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Waite E, Jenkinson E, Kershaw S, Guest E. Psychosocial Interventions for Children and Young People With Visible Differences Resulting From Appearance-Altering Conditions, Injury, or Treatment Effects: An Updated Systematic Review. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:77-88. [PMID: 37944011 PMCID: PMC10799722 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children and young people with visible differences can experience psychosocial difficulties, such as anxiety and teasing by others. Interventions targeting difficulties have previously been reviewed by Jenkinson et al. This review aimed to identify and critically assess recent studies evaluating the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for children and young people with visible differences on psychosocial wellbeing, self-esteem, and social experiences and compare the findings with Jenkinson et al. using a replacement review process. METHODS Inclusion criteria are as follows: studies with participants aged 0-18 years with visible differences; investigating a psychosocial intervention; including comparison with an alternative intervention, control group, or pre- and post-intervention; and including a quantitative measure assessed pre- and post-intervention. Exclusion criteria are as follows: participants with body dysmorphic disorder or appearance changes due to eating disorders or obesity and studies not written in English. MEDLINE, AMED, and PsycInfo were searched and grey literature was included. Results were reviewed against eligibility criteria, data were extracted, and studies were evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. RESULTS Using Jenkinson et al. as one source of studies, 24 studies were included evaluating a range of interventions such as social interaction skills training, residential social camps, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Risk of bias was high in 20 studies and of some concern in four studies. CONCLUSION There is some evidence of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy, a relaxation response resiliency program, integrative body-mind-spirit group, and therapeutic patient education, but more rigorous research is needed to confirm their impact on psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Waite
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Jenkinson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol, UK
| | | | - Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol, UK
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2
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Turner E, Robinson DM, Roaten K. Psychological Issues. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2023; 34:849-866. [PMID: 37806702 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Psychological distress is common following a burn injury, and many burn survivors have pre-morbid psychiatric illnesses including mood and trauma-related disorders, and substance and alcohol use. This article is intended to be used by all interdisciplinary health care team members to improve the identification and treatment of common psychological concerns experienced by survivors and is organized to follow the general recovery timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Turner
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite CS6.104B, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Diana M Robinson
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite CS6.104B, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kimberly Roaten
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Suite CS6.104B, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Won P, Ding L, McMullen K, Yenikomshian HA. Post-Burn Psychosocial Outcomes in Pediatric Minority Patients in the United States: An Observational Cohort Burn Model System Study. EUROPEAN BURN JOURNAL 2023; 4:173-183. [PMID: 37359277 PMCID: PMC10290777 DOI: 10.3390/ebj4020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Racial and ethnic minority burn patients face barriers to longitudinal psychosocial support after injury. Studies utilizing the Burn Model System (BMS) National Database report adult minority patients experience worse psychosocial outcomes in domains such as body image during burn recovery. No study to date has investigated disparities in psychosocial outcomes by racial or ethnic category in the pediatric population using the BMS database. This observational cohort study addresses this gap and examines seven psychosocial outcomes (levels of anger, sadness, depression, anxiety, fatigue, peer relationships, and pain) in pediatric burn patients. The BMS database is a national collection of burn patient outcomes from four centers in the United States. BMS outcomes collected were analyzed using multi-level, linear mixed effects regression modeling to examine associations between race/ethnicity and outcomes at discharge after index hospitalization, and 6- and 12-months post-injury. A total of 275 pediatric patients were included, of which 199 (72.3%) were Hispanic. After burn injury, of which the total body surface area was significantly associated with racial/ethnicity category (p < 0.01), minority patients more often reported higher levels of sadness, fatigue, and pain interference and lower levels of peer relationships compared to Non-Hispanic, White patients, although no significant differences existed. Black patients reported significantly increased sadness at six months (β = 9.31, p = 0.02) compared to discharge. Following burn injury, adult minority patients report significantly worse psychosocial outcomes than non-minority patients. However, these differences are less profound in pediatric populations. Further investigation is needed to understand why this change happens as individuals become adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Won
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Population and Public Health Science, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kara McMullen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, USA
| | - Haig A. Yenikomshian
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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4
