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Early Transcriptional Changes of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) in Cell Culture. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58091249. [PMID: 36143926 PMCID: PMC9501538 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: While autologous fat grafting has been carried out in the clinical field for many years, the utilization of isolated and cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is highly restricted in many countries. However, ADSCs are under investigation currently and heavily researched in many cell-based therapy approaches in the field of regenerative medicine. Objective: For the utilization of future cell-based therapies with ADSCs, in vitro cell expansion might be necessary in many cases. Thus, the cellular characteristics of ADSCs may be altered though the process of being cultured. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the gene expression profile of ADSCs after cell expansion for 48 h. Materials and Methods: Isolated ADSCs from five different donors were used for in vitro expansion. For the evaluation of the gene expression profile, mRNA deep Next-Generation Sequencing was performed to evaluate the differences between cultured and freshly isolated cells. Results: Our study gives insight into transcriptional changes in ADSCs after a short cell cultivation period. This includes the most prominent upregulated genes such as PPL, PRR15, CCL11 and ABCA9, as well the most downregulated genes, which are FOSB, FOS, EGR1 and DUSP6. Furthermore, we showed different biological processes that changed during short-term cell expansion, which led to downregulation of fat-associated metabolism hormone processes and to an upregulation of extracellular matrix-associated genes. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study reveals a detailed insight into early changes in the gene expression profile of cultured ADSCs. Our results can be utilized in future experiments.
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Mosaddad SA, Rasoolzade B, Namanloo RA, Azarpira N, Dortaj H. Stem cells and common biomaterials in dentistry: a review study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:55. [PMID: 35716227 PMCID: PMC9206624 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06676-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells exist as normal cells in embryonic and adult tissues. In recent years, scientists have spared efforts to determine the role of stem cells in treating many diseases. Stem cells can self-regenerate and transform into some somatic cells. They would also have a special position in the future in various clinical fields, drug discovery, and other scientific research. Accordingly, the detection of safe and low-cost methods to obtain such cells is one of the main objectives of research. Jaw, face, and mouth tissues are the rich sources of stem cells, which more accessible than other stem cells, so stem cell and tissue engineering treatments in dentistry have received much clinical attention in recent years. This review study examines three essential elements of tissue engineering in dentistry and clinical practice, including stem cells derived from the intra- and extra-oral sources, growth factors, and scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mosaddad
- Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Boshra Rasoolzade
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hengameh Dortaj
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Development of Intracorporeal Differentiation of Stem Cells to Induce One-Step Mastoid Bone Reconstruction during Otitis Media Surgeries. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050877. [PMID: 35267699 PMCID: PMC8912861 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of chronic otitis media. This study investigated the ability of rat stromal vascular fraction cells (rSVF) in combination with polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds and osteogenic differentiation-enhancing blood products to promote the regeneration of mastoid bone defect. Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided according to obliteration materials: (1) control, (2) PCL scaffold only, (3) rSVFs + PCL, (4) rSVFs + PCL + platelet-rich plasma, and (5) rSVFs + PCL + whole plasma (WP). At 7 months after transplantation, the rSVFs + PCL + WP group showed remarkable new bone formation in the mastoid. These results indicate that SVFs, PCL scaffolds, and blood products accelerate bone regeneration for mastoid reconstruction. Autologous SVF cells with PCL scaffolds and autologous blood products are promising composites for mastoid reconstruction which can be easily harvested after mastoidectomy. With this approach, the reconstruction of mastoid bone defects can be performed right after mastoidectomy as a one-step procedure which can offer efficiency in the clinical field.
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Lee S, Chae DS, Song BW, Lim S, Kim SW, Kim IK, Hwang KC. ADSC-Based Cell Therapies for Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910586. [PMID: 34638927 PMCID: PMC8508846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently published clinical trials involving the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) indicated that approximately one-third of the studies were conducted on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). MSD refers to a wide range of degenerative conditions of joints, bones, and muscles, and these conditions are the most common causes of chronic disability worldwide, being a major burden to the society. Conventional treatment modalities for MSD are not sufficient to correct the underlying structural abnormalities. Hence, ADSC-based cell therapies are being tested as a form of alternative, yet more effective, therapies in the management of MSDs. Therefore, in this review, MSDs subjected to the ADSC-based therapy were further categorized as arthritis, craniomaxillofacial defects, tendon/ligament related disorders, and spine disorders, and their brief characterization as well as the corresponding conventional therapeutic approaches with possible mechanisms with which ADSCs produce regenerative effects in disease-specific microenvironments were discussed to provide an overview of under which circumstances and on what bases the ADSC-based cell therapy was implemented. Providing an overview of the current status of ADSC-based cell therapy on MSDs can help to develop better and optimized strategies of ADSC-based therapeutics for MSDs as well as help to find novel clinical applications of ADSCs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Dong-Sik Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea;
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.-K.K.); (K.-C.H.); Fax: +82-32-290-2774 (K.-C.H.)
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.-K.K.); (K.-C.H.); Fax: +82-32-290-2774 (K.-C.H.)
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Liu T, Xu J, Pan X, Ding Z, Xie H, Wang X, Xie H. Advances of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-based biomaterial scaffolds for oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2467-2478. [PMID: 33553828 PMCID: PMC7850942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of oral and maxillofacial tissue defects caused by tumors, trauma, and congenital or acquired deformities has been a major challenge for surgeons over the last few decades. Autologous tissue transplantation, the gold standard of tissue reconstruction, is a valid method for repairing the oral and maxillofacial functions and aesthetics. However, several limitations hinder its clinical applications including complications of donor sites, limited tissue volume, and uncertain long-term outcomes. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) widely exist in adipose tissue and can be easily obtained through liposuction. Like the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), ADMSCs also have the multi-pluripotent potencies to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, neurons, and myocytes. Therefore, the multilineage capacity of ADMSCs makes them valuable for cell-based medical therapies. In recent years, researchers have developed many candidates of ADMSCs-based biomaterial scaffolds to cater for the needs of oral and maxillofacial tissue engineering due to their superior performance. This review presents the advances and applications of ADMSCs-based biomaterial scaffolds, and explores their tissue engineering prospects in oral and maxillofacial reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jia Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Jiangxi Province, School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhangfan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hao Xie
- General Surgery Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, 241000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huixu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Barrientos FJ, Redondo LM, Alberca M, Sánchez AM, García-Sancho J. Bone regeneration with autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: A reliable experimental model in rats. MethodsX 2020; 7:101137. [PMID: 33251125 PMCID: PMC7679249 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been proposed to be the definitive tool in regenerative medicine due to its multi-differentiation potential and expansion capacity ex vivo. The use of MSCs on bone regeneration has been assessed in several studies, obtaining promising results. However, the endless combinations that can be tested and the heterogeneity in the experimental conditions become a drawback when comparing results between authors. Moreover, it is very hard to find autologous studies using adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSC) in rodents, which is the most used preclinical animal model. In this article an experimental model for basic bone tissue engineering research is described and justified, on which adult AD-MSCs are safely isolated from the rat dorsal interscapular fat pad, allowing ex vivo expansion and autogenous orthotopic reimplantation in a bilateral mandibular bone defect made in the same animal. This reliable and reproducible model provides a simple way to perform basic experimentation studies in a small animal model using autologous MSC for bone regeneration or cell therapy techniques prior to improve the research on large animal models.Predictable and safe harvest of adipose-derived MSC. No need of animal sacrifice. Allows for autologous studies with the most frequently used animal model: the rat. No need of allogeneic or human MSC use and, therefore, immunological concerns are avoided. Bilateral mandibular critical size defect to allow direct control/experimental comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Miguel Redondo
- Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital del Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Alberca
- Citospin SL, Edificio I+D Campus Miguel Delibes, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ana María Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Sancho
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
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Probst FA, Fliefel R, Burian E, Probst M, Eddicks M, Cornelsen M, Riedl C, Seitz H, Aszódi A, Schieker M, Otto S. Bone regeneration of minipig mandibular defect by adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells seeded tri-calcium phosphate- poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2062. [PMID: 32029875 PMCID: PMC7005305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstruction of bone defects represents a serious issue for orthopaedic and maxillofacial surgeons, especially in extensive bone loss. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) with tri-calcium phosphates (TCP) are widely used for bone regeneration facilitating the formation of bone extracellular matrix to promote reparative osteogenesis. The present study assessed the potential of cell-scaffold constructs for the regeneration of extensive mandibular bone defects in a minipig model. Sixteen skeletally mature miniature pigs were divided into two groups: Control group and scaffolds seeded with osteogenic differentiated pADSCs (n = 8/group). TCP-PLGA scaffolds with or without cells were integrated in the mandibular critical size defects and fixed by titanium osteosynthesis plates. After 12 weeks, ADSCs seeded scaffolds (n = 7) demonstrated significantly higher bone volume (34.8% ± 4.80%) than scaffolds implanted without cells (n = 6, 22.4% ± 9.85%) in the micro-CT (p < 0.05). Moreover, an increased amount of osteocalcin deposition was found in the test group in comparison to the control group (27.98 ± 2.81% vs 17.10 ± 3.57%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, ADSCs seeding on ceramic/polymer scaffolds improves bone regeneration in large mandibular defects. However, further improvement with regard to the osteogenic capacity is necessary to transfer this concept into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Andreas Probst
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80337, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Riham Fliefel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80337, Germany. .,Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80336, Germany. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21514, Egypt.
