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Huang Y, Chi W, Li Y, Zhang C, Li J, Meng F. Morphine Preconditioning Alleviates Ischemia/Reperfusion-induced Caspase-8-dependent Neuronal Apoptosis through cPKCγ-NF-κB-cFLIPL Pathway. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2024:00008506-990000000-00103. [PMID: 38577840 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is a major contributor to postoperative death and cognitive dysfunction in patients. It was reported that morphine preconditioning (MP) can mimic ischemia/hypoxia preconditioning to protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the mechanism of MP on the ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal apoptosis has not been fully clarified. METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model of mice and the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model in primary cortical neurons were used to mimic ischemic stroke. In vivo, the infarct size was measured by using TTC staining; NDSS, Longa score system, and beam balance test were performed to evaluate the neurological deficits of mice; the expression of the protein was detected by using a western blot. In vitro, the viability of neurons was determined by using CCK-8 assay; the expression of protein and mRNA were assessed by using western blot, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescent staining; the level of apoptosis was detected by using TUNEL staining. RESULTS MP can improve the neurological functions of mice following MCAO/R (P<0.001, n=10 per group). MP can decrease the infarct size (P<0.001, n=10 per group) and the level of cleaved-caspase-3 of mice following MCAO/R (P<0.01 or 0.001, n=6 per group). MP can increase the levels of cPKCγ membrane translocation, p-p65, and cFLIPL, and decrease the levels of cleaved-caspase-8, 3 in neurons after OGD/R or MCAO/R 1 d (P<0.05, 0.01 or 0.001, n=6 per group). In addition, MP could alleviate OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis (P<0.001, n=6 per group). CONCLUSION MP alleviates ischemia/reperfusion-induced Caspase 8-dependent neuronal apoptosis through the cPKCγ-NF-κB-cFLIPL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wenying Chi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chengzhen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, PR China
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fanjun Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, PR China
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Hu C, Du R, Xiao Q, Geng M. Differences between cultured cortical neurons by trypsin and papain digestion. IBRAIN 2022; 8:93-99. [PMID: 37786412 PMCID: PMC10529170 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of trypsin and papain in neuronal digestion and determine which enzyme is more efficient. Cortical tissues were obtained from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. According to the different digestive enzymes, the samples were divided into the trypsin group and the papain group. After being digested by each of the two enzymes, cortical neurons were collected from the samples. Then, the morphology of the cortical neurons was determined. Moreover, the cortical neurons were transfected with the negative control (NC) lentivirus. The transfection efficiency and morphology were determined and compared. Compared with the papain group, cortical neurons in the trypsin group were more in number, had larger cell size, had longer axonal length, and had fewer impurities. The transfection efficiency of the trypsin group (57.77%) was higher than that of the papain group (53.83%). The morphology of neurons that was displayed showed that the cell body of most neurons shrank and became smaller, and the axis mutation became shorter and less in the papain group 6 days after transfection with the NC lentivirus. Trypsin is more efficient in digesting neurons because the neurons digested by this enzyme are more in number, have a larger cell body, longer axons, and greater transfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Yan Hu
- Animal Zoology DepartmentKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Ruo‐Lan Du
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qiu‐Xia Xiao
- Animal Zoology DepartmentKunming Medical UniversityKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Min‐Jian Geng
- Department of AnesthesiologyNanchong Central HospitalNanchongSichuanChina
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Zhou HY, Jiang F, Cao Z, Shen QY, Feng YJ, Hou ZH. Propofol protects PC12 cells from cobalt chloride-induced injury by mediating miR-134. Histol Histopathol 2021; 36:425-435. [PMID: 33410125 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Propofol (PRO) was reported to exert a neuroprotective effect by decreasing microRNA-134 (miR-134), a brain-specific miRNA, thus, the role of PRO against cobalt chloride (CoCl₂)-induced injury in rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) via mediating miR-134 was explored. METHODS CoCl₂-induced PC12 cells treated with PRO were transfected with or without miR-134 negative control (NC)/ inhibitor/mimic, and the following detections were then performed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (Annexin V-FITC/PI) and Hoechst 33258 staining. Autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by Rhodamine-123 (Rh123) staining, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining. Protein and gene expressions were measured by Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS PRO reversed the CoCl₂-induced decrease in the PC12 cell viability and increased miR-134 in a dose-dependent manner. CoCl₂ increased LC3II/I ratio and Beclin-1 expression, but decreased p62 expression, which was abolished by PRO. In addition, an increased cell apoptosis rates triggered by CoCl₂ were reduced by PRO with the down-regulations of Bax and Caspase-3 and the up-regulation of Bcl-2. Furthermore, PRO decreased methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and ROS in CoCl₂-induced PC12 cells accompanying the increase in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and MMP. The effects of PRO on autophagy, apoptosis and oxidative stress in CoCl₂-induced PC12 cell were reversed by miR-134 mimic. CONCLUSION PRO may mitigate CoCl₂-induced autophagy in PC12 cells with decreased apoptosis and improved oxidative stress via mediating miR-134.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China.
