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Fernandes DA. Liposomes for Cancer Theranostics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2448. [PMID: 37896208 PMCID: PMC10610083 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most well-studied diseases and there have been significant advancements over the last few decades in understanding its molecular and cellular mechanisms. Although the current treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gene therapy and immunotherapy) have provided complete cancer remission for many patients, cancer still remains one of the most common causes of death in the world. The main reasons for the poor response rates for different cancers include the lack of drug specificity, drug resistance and toxic side effects (i.e., in healthy tissues). For addressing the limitations of conventional cancer treatments, nanotechnology has shown to be an important field for constructing different nanoparticles for destroying cancer cells. Due to their size (i.e., less than 1 μm), nanoparticles can deliver significant amounts of cancer drugs to tumors and are able to carry moieties (e.g., folate, peptides) for targeting specific types of cancer cells (i.e., through receptor-mediated endocytosis). Liposomes, composed of phospholipids and an interior aqueous core, can be used as specialized delivery vehicles as they can load different types of cancer therapy agents (e.g., drugs, photosensitizers, genetic material). In addition, the ability to load imaging agents (e.g., fluorophores, radioisotopes, MRI contrast media) enable these nanoparticles to be used for monitoring the progress of treatment. This review examines a wide variety of different liposomes for cancer theranostics, with the different available treatments (e.g., photothermal, photodynamic) and imaging modalities discussed for different cancers.
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Ochi T, Nishiofuku H, Kure T, Saito N, Taiji R, Marugami N, Tanaka T, Sakai H. Development of liposomal contrast agent with high iodine concentration and minimal effect on renal function. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 34:101473. [PMID: 37180756 PMCID: PMC10172707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of contrast media is essential to achieve high accuracy in diagnostic imaging. Iodine contrast media, one of these contrast media, has nephrotoxicity as a side effect. Therefore, the development of iodine contrast media that can reduce nephrotoxicity is expected. Since liposomes are generally adjustable in size (100-300 nm) and are not filtered by the renal glomerulus, we hypothesized that iodine contrast media could be encapsulated in liposomes and administered to avoid the nephrotoxicity of iodine contrast media. The aim of this study is to develop an iomeprol-containing liposome (IPL) agent with high iodine concentration and to investigate the effect of intravenous administration of IPL on renal function in a rat model with chronic kidney injury. Materials and methods IPLs were prepared by encapsulating an iomeprol (400mgI/mL) solution in liposomes by a kneading method using a rotation-revolution mixer. Radiodensities of iomeprol and IPL were measured. IPL or iopamidol at normal dose (0.74 g I/kg) or high dose (3.7 g I/kg) was administered to healthy and 5/6-nephrectomized rats (n = 3-6). Serum creatinine (sCr) and histopathological change of tubular epithelial cells were evaluated after injection. Results The iodine concentration of IPL was 220.7 mgI/mL, equivalent to 55.2% of the iodine concentration of iomeprol. The CT values of IPL was 4731.6 ± 53.2 HU, 59.04% that of iomeprol. The ratios of change in sCr in 5/6-nephrectomized rats that received high-dose iopamidol were 0.73, which were significantly higher than that in 5/6-nephrectomized rats that received high-dose IPL (-0.03) (p = 0.006). Change in foamy degeneration of tubular epithelial cells was confirmed in 5/6-nephrectomized rats that received high-dose iopamidol than that in the sham control group and healthy rats that received normal dose iopamiron (p = 0.016, p = 0.032, respectively). Foamy degeneration of tubular epitherial cells was rarely observed in the IPL injection group. Conclusions We developed new liposomal contrast agents that have high iodine concentration and minimal effect on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Ochi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nishiofuku
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Corresponding author. Shijocho 840, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Kure
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Natsuhiko Saito
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Taiji
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Nagaaki Marugami
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Ogata Y, Kuroiwa T, Ichikawa S. Facilitated encapsulation of a nonionic contrast agent for X-ray computed tomography into lipid vesicles by the multiple emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113360. [PMID: 37230050 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied the encapsulation of iohexol (Ihex), a nonionic contrast agent used for X-ray computational tomography, into lipid vesicles using the multiple emulsification-solvent evaporation method to formulate a nanosized contrast agent. This lipid vesicle preparation method consists of three steps: (1) primary emulsification for producing water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions containing fine water droplets that will be converted to the internal water phase of the lipid vesicles, (2) secondary emulsification for formulating multiple water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions encapsulating the fine water droplets containing Ihex, and (3) solvent evaporation to remove the oil phase solvent (n-hexane) and to form lipid bilayers surrounding the fine inner droplets, resulting in the formation of lipid vesicles encapsulating Ihex. As the diameter and Ihex concentration of the primary W/O emulsion droplets decreased, a higher Ihex encapsulation yield was obtained for the final lipid vesicles. The entrapment yield of Ihex in the final lipid vesicles varied significantly with the emulsifier (Pluronic® F-68) concentration in the external water phase of W/O/W emulsion, and the highest yield (65%) was obtained when the emulsifier concentration was 0.1 wt%. We also investigated the powderization of lipid vesicles encapsulating Ihex via lyophilization. The powderized vesicles were dispersed in water after rehydration and maintained their controlled diameters. The entrapment yield of Ihex in powderized lipid vesicles was maintained for over 1 month at 25 ˚C, while significant leakage of Ihex was observed in the lipid vesicles suspended in the aqueous phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeto Ogata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuroiwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.
| | - Sosaku Ichikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Novel Magnetic Elastic Phase-Change Nanodroplets as Dual Mode Contrast Agent for Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142915. [PMID: 35890691 PMCID: PMC9318938 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, dual-mode imaging systems merging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) have been developed. Designing a dual-mode contrast agent is complex due to different mechanisms of enhancement. Herein, we describe novel phase change nanodroplets (PCNDs) with perfluoropentane encapsulated in a pre-polyglycerol sebacate (pre-PGS) shell loaded with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as having a dual-mode contrast agent effect. Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared via the chemical co-precipitation method and PCNDs were prepared via the solvent displacement technique. PCNDs showed excellent enhancement in the in vitro US much more than Sonovue® microbubbles. Furthermore, they caused a susceptibility effect resulting in a reduction of signal intensity on MRI. An increase in the concentration of nanoparticles caused an increase in the MR contrast effect but a reduction in US intensity. The concentration of nanoparticles in a shell of PCNDs was optimized to obtain a dual-mode contrast effect. Biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and immunogenicity assays showed that PCNDs were safe and non-immunogenic. Another finding was the dual-mode potential of unloaded PCNDs as T1 MR and US contrast agents. Results suggest the excellent potential of these PCNDs for use as dual-mode contrast agents for both MRI and US.
