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Chen Y, Chen X, Zhou Q. Different effects of a perioperative single dose of dexamethasone on wound healing in mice with or without sepsis. Front Surg 2023; 10:927168. [PMID: 37114154 PMCID: PMC10126451 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.927168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis delays wound healing owing to uncontrolled inflammation. A single perioperative dose of dexamethasone is widely used because of its anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effects of dexamethasone on wound healing in sepsis remain unclear. Methods We discuss the methods to obtain dose curves and explore the safe dosage range for wound healing in mice with or without sepsis. A saline or LPS intraperitoneal injection was applied to C57BL/6 mice. After 24 hours, the mice received a saline or DEX intraperitoneal injection and full-thickness, dorsal wounding operation. Wound healing was observed by image record, immunofluorescence and histological staining. Inflammatory cytokines and M1/M2 macrophages in wounds were determined by ELISA and immunofluorescence, respectively. Results Dose-response curves reflected the safe dosage range of DEX in mice with or without sepsis, from 0.121 to 2.03 mg/kg and from 0 to 0.633 mg/kg, respectively. we found that a single dose of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg, i.p.) promoted wound healing in septic mice, but delayed wound healing in normal mice. In normal mice, dexamethasone delays inflammation, resulting in an insufficient number of macrophages during the healing process. In septic mice, dexamethasone alleviated excessive inflammation and maintained the balance of M1/M2 macrophages in the early and late healing process. Discussion In summary, the safe dosage range of dexamethasone in septic mice is wider than that in normal mice. A single dose of dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) increased wound healing in septic mice, but delayed it in normal mice. Our findings provide helpful suggestions for the rational use of dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoshan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanhong Zhou
- Department of ICU, Affiliated Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence: Quanhong Zhou
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Pérez S, Rius-Pérez S. Macrophage Polarization and Reprogramming in Acute Inflammation: A Redox Perspective. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071394. [PMID: 35883885 PMCID: PMC9311967 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization refers to the process by which macrophages can produce two distinct functional phenotypes: M1 or M2. The balance between both strongly affects the progression of inflammatory disorders. Here, we review how redox signals regulate macrophage polarization and reprogramming during acute inflammation. In M1, macrophages augment NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), synaptotagmin-binding cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein (SYNCRIP), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 increase oxygen and nitrogen reactive species, which triggers inflammatory response, phagocytosis, and cytotoxicity. In M2, macrophages down-regulate NOX2, iNOS, SYNCRIP, and/or up-regulate arginase and superoxide dismutase type 1, counteract oxidative and nitrosative stress, and favor anti-inflammatory and tissue repair responses. M1 and M2 macrophages exhibit different metabolic profiles, which are tightly regulated by redox mechanisms. Oxidative and nitrosative stress sustain the M1 phenotype by activating glycolysis and lipid biosynthesis, but by inhibiting tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic profile is reversed in M2 macrophages because of changes in the redox state. Therefore, new therapies based on redox mechanisms have emerged to treat acute inflammation with positive results, which highlights the relevance of redox signaling as a master regulator of macrophage reprogramming.
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Margraf A, Perretti M. Immune Cell Plasticity in Inflammation: Insights into Description and Regulation of Immune Cell Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111824. [PMID: 35681519 PMCID: PMC9180515 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a life-saving immune reaction occurring in response to invading pathogens. Nonetheless, inflammation can also occur in an uncontrolled, unrestricted manner, leading to chronic disease and organ damage. Mechanisms triggering an inflammatory response, hindering such a response, or leading to its resolution are well-studied but so far insufficiently elucidated with regard to precise therapeutic interventions. Notably, as an immune reaction evolves, requirements and environments for immune cells change, and thus cellular phenotypes adapt and shift, leading to the appearance of distinct cellular subpopulations with new functional features. In this article, we aim to highlight properties of, and overarching regulatory factors involved in, the occurrence of immune cell phenotypes with a special focus on neutrophils, macrophages and platelets. Additionally, we point out implications for both diagnostics and therapeutics in inflammation research.
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Gao Z, Liu Y, Zhang L, Yang Z, Lv L, Wang S, Chen L, Zhou N, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Shi B, Li Y. Nociceptor Neurons are Involved in the Host Response to Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:3337-3353. [PMID: 35702548 PMCID: PMC9188809 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s356960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can evoke a rapid host immune response leading to bladder inflammation and epithelial damage. Neuroimmune interactions are critical for regulating immune function in mucosal tissues. Yet the role of nociceptor neurons in bladder host defense has not been well defined. This study aimed to explore the interaction between nociceptor neurons and bladder immune system during UTIs. Methods In this study, whether uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can directly stimulate nociceptor neurons was detected. Female C57BL/6J mice were treated with high dose of capsaicin, a high-affinity TRPV1 agonist, to ablate nociceptor neurons. Bladder inflammation, barrier epithelial function and bladder immune cell infiltration were assessed after UPEC infection. The level of neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in infected bladder was detected. Furthermore, the effects of CGRP on neutrophils and macrophages were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results We found that UPEC and its pathogenic factor LPS could directly excite nociceptor neurons, releasing CGRP into infected bladder, which suppressed the recruitment of neutrophils, the polarization of macrophages and the killing function of UPEC. Both Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) and BIBN4096 (CGRP antagonism) blocked neuronal inhibition and prevented against UPEC infection. Conclusion The present study showed a novel mechanism by which UPEC stimulated the secretion of CGRP from nociceptor neurons to suppress innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Gao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lekai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zizhuo Yang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linchen Lv
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Benkang Shi; Yan Li, Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Azadpour M, Farajollahi MM, Dariushnejad H, Varzi AM, Varezardi A, Barati M. Effects of synthetic silymarin-PLGA nanoparticles on M2 polarization and inflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated murine peritoneal macrophages. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1446-1454. [PMID: 35096304 PMCID: PMC8769520 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.59312.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Silymarin (SM) is a natural antioxidant compound with good anti-inflammatory effects, but its poor water solubility restricts its usage. Today, nanomaterial compounds (such as PLGA Poly D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) can provide a proper drug delivery system and help improve the accessibility of bioactive compounds to cells and tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) containing SM (SM-PLGA) were synthesized and characterized and their biological effects were evaluated on M2 macrophage polarization to regulate inflammation. SM-PLGA NPs were fabricated by the oil in water emulsion (O/W) method. Macrophages (MQs) were isolated from mouse peritoneum by the cold RPMI lavage protocol. Primary mouse MQ cells were treated by SM and SM-PLGA NPs and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). M2 polarization was evaluated by measurements of cytokine secretion levels (TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL-10), flow cytometry markers (F4/80, CD11b, CD38, and CD206), and the expression of specific proteins (M2 Ym1 and Fizz1). RESULTS SM-PLGA characterization showed that NPs were fabricated in the desired form. SM and SM-PLGA decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL1-β) and increased IL10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. On the other hand, the M2-associated markers and proteins increased following treatment with SM and SM-PLGA. Post-hoc analysis indicated that these changes were more pronounced in the SM-PLGA group. CONCLUSION This study revealed that SM-PLGA could markedly promote M2 polarization, thereby providing a valuable medical approach against sepsis and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Azadpour
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Morad Farajollahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Dariushnejad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Varzi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Amir Varezardi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mitra Barati
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Li ZL, Yang BC, Gao M, Xiao XF, Zhao SP, Liu ZL. Naringin improves sepsis-induced intestinal injury by modulating macrophage polarization via PPARγ/miR-21 axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:502-514. [PMID: 34589273 PMCID: PMC8463290 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Naringin exhibited various pharmacological activities. However, its biological function and underlying mechanism in regulating macrophage polarization remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory network between naringin and macrophage polarization in sepsis-induced intestinal injury. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to establish the animal model of sepsis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and a luciferase reporter assay were used to determine the interplay between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and miR-21 promoter, as well as miR-21 and its target genes. Naringin enhanced the overall survival of septic mice and alleviated the CLP-induced inflammatory response and intestinal damage. This was accompanied by the increased expression of PPARγ in the intestines and the stimulation of ileal macrophages toward the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages, naringin stimulated M2 polarization. Mechanistically, PPARγ inhibition attenuated the promotion of M2 polarization caused by naringin, and the naringin/PPARγ regulatory work was compromised by miR-21 inhibition. The present study suggested that naringin promoted M2 polarization via the PPARγ/miR-21 axis, thus relieving sepsis-induced intestinal injury. This study provides novel insights into the mechanism by which naringin alleviated sepsis-induced intestinal injury through regulation of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ling Li