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Ross EE, Colbath RA, Yu J, Munabi N, Gillenwater TJ, Yenikomshian HA. Peer Support Groups: Identifying Disparities to Improve Participation. J Burn Care Res 2022; 43:1019-1023. [PMID: 35781574 PMCID: PMC9435488 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Disparities in psychosocial outcomes after burn injury exist in patients from racial or ethnic minority groups in the United States. Peer support groups can help patients with many psychosocial aspects of recovery from burns; however, access to such support among patients of racial and ethnic minority or low socioeconomic groups are unknown. The present study examined participation rates in outpatient peer support within this patient population. Patients attending outpatient clinic at an urban safety-net hospital and regional burn center with a majority minority patient population were asked about participation in burn survivor group, interest in joining a group, and given validated survey questions about managing emotions and social interactions since injury. Current or past participation in peer support was low (4.2%), and 30.3% of patients not already in support group were interested in joining. Interest in future participation in peer support was highest among Hispanic patients (37.0%) and lowest among Black patients (0%). Logistic regression models demonstrated that increased total body surface area burned, hospital length of stay, and need for surgical intervention were associated with interest in joining or having joined a peer support group. Effectiveness of management of emotions and social interactions were not associated with interest in joining peer support in the future. These findings demonstrate a considerable difference between levels of interest and participation in peer support within this population. Improving access to and education about benefits of peer support in underresourced communities may help to address the variation in psychosocial outcomes of patients across racial or ethnic minority groups recovering from burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Ross
- From the Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachel A Colbath
- From the Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Yu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naikhoba Munabi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T Justin Gillenwater
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haig A Yenikomshian
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of SouthernCalifornia, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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5
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Saquib SF, Slinkard-Barnum S, Navis IL, Chacon DW, Quinn KC, Palmieri TA, Newman A, Kuhls DA. Pediatric Burn Care: How Burn Camps Survived and Thrived During the Coronavirus Pandemic. J Burn Care Res 2022; 44:227-233. [PMID: 35986412 PMCID: PMC9383596 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Burn camps play a vital role in the recovery of burn survivors by allowing them to develop the confidence and skill sets needed to reintegrate back into society. During the COVID-19 pandemic, burn camps across the United States and Canada could not hold any in-person activities. They had to either pause burn camps or quickly adapt to a virtual online platform. A 37-item electronic survey was developed and emailed to burn camp directors in the United States and Canada to determine what adaptations were necessary during the pandemic. This survey allowed directors to provide details on many facets such as camp format, successes observed, and challenges encountered. Twenty-one of 34 (62%) burn camp organizations completed the survey. Thirteen of the 21 (62%) respondents held virtual burn camps in 2020 while everyone else canceled their camps in 2020. The mean number of camps offered per organization decreased from 6.3 in 2019 to 4.7 in 2020. The average number of burn survivors and family members participating also dropped in that same period (2019 aggregate mean = 229.2 vs 2020 aggregate mean = 151.4). Components of virtual camp included video conferencing platforms, "camp-in-a-box" activities, and some prerecorded sessions. Most camp directors believed that their campers were satisfied with the virtual format. Factors allowing for a successful virtual camp included an effective online platform, scheduling adequate duration of programs, and appropriate staffing levels. Most common barriers to an effective virtual camp were participant engagement, special needs/accessibility concerns, and staff effectiveness in this format. While challenging, burn camps can be held in a virtual format successfully with proper planning, staff training, and support of campers and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed F Saquib
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV- Las Vegas, Nevada,University Medical Center Lions Burn Care Center- Las Vegas Nevada,Name for Correspondence: Syed F. Saquib, MD FACS, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV , 1701 Charleston Blvd, #490, Las Vegas, NV 89102, , Phone: 702-671-2201, Fax: 702-671-2245
| | | | - Irene L Navis
- University Medical Center Lions Burn Care Center- Las Vegas Nevada,Western Regional Alliance for Pediatric Emergency Management-Nevada Coordinator
| | | | | | - Tina A Palmieri
- University of California Davis Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California- Sacramento, California
| | | | - Deborah A Kuhls
- Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV- Las Vegas, Nevada,University Medical Center Lions Burn Care Center- Las Vegas Nevada
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Won P, Bello MS, Stoycos SA, Carrera BT, Kurakazu DM, Briere J, Garner WL, Gillenwater J, Yenikomshian HA. The Impact of Peer Support Group Programs on Psychosocial Outcomes for Burn Survivors and Caregivers: A Review of the Literature. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:600-609. [PMID: 33677491 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peer support group programs are often recommended for burn survivors as a way to facilitate their psychosocial recovery and reintegration into the community. Such programs provide opportunities for burn patients and their caretakers to access emotional and informational support from healthcare providers and other survivors in inpatient or outpatient settings. Despite their popularity, however, there is little information currently available on the efficacy of these groups. In response, we reviewed the existing literature on peer support group programs and their impacts on psychosocial outcomes for burn survivors and their caregivers. A systematic review of the literature utilizing PubMed, PsycINFO, and Medline databases was conducted for articles published between 1990 and 2018. Twenty-five articles including inpatient, outpatient, integrative peer support groups, and burn camps met our inclusion criteria. All inpatient peer support group program articles (n = 4) reported associations with psychosocial improvements. Integrative peer support group program articles (n = 2) reported associations with social integration and reduction in post-traumatic stress and anxiety. All outpatient peer support group program articles (n = 8) demonstrated associations with psychosocial outcomes involving life satisfaction, acceptance of self, and reduced levels of isolation. Findings were less consistent for burn camps: eight articles suggested improvements in psychological outcomes while three articles reported no significant psychosocial effects. Although these results are encouraging, further study is indicated both to replicate these findings, and to determine the optimal implementation of inpatient and outpatient peer support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Won