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Ganguly S, Neelam, Grinberg I, Margel S. Layer by layer controlled synthesis at room temperature of tri‐modal (
MRI
, fluorescence and
CT
) core/shell superparamagnetic
IO
/human serum albumin nanoparticles for diagnostic applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ganguly
- Bar‐Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Neelam
- Bar‐Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Igor Grinberg
- Bar‐Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Bar‐Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry Bar‐Ilan University Ramat‐Gan Israel
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Microfluidic-assisted synthesis of multifunctional iodinated contrast agent polymeric nanoplatforms. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120447. [PMID: 33676989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Contrast Induced Nephropathy is the most severe side-effect arising after non-ionic iodinated contrast agents (CAs) intravenous administration. The use of antioxidants (i.e., N-Acetylcysteine; NAC) is one of the attempted prevention approaches. Herein, we describe the microfluidic-assisted synthesis of iodinated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) as new multifunctional blood pool CA. The aim of this research is to co-encapsulate Iohexol (IOX; iodinated CA) and NAC (preventive agent) into poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) and PEGylated-PLGA (PLGA-PEG) NPs to exploit CA diagnostic proprieties and NAC preventing antioxidant activity. A microfluidic-assisted nanoprecipitation protocol has been set-up for PLGA and PLGA-PEG NPs, evaluating the effect of formulation and microfluidic parameters by analysing the size, PDI and IOX and NAC encapsulation efficiency. The optimized NPs (PLGA-PEG, L:G 50:50, 5% PEG, Mw 90 kDa) formulated with a size of 67 ± 2.8 nm with PDI < 0.2, spherical shape, and an IOX and NAC encapsulation efficiency of 38% and 20%, respectively. The IOX and NAC encapsulation was confirmed by FTIR and DSC. In vitro release study showed an IOX retention into the polymeric matrix and NAC sustained release up to 24-48 h stating microfluidics as powerful tool for the formulation of multifunctional nanoplatforms. Finally, the protective effect of NPs and NAC were preliminary assessed on human kidney cells.
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SİLİNDİR GÜNAY M. The Formulation of Methylene Blue Encapsulated, Tc-99m Labeled Multifunctional Liposomes for Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging and Therapy. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:381-387. [PMID: 32939133 PMCID: PMC7489354 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.86619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methylene blue (MB) is a commonly used dye that can be used for near-infrared (NIR) imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) by producing reactive oxygen species after light exposure, inducing apoptosis. The limiting factor of MB is its poor penetration through cell membranes. Its decreased cellular uptake can be prevented by encapsulation in drug delivery systems such as liposomes. Additionally, the enhanced permeability and retention effect of tumors enables enhanced accumulation of nanocarriers at the target site. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nanosized, MB encapsulated, Tc-99m radiolabeled Lipoid S PC:PEG2000-PE:Chol: DTPA-PE and DPPC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE liposomes were formulated to design multifunctional theranostic nanocarriers for: 1) NIR imaging, 2) gamma probe detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), and 3) PDT, which can provide accurate imaging and therapy helping surgery with a single liposomal system. The characterization of liposomes was performed by measuring particle size, zeta potential, phospholipid content, and encapsulation efficiency. Additionally, the in vitro release profile of MB and physical stability were also evaluated over 6 months at determined time intervals by measuring the mean particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and phospholipid content of liposomes kept at room temperature (25°C) and 4°C. RESULTS Tc-99m radiolabeled, nanosized Lipoid S PC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE and DPPC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE liposomes showed suitable particle size (around 100 nm), zeta potential (-9 to -13 mV), encapsulation efficiency (around 10%), phospholipid efficiency (around 85-90%), and release profiles. Additionally, the liposomes found stable for 3 months especially when kept at 4°C. CONCLUSION MB encapsulated, Tc-99m radiolabeled, nanosized Lipoid S PC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE and DPPC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE liposomes were found to have potential for SLN imaging by gamma probe detection, NIR imaging, and PDT. In vitro and in vivo imaging and therapeutic efficiency should be definitely evaluated to enable a final decision and our studies on this research topic are continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine SİLİNDİR GÜNAY
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
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Moss JI, Barjat H, Emmas SA, Strittmatter N, Maynard J, Goodwin RJA, Storm G, Lammers T, Puri S, Ashford MB, Barry ST. High-resolution 3D visualization of nanomedicine distribution in tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:880-897. [PMID: 31903157 PMCID: PMC6929971 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the clinical translation of anti-cancer nanomedicines, it is necessary to begin building specific insights into the broad concept of the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect, using detailed investigations of the accumulation, distribution and retention of nanomedicines in solid tumors. Nanomedicine accumulation in preclinical tumors has been extensively studied; however, treatment efficacy will be heavily influenced by both the quantity of drug-loaded nanomedicines reaching the tumor as well as their spatial distribution throughout the tumor. It remains a challenge to image the heterogeneity of nanomedicine distribution in 3 dimensions within solid tumors with a high degree of spatial resolution using standard imaging approaches. Methods: To achieve this, an ex vivo micro computed tomography (µCT) imaging approach was developed to visualize the intratumoral distribution of contrast agent-loaded PEGylated liposomes. Using this semi-quantitative method, whole 3-dimensional (3D) tumor liposome distribution was determined with 17 µm resolution in a phenotypically diverse panel of four preclinical xenograft and patient-derived explant (PDX) tumor models. Results: High-resolution ex vivo μCT imaging revealed striking differences in liposome distribution within tumors in four models with different vascular patterns and densities, stromal contents, and microenvironment morphologies. Following intravenous dosing, the model with the highest density of pericyte-supported vessels showed the greatest liposome accumulation, while the model with vessels present in regions of high α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) content presented with a large proportion of the liposomes at depths beyond the tumor periphery. The two models with an unsupported vascular network demonstrated a more restricted pattern of liposome distribution. Conclusion: Taken together, vessel distribution and support (the latter indicative of functionality) appear to be key factors determining the accumulation and distribution pattern of liposomes in tumors. Our findings demonstrate that high-resolution 3D visualization of nanomedicine distribution is a useful tool for preclinical nanomedicine research, providing valuable insights into the influence of the tumor vasculature and microenvironment on nanomedicine localization.