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Chang Yang
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Fei Xiao
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Ping Zhao
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
| | - Zuo-Liang Liu
- Translational Medicine Center of Sepsis, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, P.R. China
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Xie H, Wu L, Chen X, Gao S, Li H, Yuan Y, Liang J, Wang X, Wang S, Xu C, Chu L, Zhan B, Zhou R, Yang X. Schistosoma japonicum Cystatin Alleviates Sepsis Through Activating Regulatory Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:617461. [PMID: 33718268 PMCID: PMC7943722 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.617461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-organ failure caused by the inflammatory cytokine storm induced by severe infection is the major cause of death for sepsis. Sj-Cys is a cysteine protease inhibitor secreted by Schistosoma japonicum with strong immunomodulatory functions on host immune system. Our previous studies have shown that treatment with Sj-Cys recombinant protein (rSj-Cys) attenuated inflammation caused by sepsis. However, the immunological mechanism underlying the immunomodulation of Sj-Cys for regulating inflammatory diseases is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the effect of Sj-Cys on the macrophage M2 polarization and subsequent therapeutic effect on sepsis. The rSj-Cys was expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris. Incubation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with yeast-expressed rSj-Cys significantly activated the polarization of macrophages to M2 subtype characterized by the expression of F4/80+ CD206+ with the elated secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β. Adoptive transfer of rSj-Cys treated BMDMs to mice with sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) significantly improved their survival rates and the systemic clinical manifestations of sepsis compared with mice receiving non-treated normal BMDMs. The therapeutic effect of Sj-Cys-induced M2 macrophages on sepsis was also reflected by the reduced pathological damages in organs of heart, lung, liver and kidney and reduced serological levels of tissue damage-related ALT, AST, BUN and Cr, associated with downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-6) and upregulated regulatory anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β). Our results demonstrated that Sj-Cys is a strong immunomodulatory protein with anti-inflammatory features through activating M2 macrophage polarization. The findings of this study suggested that Sj-Cys itself or Sj-Cys-induced M2 macrophages could be used as therapeutic agents in the treatment of sepsis or other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xie
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lingqin Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Pediatric, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xingzhi Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shifang Gao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jinbao Liang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Pediatric, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Changyan Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pediatric, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaodi Yang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Basic Medical College, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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8
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Ding H, Li Y, Li X, Liu X, Chen S, Liu M, Zeng H. Treatment with 7% and 10% CO 2 enhanced expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in hypoxic cultures of human whole blood. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520912105. [PMID: 32264730 PMCID: PMC7144675 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520912105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated whether hypercapnia influenced the inflammatory response of hypoxic blood. Methods Human whole blood was cultured with 0.2% oxygen (O2) and treated with 5%, 7%, or 10% carbon dioxide (CO2). Interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 were evaluated in whole blood cultures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and expression levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β were evaluated in THP-1 monocytic cells. Results IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels were higher in the hypoxia + 7% CO2 group than in the hypoxia + 5% CO2 group. The hypoxia + 10% CO2 group had the highest IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, compared with the hypoxia + 7% CO2 and hypoxia + 5% CO2 groups. Expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly negatively correlated with pH levels in the cell culture medium. Treatment with 7% and 10% CO2 increased the production of ROS and the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β in hypoxia-activated THP-1 cells. Conclusions High levels of CO2 treatment increased expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in hypoxic whole blood cultures. High levels of CO2-induced ROS overproduction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes may comprise a target to mitigate the inflammatory response of hypoxic blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Ding
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqiang Liu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Chen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongke Zeng
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Huang XH, Ma Y, Lou H, Chen N, Zhang T, Wu LY, Chen YJ, Zheng MM, Lou YL, Xie DL. The Role of TSC1 in the Macrophages Against Vibrio vulnificus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:596609. [PMID: 33585271 PMCID: PMC7873526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is an estuarine bacterium that is capable of causing rapidly fatal infection in humans. Proper polarization and bactericidal activity of macrophages play essential roles in defending against invading pathogens. How macrophages limit V. vulnificus infection remains not well understood. Here we report that tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) is crucial for the regulation of V. vulnificus-induced macrophage polarization, bacterial clearance, and cell death. Mice with myeloid-specific deletion of TSC1 exhibit a significant reduction of survival time after V. vulnificus infection. V. vulnificus infection induces both M1 and M2 polarization. However, TSC1 deficient macrophages show enhanced M1 response to V. vulnificus infection. Interestedly, the absence of TSC1 in myeloid cells results in impaired bacterial clearance both in vivo and in vitro after V. vulnificus infection. Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity significantly reverses V. vulnificus-induced hypersensitive M1 response and resistant bactericidal activity both in wild-type and TSC1-deficient macrophages. Moreover, V. vulnificus infection causes cell death of macrophages, possibly contributes to defective of bacterial clearance, which also exhibits in a mTORC1-dependent manner. These findings highlight an essential role for the TSC1-mTOR signaling in the regulation of innate immunity against V. vulnificus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Hui Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong Yang People's Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Han Lou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu-Ying Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong-Liang Lou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan-Li Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Wenzhou, China
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10
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β-Lapachone Increases Survival of Septic Mice by Regulating Inflammatory and Oxidative Response. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2020:8820651. [PMID: 33381269 PMCID: PMC7749764 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8820651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by a dysregulated immune response to infection characterized by an early hyperinflammatory and oxidative response followed by a subsequent immunosuppression phase. Although there have been some advances in the treatment of sepsis, mortality rates remain high, urging for the search of new therapies. β-Lapachone (β-Lap) is a natural compound obtained from Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb. with several pharmacological properties including bactericidal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of β-Lap in a mouse sepsis model. To this, we tested two therapeutic protocols in mice submitted to cecal ligation and puncture- (CLP-) induced sepsis. First, we found that in pretreated animals, β-Lap reduced the systemic inflammatory response and improved bacterial clearance and mouse survival. Moreover, β-Lap also decreased lipid peroxidation and increased the total antioxidant capacity in the serum and peritoneal cavity of septic animals. In the model of severe sepsis, the posttreatment with β-Lap was able to increase the survival of animals and maintain the antioxidant defense function. In conclusion, the β-Lap was able to increase the survival of septic animals by a mechanism involving immunomodulatory and antioxidant protective effects.
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11
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is a complex process by which cells within most organ systems remove pathogens and cell debris. Phagocytosis is usually followed by inflammatory pathway activation, which promotes pathogen elimination and inhibits pathogen growth. Delayed pathogen elimination is the first step in sepsis development and a key factor in sepsis resolution. Phagocytosis thus has an important role during sepsis and likely contributes to all of its clinical stages. However, only a few studies have specifically explored and characterized phagocytic activity during sepsis. Here, we describe the phagocytic processes that occur as part of the immune response preceding sepsis onset and identify the elements of phagocytosis that might constitute a predictive marker of sepsis outcomes. First, we detail the key features of phagocytosis, including the main receptors and signaling hallmarks associated with different phagocytic processes. We then discuss how the initial events of phagosome formation and cytoskeletal remodeling might be associated with known sepsis features, such as a cytokine-driven hyperinflammatory response and immunosuppression. Finally, we highlight the unresolved mechanisms of sepsis development and progression and the need for cross-disciplinary approaches to link the clinical complexity of the disease with basic cellular and molecular mechanisms.