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariel S Bello
- LAC+USC Hospital, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Stoycos
- LAC+USC Hospital, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brenda T Carrera
- LAC+USC Hospital, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dawn M Kurakazu
- LAC+USC Hospital, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Briere
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Warren L Garner
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin Gillenwater
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haig A Yenikomshian
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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7
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Van Niekerk A, Jacobs R, Hornsby N, Singh-Adriaanse R, Sengoelge M, Laflamme L. Enablers of psychosocial recovery in pediatric burns: perspectives from the children, parents and burn recovery support staff. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:289. [PMID: 32517795 PMCID: PMC7282055 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pediatric burn injuries are a major cause of death and injury, occurring mainly in resource poor environments. Recovery from burns is widely reported to be constrained by physical, psychological, relationship and reintegration challenges. These challenges have been widely described, but not the enablers of psychosocial recovery. This is especially true in pediatric burn research, with few multi- perspective studies on the recovery process. Methods This qualitative study involved 8 focus group discussions (four with 15 children post-burn injury, four with 15 caregivers) and 12 individual interviews with staff working in pediatric burns that explored the psychosocial needs of children after a burn and the enablers of their recovery. Purposive sampling was utilized and recruitment of all three categories of participants was done primarily through the only hospital burns unit in the Western Cape, South Africa. The interviews focused on factors that supported the child’s recovery and were sequentially facilitated from the child and the family’s experiences during hospitalization, to the return home to family and friends, followed by re-entry into school. Thematic analysis was used to analyze verbatim interview transcripts. Results The recovery enablers that emerged included: (i) Presence and reassurance; indicating the comfort and practical help provided by family and close friends in the hospital and throughout the recovery process; (ii) Normalizing interactions and acceptance; where children were treated the same as before the injury to promote the acceptance of self and by others especially once the child returned home; and (iii) Sensitization of others and protection; signifying how persons around the child had assisted the children to deal with issues in the reintegration process including the re-entry to school. Conclusions This study indicates that the psychosocial recovery process of children hospitalized for burns is enabled by the supportive relationships from family members, close friends and burn staff, present during hospitalization, the return home, and school re-entry. Support included comfort and physical presence of trusted others and emotional support; affirmation of the child’s identity and belonging despite appearance changes; and the advocacy and protection for the re-entry back into the school, and more generally the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Van Niekerk
- Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa. .,Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Roxanne Jacobs
- Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa.,The Alan J. Flisher Centre of Public Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nancy Hornsby
- Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Robyn Singh-Adriaanse
- Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of South Africa, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Mathilde Sengoelge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucie Laflamme
- Institute for Social and Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hornsby N, Blom L, Sengoelge M. Psychosocial Interventions Targeting Recovery in Child and Adolescent Burns: A Systematic Review. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:15-33. [PMID: 31697370 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsz087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Children post-burn injury experience a range of psychosocial sequelae that benefit from early provision of psychosocial support. However, no systematic review exists evaluating the full range of psychological interventions. OBJECTIVE To critically evaluate psychosocial interventions for children (<18 years old) with burn injuries in improving psychosocial recovery. STUDY DESIGN All-language studies were identified from inception to March 2018 in six electronic databases and appraised according to PRISMA checklist and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for quality. Studies were stratified into three groups: distraction (virtual reality, child life therapy, imagery-based therapy, hypnosis), burn camps, and other (social skills, cognitive behavioral therapy, parent group counseling). RESULTS Out of a total of 5,456 articles identified, 297 underwent full review resulting in 27 included articles published between 1986 and 2018. Sample sizes ranged from 9 to 266, comprising child and adult participants. A range of interventions and psychosocial outcome measures were found. Several studies (n = 21) reported statistically significant improvements in outcome; the majority were distraction interventions to reduce pain and anxiety. A limited number of studies showing effect was found for cognitive behavioral therapy and parent counseling. Risk of bias was high in studies of burn camps and mixed for all other interventions. CONCLUSIONS A range of psychosocial interventions and outcome tools exist in pediatric burns. Distraction interventions prior to and/or during dressing changes or physical therapy were shown to effectively reduce pain and anxiety for a wide range of pediatric ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Hornsby
