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From dissection of fibrotic pathways to assessment of drug interactions to reduce cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100036. [PMID: 34909666 PMCID: PMC8663973 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by extracellular matrix deposition in the cardiac interstitium, and this contributes to cardiac contractile dysfunction and progression of heart failure. The main players involved in this process are the cardiac fibroblasts, which, in the presence of pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic stimuli, undergo a complete transformation acquiring a more proliferative, a pro-inflammatory and a secretory phenotype. This review discusses the cellular effectors and molecular pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and suggests potential strategies to monitor the effects of specific drugs designed to slow down the progression of this disease by specifically targeting the fibroblasts.
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Monteserín M, Larumbe S, Martínez AV, Burgui S, Francisco Martín L. Recent Advances in the Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:2705-2741. [PMID: 33653440 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.19062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles have led them to be considered materials with significant potential in the biomedical field. Nanometric size, high surface-area ratio, ability to function at molecular level, exceptional magnetic and physicochemical properties, and more importantly, the relatively easy tailoring of all these properties to the specific requirements of the different biomedical applications, are some of the key factors of their success. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the state of the art of different aspects of magnetic nanoparticles, specially focusing on their use in biomedicine. We will explore their magnetic properties, synthetic methods and surface modifications, as well as their most significative physicochemical properties and their impact on the in vivo behaviour of these particles. Furthermore, we will provide a background on different applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine, such as magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, imaging contrast agents or theranostics. Besides, current limitations and challenges of these materials, as well as their future prospects in the biomedical field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Monteserín
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - Silvia Larumbe
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - Alejandro V Martínez
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - Saioa Burgui
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
| | - L Francisco Martín
- Centre of Advanced Surface Engineering and Advanced Materials, Asociación de la Industria Navarra, Ctra. Pamplona, s/n, Edificio AIN, C.P. 31191, Cordovilla, Navarra (Spain)
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Pala R, Pattnaik S, Busi S, Nauli SM. Nanomaterials as Novel Cardiovascular Theranostics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030348. [PMID: 33799932 PMCID: PMC7998597 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of conditions associated with heart and blood vessels and are considered the leading cause of death globally. Coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction represents the CVDs. Since CVDs are associated with a series of pathophysiological conditions with an alarming mortality and morbidity rate, early diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic approaches are critical for saving patients’ lives. Conventionally, diagnostic tools are employed to detect disease conditions, whereas therapeutic drug candidates are administered to mitigate diseases. However, the advent of nanotechnological platforms has revolutionized the current understanding of pathophysiology and therapeutic measures. The concept of combinatorial therapy using both diagnosis and therapeutics through a single platform is known as theranostics. Nano-based theranostics are widely used in cancer detection and treatment, as evident from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Nanotheranostics have gained considerable attention for the efficient management of CVDs. The differential physicochemical properties of engineered nanoparticles have been exploited for early diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and aneurysms. Herein, we provided the information on the evolution of nano-based theranostics to detect and treat CVDs such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and angiogenesis. The review also aims to provide novel avenues on how nanotherapeutics’ trending concept could transform our conventional diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekharreddy Pala
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (S.M.N.); Tel.: +1-714-516-5462 (R.P.); +1-714-516-5480 (S.M.N.); Fax: +1-714-516-5481 (R.P. & S.M.N.)
| | - Subhaswaraj Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India; (S.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Siddhardha Busi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India; (S.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Surya M. Nauli
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
- Correspondence: (R.P.); (S.M.N.); Tel.: +1-714-516-5462 (R.P.); +1-714-516-5480 (S.M.N.); Fax: +1-714-516-5481 (R.P. & S.M.N.)