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12
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Macrophage Polarization Induced by Probiotic Bacteria: a Concise Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:798-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Li Y, Kong N, Li Z, Tian R, Liu X, Liu G, Wang K, Yang P. Bone marrow macrophage M2 polarization and adipose-derived stem cells osteogenic differentiation synergistically promote rehabilitation of bone damage. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19891-19901. [PMID: 31338874 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
By differentiating into and the balance being regulated between M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) heterogeneous populations, macrophages play critical roles during the host immune response in various physiological contexts in both health and diseases. Besides regulating innate and adaptive immune capacity, macrophages are also decisively involved in tissue homeostasis. However, how resident macrophages are regulated after tissue damages is still far from elucidation. In the present study, we found that adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) apparently promote bone defect rehabilitation in vivo via skewing differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDMs) towards anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. In vitro data demonstrated that although ADSCs have the potential to differentiate to osteoblasts and adipose cells by using standard tissue culture-differentiating conditions, these mesenchymal progenitors are mainly regulated to differentiate into osteoblasts with overexpressed runt-related transcription factor 2, osteoprotegerin, osterix, and downregulated receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in the presence of BMDMs-conditioned medium. Whereas BMDMs are polarized toward M2 macrophages with higher levels of arginase 1 and mannose receptor, but lower levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-α when cocultured with ADSCs. In short, all these findings collectively demonstrated that ADSCs and resident host cells can synergistically contribute to the bony repair through mutual regulation of their differentiation and cytokine secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Ning Kong
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Run Tian
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Guanzhi Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710004, China
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Abstract
Sepsis, the 10th leading cause of death, is the most expensive condition in the United States. The immune response in sepsis transitions from hyperinflammatory to a hypoinflammatory and immunosuppressive phase; individual variations regarding timing and overlap between hyper- and hypoinflammation exist in a number of patients. While one third of the sepsis-related deaths occur during hyperinflammation, majority of the sepsis-mortality occurs during the hypoinflammatory phase. Currently, no phase-specific molecular-based therapies exist to treat sepsis. Coordinated epigenetic and metabolic perturbations orchestrate this shift from hyper- to hypoinflammation in innate immune cells during sepsis. These epigenetic and metabolic changes during sepsis progression and therapeutic opportunities they pose are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidula Vachharajani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Vidula Vachharajani, Critical Care
Medicine/Respiratory Institute, Inflammation and Immunity/Lerner Research
Institute, Cleveland Lerner College of Medicine, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland,
OH, USA.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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15
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Takakura A, Zandi-Nejad K. Lactate-induced activation of HCA2 improves survival in mice with sepsis. FASEB J 2019; 33:7625-7634. [PMID: 30951370 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801982r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by systemic inflammation that is caused by infection and by activation of proinflammatory pathways, resulting in mitochondrial and cellular dysfunction leading to multiorgan failure. Here, we show the following: 1) in peritoneal immune cells, particularly macrophages, from mice that have undergone cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) expression increased in parallel with proinflammatory cytokines; 2) post-CLP survival rates of Hca2-/- knockout mice (n = 22) were lower than those of wild-type (WT) mice (n = 15) (P < 0.011), which is suggestive of a protective role for HCA2 in sepsis; 3) WT mice subjected to CLP-induced sepsis and treated with lactated Ringer's solution (LR, n = 13) survived longer than those treated with normal saline (n = 14; P < 0.027); 4) LR treatment of CLP-induced sepsis reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression in CD11b+F4/80+ macrophages and promoted M2-like polarization; 5) HCA2 was expressed by kidney in the setting of sepsis, but not by normal kidneys; 6) LR administration attenuated sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI), partly restored expression of the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (P < 0.03), and reduced proinflammatory cytokine production (TNF-α, P < 0.04; IL-1β, P < 0.006; IL-6, P < 0.03). Our data suggest that lactate-induced activation of HCA2 during sepsis activates a negative feedback loop to attenuate the inflammatory response. The data further suggest that fluid resuscitation with LR may benefit patients with sepsis, particularly those with sepsis-associated AKI treated with potentially lactate-depleting renal replacement therapies.-Takakura, A., Zandi-Nejad, K. Lactate-induced activation of HCA2 improves survival in mice with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Takakura
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kambiz Zandi-Nejad
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Wang X, Buechler NL, Woodruff AG, Long DL, Zabalawi M, Yoza BK, McCall CE, Vachharajani V. Sirtuins and Immuno-Metabolism of Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092738. [PMID: 30216989 PMCID: PMC6164482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death in non-coronary intensive care units worldwide. During sepsis-associated immune dysfunction, the early/hyper-inflammatory phase transitions to a late/hypo-inflammatory phase as sepsis progresses. The majority of sepsis-related deaths occur during the hypo-inflammatory phase. There are no phase-specific therapies currently available for clinical use in sepsis. Metabolic rewiring directs the transition from hyper-inflammatory to hypo-inflammatory immune responses to protect homeostasis during sepsis inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying this immuno-metabolic network are unclear. Here, we review the roles of NAD+ sensing Sirtuin (SIRT) family members in controlling immunometabolic rewiring during the acute systemic inflammatory response associated with sepsis. We discuss individual contributions among family members SIRT 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 in regulating the metabolic switch between carbohydrate-fueled hyper-inflammation to lipid-fueled hypo-inflammation. We further highlight the role of SIRT1 and SIRT2 as potential "druggable" targets for promoting immunometabolic homeostasis and increasing sepsis survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Nancy L Buechler
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Alan G Woodruff
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - David L Long
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Barbara K Yoza
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Departments of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Charles E McCall
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Vidula Vachharajani
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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17
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Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhang P, Ruan W, Zhang L, Yuan S, Pang T, Jia AQ. Smiglaside A ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating macrophage polarization via AMPK-PPARγ pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:385-395. [PMID: 30195731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages, which have various phenotypes and diverse functions, are becoming the target cells in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of the natural product smiglaside A, a phenylpropanoid glycoside isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Smilax riparia, on macrophage polarization and investigated the underlying mechanisms. We found that smiglaside A promoted M2 polarization and reduced M1 polarization in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and primary mouse peritoneal macrophages. Further mechanistic studies showed that the promoting effect of smiglaside A on M2 polarization was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition or gene silencing of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Moreover, smiglaside A-enhanced PPARγ activity was prevented by the AMPK inhibitor compound C and by an siRNA. These findings indicate that the AMPK-PPARγ pathway is involved in promotion of M2 macrophages by smiglaside A. In a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury, smiglaside A significantly increased the survival rate of LPS-injected mice and ameliorated the LPS-induced inflammatory response and lung damage. In addition, smiglaside A enhanced the protein expression levels of phosphorylated AMPK and PPARγ in the lung and promoted alveolar macrophages to the M2 phenotype in this mouse model. Taken together, our results indicate that smiglaside A can promote macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype via stimulating the AMPK-PPARγ signaling pathway. Our study may provide novel approaches and/or targets for drug development to treat inflammatory diseases such as acute lung injury and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Wenchen Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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18