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9
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Delama A, Teixeira MI, Dorati R, Genta I, Conti B, Lamprou DA. Microfluidic encapsulation method to produce stable liposomes containing iohexol. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Chen Z, Li Y, Airan R, Han Z, Xu J, Chan KWY, Xu Y, Bulte JWM, van Zijl PCM, McMahon MT, Zhou S, Liu G. CT and CEST MRI bimodal imaging of the intratumoral distribution of iodinated liposomes. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1579-1591. [PMID: 31667143 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.06.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background To develop liposomes loaded with iodinated agents as nanosized CT/MRI bimodal contrast agents for monitoring liposome-mediated drug delivery. Methods Rhodamine-labeled iodixanol (VisipaqueTM)-loaded liposomes (IX-lipo) were prepared and tested for their properties as a diamagnetic CEST contrast agent in vitro. Mice bearing subcutaneous CT26 colon tumors were injected i.v. with 1 g/kg (535 mg iodine/kg) IX-lipo, and in vivo CT and CEST MR images were acquired on day 3. CT and CEST MR images were also acquired for tumor-bearing mice co-injected with IX-lipo and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Results In addition to CT contrast, IX-lipo exhibited a strong CEST contrast similar to its non-liposomal form, with a detectability of ~2 nM per liposome. Both CT imaging and CEST MRI showed that i.v. injection of IX-lipo resulted in a rim enhancement of CT26 tumors with a heterogeneous central distribution. In contrast, co-injection of TNF-α caused a significantly augmented CT/MRI contrast in the tumor center. The intratumoral biodistribution of IX-lipo correlated well to the rhodamine patterns observed with fluorescence microscopy. Conclusions We have developed a CT/MRI bimodal imaging approach for monitoring the delivery and biodistribution of liposomes by loading them with the clinically approved X-ray/CT contrast agent iodixanol. Our approach may be easily adapted for other-FDA approved iodinated agents and thus has great translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuguo Li
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raag Airan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Han
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- Medical Imaging Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael T McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Salehi F, Daneshvar F, Karimi M, Dehdari Vais R, Mosleh-Shirazi MA, Sattarahmady N. Enhanced melanoma cell-killing by combined phototherapy/radiotherapy using a mesoporous platinum nanostructure. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 28:300-307. [PMID: 31606514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal nanomaterials have a significant potential as photosensitizer and radiosensitizer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a platinum mesoporous nanostructure (Pt MN) toward a melanoma cancer cell line upon combined laser radiation (808 nm, 1 and 1.5 W cm-2) and X-ray irradiation (6 MV, 2, 4, and 6 Gy). METHODS Pt MN was synthesized by a simple procedure and characterized by field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A mouse malignant melanoma cell line C540 (B16/F10) was treated with Pt MN, laser light and/or X-ray. RESULTS Pt MN had a mesoporous structure with a sponge-resemble shape comprised of ensembles of very small adhered particles of <11 nm and about 5-nm pores. While Pt MN represented a low toxicity toward and considerable uptake into the cell line in a concentration range of 10-100 μg mL-1, laser light radiation alone was also not toxic, and X-ray irradiation alone induced a limited toxicity, Pt MN was toxic against the cells in a dose dependent manner upon laser light radiation, X-ray irradiation, or their combined exposure. The killing efficacy of Pt MN upon X-ray irradiation was more obvious at 72 h post-treatment. The combined exposure (laser radiation followed by X-ray irradiation) led to a deep cell killing and a very low melanoma cell viability (∼1%). Significant melanoma cancer cell killing of Pt MN was due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon combined exposure of laser and X-ray, while cell killing upon laser light radiation was due to heat generation. CONCLUSION Pt MN was introduced as a supreme laser/X-ray sensitizer for treatment of cancer with a high ability to produce ROS and a potent impact on decreasing cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Salehi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - F Daneshvar
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Karimi
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Dehdari Vais
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M A Mosleh-Shirazi
- Physics Unit, Department of Radio-Oncology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Sattarahmady
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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A review on the role of lipid-based nanoparticles in medical diagnosis and imaging. Ther Deliv 2018; 9:557-569. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular and diagnostic imaging has been recently a subject of intense research in the treatment of numerous diseases. In medical imaging, there are different modalities with unique strengths including MRI, ultrasound imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography. These systems need specific contrast agents to achieve a suitable image with the best quality. Nanoparticles represent an innovative tool in imaging field research and diagnostics of various diseases, especially cancerous ones. Among the nanocarriers, lipid-based nanoparticles, such as nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes, are the most used carriers in imaging because of having many advantageous properties. This review addresses advancements in different lipid-based nanoparticles as tools in medical diagnostic and imaging.
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Nelson BB, Goodrich LR, Barrett MF, Grinstaff MW, Kawcak CE. Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:410-424. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Nelson
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - L. R. Goodrich
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. F. Barrett
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering and Medicine; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - C. E. Kawcak
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Venkatesha N, Qurishi Y, Atreya HS, Srivastava C. ZnO coated CoFe2O4 nanoparticles for multimodal bio-imaging. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25953c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of CoFe2O4–ZnO core–shell nanoparticles for fluorescence optical imaging and as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Venkatesha
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore
- India
| | - Yasrib Qurishi
- Department of Molecular Reproduction
- Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore
- India
| | | | - Chandan Srivastava
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore
- India
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Ashton JR, West JL, Badea CT. In vivo small animal micro-CT using nanoparticle contrast agents. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:256. [PMID: 26581654 PMCID: PMC4631946 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most valuable modalities for in vivo imaging because it is fast, high-resolution, cost-effective, and non-invasive. Moreover, CT is heavily used not only in the clinic (for both diagnostics and treatment planning) but also in preclinical research as micro-CT. Although CT is inherently effective for lung and bone imaging, soft tissue imaging requires the use of contrast agents. For small animal micro-CT, nanoparticle contrast agents are used in order to avoid rapid renal clearance. A variety of nanoparticles have been used for micro-CT imaging, but the majority of research has focused on the use of iodine-containing nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles. Both nanoparticle types can act as highly effective blood pool contrast agents or can be targeted using a wide variety of targeting mechanisms. CT imaging can be further enhanced by adding spectral capabilities to separate multiple co-injected nanoparticles in vivo. Spectral CT, using both energy-integrating and energy-resolving detectors, has been used with multiple contrast agents to enable functional and molecular imaging. This review focuses on new developments for in vivo small animal micro-CT using novel nanoparticle probes applied in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R Ashton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA ; Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L West
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC, USA
| | - Cristian T Badea
- Department of Radiology, Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham NC, USA
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De Souza R, Spence T, Huang H, Allen C. Preclinical imaging and translational animal models of cancer for accelerated clinical implementation of nanotechnologies and macromolecular agents. J Control Release 2015; 219:313-330. [PMID: 26409122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The majority of animal models of cancer have performed poorly in terms of predicting clinical performance of new therapeutics, which are most often first evaluated in patients with advanced, metastatic disease. The development and use of metastatic models of cancer may enhance clinical translatability of preclinical studies focused on the development of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems and macromolecular therapeutics, potentially accelerating their clinical implementation. It is recognized that the development and use of such models are not without challenge. Preclinical imaging tools offer a solution by allowing temporal and spatial characterization of metastatic lesions. This paper provides a review of imaging methods applicable for evaluation of novel therapeutics in clinically relevant models of advanced cancer. An overview of currently utilized models of oncology in small animals is followed by image-based development and characterization of visceral metastatic cancer models. Examples of imaging tools employed for metastatic lesion detection, evaluation of anti-tumor and anti-metastatic potential and biodistribution of novel therapies, as well as the co-development and/or use of imageable surrogates of response, are also discussed. While the focus is on development of macromolecular and nanotechnology-based therapeutics, examples with small molecules are included in some cases to illustrate concepts and approaches that can be applied in the assessment of nanotechnologies or macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel De Souza
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Tara Spence
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Huang Huang
- DLVR Therapeutics, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada.
