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Yotsukura E, Torii H, Mori K, Ogawa M, Hanyuda A, Negishi K, Kurihara T, Tsubota K. Slowing of Greater Axial Length Elongation Stemming from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic with Increasing Time Outdoors: The Tokyo Myopia Study. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100491. [PMID: 38827490 PMCID: PMC11141272 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the changes in axial length (AL) elongation and other ocular parameters before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Design A longitudinal school-based study. Participants Public elementary schoolchildren in Tokyo (grades 1-6; age, 6-12 years) participated in this study from 2018 to 2021. Methods All participants underwent eye examinations and provided written consent to measurements of the noncycloplegic refraction and ocular biometry including AL, among others. The students' parents also completed a questionnaire about the students' lifestyles. We included the right eye in our analysis and compared the changes in the ocular parameters among the periods using a linear mixed-effects model for repeated measures and examined the univariate and step-wise multiple regression analyses to evaluate the associations between myopia and other covariates. Main Outcome Measures Changes in AL elongation and other ocular parameters from 2018 to 2019 (prepandemic), that of 2019 to 2020 (immediately after the pandemic onset), and that of 2020 to 2021 (during the pandemic). Results A total of 578 students before the pandemic period, 432 immediately after the pandemic onset, and 457 during the pandemic period were evaluated. The changes in the ALs and spherical equivalents (SEs) a year before, immediately after onset, and during the pandemic were 0.31 mm/-0.20 diopter, 0.38 mm/-0.27 diopter, and 0.28 mm/-0.47 diopter, respectively (ALs, P < 0.001; SEs, P = 0.014). The results of the questionnaire showed that time spent outdoors daily had changed during the 3 years to 79, 63, and 77 minutes/day, respectively (P < 0.001). Time spent using smartphones or tablets increased year by year to 41, 52, and 62 minutes/day (P < 0.001). The greatest AL elongation occurred during the period when the shortest amount of time was spent outdoors during the 3 years. Conclusions These results suggested that the school closures and decreasing time spent outdoors might have caused greater AL elongation among schoolchildren in Tokyo; however, it is possible that, although the time spent in near work still increased, the return to the time spent outdoors to the prepandemic levels may have affected the slowing of AL elongation after lockdown. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erisa Yotsukura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- JINS Endowed Research Laboratory for Myopia, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Torii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiwako Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ogawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- JINS Endowed Research Laboratory for Myopia, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Negishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hong JD, Choi EH, Suh S, Bui JH, Storch AM, Walker KR, Shahraki K, Yanez C, Torres D, Espinoza J, Molina I, Suh DW. UCI EyeMobile Exam Findings from School Children Following on-Site Screening. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:1667-1678. [PMID: 38860118 PMCID: PMC11164085 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s460879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Uncorrected refractive errors (REs) and amblyopia can lead to visual impairment with deleterious effects on quality of life and academic performance. Early detection and treatment by community vision care programs, such as the UCI EyeMobile for Children, can aid in addressing preventable vision loss. Methods A total of 5074 children between the ages of 3 and 10 years were screened at 153 locations, including preschools, head start programs, and elementary schools within Orange County (OC), California (CA). Subsequently, 1024 children presented for comprehensive eye examinations. A retrospective analysis of all examined children was conducted, determining the frequency and severity of REs and amblyopia and the spectacle prescription rate by age. Propensity score matching analysis evaluated the effect of median household income on RE and amblyopia frequency. Results Among those who failed initial screening and were subsequently examined, significant rates of REs and amblyopia were detected: myopia (24.4%), hyperopia (35.4%), astigmatism (71.8%), anisometropia (8.9%), amblyopia (7.0%), and amblyopia risk (14.4%). A majority (65.0%) of those examined received prescription spectacles from UCI EyeMobile, with around a third requiring a new or updated prescription. The frequency of REs and amblyopia and the spectacle prescription rate were uniform across OC congressional districts. Myopia and amblyopia risk was positively and negatively associated with household income, respectively. Conclusion The UCI EyeMobile for Children serves as a vital vision care program, providing free vision screening, comprehensive eye examinations, and spectacles. A significant number of children required examination, and a high frequency of REs and amblyopia were detected in examined children, with subsequent provision of prescription spectacles to most children.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Hong
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elliot H Choi
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Susie Suh
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Bui
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Annabelle M Storch
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly R Walker
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kourosh Shahraki
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Carolina Yanez
