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Lou Q, Liu R, Yang X, Li W, Huang L, Wei L, Tan H, Xiang N, Chan K, Chen J, Liu H. miR-448 targets IDO1 and regulates CD8 + T cell response in human colon cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:210. [PMID: 31391111 PMCID: PMC6686234 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a critical regulator of T cell function, contributing to immune tolerance. Upregulation of IDO1 has been found in many cancer types; however, the regulatory mechanisms and clinical significance of IDO1 in colon cancer are still unclear. Here, we investigated the role of dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) targeting IDO1 in the colon cancer microenvironment. Methods We elucidated IDO1 function by performing cell-based assays and establishing transplanted tumor models in BALB/c mice and BALB/c nude mice. We evaluated IDO1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a tissue microarray (TMA) and analyzed IDO1 mRNA expression with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We screened miRNAs targeting IDO1 by using a dual luciferase reporter assay. We tested the function of microRNA-448 (miR-448) by using western blotting (WB) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Results We demonstrated that stable IDO1 overexpression enhanced xenograft tumor growth in BALB/c mice but not in BALB/c nude mice. We also revealed the involvement of posttranscriptional regulation of IDO1 in colon cancer by observing IDO1 protein levels and mRNA levels. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miRNA mimics suggested that miR-448 could significantly downregulate IDO1 protein expression. Notably, we proved that miR-448 suppressed the apoptosis of CD8+ T cells by suppressing IDO1 enzyme function. Conclusion Our findings indicated that IDO1 suppressed the CD8+ T cell response in colon cancer. miR-448, as a tumor-suppressive miRNA, enhanced the CD8+ T cell response by inhibiting IDO1 expression. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development of new immunotherapy for the treatment of colon cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40425-019-0691-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruixian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanlan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiliu Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Nanlin Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Kawo Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China.
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Maity P, Reddy VVR, Mohan J, Korapati S, Narayana H, Cherupally N, Chandrasekaran S, Ramachandran R, Sfouggatakis C, Eastgate MD, Simmons EM, Vaidyanathan R. Development of a Scalable Synthesis of BMS-978587 Featuring a Stereospecific Suzuki Coupling of a Cyclopropane Carboxylic Acid. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prantik Maity
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore-560099, India
| | - V. V. Ramana Reddy
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore-560099, India
| | - Jayaraj Mohan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore-560099, India
| | - Satish Korapati
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore-560099, India
| | - Harishkumar Narayana
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore-560099, India
| | - Nagesh Cherupally
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore-560099, India
| | - Sathishkumar Chandrasekaran
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore-560099, India
| | - Ravikumar Ramachandran
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore-560099, India
| | - Chris Sfouggatakis
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Eric M. Simmons
- Chemical and Synthetic Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Rajappa Vaidyanathan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore-560099, India
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3
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Zong S, Li C, Luo C, Zhao X, Liu C, Wang K, Jia W, Bai M, Yin M, Bao S, Guo J, Kang J, Duan T, Zhou Q. Dysregulated expression of IDO may cause unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion through suppression of trophoblast cell proliferation and migration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19916. [PMID: 26814137 PMCID: PMC4728682 DOI: 10.1038/srep19916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In pregnancy, trophoblast proliferation, migration and invasion are important for the establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy. Impaired trophoblast function has been implicated in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), a major complication of pregnancy, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme that catabolizes tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, is highly expressed in the placenta and serum during pregnancy. Here, we identified a novel function of IDO in regulating trophoblast cell proliferation and migration. We showed that IDO expression and activity were decreased in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) compared to normal pregnancy. Furthermore, blocking IDO in human trophoblast cells led to reduced proliferation and migration, along with decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and MMP9 expression. Increased STAT3 phosphorylation reversed the IDO knockdown-suppressed trophoblast cell proliferation and migration. In addition, the overexpression of IDO promoted cell proliferation and migration, which could be abolished by the STAT3 signaling inhibitor (AG490). Finally, we observed similar reductions of STAT3 phosphorylation and MMP9 expression in URSA patients. These results indicate that the level of IDO expression may be associated with pregnancy-related complications, such as URSA, by affecting trophoblast cell proliferation and migration via the STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zong
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chunqing Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chengfeng Luo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingliang Bai