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Lugo-Villarino G, Troegeler A, Balboa L, Lastrucci C, Duval C, Mercier I, Bénard A, Capilla F, Al Saati T, Poincloux R, Kondova I, Verreck FAW, Cougoule C, Maridonneau-Parini I, Sasiain MDC, Neyrolles O. The C-Type Lectin Receptor DC-SIGN Has an Anti-Inflammatory Role in Human M(IL-4) Macrophages in Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1123. [PMID: 29946317 PMCID: PMC6006465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DC-SIGN (CD209/CLEC4L) is a C-type lectin receptor (CLR) that serves as a reliable cell-surface marker of interleukin 4 (IL-4)-activated human macrophages [M(IL-4)], which historically represent the most studied subset within the M2 spectrum of macrophage activation. Although DC-SIGN plays important roles in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) interactions with dendritic cells, its contribution to the Mtb–macrophage interaction remains poorly understood. Since high levels of IL-4 are correlated with tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility and progression, we investigated the role of DC-SIGN in M(IL-4) macrophages in the TB context. First, we demonstrate that DC-SIGN expression is present both in CD68+ macrophages found in tuberculous pulmonary lesions of non-human primates, and in the CD14+ cell population isolated from pleural effusions obtained from TB patients (TB-PE). Likewise, we show that DC-SIGN expression is accentuated in M(IL-4) macrophages derived from peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes isolated from TB patients, or in macrophages stimulated with acellular TB-PE, arguing for the pertinence of DC-SIGN-expressing macrophages in TB. Second, using a siRNA-mediated gene silencing approach, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of DC-SIGN-depleted M(IL-4) macrophages and revealed the upregulation of pro-inflammatory signals in response to challenge with Mtb, as compared to control cells. This pro-inflammatory gene signature was confirmed by RT-qPCR, cytokine/chemokine-based protein array, and ELISA analyses. We also found that inactivation of DC-SIGN renders M(IL-4) macrophages less permissive to Mtb intracellular growth compared to control cells, despite the equal level of bacteria uptake. Last, at the molecular level, we show that DC-SIGN interferes negatively with the pro-inflammatory response and control of Mtb intracellular growth mediated by another CLR, Dectin-1 (CLEC7A). Collectively, this study highlights a dual role for DC-SIGN as, on the one hand, being a host factor granting advantage for Mtb to parasitize macrophages and, on the other hand, representing a molecular switch to turn off the pro-inflammatory response in these cells to prevent potential immunopathology associated to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino,
| | - Anthony Troegeler
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Balboa
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claire Lastrucci
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carine Duval
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ingrid Mercier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Alan Bénard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Surgery, University, Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Renaud Poincloux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria del Carmen Sasiain
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Toulouse, France
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS “IM–TB/HIV” (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Ahmed A, Dolasia K, Mukhopadhyay S. Mycobacterium tuberculosisPPE18 Protein Reduces Inflammation and Increases Survival in Animal Model of Sepsis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3587-3598. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Cordova ZM, Grönholm A, Kytölä V, Taverniti V, Hämäläinen S, Aittomäki S, Niininen W, Junttila I, Ylipää A, Nykter M, Pesu M. Myeloid cell expressed proprotein convertase FURIN attenuates inflammation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54392-54404. [PMID: 27527873 PMCID: PMC5342350 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The proprotein convertase enzyme FURIN processes immature pro-proteins into functional end- products. FURIN is upregulated in activated immune cells and it regulates T-cell dependent peripheral tolerance and the Th1/Th2 balance. FURIN also promotes the infectivity of pathogens by activating bacterial toxins and by processing viral proteins. Here, we evaluated the role of FURIN in LysM+ myeloid cells in vivo. Mice with a conditional deletion of FURIN in their myeloid cells (LysMCre-fur(fl/fl)) were healthy and showed unchanged proportions of neutrophils and macrophages. Instead, LysMCre-fur(fl/fl) mice had elevated serum IL-1β levels and reduced numbers of splenocytes. An LPS injection resulted in accelerated mortality, elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulated numbers of pro-inflammatory macrophages. A genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed the overexpression of several pro-inflammatory genes in resting FURIN-deficient macrophages. Moreover, FURIN inhibited Nos2 and promoted the expression of Arg1, which implies that FURIN regulates the M1/M2-type macrophage balance. FURIN was required for the normal production of the bioactive TGF-β1 cytokine, but it inhibited the maturation of the inflammation-provoking TACE and Caspase-1 enzymes. In conclusion, FURIN has an anti-inflammatory function in LysM+ myeloid cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzet Martinez Cordova
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Grönholm
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ville Kytölä
- Computational Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Valentina Taverniti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sanna Hämäläinen
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Aittomäki
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Wilhelmiina Niininen
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilkka Junttila
- School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Ylipää
- Computational Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- Computational Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marko Pesu
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology (BioMediTech), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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21
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Cathelicidin-WA polarizes E. coli K88-induced M1 macrophage to M2-like macrophage in RAW264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 54:52-59. [PMID: 29101873 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells - macrophages induced by E. coli K88 will lead to a pro-inflammatory response, which is important in host defense. Cathelicidin-WA (CWA) is an efficient antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and can exert immunomodulatory properties. Many studies have demonstrated that AMP can modulate cellular subsets but whether CWA can regulate macrophage polarization by transferring E. coli K88-induced M1 macrophage towards M2 one that of anti-inflammation remains unclear. In this study, E. coli K88 increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and chemokine CCL3 in RAW264.7 cells with a time-dependent manner, as well as the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). On this basis, CWA significantly decreased the pro-inflammatory molecules but increased the anti-inflammatory mediators interleukin-4, interleukin-10 and other M2-related genes in E. coli K88-induced macrophages. Western blot analysis indicated that CWA suppressed the expression of TLR-4 and the phosphorylation of STAT1 and NF-κB which modulated M1 macrophage while induced the phosphorylation of STAT6 which activated M2 macrophage. Double staining of M1-specific CD86 and M2-specific CD206 also proved the hypothesis. These results suggested that CWA might dampen the inflammation by modulating M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype in E. coli K88-induced macrophages.
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22
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Koscik RJE, Reid G, Kim SO, Li W, Challis JRG, Bocking AD. Effect ofLactobacillus rhamnosusGR-1 Supernatant on Cytokine and Chemokine Output From Human Amnion Cells Treated With Lipoteichoic Acid and Lipopolysaccharide. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:239-245. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117711259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. E. Koscik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Lawson Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sung O. Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John R. G. Challis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan D. Bocking
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Tang H, Liang YB, Chen ZB, Du LL, Zeng LJ, Wu JG, Yang W, Liang HP, Ma ZF. Soluble Egg Antigen Activates M2 Macrophages via the STAT6 and PI3K Pathways, and Schistosoma Japonicum Alternatively Activates Macrophage Polarization to Improve the Survival Rate of Septic Mice. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4230-4239. [PMID: 28419526 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the most challenging health problems worldwide. Our previous study showed that chronic schistosoma japonica (SJ) infection might increase serum anti-inflammatory factors to play a protective role, thus improving the survival rate of septic mice. Further research revealed that SJ infection promoted J774A.1 macrophage differentiation into M2 macrophages; suppressed LPS-induced activation of M1 macrophages; up-regulated CD163, IL-10, and TGF-β1 expression; inhibited TNF-α and iNOS expression; and blocked the effect of LPS-promoted TNF-α and iNOS expression. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of ex vivo programed M2 macrophages significantly increased the survival rate of septic mice. In vitro studies suggested that soluble egg antigen (SEA) from SJ played the same role as worm infection but had no impact on M1 macrophages. SEA reduced LPS-induced TNF-α and iNOS expression, decreased the inhibitory effect of LPS on IL-10 and TGF-β1 expression, increased STAT6 phosphorylation, and up-regulated PI3K and Akt expression but inhibited SOCS1 expression. When PI3K inhibitors were added, SEA-induced expression of CD163, IL-10, and arg1 might be reduced. Therefore, worm infection has a protective effect in septic mice in which SEA may play a key role via the STAT6 and PI3K pathways. This finding may provide a favorable solution for the treatment of sepsis, especially early cases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4230-4239, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yan-Bing Liang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Chen
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lin-Lin Du
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Jin Zeng
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Guo Wu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hua-Ping Liang
- The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhong-Fu Ma
- Department of General Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Li X, Levine H. Bistability of the cytokine-immune cell network in a cancer microenvironment. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa6c07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Expansion of CD11b +Ly-6C + myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) driven by galectin-9 attenuates CVB3-induced myocarditis. Mol Immunol 2017; 83:62-71. [PMID: 28110209 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-9 is known to play a role in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity to ameliorate CVB3-induced myocarditis. In the present study, we found that galectin-9 induced the expansion of CD11b+Ly-6C+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the heart from CVB3-infected mice. Adoptive transfer of CD11b+Ly-6C+ MDSCs significantly alleviated myocarditis accompanied by increased Th2 and Treg frequency and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression in the heart tissue. Moreover, Ly6C+ MDSCs, but not Ly6G+ cells, expressed Arg-1 and NOS2, and suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro in an Arg-1-dependent mechanism; an event that was reversed with treatment of either an Arg-1 inhibitor or addition of excess l-arginine. Furthermore, Ly6C+ MDSCs co-expressed higher levels of F4/80, Tim-3, and IL-4Rα, and had the plasticity to up-regulate NOS2 or Arg-1 in response to IFN-γ or IL-4 treatment. The present results indicate that galectin-9 expands CD11b+Ly-6C+ MDSCs to ameliorate CVB3-induced myocarditis.
