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Lin TPH, Sen M, Gupta V, Agrawal R, Lanzetta P, Giannaccare G, Chan CKM, Agrawal K, Menia NK, Rojas-Carabali W, Arora A, Martinuzzi D, Taloni A, Rubinato L, Coco G, Sarao V, Veritti D, Chen L, Honavar SG, Lam DSC. Update on coronavirus disease 2019: Ophthalmic Manifestations and Adverse Reactions to Vaccination. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:512-536. [PMID: 38117598 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was one of the most devastating public health issues in recent decades. The ophthalmology community is as concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic as the global public health community is, as COVID-19 was recognized to affect multiple organs in the human body, including the eyes, early in the course of the outbreak. Ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 are highly variable and could range from mild ocular surface abnormalities to potentially sight and life-threatening orbital and neuro-ophthalmic diseases. Furthermore, ophthalmic manifestations may also be the presenting or the only findings in COVID-19 infections. Meanwhile, global vaccination campaigns to attain herd immunity in different populations are the major strategy to mitigate the pandemic. As novel vaccinations against COVID-19 emerged, so were reports on adverse ophthalmic reactions potentially related to such. As the world enters a post-pandemic state where COVID-19 continues to exist and evolve as an endemic globally, the ophthalmology community ought to be aware of and keep abreast of the latest knowledge of ophthalmic associations with COVID-19 and its vaccinations. This review is a summary of the latest literature on the ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 and the adverse ophthalmic reactions related to its vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mrittika Sen
- Ocular Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Raghunath Netralaya, Mumbai, India
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupesh Agrawal
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paolo Lanzetta
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Istituto Europeo di Microchirurgia Oculare, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Eye Clinic, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carmen K M Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kajal Agrawal
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Nitin Kumar Menia
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - William Rojas-Carabali
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Atul Arora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Andrea Taloni
- University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Rubinato
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Coco
- Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Sarao
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Istituto Europeo di Microchirurgia Oculare, Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Veritti
- Department of Medicine-Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lizhen Chen
- C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Santosh G Honavar
- Ocular Oncology and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Services, Centre for Sight Eye Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dennis S C Lam
- The International Eye Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- The C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
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Lin CH, Sun IT. Bilateral Simultaneous Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Secondary to COVID-19: A Case Report. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2023; 14:56-61. [PMID: 36820307 PMCID: PMC9938397 DOI: 10.1159/000529298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a case of bilateral simultaneous central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A 48-year-old man, with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and stage 4 chronic kidney disease, diagnosed with COVID-19 1 month ago presented to the ophthalmology department with blurred vision in both eyes for 2 weeks. Ocular examination revealed a classic clinical presentation of CRVO in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography revealed increased central macular thickness with intraretinal and subretinal fluid in both eyes. Laboratory data revealed elevated D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The levels of other hypercoagulability markers were normal. The patient received intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in both eyes, followed by regular follow-up every month until complete resolution of symptoms and gradual improvement of the retinal vascular appearance. COVID-19 can cause a variety of coagulation abnormalities and thromboembolic complications such as bilateral simultaneous CRVO. Clinicians and patients should be aware of ocular symptoms and presentations that are probably associated with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kang MC, Park KA, Min JH, Oh SY. Myasthenia gravis with ocular symptoms following a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination: A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 27:101620. [PMID: 35800401 PMCID: PMC9254405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We report on the case of a 35-year-old man who developed myasthenia gravis with ocular symptoms following a ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine injection. Observations A 35-year-old man complained of binocular diplopia one month following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. He had weak infraduction of the left eye. Upper and lower extremity strength was normal on presentation. A serum antiacetylcholine receptor antibody titer was elevated at 1.60 nmol/L. His diplopia improved temporarily following the application of an ice pack for 2 min. Conclusions and importance This case report describes a rare occurrence of myasthenia gravis with ocular symptoms as a potential complication of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chae Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Ju-Hong Min