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Future perspectives of nanoparticle-based contrast agents for cardiac magnetic resonance in myocardial infarction. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 17:329-341. [PMID: 30802547 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR), thanks to high spatial resolution and absence of ionizing radiation, has been widely used in myocardial infarction (MI) assessment to evaluate cardiac structure, function, perfusion and viability. Nevertheless, it suffers from limitations in tissue and assessment of myocardial pathophysiological changes subsequent to MI. In this issue, nanoparticle-based contrast agents offer the possibility to track biological processes at cellular and molecular level underlying the various phases of MI, infarct healing and tissue repair. In this paper, first we examine the conventional CMR protocol and its findings in MI patients. Next, we looked at how nanoparticles can help in the imaging of MI and give an overview of the major approaches currently explored. Based on the presentation of successful nanoparticle applications as contrast agents (CAs) in preclinical and clinical models, we discuss promises and outstanding challenges facing the field of CMR in MI, their translational potential and clinical application.
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Bejarano J, Navarro-Marquez M, Morales-Zavala F, Morales JO, Garcia-Carvajal I, Araya-Fuentes E, Flores Y, Verdejo HE, Castro PF, Lavandero S, Kogan MJ. Nanoparticles for diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: evolution toward prospective theranostic approaches. Theranostics 2018; 8:4710-4732. [PMID: 30279733 PMCID: PMC6160774 DOI: 10.7150/thno.26284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite preventive efforts, early detection of atherosclerosis, the common pathophysiological mechanism underlying cardiovascular diseases remains elusive, and overt coronary artery disease or myocardial infarction is often the first clinical manifestation. Nanoparticles represent a novel strategy for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of atherosclerosis, and new multifunctional nanoparticles with combined diagnostic and therapeutic capacities hold the promise for theranostic approaches to this disease. This review focuses on the development of nanosystems for therapy and diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction and the evolution of nanosystems as theranostic tools. We also discuss the use of nanoparticles in noninvasive imaging, targeted drug delivery, photothermal therapies together with the challenges faced by nanosystems during clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Bejarano
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Mario Navarro-Marquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Francisco Morales-Zavala
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Javier O. Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380494, Chile
- Pharmaceutical Biomaterial Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Ivonne Garcia-Carvajal
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Eyleen Araya-Fuentes
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 275, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yvo Flores
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Hugo E. Verdejo
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F. Castro
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), & Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marcelo J. Kogan
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
- Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Lam T, Avti PK, Pouliot P, Maafi F, Tardif JC, Rhéaume É, Lesage F, Kakkar A. Fabricating Water Dispersible Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications through Ligand Exchange and Direct Conjugation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 6:E100. [PMID: 28335228 PMCID: PMC5302624 DOI: 10.3390/nano6060100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stable superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which can be easily dispersed in an aqueous medium and exhibit high magnetic relaxivities, are ideal candidates for biomedical applications including contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. We describe a versatile methodology to render water dispersibility to SPIONs using tetraethylene glycol (TEG)-based phosphonate ligands, which are easily introduced onto SPIONs by either a ligand exchange process of surface-anchored oleic-acid (OA) molecules or via direct conjugation. Both protocols confer good colloidal stability to SPIONs at different NaCl concentrations. A detailed characterization of functionalized SPIONs suggests that the ligand exchange method leads to nanoparticles with better magnetic properties but higher toxicity and cell death, than the direct conjugation methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lam
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Pramod K Avti
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079 succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Philippe Pouliot
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079 succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Foued Maafi
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Éric Rhéaume