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26
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Franken L, Schiwon M, Kurts C. Macrophages: sentinels and regulators of the immune system. Cell Microbiol 2016; 18:475-87. [PMID: 26880038 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The important role of macrophages in host defense against a variety of pathogens has long been recognized and has been documented and reviewed in numerous publications. Recently, it has become clear that tissue macrophages are not entirely derived from monocytes, as has been assumed for a long time, but rather show an ontogenetic dichotomy in most tissues: while part of the tissue macrophages are derived from monocytes, a major subset is prenatally seeded from the yolk sac. The latter subset shows a remarkable longevity and is maintained by self-renewal in the adult animal. This paradigm shift poses interesting questions: are these two macrophage subsets functionally equivalent cells that are recruited into the tissue at different development stages, or are both macrophage subsets discrete cell types with distinct functions, which have to exist side by side? Is the functional specialization that can be observed in most macrophages due to their lineage or due to their anatomical niche? This review will give an overview about what we know of macrophage ontogeny and will discuss the influence of the macrophage lineage and location on their functional specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Franken
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, 53105, Germany
| | - Marzena Schiwon
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, 53105, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, Bonn, 53105, Germany
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27
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Brown AF, Murphy AG, Lalor SJ, Leech JM, O’Keeffe KM, Mac Aogáin M, O’Halloran DP, Lacey KA, Tavakol M, Hearnden CH, Fitzgerald-Hughes D, Humphreys H, Fennell JP, van Wamel WJ, Foster TJ, Geoghegan JA, Lavelle EC, Rogers TR, McLoughlin RM. Memory Th1 Cells Are Protective in Invasive Staphylococcus aureus Infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005226. [PMID: 26539822 PMCID: PMC4634925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of protective immunity to Staphylococcus aureus infection in humans remain elusive. While the importance of cellular immunity has been shown in mice, T cell responses in humans have not been characterised. Using a murine model of recurrent S. aureus peritonitis, we demonstrated that prior exposure to S. aureus enhanced IFNγ responses upon subsequent infection, while adoptive transfer of S. aureus antigen-specific Th1 cells was protective in naïve mice. Translating these findings, we found that S. aureus antigen-specific Th1 cells were also significantly expanded during human S. aureus bloodstream infection (BSI). These Th1 cells were CD45RO+, indicative of a memory phenotype. Thus, exposure to S. aureus induces memory Th1 cells in mice and humans, identifying Th1 cells as potential S. aureus vaccine targets. Consequently, we developed a model vaccine comprising staphylococcal clumping factor A, which we demonstrate to be an effective human T cell antigen, combined with the Th1-driving adjuvant CpG. This novel Th1-inducing vaccine conferred significant protection during S. aureus infection in mice. This study notably advances our understanding of S. aureus cellular immunity, and demonstrates for the first time that a correlate of S. aureus protective immunity identified in mice may be relevant in humans. Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of skin, soft tissue and bone infections and, most seriously, bloodstream infection. When S. aureus does get into the bloodstream, it is more likely to kill than any other bacterial infection, despite all the treatments modern medicine has to offer. It has thus far developed resistance to all antibiotics licensed to treat it. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a vaccine against S. aureus. However, such a vaccine remains elusive. This is largely due to the fact that we have a very limited understanding of how our immune system fights this infection. Here, we examine how certain T cells of the mouse immune system effectively recognise and respond to S. aureus, and show that transferring these cells to other mice improves their ability to clear infection. We then demonstrate that a vaccine which drives these specific T cells also improves clearance of infection. Until recently, it was not known if human T cells could recognise and respond to S. aureus. Here we show, for the first time, that these cells are expanded in patients with S. aureus bloodstream infection, and suggest that they should be targeted in anti-S. aureus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling F. Brown
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alison G. Murphy
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen J. Lalor
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John M. Leech
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate M. O’Keeffe
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dara P. O’Halloran
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keenan A. Lacey
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mehri Tavakol
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claire H. Hearnden
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Hilary Humphreys
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jérôme P. Fennell
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Adelaide Meath & National Children’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Willem J. van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy J. Foster
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joan A. Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ed C. Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas R. Rogers
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel M. McLoughlin
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Xuebijing Injection Promotes M2 Polarization of Macrophages and Improves Survival Rate in Septic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:352642. [PMID: 26064161 PMCID: PMC4441998 DOI: 10.1155/2015/352642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Xuebijing (XBJ) injection, a concoction of several Chinese herbs, has been widely used as an
immunomodulator for the treatment of severe sepsis in China. However, the precise mechanisms
responsible for its efficacy have not been fully elucidated. In our study, we determined the flow
cytometry markers (F4/80, CD11c, and CD206), the levels of secreted cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and
IL-10), and the expression of specific proteins of M2 (Ym1, Fizz1, and Arg1) to assess
macrophage polarization. Treatment with XBJ lowered M1 associated cytokine levels and
increased the level of M2 associated cytokine level. The percentage of M2 phenotype cells of XBJ
group was much higher than that of the control group. Expressions of phosphorylated Janus kinase
1 (JAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) were markedly enhanced
after the administration of XBJ; on the other hand, the M2 associated cytokines and proteins were
decreased following treatment with JAK1 or STAT6 inhibitor. In addition, the treatment of XBJ
significantly improved the survival rate of septic mice. These studies demonstrate that XBJ can
markedly promote M2 polarization and improve the survival rate of septic mice, thereby
contributing to therapeutic effect in the treatment of septic complications.
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Singh P, Dejager L, Amand M, Theatre E, Vandereyken M, Zurashvili T, Singh M, Mack M, Timmermans S, Musumeci L, Dejardin E, Mustelin T, Van Ginderachter JA, Moutschen M, Oury C, Libert C, Rahmouni S. DUSP3 Genetic Deletion Confers M2-like Macrophage-Dependent Tolerance to Septic Shock. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4951-62. [PMID: 25876765 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DUSP3 is a small dual-specificity protein phosphatase with an unknown physiological function. We report that DUSP3 is strongly expressed in human and mouse monocytes and macrophages, and that its deficiency in mice promotes tolerance to LPS-induced endotoxin shock and to polymicrobial septic shock after cecal ligation and puncture. By using adoptive transfer experiments, we demonstrate that resistance to endotoxin is macrophage dependent and transferable, and that this protection is associated with a striking increase of M2-like macrophages in DUSP3(-/-) mice in both the LPS and cecal ligation and puncture models. We show that the altered response of DUSP3(-/-) mice to sepsis is reflected in decreased TNF production and impaired ERK1/2 activation. Our results demonstrate that DUSP3 plays a key and nonredundant role as a regulator of innate immune responses by mechanisms involving the control of ERK1/2 activation, TNF secretion, and macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Singh
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Lien Dejager
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Amand
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Emilie Theatre
- Laboratory of Animal Genomics, GIGA-Genetics Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maud Vandereyken
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tinatin Zurashvili
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maneesh Singh
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steven Timmermans
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lucia Musumeci
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Dejardin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Signal Transduction, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Signal Transduction Program, Sanford-Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, GIGA-Cardiovascular Sciences Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Souad Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction Unit, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
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D'Elia RV, Laws TR, Núñez A, Taylor C, Clark GC. Delayed presence of alternatively activated macrophages during a Francisella tularensis infection. Microb Pathog 2015; 78:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Hemophagocytes are cells of the monocyte lineage that have engulfed erythrocytes and leukocytes. Hemophagocytes frequently accumulate in patients with severe acute bacterial infections, such as those caused by Salmonella enterica, Brucella abortus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The relationship between hemophagocytosis and infection is not well understood. In the murine liver, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium resides within hemophagocytic macrophages containing leukocytes. Here we show that S. Typhimurium also resides within hemophagocytes containing erythrocytes. In cell culture, S. Typhimurium benefits from residence within hemophagocytes by accessing iron, but why macrophages hemophagocytose is unknown. We show that treatment of macrophages with a cocktail of the proinflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates engulfment of nonsenescent erythrocytes. Exposure of resting or IFN-γ-treated macrophages to live, but not to heat-killed, S. Typhimurium cells also stimulates erythrocyte engulfment. Single-cell analyses show that S. Typhimurium-infected macrophages are more likely to erythrophagocytose and that infected macrophages engulf more erythrocytes than uninfected macrophages within the same culture well. In addition, macrophages containing erythrocytes harbor more bacteria. However, S. Typhimurium does not promote macrophage engulfment of polystyrene beads, suggesting a role for a ligand on the target cell. Finally, neither of the two S. Typhimurium type 3 secretion systems, T3SS1 or T3SS2, is fully required for hemophagocytosis. These results indicate that infection of macrophages with live S. Typhimurium cells stimulates hemophagocytosis. Macrophages are white blood cells (leukocytes) that engulf and destroy pathogens. Hemophagocytes, a subset of macrophages, are characteristic of severe acute infection in patients with, for instance, typhoid fever, brucellosis, tuberculosis, and leishmaniasis. Each of these diseases has the potential to become chronic. Hemophagocytes (blood-eating cells) engulf and degrade red and white blood cells for unknown reasons. The bacterial pathogen Salmonella acquires the essential nutrient iron from murine hemophagocytes. We report that Salmonella stimulates macrophages to engulf blood cells, indicating that cells of this bacterium actively promote the formation of a specialized cellular niche in which they can acquire nutrients, evade killing by the host immune system, and potentially transition to chronic infection.