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Minghong Yin
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shihua Bao
- Department of Gynaecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Punan hospital, Shanghai, 2000125, China
| | - jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tao Duan
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, China
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Théate I, van Baren N, Pilotte L, Moulin P, Larrieu P, Renauld JC, Hervé C, Gutierrez-Roelens I, Marbaix E, Sempoux C, Van den Eynde BJ. Extensive profiling of the expression of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 protein in normal and tumoral human tissues. Cancer Immunol Res 2014; 3:161-72. [PMID: 25271151 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a key role in tumoral resistance to immune rejection. In humans, constitutive expression of IDO1 has been observed in several tumor types. However, a comprehensive analysis of its expression in normal and tumor tissues is still required to anticipate the risks and potential benefits of IDO1 inhibitors. Using a newly validated monoclonal antibody to human IDO1, we performed an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of IDO1 expression in normal and tumor tissues. In normal tissues, IDO1 was expressed by endothelial cells in the placenta and lung and by epithelial cells in the female genital tract. In lymphoid tissues, IDO1 was expressed in mature dendritic cells with a phenotype (CD83(+), DC-LAMP(+), langerin(-), CD123(-), CD163(-)) distinct from plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Importantly, IDO1-expressing dendritic cells were not enriched in tumor-draining lymph nodes, in contrast with previously reported findings. IDO1-expressing cells were observed in a large fraction (505/866, 58%) of human tumors. They comprised tumor cells, endothelial cells, and stromal cells in proportions that varied depending on the tumor type. Tumors showing the highest proportions of IDO1-immunolabeled samples were carcinomas of the endometrium and cervix, followed by kidney, lung, and colon. This hierarchy of IDO1 expression was confirmed by gene expression data mined from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Expression of IDO1 may be used to select tumors likely to benefit from targeted therapy with IDO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Théate
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas van Baren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Pilotte
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Moulin
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Larrieu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Hervé
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Etienne Marbaix
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Service d'anatomopathologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium. Biolibrary, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium. de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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5
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Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Liebig TM, Koslowsky T, Theurich S, von Bergwelt-Baildon MS. The ratio between dendritic cells and T cells determines whether prostaglandin E2 has a stimulatory or inhibitory effect. Cell Immunol 2013; 281:62-7. [PMID: 23454682 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 has been shown to enhance the maturation, migration, and antigen-presenting capacity of DCs. It is therefore included in many maturation cocktails for the generation of monocyte-derived DCs. Paradoxically, PGE2 is also an important tumor-derived immunosuppressive factor and has inhibitory effects on DC differentiation and function. To further investigate these seemingly contradictory results we studied whether the DC:T cell ratio has an impact on the outcome of the interaction between PGE2-treated DCs and T cells. Surprisingly, at high DC:T cell ratios T cell proliferation was inhibited while at low ratios PGE2-treated DCs displayed enhanced T cell-stimulatory properties. The inhibitory function of PGE2-treated DCs depended primarily on the PGE2-induced induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase competence. In summary, we show that PGE2-treated DCs can have either an immunogenic or tolerogenic function depending on the DC:T cell ratio. This finding could explain the conflicting results regarding the influence of PGE2 on DC function.
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6
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Slavica L, Nurkkala-Karlsson M, Karlson T, Ingelsten M, Nyström J, Eriksson K. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression and functional activity in dendritic cells exposed to cholera toxin. Scand J Immunol 2012; 76:113-22. [PMID: 22519828 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02713.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme expressed by dendritic cells (DC), has the potential to inhibit T cell responses and to promote tolerance. In contrast, cholera toxin (CT), the enterotoxin produced by Vibrio cholerae, promotes T cell responses, partly through its ability to induce DC maturation and promote antigen presentation. We hypothesized that the adjuvant activity of CT is associated with a lack of induction of IDO in DC. To test this hypothesis, monocyte-derived DC were pulsed with CT, and the IDO mRNA expression, IDO functional activity and cytokine production were measured as well as the ability of DC to induce T cell responses in vitro. Cholera toxin exposure induced enhanced levels of IDO mRNA in DC but no functional IDO protein activity. Cholera toxin pulsing however primed DC for CD40L-induced IDO protein activity. CD40L stimulation of CT-pulsed DC induced a modest IL-12p40 production, but not IL-12p70 or IL-23 secretion. Furthermore, CT-pulsed DC induced strong allogeneic and autologous T cell responses in vitro, which were not affected by the IDO-specific inhibitor 1-methyl tryptophan. Our results show that CT per se does not induce the expression of functional IDO protein, although it primes DC for CD40L-mediated IDO production and IL-12p40 secretion. Furthermore, CT-treated DC were equally powerful in their T cell stimulatory capacity as cytokine-matured DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Slavica