| | - Egon Burian
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80336, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Monika Probst
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Matthias Eddicks
- Clinic for Swine, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Oberschleissheim, 85764, Germany
| | - Matthias Cornelsen
- Fluid Technology and Microfluidics, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Christina Riedl
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Hermann Seitz
- Fluid Technology and Microfluidics, University of Rostock, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Attila Aszódi
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Matthias Schieker
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Sven Otto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80337, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine (ExperiMed), Clinic for General, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, 80336, Germany
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Macrophage Transplantation Fails to Improve Repair of Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 30:2640-2645. [PMID: 31609958 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over 500,000 bone grafting procedures are performed every year in the United States for neoplastic and traumatic lesions of the craniofacial skeleton, costing $585 million in medical care. Current bone grafting procedures are limited, and full-thickness critical-sized defects (CSDs) of the adult human skull thus pose a substantial reconstructive challenge for the craniofacial surgeon. Cell-based strategies have been shown to safely and efficaciously accelerate the rate of bone formation in CSDs in animals. The authors recently demonstrated that supraphysiological transplantation of macrophages seeded in pullalan-collagen composite hydrogels significantly accelerated wound healing in wild type and diabetic mice, an effect mediated in part by enhancing angiogenesis. In this study, the authors investigated the bone healing effects of macrophage transplantation into CSDs of mice. METHODS CD1 athymic nude mice (60 days of age) were anesthetized, and unilateral full-thickness critical-sized (4 mm in diameter) cranial defects were created in the right parietal bone, avoiding cranial sutures. Macrophages were isolated from FVB-L2G mice and seeded onto hydroxyapatite-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (HA-PLGA) scaffolds (1.0 × 10 cells per CSD). Scaffolds were incubated for 24 hours before they were placed into the CSDs. Macrophage survival was assessed using three-dimensional in vivo imaging system (3D IVIS)/micro-CT. Micro-CT at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks was performed to evaluate gross bone formation, which was quantified using Adobe Photoshop. Microscopic evidence of bone regeneration was assessed at 8 weeks by histology. Bone formation and macrophage survival were compared at each time point using independent samples t tests. RESULTS Transplantation of macrophages at supraphysiological concentration had no effect on the formation of bones in CSDs as assessed by either micro-CT data at any time point analyzed (all P > 0.05). These results were corroborated by histology. 3D IVIS/micro-CT demonstrated survival of macrophages through 8 weeks. CONCLUSION Supraphysiologic delivery of macrophages to CSDs of mice had no effect on bone formation despite survival of transplanted macrophages through to 8 weeks posttransplantation. Further research into the physiological effects of macrophages on bone regeneration is needed to assess whether recapitulation of these conditions in macrophage-based therapy can promote the healing of large cranial defects.
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Taha S, Saller MM, Haas E, Farkas Z, Aszodi A, Giunta R, Volkmer E. Adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells from lipoaspirates: A comparison between the Lipivage200-5 liposuction system and the Body-Jet liposuction system. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2020; 73:166-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kumar IG, Pradeep S, Ravi S, Kiran HJ, Raghunath N. Stem cells in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: Current trends and future perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTIC REHABILITATION 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_45_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kong Y, Ma B, Liu F, Chen D, Zhang S, Duan J, Huang Y, Sang Y, Wang J, Li D, Liu H, Wang S. Cellular Stemness Maintenance of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on ZnO Nanorod Arrays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904099. [PMID: 31738003 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ever-growing tissue regeneration and other stem cell therapies cause pressing need for large population of self-renewable stem cells. However, stem cells gradually lose their stemness after long-term in vitro cultivation. In this study, a ZnO nanorod (ZnO NR) array is used to maintain the stemness of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). The results prove that after culturing hADSCs on ZnO NRs for 3 weeks, the stemness genes and protein expression level are higher than that on culture plates and ZnO film. ZnO NRs can maintain stemness of hADSCs without inhibiting the cell proliferation and oriented differentiation capabilities. KLF4 (Kruppel-like factor 4) is a Zn2+ -binding gene that plays a vital role in cell proliferation and differentiation. Sustained Zn2+ release and the increased expression of KLF4 can be detected, suggesting that ZnO NRs have efficiently released Zn2+ for stemness maintenance. Taken together, the nanotopography of ZnO NRs and the Zn2+ release synergistically facilitate stemness maintenance. This study has provided a powerful tool for directing cell fate, maintaining stemness, and realizing the expansion of stem cells in vitro, which will open a new route for the manufacture of large populations of stem cells and fulfilling the growing demand for the cell therapy market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Baojin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Duo Chen
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
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Rahmanian M, seyfoori A, Dehghan MM, Eini L, Naghib SM, Gholami H, Farzad Mohajeri S, Mamaghani KR, Majidzadeh-A K. Multifunctional gelatin–tricalcium phosphate porous nanocomposite scaffolds for tissue engineering and local drug delivery: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Fat grafting was first described in the early 20th century but for many years remained a relatively underused technique due to the unreliability of long-term volume expansion. Significant improvements in reliability have been made in the last 2 decades and there is a large body of literature pertaining to extraction, processing and injection methods to obtain more lasting effects. However, volume loss and graft resorption remain a major challenge in the long term and lead to unpredictability in results. Enriching adipose graft with stromal vascular fraction, ex vivo cultured adipose stem cells and platelet-derived growth factor among others is one method under active investigation which may assist graft survival through a range of mechanisms including increased angiogenesis. Breaking adipose graft into smaller fragments such that engrafted cells have greater access to donor-site oxygenation and nutrition is another method which in theory may promote survival. Presently, adipose grafting in the face is usually for the addition of volume to fill defects. However, the stem-cell containing fraction of adipose grafting (stromal vascular fraction) appears to exert a rejuvenating effect on overlying skin and soft tissue when administered alone. The application of these low-volume injections represents a significant shift in thinking away from mere volume expansion. These techniques have been tested in a range of animal models and some human studies. In this review, the authors provide a broad overview of present research and highlight both limitations in previous research and current areas of investigation.