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Diana Torres
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Espinoza
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Iliana Molina
- Shiley Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donny W Suh
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Jiang Y, Chen X, Cheng M, Li B, Lei Y, Lin IC, Xu G, Mingwei L, Zhou X, Wang X. Immediate versus delayed sequential bilateral ICL implantation: A retrospective comparison of vault height and visual outcomes. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2024:100075. [PMID: 38795866 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the visual outcomes and risks of suboptimal vault-related complications between immediate sequential bilateral ICL surgery (ISBICLS) and delayed sequential bilateral ICL surgery (DSBICLS). DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. METHODS Patients who underwent bilateral ICL implantation between November 2014 and December 2021 at the Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (Shanghai, China) were included and divided into two groups: (1) ISBICLS: both eye surgeries performed on the same day, and (2) DSBICLS: second eye surgery performed < 7 days following the first one. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to compare the visual outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of the suboptimal vaults. RESULTS Finally, 10,985 eyes were included. After PSM, 204 first surgery eyes and 162 s surgery eyes with complete postoperative data were matched. The safety and efficacy indices did not statistically differ between groups (all > 1.00), except that ISBICLS first surgery eyes achieved better efficacy index than DSBICLS group (1.03 ± 0.26 vs. 1.08 ± 0.23, P = 0.034). Excessive vault was observed in eight (4.06 %) ISBICLS first eyes, one (0.50 %) DSBICLS first eye, and none in the second surgery eye in either group. An insufficient vault was observed in one second eye and one DSBICLS second eye. We found no evidence of differences in the rate of excessive vault (OR = 0.831, 95 % CI: 0.426-1.622, P = 0.588) or insufficient vault (OR = 0.609, 95 % CI:0.062-5.850, P = 0.668). CONCLUSION ISBICLS provided safety, efficacy, and refraction predictability comparable to DSBICLS without increasing the risk of suboptimal vault-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjie Jiang
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xun Chen
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Mingrui Cheng
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Boliang Li
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yadi Lei
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - I-Chun Lin
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Guanghan Xu
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Li Mingwei
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Fudan University Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, National Health Commision, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China; Key laboratory of Myopia and Related Eye Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, An M. Analysis and validation of potential ICD-related biomarkers in development of myopia using machine learning. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:116. [PMID: 38411755 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to identify and verify potential biomarkers in the development of myopia associated with immunogenic cell death (ICD). METHODS We download high myopia (HM) dataset GSE136701 from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes in HM were identified to overlapped with ICD-related genes. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator were used to select the Hub genes. Furthermore, the correlation between the hub genes and immune infiltration, immune response activities, and hub genes Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis was investigated using Spearman's rank correlation. Prediction of the miRNAs upstream of the Hub genes was based on the TargetScan database. We used guinea pig lens-induced myopia model's scleral tissues performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We identified overlapped with ICD-related genes (LY96, IL1A, IL33, and AGER) and two genes (LY96 and AGER) as hub genes. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis and Spearman's rank correlation revealed that hub gene expression levels in HM were significantly correlated with the infiltration percentages of CD56dim natural killer cells, macrophages, immature B cells, and the immune response activities of APC co-stimulation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, such as terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, aminoacyl-trna biosynthesis, Huntington's disease, oxidative phosphorylation; there were a few additional signaling pathways compared to normal samples. Additionally, several miRNA were predicted as upstream regulators of LY96 and AGER. LY96 was identified as a significantly differentially expressed biomarker in myopia guinea pig's scleral tissues, as verified by qPCR. CONCLUSION LY96 was identified and verified as a ICD-related potential myopia biomarker. Molecular mechanisms or pathways involved in myopia development by LY96 requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Number 183, Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Number 183, Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meixia An