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079 succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Bélanger Street, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Shevtsov MA, Nikolaev BP, Ryzhov VA, Yakovleva LY, Dobrodumov AV, Marchenko YY, Margulis BA, Pitkin E, Mikhrina AL, Guzhova IV, Multhoff G. Detection of experimental myocardium infarction in rats by MRI using heat shock protein 70 conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:611-621. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Arami H, Khandhar A, Liggitt D, Krishnan KM. In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8576-607. [PMID: 26390044 PMCID: PMC4648695 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively used during the last two decades, either as effective bio-imaging contrast agents or as carriers of biomolecules such as drugs, nucleic acids and peptides for controlled delivery to specific organs and tissues. Most of these novel applications require elaborate tuning of the physiochemical and surface properties of the IONPs. As new IONPs designs are envisioned, synergistic consideration of the body's innate biological barriers against the administered nanoparticles and the short and long-term side effects of the IONPs become even more essential. There are several important criteria (e.g. size and size-distribution, charge, coating molecules, and plasma protein adsorption) that can be effectively tuned to control the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the IONPs. This paper reviews these crucial parameters, in light of biological barriers in the body, and the latest IONPs design strategies used to overcome them. A careful review of the long-term biodistribution and side effects of the IONPs in relation to nanoparticle design is also given. While the discussions presented in this review are specific to IONPs, some of the information can be readily applied to other nanoparticle systems, such as gold, silver, silica, calcium phosphates and various polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Arami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Amit Khandhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Kannan M. Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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Bietenbeck M, Florian A, Sechtem U, Yilmaz A. The diagnostic value of iron oxide nanoparticles for imaging of myocardial inflammation--quo vadis? J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2015; 17:54. [PMID: 26152269 PMCID: PMC4495803 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-015-0165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an integral part in the diagnostic work-up of cardiac inflammatory diseases. In this context, superparamagnetic iron oxide-based contrast agents can provide additional diagnostic information regarding the assessment of myocardial infarction and myocarditis. After intravenous administration, these nanoparticles are taken up by activated monocytes and macrophages, which predominantly accumulate in regions associated with inflammation as was successfully shown in recent preclinical studies. Furthermore, first clinical studies with a new iron oxide-complex that was clinically approved for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia recently demonstrated a superior diagnostic value of iron oxide nanoparticles compared to gadolinium-based compounds for imaging of myocardial inflammation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In this article, we outline the basic features of superparamagnetic iron oxide-based contrast agents and review recent studies using such nanoparticles for cardiac imaging in case of acute myocardial infarction as well as acute myocarditis. Moreover, we highlight the translational potential of these agents and possible research applications with regard to imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bietenbeck
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anca Florian
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Division of Cardiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Gundogan B, Tan A, Farhatnia Y, Alavijeh MS, Cui Z, Seifalian AM. Bioabsorbable stent quo vadis: a case for nano-theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:514-33. [PMID: 24672583 PMCID: PMC3966055 DOI: 10.7150/thno.8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most commonly performed invasive medical procedures in medicine today. Since the first coronary balloon angioplasty in 1977, interventional cardiology has seen a wide array of developments in PCI. Bare metal stents (BMS) were soon superseded by the revolutionary drug-eluting stents (DES), which aimed to address the issue of restenosis found with BMS. However, evidence began to mount against DES, with late-stent thrombosis (ST) rates being higher than that of BMS. The bioabsorbable stent may be a promising alternative, providing vessel patency and support for the necessary time required and thereafter degrade into safe non-toxic compounds which are reabsorbed by the body. This temporary presence provides no triggers for ST, which is brought about by non-endothelialized stent struts and drug polymers remaining in vivo for extended periods of time. Likewise, nano-theranostics incorporated into a bioabsorbable stent of the future may provide an incredibly valuable single platform offering both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities. Such a stent may allow delivery of therapeutic particles to specific sites thus keeping potential toxicity to a minimum, improved ease of tracking delivery in vivo by embedding imaging agents, controlled rate of therapy release and protection of the implanted therapy. Indeed, nanocarriers may allow an increased therapeutic index as well as offer novel post-stent implantation imaging and diagnostic methods for atherosclerosis, restenosis and thrombosis. It is envisioned that a nano-theranostic stent may well form the cornerstone of future stent designs in clinical practice.