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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7
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Sucher R, Fischler K, Oberhuber R, Kronberger I, Margreiter C, Ollinger R, Schneeberger S, Fuchs D, Werner ER, Watschinger K, Zelger B, Tellides G, Pilat N, Pratschke J, Margreiter R, Wekerle T, Brandacher G. IDO and regulatory T cell support are critical for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated Ag-4 Ig-mediated long-term solid organ allograft survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 188:37-46. [PMID: 22131334 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Costimulatory blockade of CD28-B7 interaction with CTLA4Ig is a well-established strategy to induce transplantation tolerance. Although previous in vitro studies suggest that CTLA4Ig upregulates expression of the immunoregulatory enzyme IDO in dendritic cells, the relationship of CTLA4Ig and IDO in in vivo organ transplantation remains unclear. In this study, we studied whether concerted immunomodulation in vivo by CTLA4Ig depends on IDO. C57BL/6 recipients receiving a fully MHC-mismatched BALB/c heart graft treated with CTLA4Ig + donor-specific transfusion showed indefinite graft survival (>100 d) without signs of chronic rejection or donor specific Ab formation. Recipients with long-term surviving grafts had significantly higher systemic IDO activity as compared with rejectors, which markedly correlated with intragraft IDO and Foxp3 levels. IDO inhibition with 1-methyl-dl-tryptophan, either at transplant or at postoperative day 50, abrogated CTLA4Ig + DST-induced long-term graft survival. Importantly, IDO1 knockout recipients experienced acute rejection and graft survival comparable to controls. In addition, αCD25 mAb-mediated depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) resulted in decreased IDO activity and again prevented CTLA4Ig + DST induced indefinite graft survival. Our results suggest that CTLA4Ig-induced tolerance to murine cardiac allografts is critically dependent on synergistic cross-linked interplay of IDO and Tregs. These results have important implications for the clinical development of this costimulatory blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sucher
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Löb S, Königsrainer A. Role of IDO in organ transplantation: promises and difficulties. Int Rev Immunol 2009; 28:185-206. [PMID: 19811321 DOI: 10.1080/08830180902989119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Induction of donor-antigen-specific immunological tolerance still remains the "holy grail" in organ transplantation. Recently, Indoleamine-2,3 Dioxygenase (IDO)--a tryptophan degrading enzyme--has been shown to be implicated in one of nature's most impressive examples of tolerance, which is maternal acceptance of the semi-allogeneic foetus. Although many experimental findings propose IDO as a key player in induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance, scepticism exists as to whether IDO represents a promising therapeutic target with clinical relevance. In this review article we will discuss the role of IDO in transplantation and take a critical look at IDO-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Löb
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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9
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Meloni F, Giuliano S, Solari N, Draghi P, Miserere S, Bardoni AM, Salvini R, Bini F, Fietta AM. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in lung allograft tolerance. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 28:1185-92. [PMID: 19783182 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2009.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 07/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme involved in the degradation of tryptophan (Try) to kynurenine (Kyn), is thought to suppress T-cell activity. Although a few experimental studies have suggested a role for IDO in graft acceptance, human data are scarce and inconclusive. We sought to establish whether, in lung transplant recipients (LTRs), plasma IDO activity mirrors the level of graft acceptance. METHODS We measured the plasma Kyn/Try ratio, reflecting IDO activity, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 90 LTRs, including 26 patients who were still functionally/clinically stable for >36 post-transplant months (stable LTRs) and 64 LTRs with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS, Grades 0-p to 3). Twenty-four normal healthy controls (NHCs) were also included. RESULTS The Kyn/Try ratio in stable LTRs resembled that observed in NHCs, whereas, unexpectedly, patients with BOS, who had lower counts of peripheral CD4(+) T-regulatory cells and tolerogenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells than stable LTRs, showed an increased plasma Kyn/Try ratio compared with both NHCs and stable LTRs. IDO expression by in vitro-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) did not vary between BOS and stable LTRs. Furthermore, BOS patients displayed signs of chronic systemic inflammation (increased plasma levels of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and higher T-cell activation (increased frequency of peripheral interferon-gamma-producing clones). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that, in vivo, in lung transplantation, plasma IDO activity does not reflect the degree of lung graft acceptance, but instead is correlated with the degree of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Meloni
- Department of Haematological, Pneumological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Section of Pneumology, University of Pavia and IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Via Taramelli 5, Pavia, Italy.