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Sei Yeul Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Liang H, Zhang M, Chen M, Lin TPH, Lai M, Chen H. Ocular Trauma During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:481-487. [PMID: 36094376 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to summarize the latest literature on the trends and incidence of ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to identify the relevant literature. The search period was between January 1, 2020, and September 20, 2021. The incidence of overall and various types of ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic and the control period was analyzed. The data from different studies were pooled. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 32 articles were included. After pooling the data from all included studies, the incidence of total and pediatric ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic was 67.7% and 54.3% of those in the control period, respectively. However, the proportion of ocular trauma in eye emergency visits increased during the pandemic (OR, 95% CI: 1.46, 1.04-2.06). The proportion of domestic ocular trauma increased (OR, 95% CI: 3.42, 1.01-11.62), while ocular trauma related to sports and outdoor activities and occupational ocular trauma decreased (OR, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.09-4.29 and 0.18, 0.10-0.33, respectively). It was also reported that chemical injury caused by alcohol-based sanitizers, photokeratitis caused by ultraviolet lamps, and mechanical eye injury caused by masks increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS There was a reduction in overall eye injuries and substantial differences in the spectrum of ocular trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proper health education and supervision should be strengthened to prevent ocular injuries related to COVID-19 preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Meiqin Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Man Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
| | - Timothy P H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingying Lai
- Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen Eye Hospital affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Optometry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China
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5
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Wan KH, Jonas JB. Impact of Digital Technology on Eye Diseases During COVID-19. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:401-402. [PMID: 36102638 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin H Wan
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Ashkenazy N, Patel NA, Sridhar J, Yannuzzi NA, Belin PJ, Kaplan R, Kothari N, Benitez Bajandas GA, Kohly RP, Roizenblatt R, Pinhas A, Mundae R, Rosen RB, Ryan EH, Chiang A, Chang LK, Khurana RN, Finn AP. Hemi- and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated with COVID-19 Infection in Young Patients without Known Risk Factors. Ophthalmol Retina 2022; 6:520-530. [PMID: 35278727 PMCID: PMC8907133 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Venous thromboembolic complications have been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We raised awareness regarding a potential temporal association between COVID-19 infection and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). DESIGN Multicenter, retrospective, nonconsecutive case series. SUBJECTS Patients presenting with hemi-RVO (HRVO) or central RVO (CRVO) between March 2020 and March 2021, with confirmed COVID-19 infection, were included. The exclusion criteria were as follows: age >50 years, hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, obesity, underlying hypercoagulable states, and those requiring intubation during hospitalization. METHODS This was a multicenter, retrospective, nonconsecutive case series including patients presenting with hemi-RVO (HRVO) or central RVO (CRVO) between March 2020 and March 2021, with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The exclusion criteria were as follows: age >50 years, hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, obesity, underlying hypercoagulable states, and those requiring intubation during hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Ophthalmic findings, including presenting and final visual acuity (VA), imaging findings, and clinical course. RESULTS Twelve eyes of 12 patients with CRVO (9 of 12) or HRVO (3 of 12) after COVID-19 infection were included. The median age was 32 years (range, 18-50 years). Three patients were hospitalized, but none were intubated. The median time from COVID-19 diagnosis to ophthalmic symptoms was 6.9 weeks. The presenting VA ranged from 20/20 to counting fingers, with over half (7 of 12) having a VA of ≥20/40. OCT revealed macular edema in 42% of the eyes; of these, 80% (4 of 5) were treated with anti-VEGF injections. Ninety-two percent (11 of 12) had partial or complete resolution of ocular findings at final follow-up. Four eyes (33%) had retinal thinning, as determined using OCT, by the end of the study interval. The final VA ranged from 20/20 to 20/60, with 11 of the 12 (92%) eyes achieving a VA of ≥20/40 at a median final follow-up period of 13 weeks (range, 4-52 weeks). CONCLUSIONS Although we acknowledge the high seroprevalence of COVID-19 and that a causal relationship cannot be established, we reported this series to raise awareness regarding the potential risk of retinal vascular events due to a heightened thromboinflammatory state associated with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Ashkenazy