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Toosi S, Naderi-Meshkin H, Kalalinia F, HosseinKhani H, Heirani-Tabasi A, Havakhah S, Nekooei S, Jafarian AH, Rezaie F, Peivandi MT, Mesgarani H, Behravan J. Bone defect healing is induced by collagen sponge/polyglycolic acid. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:33. [PMID: 30840143 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the capability of a collagen/poly glycolic acid (PGA) scaffold in regeneration of a calvarial bone defects in rabbits. 4 bone critical size defects (CSD) were created in the calvarial bone of each rabbit. The following 4 treatment modalities were tested (1) a collagen/PGA scaffold (0.52% w/w); (2) the collagen/PGA scaffold (0.52% w/w) seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs, 1 × 106 cells per each defect); (3) AD-MSCs (1 × 106 cells) no scaffold material, and (4) blank control. The rabbits were then divided into 3 random groups (of 5) and the treatment outcomes were evaluated at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. New bone formation was histologically assessed. Experimental groups were analyzed by CT scan and real-time PCR. Histological analysis of bone defects treated with collagen/PGA alone exhibited significant fibrous connective tissue formation at the 12 weeks of treatments (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference between collagen/PGA alone and collagen/PGA + AD-MSCs groups. The results were confirmed by CT scan data showing healing percentages of 34.20% for the collage/PGA group alone as compared to the control group and no difference with collagen/PGA containing AD-MSCs (1 × 106 cells). RT-PCR analysis also indicated no significant differences between collagen/PGA and collagen/PGA + AD-MSC groups, although both scaffold containing groups significantly express ALP and SIO rather than groups without scaffolds. Although there was no significant difference between the scaffolds containing cells with non-cellular scaffolds, our results indicated that the Collagen/PGA scaffold itself had a significant effect on wound healing as compared to the control group. Therefore, the collagen/PGA scaffold seems to be a promising candidate for research in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Toosi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- NanoSBY Knowledge Based Corporation, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hojjat Naderi-Meshkin
- NanoSBY Knowledge Based Corporation, Mashhad, Iran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kalalinia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein HosseinKhani
- Innovation Center for Advanced Technology, Matrix, Inc., New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Asieh Heirani-Tabasi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Havakhah
- Physiology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sirous Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Fahimeh Rezaie
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR), Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Peivandi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic and Trauma Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hooman Mesgarani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Behravan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- NanoSBY Knowledge Based Corporation, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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15
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Bothe F, Lotz B, Seebach E, Fischer J, Hesse E, Diederichs S, Richter W. Stimulation of calvarial bone healing with human bone marrow stromal cells versus inhibition with adipose-tissue stromal cells on nanostructured β-TCP-collagen. Acta Biomater 2018; 76:135-145. [PMID: 29933108 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive functional scaffolds are essential for support of cell-based strategies to improve bone regeneration. Adipose-tissue-derived-stromal cells (ASC) are more accessible multipotent cells with faster proliferation than bone-marrow-derived-stromal-cells (BMSC) having potential to replace BMSC for therapeutic stimulation of bone-defect healing. Their osteogenic potential is, however, lower compared to BMSC, a deficit that may be overcome in growth factor-rich orthotopic bone defects with enhanced bone-conductive scaffolds. Objective of this study was to compare the therapeutic potency of human ASC and BMSC for bone regeneration on a novel nanoparticulate β-TCP/collagen-carrier (β-TNC). Cytotoxicity of β-TCP nanoparticles and multilineage differentiation of cells were characterized in vitro. Cell-seeded β-TNC versus cell-free controls were implanted into 4 mm calvarial bone-defects in immunodeficient mice and bone healing was quantified by µCT at 4 and 8 weeks. Tissue-quality and cell-origin were assessed by histology. β-TNC was non-toxic, radiolucent and biocompatible, lent excellent support for human cell persistence and allowed formation of human bone tissue by BMSC but not ASC. Opposite to BMSC, ASC-grafting significantly inhibited calvarial bone healing compared to controls. Bone formation progressed significantly from 4 to 8 weeks only in BMSC and controls yielding 5.6-fold more mineralized tissue in BMSC versus ASC-treated defects. Conclusively, β-TNC was simple to generate, biocompatible, osteoconductive, and stimulated osteogenicity of BMSC to enhance calvarial defect healing while ASC had negative effects. Thus, an orthotopic environment and β-TNC could not compensate for cell-autonomous deficits of ASC which should systematically be considered when choosing the right cell source for tissue engineering-based stimulation of bone regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Bone-marrow-derived-stromal cells (BMSC) implanted on bone replacement materials can support bone defect healing and adipose-tissue-derived-stromal cells (ASC) being more accessible and better proliferating are considered as alternate source. This first standardized comparison of the bone regeneration potency of human ASC and BMSC was performed on a novel nanoparticular β-TCP-enriched collagen-carrier (β-TNC) designed to overcome the known inferior osteogenicity of ASC. β-TNC was non-toxic, biocompatible and osteoconductive supporting human bone formation and defect-closure by BMSC but not ASC. Long-term cell-persistence and the distinct secretome of ASC appear as main reasons why ASC inhibited bone healing opposite to BMSC. Overall, ASC-grafting is at considerable risk of producing negative effects on bone-healing while no such risks are known for BMSC.
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16
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Lai WY, Feng SW, Chan YH, Chang WJ, Wang HT, Huang HM. In Vivo Investigation into Effectiveness of Fe₃O₄/PLLA Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E804. [PMID: 30960729 PMCID: PMC6404065 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were loaded into poly-l-lactide (PLLA) with concentrations of 2% and 5%, respectively, using an electrospinning method. In vivo animal experiments were then performed to evaluate the potential of the Fe₃O₄/PLLA nanofibrous material for bone tissue engineering applications. Bony defects with a diameter of 4 mm were prepared in rabbit tibias. Fe₃O₄/PLLA nanofibers were grafted into the drilled defects and histological examination and computed tomography (CT) image detection were performed after an eight-week healing period. The histological results showed that the artificial bony defects grafted with Fe₃O₄/PLLA nanofibers exhibited a visibly higher bone healing activity than those grafted with neat PLLA. In addition, the quantitative results from CT images revealed that the bony defects grafted with 2% and 5% Fe₃O₄/PLLA nanofibers, respectively, showed 1.9- and 2.3-fold increases in bone volume compared to the control blank sample. Overall, the results suggest that the Fe₃O₄/PLLA nanofibers fabricated in this study may serve as a useful biomaterial for future bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yi Lai
- School of Organic and Polymeric, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Hui Chan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Dental Department, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ta Wang
- School of Organic and Polymeric, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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17
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Tsang EJ, Wu B, Zuk P. MAPK signaling has stage-dependent osteogenic effects on human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:129-146. [PMID: 28398098 PMCID: PMC6200338 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1313248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OVERVIEW The use of pro-osteogenic growth factors, such as BMP2, in human adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) osteogenesis is well described. Because these growth factors work via signal transduction pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a study of the relationship between MAPK signaling and ASC osteogenesis was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS ERK, JNK, and p38MAPK activation were measured in ASCs osteo-induced using either dexamethasone or vitamin D3 and correlated with mineralization. Activation and mineralization were also measured without dexamethasone or using the glucocorticoid, cortisone. The expression of the MAPK phosphatase, MKP1, and its relationship to mineralization was also assessed. The effect of decreasing MAPK activation on mineralization through the use of exogenous inhibitors was examined along with siRNA-knockdown and adenoviral overexpression of ERK1/2. Finally, the effect of ERK1/2 overexpression on ASCs induced on PLGA scaffolds was assessed. RESULTS ASC mineralization in dexamethasone or vitamin D3-induced ASCs correlated with both increased ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activation. ASCs induced without dexamethasone also mineralized, with JNK1/2 signaling possibly mediating this event. No link between cortisone induction and MAPK signaling could be ascertained. ASCs treated with ERK, JNK, or p38MAPK inhibitors showed decreased osteogenic gene expression and diminished mineralization. Mineralization levels were also affected by viruses designed to inhibit or augment ERK1/2 expression and activity. Finally, ASC mineralization appeared to be a balance between the MAPK kinase activity and MKP1. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that MAPK signaling plays a significant role in ASC osteogenesis, affecting differentiation in kinase- and stage-specific manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Tsang
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Zuk
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Strontium Hydroxyapatite scaffolds engineered with stem cells aid osteointegration and osteogenesis in osteoporotic sheep model. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 163:346-354. [PMID: 29331906 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fracture healing is an orthopaedic challenge due to excessive bone resorption and impaired osteogenesis. Majority of current treatment strategies focus on regulating bone resorption and the potential application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in promoting osteogenesis has not been explored much. Furthermore, the present study has put forth a novel approach, wherein the synergistic action of Strontium (Sr) and MSCs in a single implant may facilitate osteoporotic bone healing. Strontium Hydroxyapatite (SrHA) synthesized by wet precipitation was fabricated into tissue engineered Strontium incorporated Hydroxyapatite (cSrHA) using sheep adipose tissue derived MSCs (ADMSCs). Porosity, radiopacity and cytocompatibility of SrHA scaffolds were found appropriate for orthopaedic applications. cSrHA scaffolds exhibited an in vitro Alkaline Phosphatase activity of 20 μmol pnp/30 min comparable to that of Hydroxyapatite (HA) - control scaffold, proving its osteogenic efficacy. Implantation studies in sheep osteoporotic model depicted enhanced osteogenic ability with mature lamellar bone formation in cSrHA implanted group, compared to bare HA, SrHA and tissue engineered HA implanted groups. Histomorphometry data substantiated improved osteogenesis on par with material resorption, as cSrHA implanted group exhibited highest regeneration ratio of 0.38 ± 0.05. Density histograms from micro CT further signified the enhanced osteointegrative ability of cSrHA implants. Results of the study depicted the therapeutic potential of cSrHA in osteoporotic bone healing and proposes the use of allogenic ADMSCs for fabricating "Off the Shelf Tissue Engineered Products".