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18
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Stapleton S, Milosevic M, Tannock IF, Allen C, Jaffray DA. The intra-tumoral relationship between microcirculation, interstitial fluid pressure and liposome accumulation. J Control Release 2015; 211:163-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ekdawi SN, Stewart JM, Dunne M, Stapleton S, Mitsakakis N, Dou YN, Jaffray DA, Allen C. Spatial and temporal mapping of heterogeneity in liposome uptake and microvascular distribution in an orthotopic tumor xenograft model. J Control Release 2015; 207:101-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Branca M, Pelletier F, Cottin B, Ciuculescu D, Lin CC, Serra R, Mattei JG, Casanove MJ, Tan R, Respaud M, Amiens C. Design of FeBi nanoparticles for imaging applications. Faraday Discuss 2015; 175:97-111. [PMID: 25271897 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00105b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of imaging technologies are now routinely used in the medical field, their use being continuously enlarged through the development of contrast agents. Recently nanoparticles (NPs) proved efficient to improve imaging in vivo by increasing contrast and targeting capabilities. The current trend is now focused on the development of dual contrast agents combining two or more functionalities on the same NP. Motivated by this new challenge we developed FeBi NPs as new nanomaterials with potential application as a contrast agent for MRI and CT imaging. In addition to the well-known use of iron in the development MRI contrast agents, we chose Bi as a CT imaging agent rather than the more documented gold, because it possesses a larger X-ray attenuation coefficient and is much less expensive. Two sets of NPs, with sizes around 150 nm and 14 nm, were synthesized using organometallic approaches. In both cases, the NPs are spherical, and contain distinct domains of Fe and Bi, with the surface being enriched with Fe, and a hydrophobic coating. This coating differs from one sample to the other: the surfaces of the 150 nm large NPs are coated by amine ligands, while those of the 14 nm large NPs are coated by a mixture of an amine and its hydrochloride salt. Exchange of the surface ligands to afford water soluble NPs has been attempted. We show that only the larger NPs could be functionalized with water soluble ligands, which is in agreement with the lability of their initial surface coating. Colloidal aqueous solutions of FeBi NPs with glycoPEG ligands have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Branca
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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21
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Sarangi NK, Patnaik A. Bio-inspired Janus gold nanoclusters with lipid and amino acid functional capping ligands: micro-voltammetry and in situ electron transfer in a biogenic environment. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01869a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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22
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Xue S, Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang L, Du X, Gu H, Zhang C. Iodinated oil-loaded, fluorescent mesoporous silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography/fluorescence trimodal imaging. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2527-38. [PMID: 24904212 PMCID: PMC4039419 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/computed tomography (CT)/fluorescence trifunctional probe was prepared by loading iodinated oil into fluorescent mesoporous silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (i-fmSiO4@SPIONs). Fluorescent mesoporous silica-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (fmSiO4@SPIONs) were prepared by growing fluorescent dye-doped silica onto superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) directed by a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide template. As prepared, fmSiO4@SPIONs had a uniform size, a large surface area, and a large pore volume, which demonstrated high efficiency for iodinated oil loading. Iodinated oil loading did not change the sizes of fmSiO4@SPIONs, but they reduced the MRI T2 relaxivity (r2) markedly. I-fmSiO4@SPIONs were stable in their physical condition and did not demonstrate cytotoxic effects under the conditions investigated. In vitro studies indicated that the contrast enhancement of MRI and CT, and the fluorescence signal intensity of i-fmSiO4@SPION aqueous suspensions and macrophages, were intensified with increased i-fmSiO4@SPION concentrations in suspension and cell culture media. Moreover, for the in vivo study, the accumulation of i-fmSiO4@SPIONs in the liver could also be detected by MRI, CT, and fluorescence imaging. Our study demonstrated that i-fmSiO4@SPIONs had great potential for MRI/CT/fluorescence trimodal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Xue
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Dou YN, Zheng J, Foltz WD, Weersink R, Chaudary N, Jaffray DA, Allen C. Heat-activated thermosensitive liposomal cisplatin (HTLC) results in effective growth delay of cervical carcinoma in mice. J Control Release 2014; 178:69-78. [PMID: 24440663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) has been identified as the primary chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cervical cancer, but dose limiting toxicity is a key issue associated with its clinical application. A suite of liposome formulations of CDDP has been developed in efforts to reduce systemic toxicity, but their therapeutic advantage over the free drug has been modest due to insufficient drug release at the tumor site. This report describes the development of a novel heat-activated thermosensitive liposome formulation containing CDDP (HTLC) designed to release approximately 90% of the loaded drug in less than 5min under mild heating conditions (42°C). Physico-chemical characteristics of HTLC were assessed in terms of gel to liquid crystalline phase transition temperature (Tm), drug loading efficiency, particle size, and stability. The pharmacokinetic profile and biodistribution of HTLC in non-tumor-bearing mice were evaluated over a 24h period. A sophisticated spatio-temporal elucidation of HTLC release in tumor-bearing mice was achieved by way of real-time monitoring using a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol, wherein a custom-built laser-based conformal heat source was applied at the tumor volume to trigger the release of HTLC co-encapsulated with the MR contrast agent gadoteridol (Gd-HP-DO3A). MR thermometry (MRT) demonstrated that a relatively uniform temperature distribution was achieved in the tumor volume using the external laser-based heating setup. In mice bearing subcutaneously-implanted ME-180 cervical tumors, the combination of HTLC and heat resulted in a 2-fold increase in tumor drug levels at 1h post-administration compared to HTLC without heating. Furthermore, the overall tumor accumulation levels for the HTLC groups (with and without heat) at 1h post-injection were significantly higher than the corresponding free CDDP group. This translated into a significant improvement in therapeutic efficacy evaluated as tumor growth delay (p<0.05) for the heated HTLC treatment group compared to the unheated HTLC, heated or unheated free CDDP, and saline groups. Overall, findings from this study demonstrate that a heat-activated, triggered release formulation of CDDP results in a significant enhancement in the therapeutic index of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan N Dou
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jinzi Zheng
- STTARR Innovation Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Techna Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Warren D Foltz