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CD206+ cell number differentiates influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 from seasonal influenza A virus in fatal cases. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:921054. [PMID: 25614715 PMCID: PMC4295401 DOI: 10.1155/2014/921054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, a new influenza A (H1N1) virus affected many persons around the world. There is an urgent need for finding biomarkers to distinguish between influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza virus. We investigated these possible biomarkers in the lung of fatal cases of confirmed influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Cytokines (inflammatory and anti-inflammatory) and cellular markers (macrophages and lymphocytes subpopulation markers) were analyzed in lung tissue from both influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza virus. High levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α positive cells were identical in lung tissue from the influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal cases when compared with healthy lung tissue (P < 0.05). Increased IL-4+ cells, and CD4+ and CD14+ cells were also found in high levels in both influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza virus (P < 0.05). Low levels of CD206+ cells (marker of alternatively activated macrophages marker in lung) were found in influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 when compared with seasonal influenza virus (P < 0.05), and the ratio of CD206/CD14+ cells was 2.5-fold higher in seasonal and noninfluenza group compared with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, CD206+ cells differentiate between influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and seasonal influenza virus in lung tissue of fatal cases.
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Feng L, Song P, Zhou H, Li A, Ma Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Xu G, Zhou Y, Wu X, Shen Y, Sun Y, Wu X, Xu Q. Pentamethoxyflavanone regulates macrophage polarization and ameliorates sepsis in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 89:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kutsukake M, Matsutani T, Tamura K, Matsuda A, Kobayashi M, Tachikawa E, Uchida E. Pioglitazone attenuates lung injury by modulating adipose inflammation. J Surg Res 2014; 189:295-303. [PMID: 24713471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pioglitazone modulates adipocyte differentiation and enhances adiponectin promoter activity to increase plasma adiponectin levels. We investigated the effects of pioglitazone on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced visceral-adipose-tissue inflammation and lung injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight-wk-old male mice were assigned to three groups: (1) a sham-operated control group, (2) a CLP group, and (3) a pioglitazone-treated CLP group. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 d. Serum, lung, and visceral adipose tissue were collected 24 h after surgery. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels in peritoneal lavage fluid were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and TNF-α and interleukin 6 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels in visceral adipose tissue were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Lung tissue specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling method was used to evaluate tissue damage. RESULTS TNF-α levels in peritoneal lavage fluid were significantly higher in the CLP group than in the sham group. TNF-α levels in the pioglitazone-treated CLP group were significantly lower than those in the CLP group. TNF-α and interleukin 6 mRNA expression levels of visceral adipose tissue were significantly higher in the CLP group than in the sham group. Pioglitazone treatment decreased the mRNA expression levels of these cytokines compared with the respective values in the CLP group. Histopathologic analysis of lung tissue revealed significantly increased numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated nick-end labeling-positive cells in the CLP group compared with the sham group. CONCLUSIONS Pioglitazone effectively prevents lung injury caused by CLP-induced sepsis by maintaining the anti-inflammatory status of visceral adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Kutsukake
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsutani
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Tamura
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihisa Matsuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tachikawa
- Department of Endocrine Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhao T, Li Y, Liu B, Halaweish I, Mazitschek R, Alam HB. Selective inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 alters the composition of circulating blood cells in a lethal septic model. J Surg Res 2014; 190:647-54. [PMID: 24613069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phagocytes, especially monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, play a pivotal role in the innate and adaptive immune responses during sepsis. We have shown that inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 improves survival and increases bacterial clearance in a mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). The aim of this study was to determine whether this effect was associated with changes in the number and composition of different blood cell types in the circulation. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were subjected to CLP, and 1 h later given an intraperitoneal injection of either Tubastatin A dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, or dimethyl sulfoxide only. Sham-operated animals were treated in an identical fashion but not subjected to CLP. Forty-eight hours later, peripheral blood was obtained via cardiac puncture and analyzed using a HemaTrue veterinary hematology analyzer. RESULTS Tubastatin A administration increased the number of circulating monocytes in the sham-operated and the CLP animals. In comparison with the sham, CLP animals displayed an increase in the granulocyte percentage in white blood cells and decrease in the lymphocyte number and percentage, with a resultant increase in the granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio. Treatment of CLP animals with Tubastatin A decreased the granulocyte percentage and restored the lymphocyte number and percentage, which decreased the granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio. In the sham animals, Tubastatin A increased red blood cell number, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. This effect was not seen in CLP animals. CONCLUSIONS Tubastatin A treatment has significant impact on the composition of circulating blood cells. It increases the number of circulating monocytes and the red blood cell mass in sham-operated animals. In the CLP animals, it increases the monocyte count, decreases the percentage of granulocytes, restores the lymphocyte population, and decreases the granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio. These results may explain why Tubastatin A treatment improves survival in the septic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Baoling Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ihab Halaweish
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Chemical Biology Program, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Hasan B Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Rom S, Zuluaga-Ramirez V, Dykstra H, Reichenbach NL, Pacher P, Persidsky Y. Selective activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 in leukocytes suppresses their engagement of the brain endothelium and protects the blood-brain barrier. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:1548-1558. [PMID: 24055259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is highly expressed in immune cells and stimulation decreases inflammatory responses. We tested the idea that selective CB2 activation in human monocytes suppresses their ability to engage the brain endothelium and migrate across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), preventing consequent injury. Intravital videomicroscopy was used to quantify adhesion of leukocytes to cortical vessels in lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation, after injection of ex vivo CB2-activated leukocytes into mice; CB2 agonists markedly decreased adhesion of ex vivo labeled cells in vivo. In an in vitro BBB model, CB2 activation in monocytes largely attenuated adhesion to and migration across monolayers of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells and diminished BBB damage. CB2 stimulation in monocytes down-regulated active forms of integrins, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), and very late antigen 4 (VLA-4). Cells treated with CB2 agonists exhibited increased phosphorylation levels of inhibitory sites of the actin-binding proteins cofilin and VASP, which are upstream regulators of conformational integrin changes. Up-regulated by relevant stimuli, Rac1 and RhoA were suppressed by CB2 agonists in monocytes. CB2 stimulation decreased formation of lamellipodia, which play a key role in monocyte migration. These results indicate that selective CB2 activation in leukocytes decreases key steps in monocyte-BBB engagement, thus suppressing inflammatory leukocyte responses and preventing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Rom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Viviana Zuluaga-Ramirez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Holly Dykstra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nancy L Reichenbach
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Pal Pacher
- Section on Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Sakaki H, Tsukimoto M, Harada H, Moriyama Y, Kojima S. Autocrine regulation of macrophage activation via exocytosis of ATP and activation of P2Y11 receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59778. [PMID: 23577075 PMCID: PMC3618444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate macrophage activation to establish novel therapies for inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis; a systemic inflammatory response syndrome generally caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we investigated the involvement of extracellular ATP-mediated autocrine signaling in LPS-induced macrophage activation. We show here that ATP release via exocytosis, followed by activation of P2Y11 receptor, is a major pathway of the macrophage activation, leading to release of cytokines. Treatment of human monocyte THP-1 cells with LPS induced rapid ATP release from cells, and this release was blocked by knockdown of SLC17A9 (vesicular nucleotide transporter, VNUT), which is responsible for exocytosis of ATP. ATP-enriched vesicles were found in cytosol of THP-1 cells. These data suggest the involvement of vesicular exocytosis in the release of ATP. Knockdown of SLC17A9, the P2Y11 antagonist NF157 or knockdown of P2Y11 receptor significantly suppressed both M1-type polarization and IL-6 production in THP-1 cells, indicating an important role of activation of P2Y11 receptor by released ATP in macrophage activation. Next, the effect of NF157 on LPS-induced immune activation was examined in vivo. Administration of LPS to mice caused increase of serum IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-alpha levels at 3–24 h after the administration. Pre-treatment of LPS-treated mice with NF157 suppressed both elevation of proinflammatory cytokines in serum and M1 polarization of peritoneal/spleen macrophages. Moreover, post-treatment with NF157 at 30 min after administration of LPS also suppressed the elevation of serum cytokines levels. We conclude that vesicular exocytosis of ATP and autocrine, positive feedback through P2Y11 receptors is required for the effective activation of macrophages. Consequently, P2Y11 receptor antagonists may be drug candidates for treatment of inflammatory diseases such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sakaki