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19
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Lam J, Lee EJ, Clark EC, Mikos AG. Honing Cell and Tissue Culture Conditions for Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:a025734. [PMID: 28348176 PMCID: PMC5710100 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An avenue of tremendous interest and need in health care encompasses the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Over the years, numerous tissue engineering strategies have contributed substantial progress toward the realization of clinically relevant therapies. Cell and tissue culture protocols, however, show many variations that make experimental results among different publications challenging to compare. This collection surveys prevalent cell sources, soluble factors, culture medium formulations, environmental factors, and genetic modification approaches in the literature. The intent of consolidating this information is to provide a starting resource for scientists considering how to optimize the parameters for cell differentiation and tissue culture procedures within the context of bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Esther J Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Elisa C Clark
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Antonios G Mikos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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20
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Auricular Tissue Engineering Using Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose Stem Cells with Small Intestine Submucosa. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 140:297-305. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000003522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Adipose Derived Stem Cells Conditioned Media in Combination with Bioceramic-Collagen Scaffolds Improved Calvarial Bone Healing in Hypothyroid Rats. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.45516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Zhu ZH, Song WQ, Zhang CQ, Yin JM. Dimethyloxaloylglycine increases bone repair capacity of adipose-derived stem cells in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2843-2850. [PMID: 27882083 PMCID: PMC5103711 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells have been widely studied to promote local bone regeneration of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Previous studies observed that dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) enhanced the angiogenic and osteogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cells by activating the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), thereby improving the bone repair capacity of mesenchymal stem cells. In the present study, it was investigated whether DMOG could increase the bone repair capacity of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in the treatment of ONFH. Western blot analysis was performed to detect HIF-1α protein expression in ASCs treated with different concentrations of DMOG. The results showed DMOG enhanced HIF-1α expression in ASCs in a dose-dependent manner at least for 7 days. Furthermore, DMOG-treated ASCs were transplanted into the necrotic area of a rabbit model of ONFH to treat the disease. Four weeks later, micro-computed tomography (CT) quantitative analysis showed that 58.8±7.4% of the necrotic area was regenerated in the DMOG-treated ASCs transplantation group, 45.5±3.4% in normal ASCs transplantation group, 25.2±2.8% in only core decompression group and 10.6±2.6% in the untreated group. Histological analysis showed that transplantation of DMOG-treated ASCs clearly improved the bone regeneration of the necrotic area compared with the other three groups. Micro-CT and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the revasculation of the necrotic area were also increased significantly in the DMOG-treated ASC group compared with the control groups. Thus, it is hypothesized that DMOG could increase the bone repair capacity of ASCs through enhancing HIF-1α expression in the treatment of ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Qi Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Min Yin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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23
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Shumilova AA, Myltygashev MP, Kirichenko AK, Nikolaeva ED, Volova TG, Shishatskaya EI. Porous 3D implants of degradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate used to enhance regeneration of rat cranial defect. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:566-577. [PMID: 27741556 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The study describes preparation and testing of porous 3D implants of natural degradable polymer of 3-hydroxybutyric acid P(3HB) for regeneration of bone tissue defects. The ability of the P(3HB) implants to favor attachment and facilitate proliferation and directed differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was studied in the culture of MSCs isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Tissue-engineered hybrid systems (grafts) constructed using P(3HB) and P(3HB) in combination with osteoblasts were used in experiments on laboratory animals (n = 48) with bone defect model. The defect model (5 mm in diameter) was created in the rat parietal bone, and filling of the defect by the new bone tissue was monitored in the groups of animals with P(3HB) implants, with commercial material, and without implants (negative control). Computed tomography (CT) and histologic examination showed that after 120 days, in the group with the osteoblast-seeded P(3HB) implants, the defect was completely closed; in the group with the cell-free P(3HB) implants, the remaining defect was no more than 10% of the initial one (0.5 mm); in both the negative and positive controls, the size of the defect was about 1.0-1.2 mm. These results suggest that P(3HB) has good potential as osteoplastic material for reconstructive osteogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 566-577, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Shumilova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk, 660041.,Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036
| | - M P Myltygashev
- V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 1 Partizan Zheleznyak Street, Krasnoyarsk, 660022
| | - A K Kirichenko
- V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 1 Partizan Zheleznyak Street, Krasnoyarsk, 660022
| | - E D Nikolaeva
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk, 660041
| | - T G Volova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk, 660041.,Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036
| | - E I Shishatskaya
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodnyi Avenue, Krasnoyarsk, 660041.,Institute of Biophysics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences. Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036
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24
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Saçak B, Certel F, Akdeniz ZD, Karademir B, Ercan F, Özkan N, Akpinar İN, Çelebiler Ö. Repair of critical size defects using bioactive glass seeded with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:1002-1008. [PMID: 26888652 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive glass has been demonstrated as a biocompatible bone substitute. However bone healing process can be prolonged due to late resorption of the material. Adipose derived stem cells (ASC) have osteogenic differentiation potential and hence can be a cell source for bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to test whether combination of bioactive glass with ASCs would enhance bone regeneration. Following creation of critical sized defects on the calvaria of 32 Wistar rats, the animals were randomly divided into four groups: Group C (control): Defects were left untreated; Group G: Defects were covered with autologous bone graft; Group BG: Defects were filled with bioactive glass; Group BG/ASC: Defects were filled with bioactive glass seeded with ASCs. The defect size was significantly greater in Group C compared to all other groups. Bone density was significantly lower in Group C compared to Group G and Group BG/ASC. Bone regeneration score of Group C was significantly lower than other groups. Group BG/ASC demonstrated lamellar bone and havers canal formation. The results of this study demonstrated that bioactive glass implanted with ASC is a biocompatible construct stimulating radiologically and histologically evident bone regeneration similar to autologous bone grafting. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1002-1008, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Saçak
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Furkan Certel
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Konya Teaching and Research Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep D Akdeniz
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Karademir
- Department of Biochemistry, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feriha Ercan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naziye Özkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İhsan Nuri Akpinar
- Department of Radiology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özhan Çelebiler
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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25
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Strong AL, Hunter RS, Jones RB, Bowles AC, Dutreil MF, Gaupp D, Hayes DJ, Gimble JM, Levi B, McNulty MA, Bunnell BA. Obesity inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. J Transl Med 2016; 14:27. [PMID: 26818763 PMCID: PMC4730660 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Craniomaxillofacial defects secondary to trauma, tumor resection, or congenital malformations are frequent unmet challenges, due to suboptimal alloplastic options and limited autologous tissues such as bone. Significant advances have been made in the application of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) in the pre-clinical and clinical settings as a cell source for tissue engineering approaches. To fully realize the translational potential of ASCs, the identification of optimal donors for ASCs will ensure the successful implementation of these cells for tissue engineering approaches. In the current study, the impact of obesity on the osteogenic differentiation of ASCs was investigated. Methods ASCs isolated from lean donors (body mass index <25; lnASCs) and obese donors (body mass index >30; obASCs) were induced with osteogenic differentiation medium as monolayers in an estrogen-depleted culture system and on three-dimensional scaffolds. Critical size calvarial defects were generated in male nude mice and treated with scaffolds implanted with lnASCs or obASCs. Results lnASCs demonstrated enhanced osteogenic differentiation in monolayer culture system, on three-dimensional scaffolds, and for the treatment of calvarial defects, whereas obASCs were unable to induce similar levels of osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression analysis of lnASCs and obASCs during osteogenic differentiation demonstrated higher levels of osteogenic genes in lnASCs compared to obASCs. Conclusion Collectively, these results indicate that obesity reduces the osteogenic differentiation capacity of ASCs such that they may have a limited suitability as a cell source for tissue engineering. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0776-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Ryan S Hunter
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Robert B Jones
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Maria F Dutreil
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Dina Gaupp
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,LaCell LLC, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Margaret A McNulty
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Rezai-Rad M, Bova JF, Orooji M, Pepping J, Qureshi A, Del Piero F, Hayes D, Yao S. Evaluation of bone regeneration potential of dental follicle stem cells for treatment of craniofacial defects. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1572-81. [PMID: 26342992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Stem cell-based tissue regeneration offers potential for treatment of craniofacial bone defects. The dental follicle, a loose connective tissue surrounding the unerupted tooth, has been shown to contain progenitor/stem cells. Dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) have strong osteogenesis capability, which makes them suitable for repairing skeletal defects. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone regeneration capability of DFSCs loaded into polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold for treatment of craniofacial defects. METHODS DFSCs were isolated from the first mandibular molars of postnatal Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded into the PCL scaffold. Cell attachment and cell viability on the scaffold were examined with the use of scanning electron microscopy and alamar blue reduction assay. For in vivo transplantation, critical-size defects were created on the skulls of 5-month-old immunocompetent rats, and the cell-scaffold constructs were transplanted into the defects. RESULTS Skulls were collected at 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation, and bone regeneration in the defects was evaluated with the use of micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and Alamar blue assay demonstrated attachment and proliferation of DFSCs in the PCL scaffold. Bone regeneration was observed in the defects treated with DFSC transplantation but not in the controls without DFSC transplant. Transplanting DFSC-PCL with or without osteogenic induction before transplantation achieved approximately 50% bone regeneration at 8 weeks. Formation of woven bone was observed in the DFSC-PCL treatment group. Similar results were seen when osteogenic-induced DFSC-PCL was transplanted to the critical-size defects. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that transplantation of DFSCs seeded into PCL scaffolds can be used to repair craniofacial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rezai-Rad
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jonathan F Bova
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mahdi Orooji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer Pepping
- Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ammar Qureshi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Fabio Del Piero
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel Hayes
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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Pei M, Li J, McConda DB, Wen S, Clovis NB, Danley SS. A comparison of tissue engineering based repair of calvarial defects using adipose stem cells from normal and osteoporotic rats. Bone 2015; 78:1-10. [PMID: 25940459 PMCID: PMC4466199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Repairing large bone defects presents a significant challenge, especially in those people who have a limited regenerative capacity such as in osteoporotic (OP) patients. The aim of this study was to compare adipose stem cells (ASCs) from both normal (NORM) and ovariectomized (OVX) rats in osteogenic potential using both in vitro and in vivo models. After successful establishment of a rat OP model, we found that ASCs from OVX rats exhibited a comparable proliferation capacity to those from NORM rats but had significantly higher adipogenic and relatively lower osteogenic potential. Thirty-two weeks post-implantation with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) alone or PLGA seeded with osteogenic-induced ASCs for critical-size calvarial defects, the data from Herovici's collagen staining and micro-computed tomography suggested that the implantation of ASC-PLGA constructs exhibited a higher bone volume density compared to the PLGA alone group, especially in the NORM rat group. Intriguingly, the defects from OVX rats exhibited a higher bone volume density compared to NORM rats, especially for implantation of the PLGA alone group. Our results indicated that ASC based tissue constructs are more beneficial for the repair of calvarial defects in NORM rats while implantation of PLGA scaffold contributed to defect regeneration in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA; Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9227, USA.