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nimesh A Patel
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jayanth Sridhar
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nicolas A Yannuzzi
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | - Radha P Kohly
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Canada; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Pinhas
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rusdeep Mundae
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Richard B Rosen
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Edwin H Ryan
- VitreoRetinal Surgery, PLLC, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Allen Chiang
- Mid Atlantic Retina, Wills Eye Hospital Retina Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Louis K Chang
- Northern California Retina Vitreous Associates, Mountain View, California
| | - Rahul N Khurana
- Northern California Retina Vitreous Associates, Mountain View, California; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Avni P Finn
- Northern California Retina Vitreous Associates, Mountain View, California; Department of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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7
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Pitak-Arnnop P, Meningaud JP, Sirintawat N, Subbalekha K, Auychai P, Iamaroon A, O-Charoenrat P, Suntorntham S, Messer-Peti R, Neff A. A German AWMF's S2e/realist synthesis and meta-narrative snapshot of craniomaxillofacial manifestations in COVID-19 patients: Rapid living update on 1 January 2021. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:64-73. [PMID: 33524604 PMCID: PMC9767311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To execute a review answering the following question: "Among novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) patients, what are craniomaxillofacial (CMF) manifestations?" based on the RAMESES and the German Association of Scientific Medical Societies (AWMF)'s S2e guidelines. METHODS We performed a realist synthesis and meta-narrative review extracting data in English, French, German and Thai from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Biomed Central, Cochrane Library, and Thai Journals Online, until 1 January 2021. The primary outcome variable was CMF manifestations grouped into 5 categories: (1) mouth and throat, (2) nose, paranasal sinus, and skull base (3) ocular/orbital and periorbital tissue, (4) ear, and (5) craniofacial skin. Appropriate statistics was computed. RESULTS Thirty-seven original articles meeting the inclusion criteria were analysed; all were in English and indexed in PubMed/Medline. Hand searches of their references yielded a total of 101 articles for the review. Most data were in low level of evidence and focused on smell and taste disturbances and non-specific orofacial lesions. Iatrogenic complications may occur in this body region. Conservative measures remained effective and were usually enough for patient care. CONCLUSION Because SARS-CoV-2 infection is new and becomes the stringent worldwide pandemic within a short time period, most of the data on CMF symptoms are of low level evidence. Apart from taste and smell dysfunctions, non-specific CMF lesions can be found and treated conservatively. Treatment complications are possible. Dentists and CMF surgeons are privileged to examine the orofacial region and work closely with colleagues in other specialities to combat this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poramate Pitak-Arnnop
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM GmbH, Campus Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany,Corresponding author at: Klinik für MKG-Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Marburg, UKGM, Baldingerstr., 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Meningaud
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Aesthetic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Faculty of Medicine, University Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (Paris XII), Créteil, France
| | - Nattapong Sirintawat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Keskanya Subbalekha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prim Auychai
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anak Iamaroon
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai, Thailand,Excellence Center in Osteology Research and Training Center (ORTC), Chiang Mai University, Chaing Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Surajit Suntorntham
- HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulaborn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Robert Messer-Peti
- Department of Urology, Medius Klinik Ostfildern‐Ruit – Academic Teaching Hospital of University Tübingen, Ostfildern, Germany