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi Chiba, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tsukimoto
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hitoshi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka-shi, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Moriyama
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuji Kojima
- Department of Radiation Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi Chiba, Japan
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Bosnar M, Dominis-Kramarić M, Nujić K, Stupin Polančec D, Marjanović N, Glojnarić I, Eraković Haber V. Immunomodulatory effects of azithromycin on the establishment of lipopolysaccharide tolerance in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:498-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Song Y, Dou H, Gong W, Liu X, Yu Z, Li E, Tan R, Hou Y. Bis-N-norgliovictin, a small-molecule compound from marine fungus, inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages and improves survival in sepsis. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 705:49-60. [PMID: 23438875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a highly lethal disorder characterized by systemic inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in macrophages plays a crucial role in modulating innate immune response and outcome of sepsis. During the screening of natural products against inflammation, we identified bis-N-norgliovictin, a small-molecule compound isolated from marine-derived fungus, significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS, ligand of TLR4)-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in RAW264.7 cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of bis-N-norgliovictin on TLR4-mediated inflammation in mouse macrophages and LPS-induced sepsis model. In RAW264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophages, bis-N-norgliovictin dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-β (IFN-β) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), but without suppressing cell viability. The anti-inflammatory effect was attributed to the down-regulation of TLR4-triggered myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88)-dependent and TIR-containing adapter inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent signaling pathways, including p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) cascades. Importantly, bis-N-norgliovictin also protected mice against LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Intravenous injection of bis-N-norgliovictin 1h before LPS challenge dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced increases in serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and IL-10, attenuated liver and lung injury and diminished M1 macrophage polarization in liver. Our results demonstrate that bis-N-norgliovictin exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggest that bis-N-norgliovictin can be a useful therapeutic candidate for the treatment of sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Song
- Immunology and Reproductive Biology Lab & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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40
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Liu G, Yang H. Modulation of macrophage activation and programming in immunity. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:502-12. [PMID: 22777800 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are central mediators of the immune, contributing both to the initiation and the resolution of inflammation. The concept of macrophage activation and program has stimulated interest in its definition, and functional significance in homeostasis and diseases. It has been known that macrophages could be differently activated and programmed into different functional subtypes in response to different types of antigen stumuli or different kinds of cytokines present in the microenvironment and could thus profoundly influence immune responses, but little is known about the state and exact regulatory mechanism of macrophage activation and program from cell or molecular signaling level in immunity. In this review, we summarize the recent finding regarding the regulatory mechanism of macrophage activation and program toward M1 and M2, especially on M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Liu
- Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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41
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TAp73 is required for macrophage-mediated innate immunity and the resolution of inflammatory responses. Cell Death Differ 2012; 20:293-301. [PMID: 22976836 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiple isoforms of p73, a member of the p53 family, share the ability to modulate p53 activities but also have unique properties, leading to a complex and poorly understood functional network. In vivo, p73 isoforms have been implicated in tumor suppression (TAp73(-/-) mice), DNA damage (ΔNp73(-/-) mice) and development (p73(-/-) mice). In this study, we investigated whether TAp73 contributes to innate immunity and septic shock. In response to a lethal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, TAp73(-/-) mice showed higher blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines and greater mortality than their wild-type littermates. In vitro, TAp73(-/-) macrophages exhibited elevated production of tumor necrosis factor alpha , interleukin-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 as well as prolonged survival, decreased phagocytosis and increased major histocompatibility complex class II expression. Mice depleted of endogenous macrophages and reconstituted with TAp73(-/-) macrophages showed increased sensitivity to LPS challenge. These results suggest that macrophage polarization is altered in the absence of TAp73 such that maintenance of the M1 effector phenotype is prolonged at the expense of the M2 phenotype, thus impairing resolution of the inflammatory response. Our data indicate that TAp73 has a role in macrophage polarization and innate immunity, enhancing the action field of this important regulatory molecule.
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42
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Macaubas C, Nguyen KD, Peck A, Buckingham J, Deshpande C, Wong E, Alexander HC, Chang SY, Begovich A, Sun Y, Park JL, Pan KH, Lin R, Lih CJ, Augustine EM, Phillips C, Hadjinicolaou AV, Lee T, Mellins ED. Alternative activation in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis monocytes. Clin Immunol 2011; 142:362-72. [PMID: 22281427 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a chronic autoinflammatory condition. The association with macrophage activation syndrome, and the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting monocyte-derived cytokines, has implicated these cells in SJIA pathogenesis. To characterize the activation state (classical/M1 vs. alternative/M2) of SJIA monocytes, we immunophenotyped monocytes using several approaches. Monocyte transcripts were analyzed by microarray and quantitative PCR. Surface proteins were measured at the single cell level using flow cytometry. Cytokine production was evaluated by intracellular staining and ELISA. CD14(++)CD16(-) and CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte subsets are activated in SJIA. A mixed M1/M2 activation phenotype is apparent at the single cell level, especially during flare. Consistent with an M2 phenotype, SJIA monocytes produce IL-1β after LPS exposure, but do not secrete it. Despite the inflammatory nature of active SJIA, circulating monocytes demonstrate significant anti-inflammatory features. The persistence of some of these phenotypes during clinically inactive disease argues that this state reflects compensated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Macaubas
- Department of Pediatrics, Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Zhang Z, Song L, Maurer K, Bagashev A, Sullivan KE. Monocyte polarization: the relationship of genome-wide changes in H4 acetylation with polarization. Genes Immun 2011; 12:445-56. [PMID: 21451557 PMCID: PMC3757344 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2011.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The character of monocytes is both molded by and contributes to ongoing immune responses. We hypothesized that monocyte polarization could have durable qualities and these would be mediated partly by changes in the chromatin. We defined genome-wide expression and histone H4 acetylation (H4ac) changes after γ-interferon (IFN), α-IFN and interleukin-4 treatment. To identify genes with altered potential for expression, we stimulated polarized monocytes and identified genes up- or downregulated after polarization and stimulation but not either treatment alone. We also defined durability after an 18-h or 3-day washout. Genes uniquely regulated after the combination of polarization and stimulus were durably altered, with 51% of the effects being durable. This gene set was highly enriched for cytokine-induced alterations in H4ac, with P-values ranging from 10(-24) to 10(-37). Certain regulons defined by patterns of expression were also associated with altered H4ac, with P-values ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-29). Networking software revealed a high density of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase nodes in these clusters. Therefore, some changes in monocyte gene expression were sustained over a 3-day period. These durably altered gene sets were enriched for changes in H4ac and were associated with potential MAP kinase effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Song
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K Maurer
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Bagashev
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - KE Sullivan
- Division of Allergy Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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44