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Yilmaz A, Rösch S, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Helluy X, Hiller KH, Jakob PM, Sechtem U. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of inflamed myocardium using iron oxide nanoparticles in patients with acute myocardial infarction - preliminary results. Int J Cardiol 2013; 163:175-82. [PMID: 21689857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO)-based molecular imaging agents targeting macrophages have been developed and successfully applied in animal models of myocardial infarction. The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of macrophages using ferucarbotran (Resovist®) allows improved visualisation of the myocardial (peri-)infarct zone compared to conventional gadolinium-based necrosis/fibrosis imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction. MATERIAL AND METHODS The clinical study NIMINI-1 was performed as a prospective, non-randomised, non-blinded, single agent phase III clinical trial (NCT0088644). Twenty patients who had experienced either an acute ST-elevation or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI/NSTEMI) were included to this study. Following coronary angiography, a first baseline cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) study (pre-SPIO) was performed within seven days after onset of cardiac symptoms. A second CMR study (post-SPIO) was performed either 10 min, 4h, 24h or 48h after ferucarbotran administration. The CMR studies comprised cine-CMR, T2-weighted "edema" imaging, T2-weighted cardiac imaging and T1-weighted late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE) imaging. RESULTS The median extent of short-axis in-plane LGE was 28% (IQR 19-31%). Following Resovist® administration the median extent of short-axis in-plane T2-weighted hypoenhancement (suggestive of intramyocardial haemorrhage and/or SPIO accumulation) was 0% (IQR 0-9%; p=0.68 compared to pre-SPIO). A significant in-slice increase (>3%) in the extent of T2-weighted "hypoenhancement" (post-SPIO compared to pre-SPIO) was seen in 6/16 patients (38%). However, no patient demonstrated "hypoenhancement" in T2-weighted images following Resovist® administration that exceeded the area of LGE. CONCLUSIONS T2/T2-weighted MRI aiming at non-invasive myocardial macrophage imaging using the approved dose of ferucarbotran does not allow improved visualisation of the myocardial (peri-) infarct zone compared to conventional gadolinium-based necrosis/fibrosis imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yilmaz
- Division of Cardiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Yilmaz A, Dengler MA, van der Kuip H, Yildiz H, Rösch S, Klumpp S, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Helluy X, Hiller KH, Jakob PM, Sechtem U. Imaging of myocardial infarction using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: a human study using a multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging approach. Eur Heart J 2012; 34:462-75. [PMID: 23103659 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this clinical trial was to investigate whether cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) using ferumoxytol (Feraheme™, FH), an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (USPIO), allows more detailed characterization of infarct pathology compared with conventional gadolinium-based necrosis/fibrosis imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen patients who had experienced an acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction were included in this study. Following coronary angiography, a first baseline study (pre-FH) was performed followed by subsequent CMR studies (post-FH) 48 h after intravenous ferumoxytol administration. The CMR studies comprised cine-CMR, T(2)-weighted short tau inversion recovery spin echo imaging, T(2)-mapping, and T(1)-weighted late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging. The median extent of short-axis in-plane LGE was 30% [inter-quartile range (IQR) 26-40%]. The median in-plane extent of T(2)-weighted 'hypoenhancement' in the region of myocardial infarction, which was not present prior to ferumoxytol administration in any patient, was 19% (IQR 14-22%; P < 0.001 compared with the extent of LGE). The median in-plane extent of areas showing signal void in T(2)-mapping images post-FH in the region of myocardial infarction was 16% (IQR 12-18%; P < 0.001 compared with the extent of LGE; P = 0.34 compared with the extent of T(2)-weighted hypoenhancement). A substantial drop in absolute T(2)-values was observed not only in the infarct core and peri-infarct zone, but also in the remote 'healthy' myocardium, although there was only a minor change in the skeletal muscle. Substantial ferumoxytol uptake was detected only in cultured macrophages, but not in peripheral blood monocytes from study patients. CONCLUSION We could demonstrate in humans that USPIO-based contrast agents enable a more detailed characterization of myocardial infarct pathology mainly by detecting infiltrating macrophages. Considering the multi-functionality of USPIO-based particles and their superior safety profile compared with gadolinium-based compounds, these observations open up new vistas for the clinical application of USPIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Yilmaz