| | - Jingting Li
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA; Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9227, USA
| | - David B McConda
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9190, USA
| | - Nina B Clovis
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
| | - Suzanne S Danley
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
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Esfahani M, Karimi F, Afshar S, Niknazar S, Sohrabi S, Najafi R. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors act as agents to enhance the efficiency of cell therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1739-55. [PMID: 26325448 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1084281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In stem cell-based therapy as a subtype of regenerative medicine, stem cells can be used to replace or repair injured tissue and cells in order to treat disease. Stem cells have the ability to integrate into injured areas and produce new cells via processes of proliferation and differentiation. Several studies have demonstrated that hypoxia increases self-renewal, proliferation and post-homing differentiation of stem cells through the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated gene expression. Thus, pharmacological interventions including prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are considered as promising solutions for stem cell-based therapy. PHD inhibitors stabilize the HIF-1 and activate its pathway through preventing proteasomal degradation of HIF-1. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on the role of hypoxia, HIF-1 and especially PHD inhibitors on cell therapy. PHD structure and function are discussed as well as their inhibitors. In addition, we have investigated several preclinical studies in which PHD inhibitors improved the efficiency of cell-based therapies. EXPERT OPINION The data reviewed here suggest that PHD inhibitors are effective operators in improving stem cell therapy. However, because of some limitations, these compounds should be properly examined before clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Esfahani
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Somayeh Niknazar
- b 2 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Hearing Disorders Research Center , Tehran, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sareh Sohrabi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- a 1 Research center for molecular medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences , Hamadan, the Islamic Republic of Iran
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Han DS, Chang HK, Kim KR, Woo SM. Consideration of bone regeneration effect of stem cells: comparison of bone regeneration between bone marrow stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 25:196-201. [PMID: 24406577 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much controversy exists as to how stem cells efficiently differentiate and regenerate. To research how stem cell origin affects optimal differentiation and regeneration, the authors collected stem cells from bone marrow and fat and compared amounts of bone regeneration from both groups of cells. METHODS This study used 16 New Zealand white rabbits raised in similar surroundings and conditions. After collecting stem cells from bone marrow and fat, osteoblast generation was induced. In each rabbit, 2 craniectomies (10 × 10 mm) were made into each rabbit's calvarium, and 0.2 mL (1 × 10(6) cells/mL) of bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived stem cells were transplanted into each defect. After 3 and 5 weeks of transplantation, computed tomography was conducted. After 6 weeks, regenerated bone tissue was collected and measured for volume, and biopsy was performed. RESULTS Both bone marrow- and adipose-derived stem cells were effective in bone regeneration of the defect. Bone marrow stem cells demonstrated greater differentiation into osteoblasts, but there was no difference in the amount of measured regenerated bone volume after 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Adipose-derived stem cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts less often than do bone marrow-derived stem cells. However, the total amount of regenerated bone is almost the same because of the effect of indirect bone regeneration. As adipose-derived stem cells are easily accessible and have the potential to abundantly proliferate into mesenchymal cells, they could be an effective bone regeneration material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seungyoul Han
- From the *Armed Forces Daegu Hospital, Daegu; †Department of Pathology, Kosin University Graduate School, Busan; ‡Department of Orthodontics, Prettymiso Dental Clinics; and §Department of General Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Bigham-Sadegh A, Karimi I, Shadkhast M, Mahdavi MH. Hydroxyapatite and demineralized calf fetal growth plate effects on bone healing in rabbit model. J Orthop Traumatol 2015; 16:141-9. [PMID: 25308902 PMCID: PMC4441635 DOI: 10.1007/s10195-014-0323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and their composite are promising biomaterials, specifically in the orthopedic and dental fields, as their chemical composition is similar to that of bone. Due to the need for safer bone graft applications, these bone graft substitutes are gradually gaining increased acceptability. To stimulate the process of bone healing, several methods have been used previously, including ultrasound, electrical stimulation, exposure to electromagnetic fields, bone grafts, interporous hydroxyapatite (as a bone graft substitute) and bone growth factors. The following study was designed to evaluate the effects of the concurrent usage of hydroxyapatite with demineralized calf fetal growth plate (DCFGP) on the bone healing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen female New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. A mid-radius bone defect was created and in the first group (n = 5) was filled with hydroxyapatite, in the second group (n = 5) with hydroxyapatite and DCFGP, and finally in the third group (n = 5) with DCFGP alone. Radiological and histopathological evaluations were performed blindly and the results scored and analyzed statistically. RESULTS There was a significant difference for bone formation and remodeling at the 8th post-operative week radiographic assessment (P < 0.05), when the hydroxyapatite-DCFGP group was superior to other groups. On the contrary, macroscopical and histopathological evaluation did not revealed significant differences between the three groups CONCLUSION Given the contrasting results of the radiographic assessment and the macro-/microscopic analysis of the healing response, further studies are needed before considering DCFGP-HA as a feasible alternative to HA alone, especially considering the potential hazards and costs of animal-derived biomaterials. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Bigham-Sadegh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran,
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Minteer DM, Young MT, Lin YC, Over PJ, Rubin JP, Gerlach JC, Marra KG. Analysis of type II diabetes mellitus adipose-derived stem cells for tissue engineering applications. J Tissue Eng 2015; 6:2041731415579215. [PMID: 26090087 PMCID: PMC4456321 DOI: 10.1177/2041731415579215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the functionality of diabetic adipose-derived stem cells in tissue engineering applications, adipose-derived stem cells isolated from patients with and without type II diabetes mellitus were cultured in bioreactor culture systems. The adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated into adipocytes and maintained as functional adipocytes. The bioreactor system utilizes a hollow fiber–based technology for three-dimensional perfusion of tissues in vitro, creating a model in which long-term culture of adipocytes is feasible, and providing a potential tool useful for drug discovery. Daily metabolic activity of the adipose-derived stem cells was analyzed within the medium recirculating throughout the bioreactor system. At experiment termination, tissues were extracted from bioreactors for immunohistological analyses in addition to gene and protein expression. Type II diabetic adipose-derived stem cells did not exhibit significantly different glucose consumption compared to adipose-derived stem cells from patients without type II diabetes (p > 0.05, N = 3). Expression of mature adipocyte genes was not significantly different between diabetic/non-diabetic groups (p > 0.05, N = 3). Protein expression of adipose tissue grown within all bioreactors was verified by Western blotting.The results from this small-scale study reveal adipose-derived stem cells from patients with type II diabetes when removed from diabetic environments behave metabolically similar to the same cells of non-diabetic patients when cultured in a three-dimensional perfusion bioreactor, suggesting that glucose transport across the adipocyte cell membrane, the hindrance of which being characteristic of type II diabetes, is dependent on environment. The presented observation describes a tissue-engineered tool for long-term cell culture and, following future adjustments to the culture environment and increased sample sizes, potentially for anti-diabetic drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T Young
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yen-Chih Lin
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Over
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jorg C Gerlach
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA ; Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wen C, Yan H, Fu S, Qian Y, Wang D, Wang C. Allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells regenerate bone in a critical-sized ulna segmental defect. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:1401-9. [PMID: 25819682 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215576298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) with multilineage potential can be induced into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. ASCs as seed cell are widely used in the field of tissue engineering, but most studies either use autologous cells as the source or an immunodeficient animal as the host. In our present study, we explored the feasibility of applying allogeneic ASCs and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds for repairing tubular bone defects without using immunosuppressive therapy. Allogeneic ASCs were expanded and seeded on DBM scaffolds and induced to differentiate along the osteogenic lineage. Eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in this study and bilateral critical-sized defects (8 mm) of the ulna were created and divided into two groups: with ASC-DBM constructs or DBM alone. The systemic immune response and the extent of bone healing were evaluated post-operatively. Twenty-four weeks after implantation, digital radiography (DR) testing showed that new bones had formed in the experimental group. By contrast, no bone tissue formation was observed in the control group. This study demonstrated that allogeneic ASCs could promote bone regeneration and repair tubular bone defects combined with DBM by histologically typical bone without systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congji Wen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China Department of Plastic Surgery, Yancheng First Peoples' Hospital, 16 Yue He Road, People's Republic of China. 224000
| | - Hai Yan
