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Hooper R, Guest E, Ramsey-Wade C, Slater A. A brief mindfulness meditation can ameliorate the effects of exposure to idealised social media images on self-esteem, mood, and body appreciation in young women: An online randomised controlled experiment. Body Image 2024; 49:101702. [PMID: 38492459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The study examined whether a 10-minute mindfulness meditation intervention could ameliorate effects of exposure to social media thinspiration and fitspiration images on women's self-esteem, mood, and body appreciation. A total of 162 women aged 18-42 years (M = 25.94, SD = 4.38) completed an online experiment which involved viewing thinspiration and fitspiration images before random allocation to either a brief, ten-minute mindfulness meditation audio intervention or a ten-minute control audio about jujitsu. Participants completed self-reported measures of self-esteem, positive and negative mood, and body appreciation at baseline (Time 1), post-exposure to idealised social media images (Time 2), and immediately post-intervention (Time 3). Mixed, repeated-measures ANOVAs showed that scores were lower for body appreciation, self-esteem, and positive mood, and higher for negative mood, in both groups after exposure to idealised imagery. However, a brief mindfulness intervention ameliorated the negative effects of social media exposure. Specifically, self-esteem, body appreciation, and mood were higher in the mindfulness meditation group at Time 3, compared to the control group. Future interventions should explore the utility of mindfulness practices to provide long term buffering effects against such social media content, as well as targeting the idealisation of female physiques portrayed in thinspiration and fitspiration content.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hooper
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - E Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - C Ramsey-Wade
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - A Slater
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Guest E, Williamson H, Harcourt D. Congenital melanocytic naevus (CMN) through the lens: Using photo-elicitation interviews to explore adjustment in adolescents with a rare birthmark condition. Body Image 2024; 48:101656. [PMID: 38091858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Adolescents with the rare birthmarks congenital melanocytic naevi (CMN) experience physical and psychosocial challenges, many of which stem from looking different from the 'norm'. However, some adjust and have positive experiences. Understanding the lived experiences of adolescents who have adjusted to CMN can provide a holistic picture of adjustment and inform the development of support and interventions for others with the condition. Open, participant-driven photo-elicitation interviews were conducted with four White females (15-17 years) who self-identified as having adjusted to CMN. Participants chose five photographs which were used to guide the interviews (47-80 min). Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the transcribed interview data. Three superordinate themes were identified: 'Accepting My 'True' Self' (1), 'I am Not Alone in This' (2), and 'Developing as a Person' (3). The themes related to accepting CMN as part of their identity, developing a positive body image (e.g., body appreciation, broad conceptualisations of beauty, body image flexibility), feeling supported and accepted by family, friends, and others with CMN, and developing adaptive coping skills. Findings suggest positive body image may be important for adjustment and can be determined by an individual. The benefits of using photo-elicitation within appearance research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
| | - Heidi Williamson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Harcourt
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
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Waite E, Jenkinson E, Kershaw S, Guest E. Psychosocial Interventions for Children and Young People With Visible Differences Resulting From Appearance-Altering Conditions, Injury, or Treatment Effects: An Updated Systematic Review. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:77-88. [PMID: 37944011 PMCID: PMC10799722 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children and young people with visible differences can experience psychosocial difficulties, such as anxiety and teasing by others. Interventions targeting difficulties have previously been reviewed by Jenkinson et al. This review aimed to identify and critically assess recent studies evaluating the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for children and young people with visible differences on psychosocial wellbeing, self-esteem, and social experiences and compare the findings with Jenkinson et al. using a replacement review process. METHODS Inclusion criteria are as follows: studies with participants aged 0-18 years with visible differences; investigating a psychosocial intervention; including comparison with an alternative intervention, control group, or pre- and post-intervention; and including a quantitative measure assessed pre- and post-intervention. Exclusion criteria are as follows: participants with body dysmorphic disorder or appearance changes due to eating disorders or obesity and studies not written in English. MEDLINE, AMED, and PsycInfo were searched and grey literature was included. Results were reviewed against eligibility criteria, data were extracted, and studies were evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. RESULTS Using Jenkinson et al. as one source of studies, 24 studies were included evaluating a range of interventions such as social interaction skills training, residential social camps, and cognitive behavioral therapy. Risk of bias was high in 20 studies and of some concern in four studies. CONCLUSION There is some evidence of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy, a relaxation response resiliency program, integrative body-mind-spirit group, and therapeutic patient education, but more rigorous research is needed to confirm their impact on psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Waite
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Jenkinson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol, UK
| | | | - Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol, UK