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of General Medicine, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qi-Yun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jing Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Huan Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
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Ju ZH, Liang X, Ren YY, Shu LW, Yan YH, Cui X. Neurons derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells express mu and kappa opioid receptors. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:653-658. [PMID: 33063716 PMCID: PMC8067944 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotection studies have shown that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have the possibility to transform neuroprotection research. In the present study, iPS cells were generated from human renal epithelial cells and were then differentiated into neurons. Cells in the iPS-cell group were maintained in stem cell medium. In contrast, cells in the iPS-neuron group were first maintained in neural induction medium and expansion medium containing ROCK inhibitors, and then cultivated in neuronal differentiation medium and neuronal maturation medium to induce the neural stem cells to differentiate into neurons. The expression of relevant markers was compared at different stages of differentiation. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that cells in the iPS-neuron group expressed the neural stem cell markers SOX1 and nestin on day 11 of induction, and neuronal markers TUBB3 and NeuN on day 21 of induction. Polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that, compared with the iPS-cell group, TUBB3 gene expression in the iPS-neuron group was increased 15.6-fold. Further research revealed that, compared with the iPS-cell group, the gene expression and immunoreactivity of mu opioid receptor in the iPS-neuron group were significantly increased (38.3-fold and 5.7-fold, respectively), but those of kappa opioid receptor had only a slight change (1.33-fold and 1.57-fold increases, respectively). Together, these data indicate that human iPS cells can be induced into mu opioid receptor- and kappa opioid receptor-expressing neurons, and that they may be useful to simulate human opioid receptor function in vitro and explore the underlying mechanisms of human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hai Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Yao Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Luo-Wa Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hong Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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C/EBPα-mediated transcriptional activation of miR-134-5p entails KPNA3 inhibition and modulates focal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:350-360. [PMID: 32814091 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a frequent cause of mortality and neurological handicaps in infants and children worldwide. To understand better the pathogenesis and management of HIBD, we established a HIBD model by common carotid artery ligation followed by systemic hypoxia in neonatal rats, and in other studies induced neuronal death in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells by 12 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The level of KPNA3 declined in rats following experimental HIBD and in PC12 cells following OGD. KPNA3 overexpression protected neonatal rats against HIBD and PC12 cells against OGD-induced cell death. KPNA3 demonstrated to be the target of miR-134-5p could be activated by the transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). The expression of miR-134-5p and C/EBPα was elevated in rats following experimental HIBD and in PC12 cells following OGD. In the parallel experiments, C/EBPα knockdown and miR-134 inhibition protected against HIBD pathology in neonatal rats and against OGD-induced neuronal death in PC12 cells. These findings reveal that the C/EBPα/miR-134-5p/KPNA3 axis mediates hypoxic-ischemic brain damage and neuronal death, thus presenting a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human newborns at risk for HIBD.