- Violence, Injury and Peace Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council-UNISA
| | - Lisa Blom
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Global Health
| | - Mathilde Sengoelge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Global Health
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Kornhaber R, Visentin D, Kaji Thapa D, West S, Haik J, Cleary M. Burn camps for burns survivors-Realising the benefits for early adjustment: A systematic review. Burns 2019; 46:33-43. [PMID: 30638667 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Child and adolescent burn survivors benefit from skills to cope with the physical and mental challenges associated with their injuries. Burn camps can offer an opportunity to build these skills. In this study, we systematically review the best available evidence on burn camps in order to better assess their impact on burn survivors. METHOD A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 815 articles on recreational therapeutic camps for burn survivors were retrieved from PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus restricted to the English language and published before or by May 2018. Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) for Qualitative Studies Checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for non-randomized experimental studies were used to assess the methodological rigour of the quantitative studies. RESULTS Quantitative data did not support any long-lasting impacts on psychosocial wellbeing. Qualitative data showed children, parents and staff all perceived benefits from camp attendance, including companionship and belonging. CONCLUSION Further research is required to understand the lack on congruence between qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data suggests burn camps are beneficial for children with burn injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kornhaber
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Denis Visentin
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Deependra Kaji Thapa
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sancia West
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josef Haik
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Adjunct Professor, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michelle Cleary
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Faith MA, Mayes S, Pratt CD, Carter C. Improvements in Hope and Beliefs about Illness Following a Summer Camp for Youth with Chronic Illnesses. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 44:56-62. [PMID: 30683282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated changes in hope, attitude toward illness, and perceptions of illness benefit and burden following participation in a summer camp designed for youth with a variety of chronic illnesses. Participants were 62 youth campers (Age M = 13.45 years, SD = 2.41) with a variety of chronic illnesses. For youth who began camp low in hope about future goal attainment, participation in optional camp activities negatively predicted post-camp hope about future goal attainment. This relation was nonsignificant for campers who began camp high in hope. We found no significant changes in attitude toward illness or perceptions of illness benefit or burden. This study provides an important contribution to burgeoning research on summer camps designed for children with varying chronic illnesses. Findings were inconsistent with previous studies on chronic illness summer camp outcomes. Further work is needed to identify camp components that are related to desirable psychosocial outcomes for youth with chronic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Faith
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Sunnye Mayes
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chelsea D Pratt
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carrick Carter
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Armstrong-James L, Cadogan J, Williamson H, Rumsey N, Harcourt D. An evaluation of the impact of a burn camp on children and young people's concerns about social situations, satisfaction with appearance and behaviour. Scars Burn Heal 2018; 4:2059513118816219. [PMID: 30574405 PMCID: PMC6295691 DOI: 10.1177/2059513118816219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This evaluation aimed to assess the impact of a burn camp on children and young people's concerns about social situations, satisfaction with appearance and behaviour. METHODS Young people completed the Perceived Stigmatisation Questionnaire (PSQ), Social Comfort Questionnaire (SCQ) and Satisfaction with Appearance Scale (SWAP) one month before camp (n=23), on the last day of camp (n=21) and at a three-month follow-up (n=13). Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) one month before camp (n = 22) and at follow-up (n=12). Parents and young people also completed open-ended questions before camp and at the follow-up. RESULTS Results in this evaluation were mixed. While parents' reported scores on the SDQ were poorer after camp, young people's reported outcomes on all three measures improved at the end of camp. PSQ and SWAP scores were maintained and improved, respectively, at the follow-up. Qualitative responses were generally consistent with these scores. Significant improvements were found between the scores before camp and at the three-month follow-up for both the SWAP and PSQ. These results indicate that the burn camp may help to improve young people's satisfaction with their appearance and concerns about social situations. However, there was no comparison group and there was a significant loss of participants at follow-up. CONCLUSION Burn camps may therefore offer a range of psychosocial benefits to young people with burn injuries. This was the first evaluation to demonstrate a positive impact of a burn camp on satisfaction with appearance and concerns about social situations using outcome measures validated with the burns population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Armstrong-James
- Centre for Appearance Research, Faculty of Health & Applied Science, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Julia Cadogan