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Cowles E, Guest E, Slater A. Imagery versus captions: The effect of body positive Instagram content on young women's mood and body image. Body Image 2023; 44:120-130. [PMID: 36563473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Body positive social media content aims to positively impact young women's body image and mood by challenging traditionally narrow beauty ideals. This online experiment investigated the effect of viewing body positive Instagram posts on young women's body image and mood, whilst focusing on understanding the impact of the images and captions in the posts. Overall, 195 young women (18-30 years old) were randomly assigned to view either body positive (consisting of images and captions), body positive captions only, body positive images only, or thin-ideal Instagram posts. Positive mood increased in all conditions pre to post exposure. Further, body satisfaction and negative mood improved pre-post exposure for all body positive conditions. However, when controlling for trait body appreciation significant effects only remained for the combined image and caption body positive condition. There were no significant differences in positive mood, state body appreciation, self-objectification, or broad conceptualisations of beauty between the three body positive exposure conditions. Therefore, to improve body satisfaction and mood, body positive content should include a combination of images and captions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Cowles
- Centre of Appearance Research, University of the West of England, UK
| | - Ella Guest
- Centre of Appearance Research, University of the West of England, UK.
| | - Amy Slater
- Centre of Appearance Research, University of the West of England, UK
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Guest E, Zucchelli F, Costa B, Bhatia R, Halliwell E, Harcourt D. A systematic review of interventions aiming to promote positive body image in children and adolescents. Body Image 2022; 42:58-74. [PMID: 35679652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows interventions can improve positive body image in adult women. This systematic review examined the evidence of efficacy of interventions that aimed to increase positive body image in children and young people aged under 18 years. The authors followed PRISMA guidelines for the review. Searches of CINAHL Plus, Medline, PsychINFO, Wiley Online Library, SCOPUS and grey literature were conducted up to February 2021 and identified 4171 papers. Thirteen studies evaluating 12 interventions, designed for children/adolescents aged 9-18 years, were eligible and evaluated using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) Quality Assessment Tool. The studies evaluated body appreciation, body-esteem, and embodiment. Studies using cognitive dissonance, peer support, and psychoeducation had evidence of improving body appreciation and body-esteem in adolescent girls. However, evidence of efficacy for younger children and boys was lacking and the studies ranged in methodological quality. Further research should rigorously evaluate positive body image interventions using second-generation measures that assess specific components of positive body image and consider how to promote positive body image in young children and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, UK.
| | - Fabio Zucchelli
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, UK
| | - Bruna Costa
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, UK
| | - Radhika Bhatia
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Halliwell
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, UK
| | - Diana Harcourt
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England (UWE), Bristol, UK
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Ghio D, Lawes-Wickwar S, Tang MY, Epton T, Howlett N, Jenkinson E, Stanescu S, Westbrook J, Kassianos AP, Watson D, Sutherland L, Stanulewicz N, Guest E, Scanlan D, Carr N, Chater A, Hotham S, Thorneloe R, Armitage CJ, Arden M, Hart J, Byrne-Davis L, Keyworth C. What influences people's responses to public health messages for managing risks and preventing infectious diseases? A rapid systematic review of the evidence and recommendations. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048750. [PMID: 34764167 PMCID: PMC8587350 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual behaviour changes, such as hand hygiene and physical distancing, are required on a population scale to reduce transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. However, little is known about effective methods of communicating risk reducing information, and how populations might respond. OBJECTIVE To synthesise evidence relating to what (1) characterises effective public health messages for managing risk and preventing infectious disease and (2) influences people's responses to messages. DESIGN A rapid systematic review was conducted. Protocol is published on Prospero CRD42020188704. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases were searched: Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO and Healthevidence.org, and grey literature (PsyarXiv, OSF Preprints) up to May 2020. STUDY SELECTION All study designs that (1) evaluated public health messaging interventions targeted at adults and (2) concerned a communicable disease spread via primary route of transmission of respiratory and/or touch were included. Outcomes included preventative behaviours, perceptions/awareness and intentions. Non-English language papers were excluded. SYNTHESIS Due to high heterogeneity studies were synthesised narratively focusing on determinants of intentions in the absence of measured adherence/preventative behaviours. Themes were developed independently by two researchers and discussed within team to reach consensus. Recommendations were translated from narrative synthesis to provide evidence-based methods in providing effective messaging. RESULTS Sixty-eight eligible papers were identified. Characteristics of effective messaging include delivery by credible sources, community engagement, increasing awareness/knowledge, mapping to stage of epidemic/pandemic. To influence intent effectively, public health messages need to be acceptable, increase understanding/perceptions of health threat and perceived susceptibility. DISCUSSION There are four key recommendations: (1) engage communities in development of messaging, (2) address uncertainty immediately and with transparency, (3) focus on unifying messages from sources and (4) frame messages aimed at increasing understanding, social responsibility and personal control. Embedding principles of behavioural science into public health messaging is an important step towards more effective health-risk communication during epidemics/pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ghio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sadie Lawes-Wickwar