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Li Y, Lu X, Nie J, Hu P, Ge F, Yuan TF, Guan X. MicroRNA134 of Ventral Hippocampus Is Involved in Cocaine Extinction-Induced Anxiety-like and Depression-like Behaviors in Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:937-950. [PMID: 32004865 PMCID: PMC6994828 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that cocaine abuse could increase microRNA134 (miR134) levels in the hippocampus; yet the roles of miR134 in cocaine-related abnormal psychiatric outcomes remain unknown. In this study, using the cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) mice model, we found that mice exhibit enhanced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors during the cocaine extinction (CE) period of CPP, accompanied by obviously increased miR134 levels and decreased levels of 19 genes that are associated with synaptic plasticity, glia activity, and neurochemical microenvironments, in the ventral hippocampus (vHP). Knockdown of miR134 in vHP in vivo reversed the changes in 15 of 19 potential gene targets of miR134 and rescued the abnormal anxiety-like and depression-like behavioral outcomes in CE mice. In parallel, knockdown of miR134 reversed CE-induced changes in dendritic spines and synaptic proteins and increased the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the vHP of CE mice. In addition, knockdown of miR134 suppressed the CE-enhanced microglia activity, inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress statuses in the vHP. With the data taken together, miR134 may be involved in cocaine-associated psychiatric problems, potentially via regulating the expressions of its gene targets that are related to synaptic plasticity and neurochemical microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxun Nie
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Lu S, Liao L, Zhang B, Yan W, Chen L, Yan H, Guo L, Lu S, Xiong K, Yan J. Antioxidant cascades confer neuroprotection in ethanol, morphine, and methamphetamine preconditioning. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104540. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Luo J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Tang M, Zhang X. Morphine contributed to the deterioration of cancer via miR-543/MARCKS/FcγR-mediated phagocytosis pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1584-1598. [PMID: 31373006 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been confirmed that morphine was detrimental to patients with cancers. Hence, we aimed to reveal a certain mechanism of morphine in cancer development. METHODS Microarray and GSEA analysis were utilized to seek for differently expressed genes and pathway. KEY FINDINGS Bioinformatics analysis identified that downregulation of MARCKS and upregulation of miR-543 in samples treated with morphine. FcγR-mediated phagocytosis pathway was illustrated to be upregulated in the control. PANC-1 and DU145 cell viability was increased but apoptosis was declined as morphine concentration went up from 10-8 to 10-6 mol/l. On the other curve, the viability was reduced and apoptosis was elevated from 10-6 to 10-5 mol/l. The expression of miR-543 ran the same trend as cell viability. Assays in vivo and in vitro validated that miR-543 facilitated cell viability, tumour growth, levels of CA199 and PSA, whereas inhibited apoptosis. MARCKS could target and inhibit miR-543 expression, which exhibited an opposite effect on cancer progression. MiR-543 blocked but MARCKS activated FcγR-mediated phagocytosis pathway. CONCLUSIONS Morphine at 10-6 mol/l could benefit miR-543 expression to inhibit MARCKS expression, consequently, blocking FcγR-mediated phagocytosis pathway, which contributed to the cancer progression in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiding Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiquan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Miaomiao Tang
- Nursing Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Chandran R, Mehta SL, Vemuganti R. Non-coding RNAs and neuroprotection after acute CNS injuries. Neurochem Int 2017; 111:12-22. [PMID: 28131900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that various classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNAs (miRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in normal state as well as the diseases of the CNS. Interestingly, ncRNAs have been shown to interact with messenger RNA, DNA and proteins, and these interactions could induce epigenetic modifications and control transcription and translation, thereby adding a new layer of genomic regulation. The ncRNA expression profiles are known to be altered after acute CNS injuries including stroke, traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury that are major contributors of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hence, a better understanding of the functional significance of ncRNAs following CNS injuries could help in developing potential therapeutic strategies to minimize the neuronal damage in those conditions. The potential of ncRNAs in blood and CSF as biomarkers for diagnosis and/or prognosis of acute CNS injuries has also gained importance in the recent years. This review highlighted the current progress in the understanding of the role of ncRNAs in initiation and progression of secondary neuronal damage and their application as biomarkers after acute CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendar Chandran
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison and William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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