- Children’s Burns Research Centre, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, UK
| | - Heidi Williamson
- Centre for Appearance Research, Faculty of Health & Applied Science, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Nichola Rumsey
- Centre for Appearance Research, Faculty of Health & Applied Science, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, UK
| | - Diana Harcourt
- Centre for Appearance Research, Faculty of Health & Applied Science, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, UK
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12
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Pan R, Dos Santos BD, Nascimento LC, Rossi LA, Geenen R, Van Loey NE. School reintegration of pediatric burn survivors: An integrative literature review. Burns 2017. [PMID: 28624354 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The school is an essential context for children's social interaction with peers and to develop academic skills. Therefore, a fast reintegration can help children with burns to normalize their life. Thus, school reintegration is an important outcome after burns. The aim of this review was to systematically synthesize the literature addressing school reintegration programs of pediatric burns survivors. METHODS Five electronic databases were searched independently by two reviewers. The search yielded 13 eligible publications. A qualitative content analysis was conducted. RESULTS The two themes identified centered around (1) the roles, obstacles, and support for the different stakeholders (i.e., the child, parents and teacher) and (2) the contents of the school reintegration programs in which subthemes such as purpose, planning, essential elements, team, and effect were distinguished. The results show that return to school should start as soon as the child is admitted to the hospital and the program should acknowledge the different stakeholders' needs and tailor the program to these needs. CONCLUSION The review emphasizes the necessity of an integrated school reintegration program empowering both the child, the parents and the teachers and tailored to the child's specific situation. Furthermore, it offers recommendations for further improvement of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Pan
- Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais at Poços de Caldas, Department of Nursing, Poços de Caldas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Domingos Dos Santos
- Psychiatric Nursing program, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucila Castanheira Nascimento
- Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing Department, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lídia Aparecida Rossi
- General and Specialized Nursing Department, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rinie Geenen
- Utrecht University, Department of Psychology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nancy E Van Loey
- Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Utrecht University, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Beverwijk, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Bultas MW, Steurer LM, Balakas K, Brooks C, Fields H. Psychosocial outcomes of a summer overnight recreational experience for children with heart disease. J Child Health Care 2015; 19:542-9. [PMID: 24951544 DOI: 10.1177/1367493514540350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Children with chronic heart disease (CHD) are often turned away from recreational summer overnight experiences because of complicated medical histories and medication regimens. The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate the psychosocial impact of a five-day overnight recreational experience for children with CHD and their parents. Thirty-six children with CHD between the age of 8 and 15 years and their parents participated in the study. Data were collected from the children using photovoice interviews. Parent data were collected using a post camp survey. Results included the following external outcome themes: inclusion in a peer group and the importance of friendship, fun, and safety. Internal or personal outcome themes included counselor as a role model, increased self-confidence, and the realization of life's possibilities. Parent themes included increased child independence, increased child confidence, and child feelings of normalcy related to belonging to a peer group. Findings from this study can be used to encourage families of children with CHD to allow participation in a well-supervised overnight recreational experience. Such an experience can foster the child's overall development, provide peer group support, and reduce parent anxiety about overnight separation from the child.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa M Steurer
- St. Louis University School of Nursing, USASt. Louis Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Karen Balakas
- St. Louis University School of Nursing, USASt. Louis Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Charlotte Brooks
- St. Louis University School of Nursing, USASt. Louis Children's Hospital, USA
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Jenkinson E, Williamson H, Byron-Daniel J, Moss TP. Systematic Review: Psychosocial Interventions for Children and Young People With Visible Differences Resulting From Appearance Altering Conditions, Injury, or Treatment Effects. J Pediatr Psychol 2015; 40:1017-33. [PMID: 26006051 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate critically the evidence of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for children/young people (<18 years old) with visible differences in improving self-esteem, social experiences, psychological well-being, and behavioral outcomes. METHODS Studies were systematically identified using electronic databases, appraised according to eligibility criteria and evaluated for risk of bias. Findings were reported using the PRISMA checklist. RESULTS Studies were identified that evaluated residential social camps, exercise with counseling, social skills training (SIST), behavioral therapy (BT), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Risk of bias within studies was high. Camp studies and exercise with counseling showed little or no effect postintervention on self-esteem, social experiences, and psychological well-being. The five studies evaluating SIST, CBT, and BT provided limited support for their effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Evidence base is inconclusive. Further rigorous research using appropriate outcome measures to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for young people with visible differences is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Williamson