- STTARR Innovation Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Techna Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Robert Weersink
- Techna Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Naz Chaudary
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - David A Jaffray
- STTARR Innovation Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Techna Institute, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; STTARR Innovation Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Lalwani G, Sundararaj JL, Schaefer K, Button T, Sitharaman B. Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro Phantom Imaging, and Cytotoxicity of A Novel Graphene-Based Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging - X-Ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agent. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3519-3530. [PMID: 24999431 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), synthesized using potassium permanganate-based oxidation and exfoliation followed by reduction with hydroiodic acid (rGNP-HI), have intercalated manganese ions within the graphene sheets, and upon functionalization with iodine, show excellent potential as biomodal contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Structural characterization of rGNP-HI nanoparticles with low- and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed disc-shaped nanoparticles (average diameter, 200 nm, average thickness, 3 nm). Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis confirmed the presence of intercalated manganese. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of rGNP-HI confirmed the reduction of oxidized GNPs (O-GNPs), absence of molecular and physically adsorbed iodine, and the functionalization of graphene with iodine as polyiodide complexes (I3- and I5-). Manganese and iodine content were quantified as 5.1 ± 0.5 and 10.54 ± 0.87 wt% by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and ion-selective electrode measurements, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity analysis, using absorbance (LDH assay) and fluorescence (calcein AM) based assays, performed on NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and A498 human kidney epithelial cells, showed CD50 values of rGNP-HI between 179-301 µg/ml, depending on the cell line and the cytotoxicity assay. CT and MRI phantom imaging of rGNP-HI showed high CT (approximately 3200% greater than HI at equimolar iodine concentration) and MRI (approximately 59% greater than equimolar Mn2+ solution) contrast. These results open avenues for further in vivo safety and efficacy studies towards the development of carbon nanostructure-based multimodal MRI-CT contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Lalwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5281
| | - Joe Livingston Sundararaj
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Kenneth Schaefer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5281
| | - Terry Button
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5281 ; Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - Balaji Sitharaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5281
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25
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Tumor perfusion imaging predicts the intra-tumoral accumulation of liposomes. J Control Release 2013; 172:351-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.08.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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26
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Nanotechnology for Computed Tomography: A Real Potential Recently Disclosed. Pharm Res 2013; 31:20-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Anayama T, Nakajima T, Dunne M, Zheng J, Allen C, Driscoll B, Vines D, Keshavjee S, Jaffray D, Yasufuku K. A novel minimally invasive technique to create a rabbit VX2 lung tumor model for nano-sized image contrast and interventional studies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67355. [PMID: 23840673 PMCID: PMC3696117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rabbit VX2 lung cancer model is a large animal model useful for preclinical lung cancer imaging and interventional studies. However, previously reported models had issues in terms of invasiveness of tumor inoculation, control of tumor aggressiveness and incidence of complications. PURPOSE We aimed to develop a minimally invasive rabbit VX2 lung cancer model suitable for imaging and transbronchial interventional studies. METHODS New Zealand white rabbits and VX2 tumors were used in the study. An ultra-thin bronchoscope was inserted through a miniature laryngeal mask airway into the bronchus. Different numbers of VX2 tumor cells were selectively inoculated into the lung parenchyma or subcarinal mediastinum to create a uniform tumor with low incidence of complications. The model was characterized by CT, FDG-PET, and endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). Liposomal dual-modality contrast agent was used to evaluate liposome drug delivery system in this model. RESULTS Both peripheral and mediastinal lung tumor models were created. The tumor making success rate was 75.8% (25/33) in the peripheral lung tumor model and 60% (3/5) in the mediastinal tumor model. The group of 1.0×10(6) of VX2 tumor cells inoculation showed a linear growth curve with less incidence of complications. Radial probe EBUS visualized the internal structure of the tumor and the size measurement correlated well with CT measurements (r(2) = 0.98). Over 7 days of continuous enhancement of the lung tumor by liposomal contrast in the lung tumor was confirmed both CT and fluorescence imaging. CONCLUSION Our minimally invasive bronchoscopic rabbit VX2 lung cancer model is an ideal platform for lung cancer imaging and preclinical bronchoscopic interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Anayama
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Dunne
- Department of Radiation Physics, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jinzi Zheng
- Department of Radiation Physics, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brandon Driscoll
- Department of Radiation Physics, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Douglass Vines
- Department of Radiation Physics, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Jaffray
- Department of Radiation Physics, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kazuhiro Yasufuku
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- * E-mail:
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28
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Lee N, Choi SH, Hyeon T. Nano-sized CT contrast agents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:2641-60. [PMID: 23553799 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most widely used clinical imaging modalities. In order to increase the sensitivity of CT, small iodinated compounds are used as injectable contrast agents. However, the iodinated contrast agents are excreted through the kidney and have short circulation times. This rapid renal clearance not only restricts in vivo applications that require long circulation times but also sometimes induces serious adverse effects related to the excretion pathway. In addition, the X-ray attenuation of iodine is not efficient for clinical CT that uses high-energy X-ray. Due to these limitations, nano-sized iodinated CT contrast agents have been developed that can increase the circulation time and decrease the adverse effects. In addition to iodine, nanoparticles based on heavy atoms such as gold, lanthanides, and tantalum are used as more efficient CT contrast agents. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses made in nano-sized CT contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohyun Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744 South Korea