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Baker AK, Wang R, Mackman N, Luyendyk JP. Rapamycin enhances LPS induction of tissue factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in macrophages by reducing IL-10 expression. Mol Immunol 2009; 46:2249-55. [PMID: 19447494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces monocytes/macrophages to express proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor (TF), the primary activator of the coagulation cascade. Anti-inflammatory signaling pathways including the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway inhibit proinflammatory and TF gene expression in macrophages. We determined the role of Akt, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and interleukin-10 in the inhibition of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine and TF gene expression in peritoneal macrophages (PMs). We used wild type (WT) peritoneal macrophages (PMs), and PMs from PTEN(flox/flox)/LysMCre mice (PTEN(-/-) PMs), which have increased Akt activity. Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin inhibited LPS induction of IL-10 mRNA and protein, and enhanced the expression of TF and the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha in WT PMs. Furthermore, neutralizing IL-10 with anti-IL-10 antibody enhanced LPS induction of TNFalpha and TF expression in WT PMs. The addition of recombinant IL-10 abolished rapamycin enhancement of LPS-induced TNFalpha and TF expression in WT PMs. Consistent with enhanced Akt activation, LPS-induced IL-10 expression was increased in PTEN(-/-) PMs compared to WT PMs. In contrast, LPS-induced TNFalpha and TF expression was significantly reduced in PTEN(-/-) PMs compared to WT PMs. However, the neutralizing IL-10 antibody did not completely prevent inhibition of LPS-induced TNFalpha and TF expression in PTEN(-/-) PMs. The results indicate that mTOR dependent IL-10 expression leads to inhibition of LPS induction of TF and the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha in WT macrophages. In contrast, the decrease in LPS-induced TNFalpha and TF expression in PTEN(-/-) PMs also requires an IL-10-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson K Baker
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS-1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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45
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Riordan NH, Ichim TE, Min WP, Wang H, Solano F, Lara F, Alfaro M, Rodriguez JP, Harman RJ, Patel AN, Murphy MP, Lee RR, Minev B. Non-expanded adipose stromal vascular fraction cell therapy for multiple sclerosis. J Transl Med 2009; 7:29. [PMID: 19393041 PMCID: PMC2679713 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-7-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue is known to contain mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), T regulatory cells, endothelial precursor cells, preadipocytes, as well as anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Safety of autologous adipose tissue implantation is supported by extensive use of this procedure in cosmetic surgery, as well as by ongoing studies using in vitro expanded adipose derived MSC. Equine and canine studies demonstrating anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of non-expanded SVF cells have yielded promising results. Although non-expanded SVF cells have been used successfully in accelerating healing of Crohn's fistulas, to our knowledge clinical use of these cells for systemic immune modulation has not been reported. In this communication we discuss the rationale for use of autologous SVF in treatment of multiple sclerosis and describe our experiences with three patients. Based on this rationale and initial experiences, we propose controlled trials of autologous SVF in various inflammatory conditions.
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46
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Benoit M, Desnues B, Mege JL. Macrophage polarization in bacterial infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:3733-9. [PMID: 18768823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 942] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Converging studies have shown that M1 and M2 macrophages are functionally polarized in response to microorganisms and host mediators. Gene expression profiling of macrophages reveals that various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria induce the transcriptional activity of a "common host response," which includes genes belonging to the M1 program. However, excessive or prolonged M1 polarization can lead to tissue injury and contribute to pathogenesis. The so-called M2 macrophages play a critical role in the resolution of inflammation by producing anti-inflammatory mediators. These M2 cells cover a continuum of cells with different phenotypic and functional properties. In addition, some bacterial pathogens induce specific M2 programs in macrophages. In this review, we discuss the relevance of macrophage polarization in three domains of infectious diseases: resistance to infection, infectious pathogenesis, and chronic evolution of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Benoit
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6236, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 48, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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What differentiates normal lung repair and fibrosis? Inflammation, resolution of repair, and fibrosis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5:305-10. [PMID: 18403324 DOI: 10.1513/pats.200710-160dr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been ongoing controversy related to what differentiates normal lung repair and fibrosis. For example, the current prevailing concept has been that idiopathic forms of pulmonary fibrosis are due only to epithelial injury in response to some unknown cause that results in persistent evolving fibrosis without preceding inflammation. This concept would suggest that the lung responds to injury in a different manner than other organs, such as the liver, kidney, and heart. However, that would seem to contradict known established pathological concepts. To address this controversy, concepts were presented as follows: (1) loss of basement membrane integrity is critical in determining the "point of no return," and contributes to the inability to reestablish normal lung architecture with promotion of fibrosis; (2) loss of epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and basement membrane integrity in usual interstitial pneumonia associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis leads to destroyed lung architecture and perpetual fibrosis; (3) transforming growth factor-beta is necessary, but not entirely sufficient, to promote permanent fibrosis; (4) persistent injury/antigen/irritant is critical for the propagation of fibrosis; (5) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an example of a process related to the persistence of an "antigen(s)," chronic inflammation, and fibrosis; and (6) unique cells are critical cellular players in the regulation of fibrosis. In keeping with the theme of the Aspen Lung Conference, it is hoped that more questions are raised than answered in this presentation, in support of the continued need for research in this area to address these important concepts.
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48
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Chan G, Bivins-Smith ER, Smith MS, Smith PM, Yurochko AD. Transcriptome analysis reveals human cytomegalovirus reprograms monocyte differentiation toward an M1 macrophage. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2008; 181:698-711. [PMID: 18566437 PMCID: PMC2614917 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are primary targets for human CMV (HCMV) infection and are proposed to be responsible for hematogenous dissemination of the virus. Monocytes acquire different functional traits during polarization to the classical proinflammatory M1 macrophage or the alternative antiinflammatory M2 macrophage. We hypothesized that HCMV induced a proinflammatory M1 macrophage following infection to promote viral dissemination because, biologically, a proinflammatory state provides the tools to drive infected monocytes from the blood into the tissue. To test this hypothesis of monocyte conversion from a normal quiescent phenotype to an inflammatory phenotype, we used Affymetrix Microarray to acquire a transcriptional profile of infected monocytes at a time point our data emphasized is a key temporal regulatory point following infection. We found that HCMV significantly up-regulated 583 (5.2%) of the total genes and down-regulated 621 (5.5%) of the total genes>or=1.5-fold at 4 h postinfection. Further ontology analysis revealed that genes implicated in classical M1 macrophage activation were stimulated by HCMV infection. We found that 65% of genes strictly associated with M1 polarization were up-regulated, while only 4% of genes solely associated with M2 polarization were up-regulated. Analysis of the monocyte chemokinome at the transcriptional level showed that 44% of M1 and 33% of M2 macrophage chemokines were up-regulated. Proteomic analysis using chemokine Ab arrays confirmed the secretion of these chemotactic proteins from HCMV-infected monocytes. Overall, the results identify that the HCMV-infected monocyte transcriptome displayed a unique M1/M2 polarization signature that was skewed toward the classical M1 activation phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Molecular and Tumor Virology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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Zhu B, Bando Y, Xiao S, Yang K, Anderson AC, Kuchroo VK, Khoury SJ. CD11b+Ly-6C(hi) suppressive monocytes in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:5228-37. [PMID: 17911608 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune cells may regulate adaptive immunity by balancing different lineages of T cells and providing negative costimulation. In addition, CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells have been described in tumor, parasite infection, and severe trauma models. In this study, we observe that splenic CD11b(+) cells markedly increase after experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) immunization, and they suppress T cell proliferation in vitro. Although >80% of CD11b(+) cells express varying levels of Gr-1, only a small population of CD11b(+)Ly-6C(high) inflammatory monocytes (IMC) can efficiently suppress T cell proliferation and induce T cell apoptosis through the production of NO. IFN-gamma produced by activated T cells is essential to induce IMC suppressive function. EAE immunization increases the frequencies of IMC in the bone marrow, spleen, and blood, but not in the lymph nodes. At the peak of EAE, IMC represent approximately 30% of inflammatory cells in the CNS. IMC express F4/80 and CD93 but not CD31, suggesting that they are immature monocytes. Furthermore, IMC have the plasticity to up-regulate NO synthase 2 or arginase 1 expression upon different cytokine treatments. These findings indicate that CD11b(+)Ly-6C(high) IMC induced during EAE priming are powerful suppressors of activated T cells. Further understanding of suppressive monocytes in autoimmune disease models may have important clinical implications for human autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/physiology
- Apoptosis/immunology
- CD11b Antigen/biosynthesis
- CD11b Antigen/physiology
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Immunophenotyping
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhu
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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