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Number 183, Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Lin Z, Xiao F, Cheng W. Eye exercises for myopia prevention and control: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:473-480. [PMID: 37740051 PMCID: PMC10858027 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02739-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of eye exercises in preventing and controlling myopia. METHODS We searched studies on eye exercises from nine Chinese and English databases from their inception to December 15, 2022. Using random-effect models and sensitivity/subgroup analyses, we estimated the effects of eye exercises compared to control on changes in three measures: visual acuity, refractive error (both quantified using standardized mean differences, SMDs), and protective/mitigating effects (assessed through risk ratios, RRs). RESULTS Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, with 921 participants. Nine studies had some concerns of bias in at least two domains, and two studies had a high risk of bias in two domains. Seven studies used visual acuity to measure myopia; visual acuity declined after eye-exercise interventions (SMD = -0.67, 95% CI -1.28 to -0.07, Z = 2.17, P = 0.03) and the effect was not better than control (SMD = -0.50, 95% CI -1.16 to 0.16, Z = 1.49, P = 0.14). Two studies used refractive error to measure myopia; the effect of eye-exercise interventions did not differ from control (SMD = -1.74, 95% CI -6.27 to 2.79, Z = 0.75, P = 0.45). Seven studies reported on protective/mitigating effects; eye exercises exhibited a greater protective/mitigating effect than control (RR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.23-0.71, Z = 3.13, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results suggest that eye exercises have limited to no efficacy in preventing or controlling myopia progression. Until robust evidence supports their efficacy, available evidence suggests retiring the eye-exercise policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Lin
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Feng Xiao
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiye Cheng
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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Fan H, Zhang X, Wei Q, Zhong Q, Liu M, Li B, Li S, Zhang R, Xie A. Myopia control efficacy of peripheral defocus soft contact lenses in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241229474. [PMID: 38298013 DOI: 10.1177/11206721241229474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of peripheral defocus soft contact lenses (PDSCLs) on controlling myopia progression in children and adolescents, and to compare it with orthokeratology (Ortho-K) and single vision lenses (SVLs). METHODS We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and WanFang Data databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that investigated the effects of PDSCLs on myopia control in children and adolescents. The published languages were limited to English and Chinese. The risk bias tool provided by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were used to assess the risk bias of included studies of RCTs and CTs. The published biases of included studies were assessed by Egger`s test. RESULTS We included 21 studies, comprising 13 RCTs and 8 cohort studies, with a total of 1337 participants in the PDSCLs group, 428 in the Ortho-K group, and 707 in the SVLs group. The meta-analysis indicated no significant difference between PDSCLs and Ortho-K in controlling the increase of diopter (MD = 0.01, 95% CI: -0.06, 0.09; P = 0.69) and axial length (MD = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.00; P = 0.28). Compared with SVLs, PDSCLs had a better effect in controlling the increase of diopter (MD = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.28; P < 0.00001) and axial length (MD = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.12, -0.09; P < 0.00001) in children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents wearing PDSCLs can achieve better myopia control than those wearing SVLs, and their effect is comparable to that of Ortho-K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Fan
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiumei Wei
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhong
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingqian Li
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Shilin Li
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Renwei Zhang
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Airui Xie
- Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
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Liang Y, Kang BS, Kee CS, Leung TW. Compensatory Interactions between Corneal and Internal Astigmatism despite Lifestyle Changes. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:154. [PMID: 38397266 PMCID: PMC10887046 DOI: 10.3390/children11020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study explores whether children's refractive errors and visual behaviors reverted to pre-COVID-19 levels a year after normal schooling resumed in Hong Kong as well as the impact of corneal and internal astigmatism on refractive astigmatism development. Vision survey data and questionnaire results collected in 2022 (n = 119) and 2020 (n = 173) were compared. Cross-sectional data showed similar proportions of astigmatism (cylindrical power ≥ 0.75 D) in the 2020 (49.1%) and 2022 cohorts (55.5%). Despite a 0.28 D increase in corneal astigmatism, a compensatory 0.24 D increase in internal astigmatism of opposite direction kept refractive astigmatism relatively stable. The questionnaire data showed that children spent an additional 0.5 h/day outdoors on weekends post-resumption of normal schooling but engaged in more near-work activities, especially non-screen near-work, by approximately 1 h/day on both weekdays and weekends. These findings were supported by longitudinal data from 72 children who participated in both surveys. This study highlights the significant role of corneal and internal astigmatism in refractive astigmatism changes. Despite the return to in-person classes, children's total near-work time increased and astigmatism remained high. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to reduce the high environmental risks for refractive error development in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (Y.L.); (B.-S.K.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Byung-Soo Kang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (Y.L.); (B.-S.K.); (C.-S.K.)