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mei Yee Tang
- Behavioural Science Policy Research Unit, Population Health Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Howlett
- Department of Psychology, Sports, and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Elizabeth Jenkinson
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of West England, Bristol, UK
| | - Sabina Stanescu
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Angelos P Kassianos
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniella Watson
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lisa Sutherland
- Behavioural Insight for Public Affairs, Ipsos Mori, Edinburgh & London, UK
| | - Natalia Stanulewicz
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research,Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel Scanlan
- Department of Communication, Policy, and Research, Education Support, London, UK
| | - Natalie Carr
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Health, Psychology, and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Angel Chater
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, University of Bedfordshire, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Sarah Hotham
- Centre for Health Services Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Rachael Thorneloe
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher J Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester; and NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Madelynne Arden
- Centre for Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jo Hart
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucie Byrne-Davis
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Keyworth
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Lawes-Wickwar S, Ghio D, Tang MY, Keyworth C, Stanescu S, Westbrook J, Jenkinson E, Kassianos AP, Scanlan D, Garnett N, Laidlaw L, Howlett N, Carr N, Stanulewicz N, Guest E, Watson D, Sutherland L, Byrne-Davis L, Chater A, Hart J, Armitage CJ, Shorter GW, Swanson V, Epton T. A Rapid Systematic Review of Public Responses to Health Messages Encouraging Vaccination against Infectious Diseases in a Pandemic or Epidemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:72. [PMID: 33498395 PMCID: PMC7909419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health teams need to understand how the public responds to vaccination messages in a pandemic or epidemic to inform successful campaigns encouraging the uptake of new vaccines as they become available. A rapid systematic review was performed by searching PsycINFO, MEDLINE, healthevidence.org, OSF Preprints and PsyArXiv Preprints in May 2020 for studies including at least one health message promoting vaccine uptake of airborne-, droplet- and fomite-spread viruses. Included studies were assessed for quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) or the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), and for patient and public involvement (PPI) in the research. Thirty-five articles were included. Most reported messages for seasonal influenza (n = 11; 31%) or H1N1 (n = 11; 31%). Evidence from moderate to high quality studies for improving vaccine uptake included providing information about virus risks and vaccination safety, as well as addressing vaccine misunderstandings, offering vaccination reminders, including vaccination clinic details, and delivering mixed media campaigns across hospitals or communities. Behavioural influences (beliefs and intentions) were improved when: shorter, risk-reducing or relative risk framing messages were used; the benefits of vaccination to society were emphasised; and beliefs about capability and concerns among target populations (e.g., vaccine safety) were addressed. Clear, credible, messages in a language target groups can understand were associated with higher acceptability. Two studies (6%) described PPI in the research process. Future campaigns should consider the beliefs and information needs of target populations in their design, including ensuring that vaccine eligibility and availability is clear, and messages are accessible. More high quality research is needed to demonstrate the effects of messaging interventions on actual vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie Lawes-Wickwar
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Daniela Ghio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Society, University of Salford, Manchester M6 6PU, UK;
| | - Mei Yee Tang
- Behavioural Science Policy Research Unit, Population Health Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK;
| | - Chris Keyworth
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (C.K.); (L.B.-D.); (J.H.); (C.J.A.); (T.E.)
| | - Sabina Stanescu
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
| | | | - Elizabeth Jenkinson
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of West England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (E.J.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Angelos P. Kassianos
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Daniel Scanlan
- Department of Communication, Policy, and Research, Education Support, London N5 1EW, UK;
| | - Natalie Garnett
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of West England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (E.J.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Lynn Laidlaw
- Public Contributor, Health Psychology Exchange Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) Group, UK;
| | - Neil Howlett
- Department of Psychology, Sports, and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK;
| | - Natalie Carr
- Faculty of Health, Psychology, and Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK;
| | - Natalia Stanulewicz
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Ella Guest
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of West England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK; (E.J.); (N.G.); (E.G.)
| | - Daniella Watson
- Global Health Research Institute, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK;
| | | | - Lucie Byrne-Davis
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (C.K.); (L.B.-D.); (J.H.); (C.J.A.); (T.E.)