- Department of Orthepedics, Nantong Rich Hospital, No. 2000 Lake Avenue, Nantong, 226010, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibo Fu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunliang Qian
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Danru Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
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Mohanty P, Prasad NKK, Sahoo N, Kumar G, Mohanty D, Sah S. Reforming craniofacial orthodontics via stem cells. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2015; 5:13-8. [PMID: 25767761 PMCID: PMC4355844 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.151966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are the most interesting cells in cell biology. They have the potential to evolve as one of the most powerful technologies in the future. The future refers to an age where it will be used extensively in various fields of medical and dental sciences. Researchers have discovered a number of sources from which stem cells can be derived. Craniofacial problems are very common and occur at all ages. Stem cells can be used therapeutically in almost every field of health science. In fact, many procedures will be reformed after stem cells come into play. This article is an insight into the review of the current researches being carried out on stem cells and its use in the field of orthodontics, which is a specialized branch of dentistry. Although the future is uncertain, there is a great possibility that stem cells will be used extensively in almost all major procedures of orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Mohanty
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - N K K Prasad
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivedita Sahoo
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Debapreeti Mohanty
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sushila Sah
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Shakir S, MacIsaac ZM, Naran S, Smith DM, Bykowski MR, Cray JJ, Craft TK, Wang D, Weiss L, Campbell PG, Mooney MP, Losee JE, Cooper GM. Transforming growth factor beta 1 augments calvarial defect healing and promotes suture regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:939-47. [PMID: 25380311 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repair of complex cranial defects is hindered by a paucity of appropriate donor tissue. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) have been shown separately to induce bone formation through physiologically distinct mechanisms and potentially improve surgical outcome for cranial defect repair by obviating the need for donor tissue. We hypothesize that a combination of BMP2 and TGFβ1 would improve calvarial defect healing by augmenting physiologic osteogenic mechanisms. METHODS/RESULTS Coronal suturectomies (3×15 mm) were performed in 10-day-old New Zealand White rabbits. DermaMatrix™ (3×15mm) patterned with four treatments (vehicle, 350 ng BMP2, 200 ng TGFβ1, or 350 ng BMP2+200 ng TGFβ1) was placed in suturectomy sites and rabbits were euthanized at 6 weeks of age. Two-dimensional (2D) defect healing, bone volume, and bone density were quantified by computed tomography. Regenerated bone was qualitatively assessed histologically. One-way analysis of variance revealed significant group main effects for all bone quantity measures. Analysis revealed significant differences in 2D defect healing, bone volume, and bone density between the control group and all treatment groups, but no significant differences were detected among the three growth factor treatment groups. Qualitatively, TGFβ1 treatment produced bone with morphology most similar to native bone. TGFβ1-regenerated bone contained a suture-like tissue, growing from the lateral edge of the defect margin toward the midline. Unique to the BMP2 treatment group, regenerated bone contained lacunae with chondrocytes, demonstrating the presence of endochondral ossification. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Total healing in BMP2 and TGFβ1 treatment groups is not significantly different. The combination of BMP2+TGFβ1 did not significantly increase bone healing compared with treatment with BMP2 or TGFβ1 alone postoperatively at 4 weeks. We highlight the potential use of TGFβ1 to regenerate calvarial bone and cranial sutures. TGFβ1 therapy significantly augmented bony defect healing at an earlier time point when compared with control, regenerated bone along the native intramembranous ossification pathway, and (unlike BMP2 alone or in combination with TGFβ1) permitted normal suture reformation. We propose a novel method of craniofacial bone regeneration using low-dose, spatially controlled growth factor therapies to minimize potentially harmful effects while maximizing local bioavailability and regenerating native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Shakir
- 1 Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Fat grafting: a citation analysis of the seminal articles. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2015; 3:e295. [PMID: 25674376 PMCID: PMC4323399 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: There has been substantial rise in the volume of published works on fat transfer in the medical literature in the past 25 years, and this is indicative of its growing popularity. However, many unanswered questions remain, and there is no consensus as to the optimum technique. Consequently, the scientific and clinical research on fat grafting continues to increase rapidly. The purpose of our study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the most-cited articles in fat transfer. Methods: Through the Web of Science, all articles relating to fat grafting were identified in the plastic and reconstructive literature. The 100 most-cited articles were identified and analyzed individually. Results: Total citations ranged from 35 to 363 and the most-cited paper by Sidney Coleman was published in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. The United States produced 46% of the most-cited papers, and the University of California was the most prolific institution. Twenty-one articles focused on lipofilling to the face while 14 articles looked at fat grafting to the breast. Conclusions: The scientific relevance of a published work is reflected in the number of citations from peers that it receives. Therefore, the 100 most-cited papers in fat grafting have been the most influential articles on this field, and they are likely to be the ones that are remembered most.
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Dosier CR, Uhrig BA, Willett NJ, Krishnan L, Li MTA, Stevens HY, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD, Guldberg RE. Effect of cell origin and timing of delivery for stem cell-based bone tissue engineering using biologically functionalized hydrogels. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:156-65. [PMID: 25010532 PMCID: PMC4298752 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in bone tissue engineering, the healing of critically sized diaphyseal defects remains a clinical challenge. A stem cell-based approach is an attractive alternative to current treatment techniques. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of adult stem cells to enhance bone formation when co-delivered with the osteoinductive factor bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in a biologically functionalized hydrogel. First, adipose and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs and BMMSCs) were screened for their potential to form bone when delivered in an RGD functionalized alginate hydrogel using a subcutaneous implant model. BMMSCs co-delivered with BMP-2 produced significantly more mineralized tissue compared with either ADSCs co-delivered with BMP-2 or acellular hydrogels containing BMP-2. Next, the ability of BMMSCs to heal a critically sized diaphyseal defect with a nonhealing dose of BMP-2 was tested using the alginate hydrogel as an injectable cell carrier. The effect of timing of therapeutic delivery on bone regeneration was also tested in the diaphyseal model. A 7 day delayed injection of the hydrogel into the defect site resulted in less mineralized tissue formation than immediate delivery of the hydrogel. By 12 weeks, BMMSC-loaded hydrogels produced significantly more bone than acellular constructs regardless of immediate or delayed treatment. For immediate delivery, bridging of defects treated with BMMSC-loaded hydrogels occurred at a rate of 75% compared with a 33% bridging rate for acellular-treated defects. No bridging was observed in any of the delayed delivery samples for any of the groups. Therefore, for this cell-based bone tissue engineering approach, immediate delivery of constructs leads to an overall enhanced healing response compared with delayed delivery techniques. Further, these studies demonstrate that co-delivery of adult stem cells, specifically BMMSCs, with BMP-2 enhances bone regeneration in a critically sized femoral segmental defect compared with acellular hydrogels containing BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Dosier
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brent A. Uhrig
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nick J. Willett
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Laxminarayanan Krishnan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mon-Tzu Alice Li
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hazel Y. Stevens
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- VCU School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
- VCU School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
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Portinho CP, Santos LA, Cerski T, Rivero RC, Collares MVM. Cranial vault reconstruction with bone morphogenetic protein, calcium phosphate, acellular dermal matrix, and calcium alginate in mice. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:622-32. [PMID: 25317993 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-8650201400160001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate experimental cranial vault reconstructions, by combining bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) and different matrices. METHODS Fourty-nine animals were initially included (seven per group). We designed an experimental, open, prospective and comparative study, divided in seven groups: 1 - BMP-2+calcium phosphate (BT); 2 - BMP-2+acellular dermal matrix (BM); 3 - BMP-2+calcium alginate (BA); 4 - TCP; 5 - MDM; 6 - ALG; 7 - Bone autograft (BAG). A bone failure was created in left parietal bone of adult male mice. At the same procedure reconstruction was performed. After five weeks, animals were sacrificed, and reconstruction area was removed to histological analysis. After exclusion due to death or infection, thirty-eight animals were evaluated (BT=5; BM=6; BA=6; TCP=7; MDM=3; ALG=6; BAG=5). RESULTS A higher incidence of infection has occurred in MDM group (57%, P=0.037). In cortical fusion, groups BAG, TCP, and BMP-2+TCP (BT) obtained the best scores, comparing to the others (P=0.00846). In new bone formation, groups BT, BAG, and TCP have presented the best scores (P=0.00835). When neovascularization was considered, best groups were BMP-2+MDM (BM), BMP-2+ALG (BA), TCP, and MDM (P=0.001695). BAG group was the best in bone marrow formation, followed by groups BT and TCP (P=0.008317). CONCLUSIONS Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 increased bone regeneration in experimental skull reconstruction, especially when combined to calcium phosphate. Such association was even comparable to bone autograft, the gold-standard treatment, in some histological criteria.