- The Centre of Appearance Research, University of the West of England
| | | | - Timothy P Moss
- The Centre of Appearance Research, University of the West of England
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Griffiths C, Armstrong-James L, White P, Rumsey N, Pleat J, Harcourt D. A systematic review of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) used in child and adolescent burn research. Burns 2014; 41:212-24. [PMID: 25300756 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) can identify important information about patient needs and therapeutic progress. The aim of this review was to identify the PROMs that are being used in child and adolescent burn care and to determine the quality of such scales. METHODS Computerised and manual bibliographic searches of Medline, Social Sciences Index, Cinahl, Psychinfo, Psycharticles, AMED, and HAPI, were used to identify English-language articles using English-language PROMs from January 2001 to March 2013. The psychometric quality of the PROMs was assessed. RESULTS 23 studies met the entry criteria and identified 32 different PROMs (31 generic, 1 burns-specific). Overall, the psychometric quality of the PROMs was low; only two generic scales (the Perceived Stigmatisation Questionnaire and the Social Comfort Scale) and only one burns-specific scale (the Children Burn Outcomes Questionnaire for children aged 5-18) had psychometric evidence relevant to this population. CONCLUSIONS The majority of PROMs did not have psychometric evidence for their use with child or adolescent burn patients. To appropriately identify the needs and treatment progress of child and adolescent burn patients, new burns-specific PROMs need to be developed and validated to reflect issues that are of importance to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Griffiths
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - L Armstrong-James
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - P White
- Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - N Rumsey
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - J Pleat
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - D Harcourt
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Burn injuries are a huge public health issue for children throughout the world, with the majority occurring in developing countries. Burn injuries can leave a pediatric patient with severely debilitating and deforming contractures, which can lead to significant disability when left untreated. Rehabilitation is an essential and integral part of pediatric burn treatment. The aim of this article was to review the literature on pediatric burn rehabilitation from the Medline, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases. An attempt has been made to present the basic aspects of burn rehabilitation, provide practical information, and discuss the goals and conceptualization of rehabilitation as well as the development of rehabilitation philosophy and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ohgi
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shouzhi Gu
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Seirei Christopher University, Shizuoka, Japan
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Woods K, Mayes S, Bartley E, Fedele D, Ryan J. An Evaluation of Psychosocial Outcomes for Children and Adolescents Attending a Summer Camp for Youth With Chronic Illness. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2013.753822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Burn-Injured Adolescents Report Gaining Multiple Developmental Benefits and Improved Life Skills as a Result of Burn Camp Attendance. J Burn Care Res 2012; 33:552-60. [DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e318242ef11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Impact of pediatric burn camps on participants’ self esteem and body image: An empirical study. Burns 2011; 37:1317-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Employment outcomes after burn injury: a comparison of those burned at work and those burned outside of work. J Burn Care Res 2011; 32:294-301. [PMID: 21228711 DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0b013e31820aaf56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study compares employment rates and barriers to return to work in subjects burned at work with those burned outside of work. Further, this study examines the influence of electrical etiology on return to work outcomes. The electronic records of burn survivors treated at a Regional Burn Center outpatient clinic from 2001 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria included employment at the time of burn injury and age of 18 years or older. Demographic and medical data were collected. Documentation of barriers to return to work was reviewed and classified into eight categories. Return to employment was grouped into four time intervals: 0 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 12, and greater than 12 months after injury. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of unemployment at greater than 1 year for subjects burned at work, outside of work, and those burned at work without electric injury. The authors identified 197 patients for inclusion in the study. Their age was 37 ± 0.8 years (mean ± SEM), and TBSA burned was 16 ± 1%. Fifty percent of subjects were burned at work. Electric etiology was seen only in those burned at work (n = 24). Forty-four percent (n = 43) of subjects injured at work remained unemployed at 1 year compared with 22% (n = 22) of subjects injured outside of work. The most frequent employment barriers included pain (72%), neurologic problems (62%), and psychiatric problems (53%) for those burned at work; and pain (63%), neurologic problems (59%), and impaired mobility (54%) for those burned outside of work. Significant predictors of unemployment at greater than 12 months included burn at work, pain, impaired mobility, other medical problems, and inpatient rehabilitation (P < .05). When the electrical injury subjects are removed from the analysis, significant predictors of unemployment at 12 months include burn at work, pain, inpatient rehabilitation, and length of stay (P < .05). Burn survivors experience multiple complex barriers in returning to work. Burn at work is a significant predictor of unemployment at 1 year even after controlling for electric etiology. Further study is required to better understand the influence of work setting on employment outcomes.