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10
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Interferon-gamma-triggered indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase competence in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells induces regulatory activity in allogeneic T cells. Blood 2009; 114:3235-43. [PMID: 19625705 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-12-195073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the tryptophan-metabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in down-regulating human alloresponses has recently been controversially debated. We here demonstrate that human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) can be endowed with sustained IDO competence in vitro by 48-hour activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). IFN-gamma also amplified proinflammatory cytokine secretion during activation. Yet, on reculture after activation cytokine production ceased, whereas IDO enzymatic activity continued. Manipulation of tryptophan metabolism did not affect proinflammatory cytokine release, suggesting that IFN-gamma triggers IDO activity and proinflammatory cytokine release as distinct cellular programs. IDO-competent DCs down-regulated allogeneic T-cell responses, but this IDO-mediated effect was overcome by slightly modifying cell culture conditions. Nevertheless, the CD4(+)CD25(+) T-cell fraction stimulated by IDO-competent DCs displayed substantial suppressor activity. This suppressive activity (1) required allogeneic stimulation for its induction, (2) affected third-party T cells, and (3) was reduced by the IDO inhibitor methyl-thiohydantoin-tryptophan. It became also manifest when DC/T-cell cocultures were initiated with naive (CD4(+)CD25(-)CD45RA(+)) T cells, indicating the differentiation of adaptive regulatory T cells. Together, these findings suggest that IFN-gamma triggered IDO competence in human mDCs constitutes a critical factor for endowing allogeneic T cells with regulatory activity.
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11
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Löb S, Königsrainer A, Rammensee HG, Opelz G, Terness P. Inhibitors of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase for cancer therapy: can we see the wood for the trees? Nat Rev Cancer 2009; 9:445-52. [PMID: 19461669 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme capable of inhibiting a destructive maternal T cell response against allogeneic fetuses. Expression of IDO is evident in tumours and is thought to enable escape from immunologically mediated rejection. Consequently, clinical trials using an inhibitor of IDO, 1-methyltryptophan (1MT), have been initiated. However, a review of the current literature indicates that we are far from understanding the biological relevance of IDO expression during tumorigenesis. A better understanding of IDO biology is needed to comprehend the effect of IDO inhibitors and to provide a rationale for their therapeutic application in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Löb
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Tubingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, Tubingen, Germany
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12
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MULLEY WILLIAMR, NIKOLIC-PATERSON DAVIDJ. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in transplantation (Review Article). Nephrology (Carlton) 2008; 13:204-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2007.00921.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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13
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Terness P, Kallikourdis M, Betz AG, Rabinovich GA, Saito S, Clark DA. Tolerance signaling molecules and pregnancy: IDO, galectins, and the renaissance of regulatory T cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:238-54. [PMID: 17681041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Is the concept of maternal tolerance preventing rejection of the semi-allogeneic 'fetal allograft' still valid? METHOD OF STUDY Compilation of expert reviews of literature and recent advances in research on indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase (IDO), regulatory T cells and galectin-1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A role for IDO in pregnancy success remains speculative, but solid data exist to support a role for Treg cells, and for galectin-1 in induction and action of Treg cells. Just as several signals may need to be simultaneously present to induce Th1 cytokine-triggered abortions, more than 1 signal may need to be simultaneously present to prevent rejection and ensure success. Both complement and coagulation pathways appear necessary for embryo execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Terness
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Is IDO a key enzyme bridging the gap between tumor escape and tolerance induction? Langenbecks Arch Surg 2007; 393:995-1003. [PMID: 18064486 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-007-0245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shaping immune responses to prevent tumor-induced tolerance or transplant rejection after solid organ transplantation is a permanently expanding field of research. Immunological tolerance, in this case, is a double-edged sword. Tumors escape immune surveillance by creating an abnormal state of tolerance towards their own antigens, whereas transplantation medicine is challenged to develop new strategies to induce allograft-specific immunological tolerance. One mechanism possibly capable of achieving immunoregulation is based on indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). OBJECTIVE This overview article focuses on IDO-mediated tryptophan catabolism with special regard to its role in cancer and transplantation immunology. RESULTS The historical view about IDO as a host's antimicrobial defence mechanism has been extended by the observation that its expression is essential for successful allogeneic pregnancy. Subsequent studies analysing IDO as an immune-regulatory enzyme describe its implications in cancer immune escape, as chemical abrogation of enzyme activity with 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT), results in enhanced antitumor responses in animal models. Therefore, a clinical trial treating cancer patients with 1-MT has been started. IDO also seems to play an essential role in the control of allo- and autoreactive T cell responses. CTLA4-Ig is able to induce IDO expression in dendritic cells (DCs) and consequently renders them tolerogenic, which might provide one explanation for the observed therapeutic effects of abatacept and belatacept. CONCLUSION There is evidence that IDO achieves immune modulation in several animal models. However, in humans, this remains controversially discussed.