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Mirsaidi A, Genelin K, Vetsch JR, Stanger S, Theiss F, Lindtner RA, von Rechenberg B, Blauth M, Müller R, Kuhn GA, Hofmann Boss S, Ebner HL, Richards PJ. Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stromal cells in age-related osteoporosis. Biomaterials 2014; 35:7326-35. [PMID: 24933514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are increasingly being used for orthopedic-based tissue engineering approaches due to their ability to readily undergo osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, we used in vitro and in vivo approaches to evaluate the use of ASCs as a treatment strategy for age-related osteoporosis. Molecular, histological and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) based approaches confirmed that ASCs isolated from 18-week-old osteoporotic senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP6) were capable of undergoing osteogenesis when cultured in either silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds or scaffold-free microtissues (ASC-MT). A single intratibial injection of CM-Dil-labeled isogeneic ASCs or ASC-MT into SAMP6 recipients significantly improved trabecular bone quality after 6 weeks in comparison to untreated contralateral bones, as determined by micro-CT. Injected ASCs could be observed in paraffin wax bone sections at 24 h and 6 weeks post treatment and induced a significant increase in several molecular markers of bone turnover. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the osteogenic potential of osteoporotic patient-derived human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) was observed when differentiated in conditioned culture media harvested from osteoporotic patient-derived human ASCs. These findings therefore support the use of ASCs as an autologous cell-based approach for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mirsaidi
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Konstantin Genelin
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jolanda R Vetsch
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Scott Stanger
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Theiss
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, CABMM, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Lindtner
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Michael Blauth
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisela A Kuhn
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hofmann Boss
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes L Ebner
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Sports Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter J Richards
- Bone and Stem Cell Research Group, CABMM, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Physiology and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Oryan A, Bigham-Sadegh A, Abbasi-Teshnizi F. Effects of osteogenic medium on healing of the experimental critical bone defect in a rabbit model. Bone 2014; 63:53-60. [PMID: 24582803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Today, finding an ideal biomaterial to treat the large bone defects, delayed unions and non-unions remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons and researchers. Several studies have been carried out on the subject of bone regeneration, each having its own advantages. At the same time, a variety of disadvantages still remain. The present study has been designed in vivo to evaluate the effects of osteogenic medium on healing of experimental critical bone defect in a rabbit model. Twenty New Zealand albino rabbits, 12 months old, of both sexes, weighing 2.0±0.5 kg were used in this study. An approximately 10mm segmental defect was created in the mid portion of each radius as a critical size bone defect. In the osteogenic medium group (n=5) 1 ml osteogenic medium, in the maintenance medium group (n=5) 1 ml maintenance medium, and in the normal saline group (n=5) 1 ml normal saline were injected in the defected area while the defects of the rabbits of the control group (n=5) were left empty. Radiological evaluation was done on the 1st day and then at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks post injury. Biomechanical and histopathological evaluations were done 8 weeks post injury. The radiological, histological and biomechanical findings of the present study indicated a superior bone healing capability in the osteogenic and maintenance medium groups, by the end of 8 weeks post-surgery, in comparison to the normal saline and control groups. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the osteogenic medium and maintenance medium could promote bone regeneration in long bone defects better than the control group in rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Oryan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Abbasi-Teshnizi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Adipose-derived stromal cells for osteoarticular repair: trophic function versus stem cell activity. Expert Rev Mol Med 2014; 16:e9. [PMID: 24810570 PMCID: PMC4017835 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The identification of multipotent adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) has raised hope that tissue regeneration approaches established with bone-marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) can be reproduced with a cell-type that is far more accessible in large quantities. Recent detailed comparisons, however, revealed subtle functional differences between ASC and BMSC, stressing the concept of a common mesenchymal progenitor existing in a perivascular niche across all tissues. Focussing on bone and cartilage repair, this review summarises recent in vitro and in vivo studies aiming towards tissue regeneration with ASC. Advantages of good accessibility, high yield and superior growth properties are counterbalanced by an inferiority of ASC to form ectopic bone and stimulate long-bone healing along with their less pronounced osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression signature. Hence, particular emphasis is placed on establishing whether stem cell activity of ASC is so far proven and relevant for successful osteochondral regeneration, or whether trophic activity may largely determine therapeutic outcome.
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Yuhasz MM, Koch FP, Kwiatkowski A, Young C, Clune J, Travieso R, Wong K, Van Houten J, Steinbacher DM. Comparing calvarial transport distraction with and without radiation and fat grafting. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:1412-22. [PMID: 24864072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to: a) assess transport distraction to reconstruct cranial defects in radiated and non-radiated fields b) examine adipose grafting's effect on the bony regenerate and overlying wound, and c) elucidate sources of bone formation during transport distraction osteogenesis. Twenty-three male New Zealand white rabbits (3 months; 3.5 kg) were used, 10 non-irradiated and 13 irradiated (17 treatment, 6 control) with a one-time fraction of 35 Gy. A 16 × 16 mm defect was abutted by a 10 × 16 mm transport disc 5 weeks after irradiation, and 11 animals were fat grafted at the distraction site. Latency (1 day), distraction (1.5 mm/day), and consolidation (4 weeks) followed. Fluorochromes were injected subcutaneously and microCT, fluorescence, and histology assessed. In distracted animals without fat grafting, bone density measured 701.87 mgHA/ccm and 2271.95 mgHA/ccm in irradiated and non-irradiated animals. In distracted animals with fat grafting, bone density measured 703.23 mgHA/ccm and 2254.27 mgHA/ccm in irradiated and non-irradiated animals. Fluorescence revealed ossification emanating from the dura, periosteum, and transport segment with decreased formation in irradiated animals. Transport distraction is possible for cranial reconstruction in irradiated fields but short-term osseous fill is significantly diminished. Adipose grafting enhances wound healing in previously irradiated fields but does not enhance ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikell M Yuhasz
- Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Felix P Koch
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Mainz & Research Fellow Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Anna Kwiatkowski
- Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Calvin Young
- Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - James Clune
- Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Rob Travieso
- Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Kenneth Wong
- Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Joshua Van Houten
- Yale Core Center for Musculoskeletal Disorders, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Derek M Steinbacher
- Section of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Director of Craniofacial Program, Yale School of Medicine, United States; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (John Persing, MD, Section Chief), 3rd Floor, Boardman Building, 330 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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Rezanejad H, Soheili ZS, Haddad F, Matin MM, Samiei S, Manafi A, Ahmadieh H. In vitro differentiation of adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural retinal cells through expression of human PAX6 (5a) gene. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 356:65-75. [PMID: 24562376 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The neural retina is subjected to various degenerative conditions. Regenerative stem-cell-based therapy holds great promise for treating severe retinal degeneration diseases, although many drawbacks remain to be overcome. One important problem is to gain authentically differentiated cells for replacement. Paired box 6 protein (5a) (PAX6 (5a)) is a highly conserved master control gene that has an essential role in the development of the vertebrate visual system. Human adipose-tissue-derived stem cell (hADSC) isolation was performed by using fat tissues and was confirmed by the differentiation potential of the cells into adipocytes and osteocytes and by their surface marker profile. The coding region of the human PAX6 (5a) gene isoform was cloned and lentiviral particles were propagated in HEK293T. The differentiation of hADSCs into retinal cells was characterized by morphological characteristics, quantitative real-time reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) for some retinal cell-specific and retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cell-specific markers. hADSCs were successfully isolated. Flow cytometric analysis of surface markers indicated the high purity (~97 %) of isolated hADSCs. After 30 h of post-transduction, cells gradually showed the characteristic morphology of neuronal cells and small axon-like processes emerged. qPCR and ICC confirmed the differentiation of some neural retinal cells and RPE cells. Thus, PAX6 (5a) transcription factor expression, together with medium supplemented with fibronectin, is able to induce the differentiation of hADSCs into retinal progenitors, RPE cells and photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Rezanejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran,
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Ding H, Gao YS, Wang Y, Hu C, Sun Y, Zhang C. Dimethyloxaloylglycine increases the bone healing capacity of adipose-derived stem cells by promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic potential. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:990-1000. [PMID: 24328551 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays an important role in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling during bone regeneration, which can enhance the bone healing capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by improving their osteogenic and angiogenic activities. Previous studies transduced the HIF-1α gene into MSCs with lentivirus vectors to improve their bone healing capacity. However, the risks due to lentivirus vectors, such as tumorigenesis, should be considered before clinical application. Dimethyloxaloylglycine (DMOG) is a cell-permeable prolyl-4-hydroxylase inhibitor, which can activate the expression of HIF-1α in cells at normal oxygen tension. Therefore, DMOG is expected to be an alternative strategy for enhancing HIF-1α expression in cells. In this study, we explored the osteogenic and angiogenic activities of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) treated with different concentrations of DMOG in vitro, and the bone healing capacity of DMOG-treated ASCs combined with hydrogels for treating critical-sized calvarial defects in rats. The results showed that DMOG had no obvious cytotoxic effects on ASCs and could inhibit the death of ASCs induced by serum deprivation. DMOG markedly increased vascular endothelial growth factor production in ASCs in a dose-dependent manner and improved the osteogenic differentiation potential of ASCs by activating the expression of HIF-1α. Rats with critical-sized calvarial defects treated with hydrogels containing DMOG-treated ASCs had more bone regeneration and new vessel formation than the other groups. Therefore, we believe that DMOG enhanced the angiogenic and osteogenic activity of ASCs by activating the expression of HIF-1α, thereby improving the bone healing capacity of ASCs in rat critical-sized calvarial defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, China
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Consideration of bone regeneration effect of stem cells: comparison between adipose-derived stem cells and demineralized bone matrix. J Craniofac Surg 2014; 25:189-95. [PMID: 24406576 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, many studies have sought to address the regeneration of extensive bone defects using stem cells. Here, the authors injected adipose-derived stem cells and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) into areas of bone defect in rabbits and compared their effect on bone regeneration to study the clinical usefulness of stem cells. METHODS This study used 20 male New Zealand white rabbits. Four craniectomies were made in 20 male New Zealand white rabbits' calvaria, and 4 different groups of experimental conditions were applied to each of the 4 cranial defects. To the first group, 0.2 mL of DBX, a commercially available clinical preparation ofDBM, was applied with fibrin glue. To the second group, 0.2 mL of adipose-derived stem cells, with confirmed bone differentiation ability, was applied with fibrin glue. To the third group, 0.1 mL of DBX, 0.1 mL of adipose-derived stem cells, and fibrin glue were applied. The fourth group of defects acted as the control and was left unaltered. After 6 weeks, regenerated bone from each defect site in each rabbit was collected and measured for volume change. Bone regeneration was assessed with three-dimensional skull bone computed tomography and histological analysis. RESULTS Osteoblasts were confirmed in all defect groups after 6 weeks. Overall, bone regeneration was weakest in the control group, whereas other groups of defects showed distinct bone regeneration. In particular, group 3, to which adipose-derived stem cells and DBM were applied, demonstrated the most active regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Both adipose-derived stem cells and DBM demonstrated regeneration effect on cranial defects in rabbits, but it is difficult to conclude which was better, because in each case the amount of regenerated bone was within the margin of error. However, as the most active bone regeneration was observed when both adipose-derived stem cells and DBM were applied together, this combination could be helpful in the correction of extensive bone defects.