| | - Andreas Neff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM GmbH, Campus Marburg, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Yousefi A, Ma Y, Roberts CJ, Moroi SE, Reilly MA. Hydrodynamic Interaction Between Tear Film and Air Puff From Noncontact Tonometry. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:2. [PMID: 35103798 PMCID: PMC8819281 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of potential droplet formation in response to air puff deformation with two noncontact tonometers (NCTs). Methods Twenty healthy volunteers were examined using two NCTs, Ocular Response Analyzer and Corvis ST, and two contact tonometers, iCare and Tono-Pen. High-speed videos of the tear film response were captured with at spatial resolution of 20 microns/pixel at 2400 fps. Droplet size, droplet velocity, distance between air puff impact location, and the tear meniscus-lid margin were characterized. Results One subject was excluded due to technical issues. Droplets were detected only in tests with instilled eye drop. Videos showed the tear film rolls away from the apex while remaining adherent to the ocular surface due to the tendency of the fluid to remain attached to a solid surface explained by the Coanda effect. Twelve out of 38 videos with an eye drop administration showed droplet formation. Only one resulted in droplets with predominantly forward motion, which had the shortest distance between air puff impact location and lower meniscus. This distance on average was 5.9 ± 1.1 mm. The average droplet size was 500 ± 200 µm. Conclusions Results indicate no droplet formation under typical clinical setting. Hence, standard clinical use of NCT tests is not expected to cause droplets. NCT testing with eye drop administration showed droplet formation at the inferior eyelid boundary, which acts as a barrier and interrupts tear flow. Translational Relevance Study of tear film interaction with NCT air puff shows that these tonometers are not expected to cause droplet formation in standard use and that if external drops are required, both eyelids should be held if patients need assistance to maintain open eyes to avoid droplets with predominantly forward motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Yousefi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia J Roberts
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sayoko E Moroi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Reilly
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Zhang L, Guo X, Jiang H, Zhao N, Cheng W, Xu W, Liu S. Decreased incidence of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis associated with enhanced public health intervention during the COVID-19 epidemic in China, 2020. Arch Virol 2022; 167:577-581. [PMID: 35039974 PMCID: PMC8763440 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05282-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) are associated with a high disease burden. In this study, we investigated the association between enhanced public health intervention and the incidence of AHC during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A total of 212,526 AHC cases were reported in China during 2015–2020. The overall yearly incidence rate and number of AHC cases decreased by 23.08% and 22.15%, respectively, during the COVID-19 epidemic, compared with the previous 5 years (all p < 0.001). Significant reductions in AHC incidence were found both during the emergency period and after the relaxation of emergency measures in 2020 compared to the previous 5 years (22.22% and 28.00% reduction, respectively; p < 0.001). Enhanced public health initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic in China were therefore associated with lower transmission of pathogens causing AHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China.,Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangli Xu
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China.
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Dhiman R, Rakheja V, Saxena R. An Ophthalmologist's Insight Into The Viral Pandemics. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2022; 15:35-43. [PMID: 33422421 PMCID: PMC8045749 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent past, major pandemics and epidemics have occurred due to the emergence and resurgence of the novel strains of viruses like Influenza [HINI-A "Spanish Flu", H1N1-Novel A "Swine flu"], Corona [Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2)] and Ebola virus [Ebola virus disease]. These infectious diseases may have several ocular manifestations and rarely might be the presenting symptom of the underlying disease. The eyes can act as a portal of entry and/or route of viral transmission for these pathogens. Therefore, an ophthalmologist/optometrist needs to act with ample preparedness and responsibility. Establishing a standard of care in ophthalmic practice by modifying the conventional examination techniques and adopting tele-ophthalmology model to triage the patients can control the community spread of the disease. This article aims to elucidate the ocular manifestations in these pandemics and measures that should be adopted in ophthalmic practice to prevent the disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebika Dhiman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Vaishali Rakheja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Rohit Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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11
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Ramya M, Ksheeraja Y. Corona warriors-front-line workers with varied ophthalmic presentations during the lockdown in COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care center in South India. TNOA JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMIC SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/tjosr.tjosr_95_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Savastano A, Ripa M, Savastano MC, Kilian R, Marchini G, Rizzo S. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ophthalmologic outpatient care: experience from an Italian Tertiary Medical Center. Ann Med 2021; 53:1349-1357. [PMID: 34396879 PMCID: PMC8381896 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1964036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the impact the COVID-19-related national lockdown has had on Ophthalmologic Outpatient Care in an Italian Tertiary Medical Centre. METHODS We reviewed all the performances that were carried out as outpatient services at our department between 1 January 2020 and 30 November 2020. We compared data among four different periods: from 1 January 2020 to 17 March 2020 ("Pre-Lockdown"); from 18 March 2020 to 17 May 2020 (Lockdown); from 18 May 2020 to 2 November 2020 (Post-Lockdown) and from 3 November 2020 to 30 November 2020 (Regional Lockdown). RESULTS The overall number of performed routine outpatient visits per day (ROVs) was 11,871 (Mean ± SD = 35.76 ± 17.81), whereas booked appointments (BAs) were 21272 (Mean ± SD = 63.86 ± 9.27), meaning a decline in the number of ROVs by 44.01%. (Mean ± SD = 28.10 ± 12.11, p<.001). Post-Lockdown and Regional Lockdown clinical activities, dropped respectively by 31 and 25.14% (38.87 ± 3.88 vs. 56.34 ± 11.06, p<.001 and 6.04 ± 4.51 vs. 56.34 ± 11.06 p<.001). The number of BAs per day decreased during the pandemic, going from a mean of 77.81 ± 2.57 booked appointments per day before the lockdown, to a mean of 53.14 ± 4.94, 61.80 ± 4.62 and 72.07 ± 1.09 appointments per day respectively during the lockdown, the post-lockdown and the regional lockdown periods. CONCLUSIONS During the various lockdown periods, at our institution the volume of outpatient ophthalmological visits drastically dropped. This testifies the dramatic impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the supply of ophthalmic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Savastano
- Ophthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University “Sacro Cuore”, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Ripa
- Ophthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University “Sacro Cuore”, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Savastano
- Ophthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University “Sacro Cuore”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Ophthalmology Unit, “Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS”, Rome, Italy
- Catholic University “Sacro Cuore”, Rome, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Pisa, Italy
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Chaikitmongkol V, Sagong M, Lai TYY, Tan GSW, Ngah NF, Ohji M, Mitchell P, Yang CH, Ruamviboonsuk P, Wong I, Sakamoto T, Rajendran A, Chen Y, Lam DSC, Lai CC, Wong TY, Cheung CMG, Chang A, Koh A. Treat-and-Extend Regimens for the Management of Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy: Consensus and Recommendations From the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:507-518. [PMID: 34839342 PMCID: PMC8673847 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Review and provide consensus recommendations on use of treat-and-extend (T&E) regimens for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) management with relevance for clinicians in the Asia-Pacific region. METHODS A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, and abstract databases of the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society, European Society of Retina Specialists, American Academy of Ophthalmology, and Controversies in Ophthalmology: Asia-Australia congresses, was conducted to assess evidence for T&E regimens in nAMD. Only studies with ≥100 study eyes were included. An expert panel reviewed the results and key factors potentially influencing the use of T&E regimens in nAMD and PCV, and subsequently formed consensus recommendations for their application in the Asia-Pacific region. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included. Studies demonstrated that T&E regimens with aflibercept, ranibizumab, or bevacizumab in nAMD, and with aflibercept in PCV, were efficacious and safe. The recommendation for T&E is, after ≥3 consecutive monthly loading doses, treatment intervals can be extended by 2 to 4 weeks up to 12 to 16 weeks. When disease activity recurs, the recommendation is to reinject and shorten intervals by 2 to 4 weeks until fluid resolution, after which treatment intervals can again be extended. Intraretinal fluid should be treated until resolved; however, persistent minimal subretinal fluid after consecutive treatments may be tolerated with treatment intervals maintained or extended if the clinical condition is stable. CONCLUSIONS T&E regimens are efficacious and safe for nAMD and PCV, can reduce the number of visits, and minimize the overall burden for clinicians and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voraporn Chaikitmongkol
- Retina Division, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Min Sagong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Timothy Y Y Lai
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- 2010 Retina & Macula Centre, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Gavin S W Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Masahito Ohji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Paul Mitchell
- University of Sydney (Westmead Institute for Medical Research), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paisan Ruamviboonsuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ian Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Anand Rajendran
- Retina-Vitreous Service, Aravind Eye Care System, Chennai, India
| | - Youxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dennis S C Lam
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China; C-MER International Eye Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Chang
- Sydney Retina Clinic, Sydney Eye Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Koh
- Eye & Retina Surgeons, Camden Medical Centre, Singapore