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Levo- but not dextro-1-methyl tryptophan abrogates the IDO activity of human dendritic cells. Blood 2007; 111:2152-4. [PMID: 18045970 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have been started with the aim of inducing tumor immunity by blocking the immunosuppressive action of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) with the IDO2-inhibitor dextro-1-methyl-tryptophan (D-1MT). Here we show that human dendritic cells (DCs) express both IDO-1 and IDO-2, but that only IDO1 mediates tryptophan catabolism; furthermore, its activity is blocked by levo-1MT, whereas D-1MT is inefficient. Consequently, in humans any possible antitumor effects of D-1MT cannot be attributed to abrogation of IDO activity in DCs as described in this study.
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Popov A, Schultze JL. IDO-expressing regulatory dendritic cells in cancer and chronic infection. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007; 86:145-60. [PMID: 17876564 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune evasion and T cell tolerance induction have been associated both with malignant disease and chronic infection. In recent years, increasing evidence has been accumulated that antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DC) play a major role in immune regulation. They are not only involved in the induction of immunity but also can inhibit immune responses. Interesting parallels for major molecular mechanisms involved in turning DC from stimulatory to regulatory cells have been uncovered between malignant disease and chronic infection. Apparently, not only inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10 seem to play a role, but also metabolic mechanisms dysregulating tryptophan metabolism, thereby, leading to inhibition of T cells and pathogens. We focus here on recent findings establishing the tryptophan catabolizing enzyme indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) as a central feature of DC with regulatory function both in cancer and chronic infection. Induction of enzymatically active IDO can be triggered by various soluble and membrane-bound factors, and in general, require interferon (IFN) signaling. In addition, based on the most recently established link between tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), prostaglandin E2 and IDO, a new model of regulation of IDO in context of cancer and infection is proposed. In light of the increasing use of anti-TNFalpha drugs, these findings are also of great interest to the clinician scientist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Popov
- Molecular Tumor Biology and Tumor Immunology, Clinic I for Internal Medicine, Cologne, Germany
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Denny MF, Thacker S, Mehta H, Somers EC, Dodick T, Barrat FJ, McCune WJ, Kaplan MJ. Interferon-alpha promotes abnormal vasculogenesis in lupus: a potential pathway for premature atherosclerosis. Blood 2007; 110:2907-15. [PMID: 17638846 PMCID: PMC2018671 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-05-089086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a striking increase in premature atherosclerosis of unclear etiology. Accelerated endothelial cell apoptosis occurs in SLE and correlates with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and myelomonocytic circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are crucial in blood vessel repair after vascular damage, and decreased levels or abnormal function of EPCs/CACs are established atherosclerosis risk factors. We investigated if vascular repair is impaired in SLE. We report that SLE patients display abnormal phenotype and function of EPCs/CACs. These abnormalities are characterized by significant decreases in the number of circulating EPCs (310 +/- 50 EPCs/mL of blood in SLE versus 639 +/- 102 in controls) and significant impairments in the capacity of EPCs/CACs to differentiate into mature ECs and synthesize adequate levels of the proangiogenic molecules vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hepatic growth factor (HGF). These abnormalities are triggered by interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), which induces EPC and CAC apoptosis and skews myeloid cells toward nonangiogenic phenotypes. Lupus EPCs/CACs have increased IFN-alpha expression and their supernatants promote higher induction of IFN-inducible genes. Importantly, neutralization of IFN pathways restores a normal EPC/CAC phenotype in lupus. SLE is characterized by an imbalance between endothelial cell damage and repair triggered by type I IFNs, which might promote accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Denny
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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