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Abstract
The first summer camps for children with burn injuries started over 25 years ago, and as of 2008, there were 60 camps worldwide. This review examines the literature on summer pediatric burn camps. The authors describe common characteristics of burn camp structure, activities, and staffing and then examine the scientific evidence regarding the effect of burn camp programs on campers and camp staff volunteers. A search of Pubmed and Psychinfo databases from 1970 to 2008 for articles related to pediatric burn summer camps identified 17 articles, of which 13 fit the inclusion criteria. Existing literature consists primarily of qualitative studies, suggesting that burn camp can decrease camper isolation, improve self-esteem, and promote coping and social skills. Studies examining volunteer staff at burn camp have consistently found that there are both personal and professional benefits. Quantitative studies of self-esteem have yielded equivocal results. No studies have examined safety or the effect of burn camp on medical or rehabilitation outcomes. For the past 25 years, pediatric summer camps for children with burn injuries have played an important rehabilitation role and provided a strong community that benefits both campers and staff. Future research using more rigorous research methods and examining a broader range of outcomes (eg, safety and medical/rehabilitation outcomes) is recommended.
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Wu YP, Prout K, Roberts MC, Parikshak S, Amylon MD. Assessing Experiences of Children Who Attended a Camp for Children with Cancer and Their Siblings: A Preliminary Study. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-010-9123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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A Pan-European evaluation of residential burns camps for children and young people. Burns 2009; 36:511-21. [PMID: 19853999 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.06.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 06/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Residential camps for children who have experienced a severe burn have existed for over 20 years. The idea stemmed from recognition that children with burns face additional challenges, both physical and psychological, and therefore need long-term psychosocial support away from the acute care setting. Whilst individual programmes have published positive evaluation findings, there have been no cross-regional evaluations undertaken to date. METHODS Five European burn camp programmes agreed to take part in a cross-regional study to assess the benefits as reported by participants. Shared objectives included: giving children the opportunity to experience success through overcoming challenging activities, enhancing self-esteem and confidence and enabling children to share their experiences of having a burn with peers and staff in a supportive environment. Each site collected qualitative feedback from children, parents and staff using a common framework. Simple Likert scale data were also collected. Each site coded responses into themes which were then collated at one site. RESULTS 104 children, 57 parent/carers and 50 staff took part in the cross-regional evaluation. Children were aged between 5 and 18 years. 98% of children reported that they had enjoyed camp, in particular the activities and the sense of achievement they brought, along with the ability to gain support and friendship from peers and staff. A large proportion felt that they had benefitted from having the opportunity to share their experiences of having a burn with peers, leaving them feeling less isolated. In addition some comments related to boosting confidence and self-esteem and mastering new skills. Parent/carers again cited the increase in their child's confidence in self and appearance as key benefits of the camps. Staff reports also included the benefits for burn care teams by increasing awareness of patient needs and improving multidisciplinary team working. DISCUSSION The study highlighted the generic benefits of burn camps by collapsing themes across five different sites. Whilst this minimised the localised differences between camps, further research could be used to analyse these subtle differences in greater detail. Some consideration was made of the language barriers between sites which could have effected the interpretation of some of the individual themes. A multi-methodological approach could be used to reduce this effect in future.
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