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Huang H, Dunne M, Lo J, Jaffray DA, Allen C. Comparison of Computed Tomography– and Optical Image–Based Assessment of Liposome Distribution. Mol Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2012.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- From the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, and STTARR Innovation Centre and Techna and Ontario Cancer Institutes, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Michael Dunne
- From the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, and STTARR Innovation Centre and Techna and Ontario Cancer Institutes, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - John Lo
- From the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, and STTARR Innovation Centre and Techna and Ontario Cancer Institutes, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - David A. Jaffray
- From the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, and STTARR Innovation Centre and Techna and Ontario Cancer Institutes, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Christine Allen
- From the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, and Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, and STTARR Innovation Centre and Techna and Ontario Cancer Institutes, Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Lusic
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Boston University, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Fax: 617-358-3186; Tel: 617-353-3871
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31
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Huynh E, Zheng G. Engineering multifunctional nanoparticles: all-in-one versus one-for-all. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 5:250-65. [PMID: 23450626 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles have been developed to overcome the conventional hurdles associated with the diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, there are often caveats involved with the development and clinical translation of multifunctional nanoparticles largely regarding the notion that additional functionality increases nanoparticle complexity. Here, we discuss two design concepts, a conventional approach, 'all-in-one', and introduce the concept of 'one-for-all' to suggest that multifunctionality does not necessarily result in multicomponent complex nanoparticles. This review focuses on the design concepts of all-in-one and one-for-all with examples of each approach and a discussion on the implications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Huynh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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32
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Silindir M, Erdoğan S, Özer AY, Doğan AL, Tuncel M, Uğur Ö, Torchilin VP. Nanosized multifunctional liposomes for tumor diagnosis and molecular imaging by SPECT/CT. J Liposome Res 2012; 23:20-7. [PMID: 23078019 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.722107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Among currently used cancer imaging methods, nuclear medicine modalities provide metabolic information, whereas modalities in radiology provide anatomical information. However, different modalities, having different acquisition times in separate machines, decrease the specificity and accuracy of images. To solve this problem, hybrid imaging modalities were developed as a new era, especially in the cancer imaging field. With widespread usage of hybrid imaging modalities, specific contrast agents are essentially needed to use in both modalities, such as single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Liposomes are one of the most desirable drug delivery systems, depending on their suitable properties. The aim of this study was to develop a liposomal contrast agent for the diagnosis and molecular imaging of tumor by SPECT/CT. Liposomes were prepared nanosized, coated with polyethylene glycol to obtain long blood circulation, and modified with monoclonal antibody 2C5 for specific tumor targeting. Although DTPA-PE and DTPA-PLL-NGPE (polychelating amphilic polymers; PAPs) were loaded onto liposomes for stable radiolabeling for SPECT imaging, iopromide was encapsulated into liposomes for CT imaging. Liposomes [(DPPC:PEG(2000)-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE), (PL 90G:PEG(2000)-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE), (DPPC:PEG(2000)-PE:Chol:PAPs), (PL 90G:PEG(2000)-PE:Chol:PAPs), (60:0.9:39:0.1% mol ratio)] were characterized in terms of entrapment efficiency, particle size, physical stability, and release kinetics. Additionally, in vitro cell-binding studies were carried out on two tumor cell lines (MCF-7 and EL 4) by counting radioactivity. Tumor-specific antibody-modified liposomes were found to be effective multimodal contrast agents by designating almost 3-8 fold more uptake than nonmodified ones in different tumor cell lines. These results could be considered as an important step in the development of tumor-targeted SPECT/CT contrast agents for cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Silindir
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Evaluation of thiol-modified hyaluronan and elastin-like polypeptide composite augmentation in early-stage disc degeneration: comparing 2 minimally invasive techniques. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012; 37:E1296-303. [PMID: 22772576 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0b013e318266ecea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An in vitro biomechanical and imaging study generated from an in vivo porcine model of early stage degenerative disc disease was used to evaluate mechanical property restoration, comparing 2 minimally invasive injection techniques. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the ability of an injectable hydrogel to restore the mechanical properties of spinal motion segments with early stage disc degeneration, comparing 2 minimally invasive injection techniques. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Treatment of early-stage disc degeneration may benefit from a combination of tissue engineering and minimally invasive therapeutic approaches. A recently developed hydrogel, thiol-modified hyaluronan elastin-like polypeptide (TMHA/EP) composite, has demonstrated potential as an injectable nucleus replacement. METHODS From a total of thirteen 35-kg Yorkshire boars, early-stage lumbar disc degeneration was introduced into 10 pigs via injection of chondroitinase ABC. After degeneration, 8 pigs received TMHA/EP augmentation; 1 disc via direct needle injection and a second using a modified kyphoplasty approach. High-resolution magnetic resonance images were acquired of the excised spinal motion segments, followed by biomechanical testing in axial compression, flexion-extension, lateral bending, and torsion. RESULTS The degenerate control motion segments were generally less stiff and more flexible than healthy controls. The injection of TMHA/EP into the degenerated nucleus produced similar mechanical stiffness to healthy controls. The direct-injected discs showed a dispersive pattern of TMHA/EP within the nucleus, whereas the modified kyphoplasty method yielded a bolus of hydrogel. Yet, mechanical behavior was comparable considering the 2 minimally invasive augmentation techniques. CONCLUSION The TMHA/EP composite can restore initial mechanical behavior in early-stage disc degeneration. Although both augmentation methods yielded mechanical properties comparable with healthy controls, direct injection represents a simpler technique, uses a smaller-gauge needle, does not introduce air into the disc, and yields a dispersive pattern that may be beneficial for future delivery of cells or growth factors.