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Lin TP, Ko CN, Zheng K, Lai KH, Wong RL, Lee A, Zhang S, Huang SS, Wan KH, Lam DS. COVID-19: Update on Its Ocular Involvements, and Complications From Its Treatments and Vaccinations. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:521-529. [PMID: 34839344 PMCID: PMC8673850 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) came under the attention of the international medical community when China first notified the World Health Organization of a pneumonia outbreak of then-unknown etiology in Wuhan in December 2019. Since then, COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has appalled the world by spreading at a pandemic speed. Although ophthalmologists do not directly engage in the clinical care of COVID-19 patients, the ophthalmology community has become aware of the close ties between its practice and the pandemic. Not only are ophthalmologists at heightened risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure due to their physical proximity with patients in routine ophthalmic examinations, but SARS-CoV-2 possesses ocular tropism resulting in ocular complications beyond the respiratory tract after viral exposure. Furthermore, patients could potentially suffer from adverse ocular effects in the therapeutic process. This review summarized the latest literature to cover the ophthalmic manifestations, effects of treatments, and vaccinations on the eye to aid the frontline clinicians in providing effective ophthalmic care to COVID-19 patients as the pandemic continues to evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P.H. Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ke Zheng
- C-MER (Beijing) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kenny H.W. Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond L.M. Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong
| | - Allie Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Suber S. Huang
- Retina Center of Ohio, Cleveland, OH, US
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, US
| | - Kelvin H. Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Dennis S.C. Lam
- C-MER International Eye Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), China
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Domínguez-Varela IA, Ortiz-Morales G, Gómez-Elizondo DE, Nava-García JA, Valdez-García JE. Ophthalmological Care Management of Cataract Patients During the COVID-19 Times: Perspectives From a Mexican Eye Health Care System. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:598. [PMID: 34789675 PMCID: PMC8673855 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Irving A Domínguez-Varela
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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16
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Hu L, Xu G. Potential Protective Role of TRPM7 and Involvement of PKC/ERK Pathway in Blue Light-Induced Apoptosis in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells in Vitro. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:572-578. [PMID: 34789674 PMCID: PMC8673846 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Blue light triggers apoptosis of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and causes retinal damage. The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective role of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) in photodamaged RPE cells. METHODS RPE cells were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and exposed to varying intensities of blue light (500-5000 lux) in vitro. Cell proliferation and metabolic activity were respectively assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to analyze the TRPM7, protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Bcl2-associated x/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression levels. The cells were transfected with TRPM7 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or transduced with TRPM7-overexpressing lentiviruses and cultured with or without the pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). RESULTS Blue light inhibited the proliferation and metabolic activity of RPE cells in an intensity-dependent manner when compared to nonirradiated controls (P < 0.05). Compared to the control, photodamaged RPE cells showed decreased levels of TRPM7, PKC, ERK, and Bax, and an increase in Bcl-2 levels (P < 0.01). Forced expression of TRPM7 partially rescued the proliferative capacity of RPE cells (P < 0.01) and restored the levels of TRPM7, PKC, ERK, and Bax (P < 0.01), whereas TRPM7 knockdown had the opposite effects (P < 0.01). TRPM7 and PEDF synergistically alleviated the damaging effects of blue light. CONCLUSIONS Blue light triggers apoptosis of RPE cells, and its deleterious effects can be partially attenuated by the synergistic action of TRPM7 and PEDF via the PKC/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Hu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Fuzhou City 350005, China
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Radke N, Ruamviboonsuk P, Tham CCY, Jonas JB, Lam DSC. Ophthalmology and COVID-19: Long-term Surveillance Needed. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:519-520. [PMID: 34905517 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Radke
- C-MER International Eye Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Paisan Ruamviboonsuk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Clement C Y Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karis-University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dennis S C Lam
- C-MER International Eye Research Center of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- C-MER Dennis Lam & Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Yener AÜ. COVID-19 and the Eye: Ocular Manifestations, Treatment and Protection Measures. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021; 29:1225-1233. [PMID: 34648417 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2021.1977829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) leading to health and economic problems worldwide is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although COVID-19 mainly occurs as a lower respiratory tract infection, there is multiorgan involvement in infected patients. The disease is transmitted from person to person through air droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces. SARS-CoV-2 leads to this systemic involvement by attaching to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors located on several human cells. Since SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been found in tears of infected patients, ocular surface may allow the virus to transmit to nasopharynx via the nasolacrimal duct. This narrative review aims to sum up all segmental ocular complications, ocular adverse effects of COVID-19 treatment, and preventive measures suggested to minimize the SARS-CoV-2 transmission between patients and ophthalmologists by reviewing currently available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Ülkü Yener