| | - Chea-Su Kee
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (Y.L.); (B.-S.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Wing Leung
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (Y.L.); (B.-S.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Wan KH, Radke NV, Wong RLM, Jonas JB. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Infodemic: Separating the Signal From the Noise. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:507-508. [PMID: 38079269 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin H Wan
- The International Eye Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- The C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, C-MER International Eye Care Group, Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nishant Vijay Radke
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, The C-MER (Shenzhen) Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Raymond L M Wong
- The International Eye Research Institute of The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ramírez-Ortiz MA, Amato-Almanza M, Romero-Bautista I, Klunder-Klunder M, Aguirre-Luna O, Kuzhda I, Resnikoff S, Eckert KA, Lansingh VC. A large-scale analysis of refractive errors in students attending public primary schools in Mexico. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13509. [PMID: 37598286 PMCID: PMC10439951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted from September 2013 through July 2014 to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among students attending public primary schools in Mexico. Among 3,861,156 students at 14,566 public primary schools in all 32 states of Mexico, teachers identified reduced visual acuity in 1,253,589 (32.5%) using visual acuity measurement. Optometrists confirmed 391,498 [31.2%, mean (SD) age: 8.8 (1.9) years; 204,110 girls (52.9%)] had refractive errors using visual acuity measurement and noncycloplegic static retinoscopy. Among 288,537 (72.4%) of children with previous eyeglasses usage data reported, 241,505 (83.7%) had uncorrected refractive errors. Before prescription eyeglasses were provided, 281,891 students (72%) had logMAR visual acuity ≤ 0.2; eyeglasses corrected vision loss in 85.6% (n = 241,352) of them. Simple myopic astigmatism was the most frequent refractive error (25.7%, n = 100,545). Astigmatism > - 1.00 diopters was present in 54.6% of all students with ametropia. The anisometropia rate based on spherical equivalent difference between right and left eye ≥ 1.50 diopters was 3.9% (n = 15,402). Uncorrected refractive errors are an important issue in primary school students in Mexico. An updated study is needed to analyze the evolving trends over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica Amato-Almanza
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Oswaldo Aguirre-Luna
- Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iryna Kuzhda
- Ophthalmology Department, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Serge Resnikoff
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Van Charles Lansingh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- HelpMeSee, New York, NY, USA.
- See Better to Learn Better Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología, Av. Armando Birlain Shaffler S/N, Centro Sur, 76090, Santiago de Querétaro, QRO, Mexico.
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Zhou X, Liu T, Wu A, Cheng B, Chen M, Wang K. Prevalence of myopia among senior students in Fenghua, Eastern China, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1180800. [PMID: 37346105 PMCID: PMC10279843 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1180800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia is a common cause of vision impairment worldwide. In China, the prevalence, the affected population, and the onset age of myopia are prominent issues. Prevention and intervention of myopia are great public health concerns. Methods This school-based retrospective study retrieved visual acuity and refractive data of senior students (grade 12th) from six high schools in Fenghua City, Zhejiang Province, eastern China, from 2016 and 2022. Noncycloplegic autorefraction was performed for refractive status. Students were divided into three subgroups by their school types. The overall myopia prevalence, as well as the prevalence of low myopia, moderate myopia, and high myopia, were calculated separately for each year. Statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS 25.0 and Graphpad Prism software. Results The mean myopia prevalence in Fenghua was 84.5% (95% CI: 84.0-85.0%), and a slightly downward trend was found in myopia prevalence after 2019, but the change was not statistically significant (p = 0.078). The overall prevalence of myopia was 79.6, 85.2, and 86.1% in vocational high schools, general high schools, and key high schools, respectively, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia among senior students in the vocational high school was significantly lower than that in the other two high schools. There's no significant change in the overall prevalence of myopia (84.7% vs. 84.3%, p = 0.265) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it remained statistically insignificant after stratifying by gender (male p = 0.207, female p = 0.918) or school types (vocational high school p = 0.112; general high school p = 0.299; key high school p = 0.393). Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among senior students in Fenghua is relatively high, and the COVID-19 pandemic has no significant impact on it. The prevalence of myopia among vocational high school students is lower than that of general high school and key high school. Attention should be paid to the effects of educational pressure on the prevalence of myopia among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Fenghua, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Eye Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Fenghua, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People’s Hospital of Fenghua, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Eye Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- Eye Center, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