- Division of Medical Education, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Angel Chater
- Centre for Health, Wellbeing and Behaviour Change, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, Bedfordshire MK41 9EA, UK;
| | - Jo Hart
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (C.K.); (L.B.-D.); (J.H.); (C.J.A.); (T.E.)
- Division of Medical Education, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Christopher J. Armitage
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (C.K.); (L.B.-D.); (J.H.); (C.J.A.); (T.E.)
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester M13 9NQ, UK
| | - Gillian W. Shorter
- Centre for Improving Health Related Quality of Life, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;
| | - Vivien Swanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK;
| | - Tracy Epton
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (C.K.); (L.B.-D.); (J.H.); (C.J.A.); (T.E.)
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Guest E, Paraskeva N, Griffiths C, Hansen E, Clarke A, Baker E, Harcourt D. The nature and importance of women's goals for immediate and delayed breast reconstruction. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:2169-2175. [PMID: 33495140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasingly, women undergo breast reconstruction (BR) surgery to restore health-related and psychosocial quality of life after mastectomy. Most research focuses on BR outcomes rather than women's pre-surgical expectations of, and goals for, immediate (IBR) or delayed (DBR) procedures, yet such information could support women's decision-making. This study aimed to investigate women's BR goals, whether they differed according surgery timing (IBR or DBR), and the importance women placed on them. METHODS Seventy-six women considering DBR (n = 50) or IBR (n = 26) at a UK hospital were encouraged to clarify their BR goals and rate the importance of achieving each one. Content analysis categorised and counted the frequency of the goals they reported. RESULTS Fifteen goal categories (7 surgical, e.g. scarring; 8 psychosocial/lifestyle, e.g. feeling feminine) were identified. Many (e.g. scarring, intimacy) were reported by a similar percentage of women in each surgical group, however, differences were identified (e.g. breast sensation was not mentioned by women considering IBR). Women reported more psychosocial (n = 206) than surgical goals (n = 160). Further, an independent t-tests revealed that women in both groups placed significantly more importance on the psychosocial (M = 9.4) than surgical goals (M = 8.5). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the variety of goals women have for BR, the importance they attach to them, and differences and similarities between those seeking IBR and DBR. Future research should consider whether BR goals are met, how goal achievement influences satisfaction with outcome over time and how best to incorporate goals into pre-surgical treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom.
| | - N Paraskeva
- Centre for Appearance Research, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - C Griffiths
- Centre for Appearance Research, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
| | - E Hansen
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - A Clarke
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - E Baker
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Pond Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - D Harcourt
- Centre for Appearance Research, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
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Costa B, Thornton M, Guest E, Meyrick J, Williamson H. The effectiveness of interventions to improve psychosocial outcomes in parents of children with appearance-affecting health conditions: A systematic review. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:15-30. [PMID: 32876343 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many cope well, the impact of supporting a child with an Appearance-Affecting Health Condition (AAHC) can place a significant demand on parents. As such, it is vital that families have access to appropriate psychosocial support to reduce any potential difficulties. Although previous reviews have explored the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for parents of Children and Young People (CYP) with general health conditions, the evidence of effectiveness remains limited. Further, little is known about the effectiveness of such interventions specifically among parents of CYP with AAHCs. This review aimed to identify and assess the evidence of effectiveness of psychosocial interventions among parents of CYP with AAHCs. METHODS Database searches were conducted using MEDLINE, PsychARTICLES, PsychINFO, CINAHL Plus, the British Nursing Database and the Cochrane Library. Results were reviewed against the inclusion criteria and data were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool, and a narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS Fifteen studies, evaluating 10 interventions, were included and overall seven interventions were found to be effective (effect sizes and methodological quality varied). CONCLUSIONS This review finds moderate to strong evidence of effectiveness of the Triple P Positive Parenting Program, the Early Family Intervention Program and general parent education/training interventions. These findings offer useful insights relating to the delivery of current support, as well as for the development of future parent and family interventions. Finally, recommendations for future intervention evaluation studies in this area are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Costa
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Maia Thornton
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Jane Meyrick