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keçiören Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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19
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Tan TE, Chodosh J, McLeod SD, Parke DW, Yeh S, Wong TY, Ting DSW. Global Trends in Ophthalmic Practices in Response to COVID-19. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:1505-1515. [PMID: 34412877 PMCID: PMC8367739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Bypareddy R, Rathod BLS, Shilpa YD, Hithashree HR, Nagaraj KB, Hemalatha BC, Basumatary J, Bekal D, Niranjan R, Anusha PG. Fundus evaluation in COVID-19 positives with non-severe disease. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:1271-1274. [PMID: 33913875 PMCID: PMC8186568 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3227_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this work was to study and document retinal changes in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) positive patients with nonsevere disease using a nonmydriatic handheld fundus camera. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on patients affected by COVID-19 who were admitted at our center. Our study included patients with no, mild, and moderate symptoms (nonsevere cases). Intensive care unit (ICU)-admitted patients were excluded considering the difficulty in procuring the fundus image by the handheld camera due to patients positioning. Patients with systemic conditions (diabetes, hypertension, and severe anemia) known to cause retinopathy were also excluded. Bedside anterior segment examination, fundus examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus imaging of each patient using a nonmydriatic handheld fundus camera was done by a trained ophthalmologist posted for COVID duty. Results: In a cohort of 138 patients, 94 (68.1%) were men and 44 (31.9%) were women. A total of 276 eyes were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 38.51 ± 14.4 years. Anterior segment evaluation showed no abnormality in any of the eyes. On fundus screening using nonmydriatic handheld camera, a single streak of superficial retinal hemorrhage was noted at the posterior pole of the fundus in the left eye of one patient (0.72%), which was away from fovea. Laboratory tests revealed low hemoglobin (between 10 and 10.9 g/dL falling under mild Anemia) in 12 patients, elevated total leucocyte count in 6 patients, raised LDH in majority of patients (323 ± 101 Units/L) and elevated CRP (14.6 ± 30.99 mg/L). Rest of the lab parameters were within the normal range. Conclusion: In our study, COVID patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms did not show any inflammatory/infective or vaso-occlusive lesions in the retina attributable to COVID-19 infection, except one patient who had a single streak hemorrhage in the macula away from fovea, probably incidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bypareddy
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B L Sujatha Rathod
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Y D Shilpa
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H R Hithashree
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Kalpana Badami Nagaraj
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B C Hemalatha
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jessica Basumatary
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deeksha Bekal
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Niranjan
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - P G Anusha
- Department of Vitreo-Retina, Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, BMCRI, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Impact of COVID-19 at the Ocular Level: A Citation Network Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071340. [PMID: 33804977 PMCID: PMC8036864 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of this study was to use citation networks to analyze the relationship between different publications on the impact of COVID-19 at an ocular level and their authors. Furthermore, the different research areas will be identified, and the most cited publication will be determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The publications were searched within the Web of Science database, using "ocular", "SARS-CoV-2", "ophthalmology", "eyesight", and "COVID-19" as keywords for the period between January 2020 and January 2021. The Citation Network Explorer and the CiteSpace software were used to analyze the different publications. RESULTS A total of 389 publications with 890 citations generated on the web were found. It must be highlighted that July was the month with the largest number of publications. The most cited ones were "Characteristics of Ocular Findings of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China" by Wu et al., which was published in May 2020. Three groups covering the different research areas in this field were found using the clustering functions: ocular manifestations, teleophthalmology, and personal protective equipment. CONCLUSIONS The citation network has shown a comprehensive and objective analysis of the main studies on the impact of COVID-19 in ocular disease.