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Parizi AM, Oryan A, Shafiei-Sarvestani Z, Bigham-Sadegh A. Effectiveness of synthetic hydroxyapatite versus Persian Gulf coral in an animal model of long bone defect reconstruction. J Orthop Traumatol 2013; 14:259-68. [PMID: 23989855 PMCID: PMC3828488 DOI: 10.1007/s10195-013-0261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a continuing search for bone substitutes to avoid or minimize the need for autogenous bone grafts. Hydroxyapatite, a crystalline phase of calcium phosphate found naturally in bone minerals, has shown tremendous promise as a graft material. Coral is an osteoconductive material used as a bone graft extender. This study examined the effect of hydroxyapatite and Persian Gulf coral on osteogenesis in vivo using a rabbit model of bone healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A critical-size defect of 10 mm elongation was created in the radial diaphysis of 36 rabbits and supplied with either hydroxyapatite or coral or left empty (control group). Radiographs of each forelimb were taken postoperatively on day 1 and then at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postinjury to evaluate bone formation, union, and remodeling of the defect. The operated radiuses were removed on the 56th postoperative day and were grossly and histopathologically evaluated. In addition, biomechanical testing was conducted on the operated and normal forelimbs of half of the animals of each group. RESULTS In radiological evaluation, bone formation and union were significantly superior in the coral and hydroxyapatite groups in comparison with the control group on the 42nd and 56th day postinjury (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences between groups in remodeling criteria at the 56th day postinjury (P > 0.05). In histopathological evaluation, the union scores of the rabbits administered hydroxyapatite or coral were statistically superior to those of the animals of the control group on the 56th day postinjury (P < 0.05). In biomechanical evaluation, the control group showed weakness of biomechanical properties in comparison with the coral and hydroxyapatite groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS According to this study, significant difference was not observed between hydroxyapatite and natural coral and these two materials were significantly better than the control group at 8 weeks postinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Meimandi Parizi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Oryan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Z. Shafiei-Sarvestani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A. Bigham-Sadegh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Mohan BG, Suresh Babu S, Varma HK, John A. In vitro evaluation of bioactive strontium-based ceramic with rabbit adipose-derived stem cells for bone tissue regeneration. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:2831-2844. [PMID: 23990148 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-5018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of bone replacement materials is an important objective in the field of orthopaedic surgery. Due to the drawbacks of treating bone defects with autografts, synthetic bone graft materials have become optional. So in this work, a bone tissue engineering approach with radiopaque bioactive strontium incorporated calcium phosphate was proposed for the preliminary cytocompatibility studies for bone substitutes. Accumulating evidence indicates that strontium containing biomaterials promote enhanced bone repair and radiopacity for easy imaging. Hence, strontium calcium phosphate (SrCaPO4) and hydroxyapatite scaffolds have been investigated for its ability to support and sustain the growth of rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (RADMSCs) in vitro. They were characterized via Micro-CT for pore size distribution. Cells used were isolated from New Zealand White rabbit adipose tissue, characterized by FACS and via differentiation into the osteogenic lineage by alkaline phosphatase, Masson's trichome, Alizarin Red and von Kossa staining on day 28. Material-cell interaction was observed by SEM imaging of cell morphology on contact with material. Live-Dead analysis was done by confocal laser scanning microscopy and cell cluster analysis via μCT. The in vitro biodegradation, elution and nucleation of apatite formation of the material was evaluated using simulated body fluid and phosphate buffered saline in static regime up to 28 days at 37 °C. These results demonstrated that SrCaPO4 is a good candidate for bone tissue engineering applications and with osteogenically-induced RADMSCs, they may serve as potential implants for the repair of critical-sized bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Gopalan Mohan
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695012, India
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The History of Autologous Fat Graft Use for Prevention of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea After Transsphenoidal Approaches. World Neurosurg 2013; 80:554-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Carvalho PP, Leonor IB, Smith BJ, Dias IR, Reis RL, Gimble JM, Gomes ME. Undifferentiated human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells loaded onto wet-spun starch-polycaprolactone scaffolds enhance bone regeneration: nude mice calvarial defect in vivo study. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:3102-11. [PMID: 24123913 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The repair of large bony defects remains challenging in the clinical setting. Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) have been reported to differentiate along different cell lineages, including the osteogenic. The objective of the present study was to assess the bone regeneration potential of undifferentiated hASCs loaded in starch-polycaprolactone (SPCL) scaffolds, in a critical-sized nude mice calvarial defect. Human ASCs were isolated from lipoaspirate of five female donors, cryopreserved, and pooled together. Critical-sized (4 mm) calvarial defects were created in the parietal bone of adult male nude mice. Defects were either left empty, treated with an SPCL scaffold alone, or SPCL scaffold with human ASCs. Histological analysis and Micro-CT imaging of the retrieved implants were performed. Improved new bone deposition and osseointegration was observed in SPCL loaded with hASC engrafted calvarial defects as compared to control groups that showed little healing. Nondifferentiated human ASCs enhance ossification of nonhealing nude mice calvarial defects, and wet-spun SPCL confirmed its suitability for bone tissue engineering. This study supports the potential translation for ASC use in the treatment of human skeletal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P Carvalho
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana; 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables, and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's PT Government Associated Lab, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Kyllönen L, Haimi S, Säkkinen J, Kuokkanen H, Mannerström B, Sándor GKB, Miettinen S. Exogenously added BMP-6, BMP-7 and VEGF may not enhance the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. Growth Factors 2013; 31:141-53. [PMID: 23879371 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2013.817404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the present study bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 alone or in synergy with BMP-7 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were tested with human adipose stem cells (hASCs) seeded on cell culture plastic or 3D bioactive glass. Osteogenic medium (OM) was used as a positive control for osteogenic differentiation. The same growth factor groups were also tested combined with OM. None of the growth factor treatments could enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in 3D- or 2D-culture compared to control or OM. In 3D-culture OM promoted significantly total collagen production, whereas in 2D-culture OM induced high total ALP activity and mineralization compared to control and growth factors groups, but also high cell proliferation. In this study, hASCs did not respond to exogenously added growth although various parameters of the study set-up may have affected these findings contradictory to the previous literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kyllönen
- Adult Stem Cells, Institute of Biomedical Technology, Biokatu, University of Tampereo , Finland
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