- Division of Cardiology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Musthafa HSN, Dragneva G, Lottonen L, Merentie M, Petrov L, Heikura T, Ylä-Herttuala E, Ylä-Herttuala S, Gröhn O, Liimatainen T. Longitudinal rotating frame relaxation time measurements in infarcted mouse myocardium in vivo. Magn Reson Med 2012; 69:1389-95. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lee GH, Chang Y, Kim TJ. Blood-Pool and Targeting MRI Contrast Agents: From Gd-Chelates to Gd-Nanoparticles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Chen W, Cormode DP, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM. Nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for vascular and cardiac diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 3:146-161. [PMID: 20967875 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Advances in nanoparticle contrast agents for molecular imaging have made magnetic resonance imaging a promising modality for noninvasive visualization and assessment of vascular and cardiac disease processes. This review provides a description of the various nanoparticles exploited for imaging cardiovascular targets. Nanoparticle probes detecting inflammation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix, and angiogenesis may provide tools for assessing the risk of progressive vascular dysfunction and heart failure. The utility of nanoparticles as multimodal probes and/or theranostic agents has also been investigated. Although clinical application of these nanoparticles is largely unexplored, the potential for enhancing disease diagnosis and treatment is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David P Cormode
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Park JY, Choi ES, Baek MJ, Lee GH, Woo S, Chang Y. Water-SolubleUltra SmallParamagnetic or Superparamagnetic Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Molecular MR Imaging. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chapon C, Franconi F, Lemaire L, Marescaux L, Legras P, Denizot B, Le Jeune JJ. Volumetric assessment of myocardial viability in rats using 3D double contrast enhanced T1 and T2-weighted MRI. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2005; 18:302-8. [PMID: 16362430 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-005-0016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Volumetric evaluation of the myocardial viability post-infarction in rats using 3D in vivo MR imaging at 7 T using injection of an extracellular paramagnetic contrast agent and intravascular superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the same imaging session. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five hours after induction of permanent myocardial infarction in rats (n=6), 3D in vivo T1- and T2-weighted MR Imaging was performed prior to and after Gd-DOTA injection (0.2 mmol/kg) and prior to and after nanoparticle injection (5 mg Fe/kg) to assess infarct size and myocardial viability. RESULTS 3D MR Imaging using a successive contrast agent injection showed a difference of infarct size after Gd-DOTA injection on T1-weighted images compared to the one measured on T2-weighted images after Gd-DOTA and nanoparticle injection. CONCLUSION The use of 3D T1- and T2-weighted MR Imaging using a double contrast agents protocol made possible the accurate characterization of myocardial infarction volume and allowed the detection of myocardial viability post-infarction in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chapon
- INSERM U 646, Ingénierie de la Vectorisation Particulaire, 10, rue André Boquel, 49100, Angers, France
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Bjørnerud A, Johansson L. The utility of superparamagnetic contrast agents in MRI: theoretical consideration and applications in the cardiovascular system. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2004; 17:465-477. [PMID: 15526351 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review will discuss the in vivo physical chemical relaxation properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. Various parameters such as size, magnetization, compartmentalization and water exchange effects and how these alter the behavior of the iron oxide particles in an in vitro vs an in vivo situation with special reference to the cardiovascular system will be exemplified. Furthermore, applications using iron oxide particles for vascular, perfusion and viability imaging as well as assessment of the inflammatory status of a given tissue will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atle Bjørnerud
- Department of Radiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, N-0027 Oslo, Norway.
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Bjerner T, Wikström G, Johansson L, Ahlström H. High In-Plane Resolution T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acute Myocardial Ischemia in Pigs Using the Intravascular Contrast Agent NC100150 Injection. Invest Radiol 2004; 39:470-8. [PMID: 15257208 DOI: 10.1097/01.rli.0000129153.64225.7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The intravascular contrast agent NC100150 injection was tested for its ability to demarcate nonperfused myocardium in a porcine model of coronary occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A T2-weighted fast spin echo sequence was acquired ex vivo and in vivo during first pass and steady-state circulation of the contrast agent in 2 dosages (2 and 5 mg Fe/kg bw) or saline. RESULTS Ex vivo, in the high-dose group, the volume of nonperfused myocardium determined from T2-weighted images was 99% of that determined from photographs where perfused myocardium stained with fluorescein. A significantly higher contrast to noise ratio between perfused and nonperfused myocardium was found (both ex and in vivo in steady state) compared with the control group. During first pass, a significant reduction in signal intensity (74 +/- 18%) was found in perfused myocardium after contrast injection. CONCLUSION NC100150 injection, combined with T2-weighted turbo spin echo imaging, allowed detailed visualization of non-perfused myocardium in the steady state, which corresponded to the area at risk as determined by fluorescein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Bjerner
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
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