- Department of Health and Social Science, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Heidi Williamson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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McAlpine AK, Sauve LJ, Collet JC, Goldfarb DM, Guest E, McDonald PJ, Zheng A, Srigley JA. Risk factors for cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections during an outbreak: a case-control study. J Hosp Infect 2019; 105:78-82. [PMID: 31870886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few published reports of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infection outbreaks. In 2017-2018, British Columbia Children's Hospital (BCCH) experienced an increase in CSF shunt infections co-incident with a move to new operating rooms and a change in shunt catheters used. AIMS To describe how an outbreak was detected, investigations were undertaken to determine the cause, risk factors associated with CSF shunt infection during the outbreak, and changes implemented to attempt to control the outbreak. METHODS Retrospective case-control study. Population included patients who underwent new shunt insertion or revision. Univariate logistic regression models were fitted for each of the variables. Associations with P-values <0.2 were considered of potential interest for further investigation. FINDINGS There were six cases of CSF shunt infection and 19 controls. The causative organism was different in each case. The only risk factors that met the criteria for further investigation were being a neonate at the time of surgery [odds ratio (OR) 9.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-125.3, P=0.10] and the presence of gastrointestinal disease (OR 3.8, 95% CI 0.5-26.2, P=0.18). No association was found with the operating room used or the surgical staff. In response to the outbreak, human traffic through the operating rooms was limited, rigid adherence to the wearing of surgical masks was enforced, and return to the previous CSF shunt catheters used was implemented. CONCLUSION No modifiable risk factors were associated with CSF shunt infection. After implementation of surgical protocol changes, no further cases of CSF shunt infection linked to the outbreak were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K McAlpine
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - L J Sauve
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J C Collet
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - D M Goldfarb
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E Guest
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - P J McDonald
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A Zheng
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J A Srigley
- British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Guest E, Costa B, Williamson H, Meyrick J, Halliwell E, Harcourt D. The effectiveness of interventions aiming to promote positive body image in adults: A systematic review. Body Image 2019; 30:10-25. [PMID: 31077956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Theory suggests promoting positive body image (PBI) through interventions would have a significant impact on health and well-being. However, little is known about the effectiveness of existing interventions. This review aimed to identify and assess the evidence of effectiveness of interventions to increase PBI in adults. Database searches were conducted using CINAHL Plus, Medline, PsychINFO, Wiley Online Library, and SCOPUS. Application of inclusion criteria and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool, and narrative synthesis was conducted. Fifteen studies, evaluating 13 interventions, were included. Three studies, evaluating one online writing-based functionality intervention, were judged to have strong methodological quality and had evidence of improving body appreciation, body esteem, and functionality satisfaction. Six moderate quality studies found interventions using intuitive eating, CBT, self-compassion, and exercise improved PBI. There was limited evidence of effectiveness of interventions for men, suggesting future research is needed to better understand PBI mechanisms in men. Lack of heterogeneity of outcome measures is discussed as a limitation. Findings suggest existing interventions are effective at increasing aspects of PBI among women and support the development of interventions that target multiple components of PBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - Bruna Costa
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - Heidi Williamson
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | | | - Emma Halliwell
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
| | - Diana Harcourt
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
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Stock NM, Guest E, Stoneman K, Ridley M, Evans C, LeRoy C, Anwar H, McCarthy G, Cunniffe C, Rumsey N. The Contribution of a Charitable Organization to Regional Cleft Lip and Palate Services in England and Scotland. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2019; 57:14-20. [PMID: 31307213 DOI: 10.1177/1055665619862727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND From diagnosis through to adulthood, a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) poses a number of challenges for those affected. Alongside the care provided by clinical teams, complementary information and support is offered by charitable organizations. In 2011, the Cleft Lip and Palate Association received funding to implement a new regional service across England and Scotland, with the aim of increasing support at a local level. The Centre for Appearance Research at the University of the West of England were commissioned to conduct an independent evaluation of the service over 7 years. METHODS A pragmatic, mixed-methods approach was utilized to assess the impact of the service from the perspective of charity volunteers; children, young people, and adults with CL/P; caregivers; and clinicians. Feedback forms were distributed to stakeholders at a variety of events, and qualitative feedback was collected via focus groups and an online survey. RESULTS The majority of participants indicated they had gained access to a local support network, felt more able to cope with CL/P-related challenges, and felt more confident in themselves. Qualitative investigation provided further support for these findings and highlighted additional benefits of the regional service for clinical teams. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation provides encouraging evidence toward the contribution of a relatively small charitable organization in the context of cleft care. The importance of a pragmatic approach to community-based evaluation and the benefits of collaborative working between researchers and the charitable sector were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marie Stock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Stoneman