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Silindir M, Erdoğan S, Özer AY, Maia S. Liposomes and their applications in molecular imaging. J Drug Target 2012; 20:401-15. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.685477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Abstract
This article aims to provide an educational document of magnetic resonance imaging principles for applied biomedical users of the technology. Basic principles are illustrated using simple experimental models on a preclinical imaging system.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Foltz
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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36
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Mady MM, Fathy MM, Youssef T, Khalil WM. Biophysical characterization of gold nanoparticles-loaded liposomes. Phys Med 2011; 28:288-95. [PMID: 22027546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles were prepared and loaded into the bilayer of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes, named as gold-loaded liposomes. Biophysical characterization of gold-loaded liposomes was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as well as turbidity and rheological measurements. FTIR measurements showed that gold nanoparticles made significant changes in the frequency of the CH(2) stretching bands, revealing that gold nanoparticles increased the number of gauche conformers and create a conformational change within the acyl chains of phospholipids. The transmission electron micrographs (TEM) revealed that gold nanoparticles were loaded in the liposomal bilayer. The zeta potential of DPPC liposomes had a more negative value after incorporating of Au NPs into liposomal membranes. Turbidity studies revealed that the loading of gold nanoparticles into DPPC liposomes results in shifting the temperature of the main phase transition to a lower value. The membrane fluidity of DPPC bilayer was increased by loading the gold nanoparticles as shown from rheological measurements. Knowledge gained in this study may open the door to pursuing liposomes as a viable strategy for Au NPs delivery in many diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mahmoud Mady
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt.
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37
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Criscione JM, Dobrucki LW, Zhuang ZW, Papademetris X, Simons M, Sinusas AJ, Fahmy TM. Development and application of a multimodal contrast agent for SPECT/CT hybrid imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1784-92. [PMID: 21851119 DOI: 10.1021/bc200162r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid or multimodality imaging is often applied in order to take advantage of the unique and complementary strengths of individual imaging modalities. This hybrid noninvasive imaging approach can provide critical information about anatomical structure in combination with physiological function or targeted molecular signals. While recent advances in software image fusion techniques and hybrid imaging systems have enabled efficient multimodal imaging, accessing the full potential of this technique requires development of a new toolbox of multimodal contrast agents that enhance the imaging process. Toward that goal, we report the development of a hybrid probe for both single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging that facilitates high-sensitivity SPECT and high spatial resolution CT imaging. In this work, we report the synthesis and evaluation of a novel intravascular, multimodal dendrimer-based contrast agent for use in preclinical SPECT/CT hybrid imaging systems. This multimodal agent offers a long intravascular residence time (t(1/2) = 43 min) and sufficient contrast-to-noise for effective serial intravascular and blood pool imaging with both SPECT and CT. The colocalization of the dendritic nuclear and X-ray contrasts offers the potential to facilitate image analysis and quantification by enabling correction for SPECT attenuation and partial volume errors at specified times with the higher resolution anatomic information provided by the circulating CT contrast. This may allow absolute quantification of intramyocardial blood volume and blood flow and may enable the ability to visualize active molecular targeting following clearance from the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Criscione
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Dunne M, Zheng J, Rosenblat J, Jaffray DA, Allen C. APN/CD13-targeting as a strategy to alter the tumor accumulation of liposomes. J Control Release 2011; 154:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
A number of medical imaging techniques are used heavily in the provision of spatially resolved information on disease and physiological status and accordingly play a critical role in clinical diagnostics and subsequent treatment. Though, for most imaging modes, contrast is potentially enhanced through the use of contrast agents or improved hardware or imaging protocols, no single methodology provides, in isolation, a detailed mapping of anatomy, disease markers or physiological status. In recent years, the concept of complementing the strengths of one imaging modality with those of another has come to the fore and been further bolstered by the development of fused instruments such as PET/CT and PET/MRI stations. Coupled with the continual development in imaging hardware has been a surge in reports of contrast agents bearing multiple functionality, potentially providing not only a powerful and highly sensitised means of co-localising physiological/disease status and anatomy, but also the tracking and delineation of multiple markers and indeed subsequent or simultaneous highly localized therapy ("theragnostics").
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yen Huang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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40
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Jelveh S, Chithrani DB. Gold nanostructures as a platform for combinational therapy in future cancer therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1081-110. [PMID: 24212654 PMCID: PMC3756404 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3011081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology is currently undergoing explosive development on many fronts. The technology is expected to generate innovations and play a critical role in cancer therapeutics. Among other nanoparticle (NP) systems, there has been tremendous progress made in the use of spherical gold NPs (GNPs), gold nanorods (GNRs), gold nanoshells (GNSs) and gold nanocages (GNCs) in cancer therapeutics. In treating cancer, radiation therapy and chemotherapy remain the most widely used treatment options and recent developments in cancer research show that the incorporation of gold nanostructures into these protocols has enhanced tumor cell killing. These nanostructures further provide strategies for better loading, targeting, and controlling the release of drugs to minimize the side effects of highly toxic anticancer drugs used in chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. In addition, the heat generation capability of gold nanostructures upon exposure to UV or near infrared light is being used to damage tumor cells locally in photothermal therapy. Hence, gold nanostructures provide a versatile platform to integrate many therapeutic options leading to effective combinational therapy in the fight against cancer. In this review article, the recent progress in the development of gold-based NPs towards improved therapeutics will be discussed. A multifunctional platform based on gold nanostructures with targeting ligands, therapeutic molecules, and imaging contrast agents, holds an array of promising directions for cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomeh Jelveh
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; E-Mail:
- Department of Radiation Physics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Devika B. Chithrani
- Department of Radiation Physics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- STTARR Innovation Centre, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kagadis GC, Loudos G, Katsanos K, Langer SG, Nikiforidis GC. In vivosmall animal imaging: Current status and future prospects. Med Phys 2010; 37:6421-42. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3515456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography (CT)-imaging potential of iopromide-carrying liposomes (SPC/CH/SPG, 6:3:1) of approximately 200 nm in diameter in healthy rabbits and in rabbits with implanted liver tumors in an intraindividual comparison with iopromide. Normal rabbits and animals with VX2 tumors implanted into the liver received iopromide (600 mg of iodine/kg, bolus injection) and, 1 or 2 days later, iopromide liposomes (300 mg of iodine/kg, bolus injection or 10-minute infusion). CT imaging up to 1 hour after administration was performed, focusing on the aorta, vena cava, kidney, spleen, and liver. Pharmacokinetic parameters for CT enhancement were calculated. Detectability and delineation of liver lesions were assessed on a 4-grade scale, and differences were evaluated statistically. Using half the iodine dose, iopromide liposomes achieved similar blood-pool enhancement as iopromide. Detectability and delineation of liver lesions were easy/good in the arterial phase after iopromide injection, but poor in the venous and equilibration phases. Iopromide liposomes resulted in a long-lasting, good detectability and delineation of liver lesions similar or superior to that observed after iopromide in the arterial phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Krause
- Bayer Schering Pharma AG, X-Ray Contrast Media Research, Berlin, Germany.