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Baumal CR, Ponugoti A, Enriquez AB, Vajzovic L. Valsalva-Induced Retinal Hemorrhage as a Secondary Effect of COVID-19 Disease. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:125-126. [PMID: 33512833 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Baumal
- New England Eye Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ana Bety Enriquez
- New England Eye Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Lee A, Sridhar S, Leung CKS, Ni MY. Patient Masking and Slit-Lamp Breath Shield for Prevention of Droplet Transmission During Slit-Lamp Examination. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 10:121-123. [PMID: 33290289 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allie Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
| | - Christopher K S Leung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Michael Y Ni
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong
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Tognetto D, Brézin AP, Cummings AB, Malyugin BE, Evren Kemer O, Prieto I, Rejdak R, Teus MA, Törnblom R, Toro MD, Vinciguerra AL, Giglio R, De Giacinto C. Rethinking Elective Cataract Surgery Diagnostics, Assessments, and Tools after the COVID-19 Pandemic Experience and Beyond: Insights from the EUROCOVCAT Group. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E1035. [PMID: 33276612 PMCID: PMC7761628 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10121035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive deterioration of the visual function in patients on waiting lists for cataract surgery has a negative impact on their quality of life, especially in the elderly population. Patient waiting times for cataract surgeries in many healthcare settings have increased recently due to the prolonged stop or slowdown of elective cataract surgery as a result of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The aim of this review is to highlight the impact of such a "de-prioritization" of cataract surgery and to summarize some critical issues and useful hints on how to reorganize cataract pathways, with a special focus on perioperative diagnostic tools during the recovery phase and beyond. The experiences of a group of surgeons originating from nine different countries, named the European COVID-19 Cataract Group (EUROCOVCAT), have been combined with the literature and recommendations from scientific ophthalmic societies and healthcare institutions. Key considerations for elective cataract surgery should include the reduction of the number of unnecessary visits and examinations, adoption of precautionary measures, and implementation of telemedicine instruments. New strategies should be adopted to provide an adequate level of assistance and to guarantee safety conditions. Flexibility will be the watchword and regular updates would be necessary following scientific insights and the development of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Tognetto
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | | | | | - Boris E. Malyugin
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Russian Federation, 127486 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ozlem Evren Kemer
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, 06800 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal;
| | - Robert Rejdak
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Miguel A. Teus
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alcalá, 28802 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Riikka Törnblom
- Department of Ophthalmology, TYKS Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland;
| | - Mario D. Toro
- Department of General Ophthalmology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-079 Lublin, Poland;
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alex L. Vinciguerra
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Rosa Giglio
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Chiara De Giacinto
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34134 Trieste, Italy; (A.L.V.); (R.G.); (C.D.G.)
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Choy DMY, Lee LKM, Yong VKY, Yip LWL. COVID-19: Additional Precautions against Aerosols for the Slit Lamp User. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 10:123-124. [PMID: 33229922 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Mun Yoong Choy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Sinagapore
| | - Llewellyn Kuan Ming Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Sinagapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Sinagapore
| | - Vernon Khet Yau Yong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Sinagapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Sinagapore
| | - Leonard Wei Leon Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group, Sinagapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Sinagapore
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Brandão‐de‐Resende C, Diniz‐Filho A, Almeida Brito F, Vasconcelos‐Santos DV. SARS‐CoV‐2 and COVID‐19 for the ophthalmologist. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 49:70-80. [DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Brandão‐de‐Resende
- Hospital São Geraldo Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Alberto Diniz‐Filho
- Hospital São Geraldo Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Fabiano Almeida Brito
- Departamento de Propedêutica Complementar Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Assessoria Científica Instituto Hermes Pardini Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos‐Santos
- Hospital São Geraldo Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Infectologia e Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
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