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Ma Y, Lin Q, Zhao Q, Jin ZB. Prevalence and Characteristics of Myopia in Adult Rhesus Macaques in Southwest China. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 36947048 PMCID: PMC10050901 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the prevalence of myopia in a large cohort of adult rhesus macaques at Yunnan Province in southwest China and describe the characteristics of myopic rhesus macaque eyes. Methods A total of 219 rhesus macaques 14.07 ± 2.72 years old (range, 8-21) were randomly recruited for this study. We performed fundus photography and measurements of cycloplegic refractive error (RE) and axial length (AL) on macaques. Results A total of 429 eyes of 219 macaques were examined. The median RE was -1.25 diopters (D), and the median AL was 18.69 mm. The prevalence of myopia was 62.47%, and one-third of the myopic eyes were highly myopic. The presence of fundus tessellations was higher in myopic eyes than non-myopic eyes (42.54% vs. 6.21%). The cutoff value for the presence of tessellations was -3.52 D for RE and 19.38 mm for AL. In myopic eyes, there were significant differences between grade 1 and grade 3 fundus tessellations on RE (-5.57 ± 2.97 D vs. -8.13 ± 3.51 D) and AL (19.66 ± 0.55 mm vs. 20.60 ± 1.06 mm). Beta-peripapillary atrophy (β-PPA) was found in 48.10% of myopic eyes and 6.83% of non-myopic eyes. The presence of β-PPA is associated with the presence of fundus tessellations, AL, and RE. The presence of β-PPA was higher in grade 3 than grade 1 fundus tessellations (94.4% vs. 76%). Conclusions More than half of adult rhesus macaques in southwest China are myopic, and one-third of the myopic ones are highly myopic. Similar to humans, tessellated fundi and β-PPA are the characteristic signs of myopic rhesus macaques. Adult rhesus macaques are optimal animal models for research on the pathogenesis of myopia. Translational Relevance This study not only provides a reference for the refractive state and AL in myopic rhesus macaques but also indicates that adult rhesus macaques with spontaneous myopia are optimal animal models for research on the pathogenesis of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ma
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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12
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Huang L, Chen X, Lin J, Fan X, Chen T, Yu Y, Chen J, Hu J. Association between sleep duration and myopia among Chinese children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1015138. [PMID: 36699911 PMCID: PMC9868807 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1015138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The studies on the association between sleep duration and myopia are limited, and the evidence is inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and myopia, cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) among Chinese children during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study on Chinese children aged 6-18 years. The comprehensive ophthalmic examinations for children included cycloplegic SE, AL, and standardized questionnaires. The questionnaire included sleep duration, parental myopia, outdoor time, and continuous near work duration without breaks. Myopia was defined as SE ≤-0.50 diopters (D). Results A total of 1,140 children were included in the analyses, with 84.7% of myopic children and 74.4% of children's daily sleep duration being more than 8 h/d. In univariate regression analysis, compared with sleep duration < 8 h/d, children with sleep duration of 8-9 and >9 h/d were less myopia (p < 0.01 for all), and had less myopic SE (p < 0.01 for all), and shorter AL (p < 0.01 for all). After adjusting for age, gender, parental myopia, outdoor time, and continuous near work duration without breaks, sleep duration was not associated with myopia, cycloplegic SE, and AL (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusions This study showed sleep duration was related to myopia, cycloplegic SE, and AL among Chinese children during the COVID-19 pandemic-related lifestyles, but no independent association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoming Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,The Research Center for Juvenile Myopia Prevention and Control of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuelan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,The Research Center for Juvenile Myopia Prevention and Control of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China,Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Eye Institute and Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Ting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,The Research Center for Juvenile Myopia Prevention and Control of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China,Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,The Research Center for Juvenile Myopia Prevention and Control of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China,Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,The Research Center for Juvenile Myopia Prevention and Control of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China,Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China,The Research Center for Juvenile Myopia Prevention and Control of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China,Engineering Research Center of Assistive Technology for Visual Impairment, Fujian Province University, Quanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianmin Hu ✉
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Wan KH, Jonas JB. Impact of Digital Technology on Eye Diseases During COVID-19. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:401-402. [PMID: 36102638 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin H Wan
- C-MER International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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