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43
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Abstract
The completed sequencing of genomes has forced upon us the challenge of understanding how the detailed information in the genome gives rise to the specific characteristics--phenotype--of the individual. This is crucial for understanding not only normal development but also, from a medical perspective, the genetic basis of disease. Much of the mammalian genome-to-phenotype relationship will be worked out in the mouse, for which powerful genetic-manipulation tools are available. Mouse imaging combined with powerful statistical methods has a unique and growing role to play in phenotyping genetically modified mice. This review outlines the challenges for image-based phenotyping, summarizes the current state of three-dimensional imaging technologies for the mouse, and highlights new opportunities in systems biology that are opened by imaging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G1X8, Canada.
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44
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Iodinated blood pool contrast media for preclinical X-ray imaging applications – A review. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6249-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Zheng J, Allen C, Serra S, Vines D, Charron M, Jaffray DA. Liposome contrast agent for CT-based detection and localization of neoplastic and inflammatory lesions in rabbits: validation with FDG-PET and histology. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010; 5:147-54. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Louie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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47
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Zheng J, Jaffray D, Allen C. Quantitative CT imaging of the spatial and temporal distribution of liposomes in a rabbit tumor model. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:571-80. [PMID: 19298061 DOI: 10.1021/mp800234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Successful employment of noninvasive imaging techniques to quantitatively assess the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticle drug delivery systems will facilitate the rational design of novel targeted drug carriers. This study reports on the bulk organ/tissue (liver, kidneys, spleen, tumor and blood) and intratumoral distribution of liposomes containing iohexol and gadoteridol over a 14-day period in VX2 sarcoma-bearing New Zealand White rabbits using computed tomography (CT). The vascular half-life of the liposomes was found to be 63.6 +/- 5.8 h and the maximum tumor-to-muscle iodine concentration ratio of 11.9 +/- 6.0 was measured 7 days postinjection with 1.13 +/- 0.29% ID of liposomes accumulating at the tumor site. The liposomes achieved their highest intratumoral distribution volume ratio at 48 h postadministration, occupying 72 +/- 5% of the total tumor volume. This investigation demonstrated the feasibility of using CT to perform quantitative, volumetric and longitudinal assessment of the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of iodinated liposomes with sensitivities in the range of microg/cm3 while maintaining the ability to identify boundaries of anatomical structures at submillimeter resolution and with imaging time of less than one minute per scan. If successfully approved for clinical adoption, the use of CT imaging to monitor nanoparticulate drug delivery will provide an opportunity for online adjustment of therapeutic regimens and implementation of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Zheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Chithrani DB, Dunne M, Stewart J, Allen C, Jaffray DA. Cellular uptake and transport of gold nanoparticles incorporated in a liposomal carrier. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2009; 6:161-9. [PMID: 19447206 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recent interest in using gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for therapy in radiation medicine has motivated development of a liposome-based system to enhance their delivery to cells. In this study, liposomes were demonstrated to perform like a "Trojan Horse" to deliver small (1.4 nm) Au NPs into tumor cells by overcoming the energetically unfavorable endocytosis process for small NPs. The results reveal that the liposomal approach provides a thousand-fold enhancement in the cellular uptake of the small Au NPs. Real-time intracellular tracking of the Au NP-liposomes revealed an average speed of 12.48 +/- 3.12 microm/hr for their intracellular transport. Analysis of the time-dependent intracellular spatial distribution of the Au NP-liposomes demonstrated that they reside in lysosomes (final degrading organelles) within 40 minutes of incubation. Knowledge gained in these studies opens the door to pursuing liposomes as a viable strategy for delivery of Au NPs in radiation therapy applications. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as part of an optimized liposome-based delivery system have been proposed for therapy in radiation medicine. The approach resulted in a thousand-fold enhancement in the cellular uptake of Au NPs compared to conventional delivery methods, with the nanoparticles residing in lysosomes within 40 minutes of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika B Chithrani
- Department of Radiation Physics, Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Matsuura N, Rowlands JA. Towards new functional nanostructures for medical imaging. Med Phys 2008; 35:4474-87. [PMID: 18975695 DOI: 10.1118/1.2966595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanostructures represent a promising new type of contrast agent for clinical medical imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, x-ray computed tomography, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging. Currently, most nanostructures are simple, single-purpose imaging agents based on spherical constructs (e.g., liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions, macromolecules, dendrimers, and solid nanoparticle structures). In the next decade, new clinical imaging nanostructures will be designed as multi-functional constructs, to both amplify imaging signals at disease sites and deliver localized therapy. Proposals for nanostructures to fulfill these new functions will be outlined. New functional nanostructures are expected to develop in five main directions: Modular nanostructures with additive functionality; cooperative nanostructures with synergistic functionality; nanostructures activated by their in vivo environment; nanostructures activated by sources outside the patient; and novel, nonspherical nanostructures and components. The development and clinical translation of next-generation nanostructures will be facilitated by a combination of improved clarity of the in vivo imaging and biological challenges and the requirements to successfully overcome them; development of standardized characterization and validation systems tailored for the preclinical assessment of nanostructure agents; and development of streamlined commercialization strategies and pipelines tailored for nanostructure-based agents for their efficient translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Matsuura
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada.
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50
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Elrod DB, Partha R, Danila D, Casscells SW, Conyers JL. An iodinated liposomal computed tomographic contrast agent prepared from a diiodophosphatidylcholine lipid. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2008; 5:42-5. [PMID: 18783999 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a novel vesicle-forming iodinated contrast agent for applications in computed tomographic (CT) imaging and drug delivery. Specifically, we have chemically modified a phosphatidylcholine lipid that is commonly used in liposome formation to create an iodinated lipid that self-assembles into approximately 50-150 nm iodoliposomes possessing as-prepared imaging contrast functionality. These iodoliposomes are structurally organized such that the iodinated moieties are contained within the vesicle's bilayer, leaving the liposomal interior unoccupied and thus available for encapsulating drugs. The iodoliposomes were characterized using electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. We also calculated the iodoliposomes' iodine encapsulation efficiency, which was sufficient for use in current CT imaging protocols. These iodinated liposomes could also serve as multifunctional carriers upon the encapsulation of pharmaceutical agents, permitting simultaneous CT imaging and therapeutic treatment. Alternatively, the commercially available iodinated contrast agent iohexol could be encapsulated inside the iodoliposomes' aqueous core to further enchance their imaging contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don B Elrod
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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