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Ridley
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Evans
- The Cleft Lip and Palate Association, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cherry LeRoy
- The Cleft Lip and Palate Association, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hamza Anwar
- The Cleft Lip and Palate Association, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Claire Cunniffe
- The Cleft Lip and Palate Association, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nichola Rumsey
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Guest E, Costa B, McCarthy G, Cunniffe C, Stock NM. The Experiences and Support Needs of Grandparents of Children Born With Cleft Lip and/or Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2019; 56:1181-1186. [PMID: 31142132 DOI: 10.1177/1055665619850709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The birth of a child with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) can have a significant emotional and social impact on parents. Yet, the impact on the wider family is rarely investigated. Grandparents are becoming increasingly involved in the care of their grandchildren and may therefore have support needs of their own. The aim of the current study was to explore the experiences and support needs of grandparents of children born with CL/P. DESIGN Individual semistructured telephone interviews were carried out with 12 grandparents of children born with CL/P and were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Five themes were identified (1) emotional impact of CL/P on grandparents, (2) grandparents' social experiences, (3) grandparents' involvement, (4) grandparents' information needs, and (5) grandparents' support needs. Participants experienced difficult emotions around the time of diagnosis and were concerned about the child's treatment and future experiences. Participants played a significant role in supporting the whole family, but received little information or support themselves. CONCLUSIONS Grandparents reported experiences comparable to published literature on parents. Clinicians and charitable organizations could consider how existing resources could be made more accessible to and/or adapted for wider family members, including grandparents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Guest
- 1 Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bruna Costa
- 1 Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Nicola Marie Stock
- 1 Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Griffiths C, Guest E, Pickles T, Hollén L, Grzeda M, White P, Tollow P, Harcourt D. The Development and Validation of the CARe Burn Scale—Adult Form: A Patient-Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) to Assess Quality of Life for Adults Living with a Burn Injury. J Burn Care Res 2019; 40:312-326. [PMID: 30820556 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Griffiths
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Linda Hollén
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Mariusz Grzeda
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Paul White
- Department of Engineering, Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Philippa Tollow
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Diana Harcourt
- Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
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Abstract
Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) poses many challenges for those affected throughout the school years, with recent studies pointing to a trend in poor educational outcomes. Previous research has highlighted the important role that teachers play in supporting young people with chronic health conditions yet studies in the field of CL/P suggest that teachers may lack knowledge of the condition, and underestimate pupils’ academic ability. Qualitative investigation of the impact of CL/P from the teacher’s perspective may provide additional insight as well as potential suggestions for improving the school experience for affected pupils. Methods: Twenty UK preschool, primary, and secondary school teachers with experience of teaching pupils with CL/P completed an open-ended survey, eliciting qualitative data. Results: Qualitative content analysis was performed. Data were presented under 5 key headings: Knowledge of CL/P and its effects, perceived impact of CL/P on education, teachers’ training needs, delivery of training, and impact of CL/P on teachers. Teachers were able to identify a number of potential social, emotional, and treatment-related challenges within the school setting, yet did not believe that CL/P would have a long-term impact on pupils’ educational achievement. Participating teachers reported that cleft-specific training and access to relevant resources would be highly beneficial. Conclusions: Acting as a platform for future research, this exploratory study provides insight into the challenges faced by teachers and offers suggestions for how to improve teachers’ understanding of CL/P, and their confidence in dealing with cleft-related issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marie Stock
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The Cleft Collective Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Ridley
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The Cleft Collective Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ella Guest
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Guest E, Griffiths C, Harcourt D. A qualitative exploration of psychosocial specialists' experiences of providing support in UK burn care services. Scars Burn Heal 2018; 4:2059513118764881. [PMID: 29873339 PMCID: PMC5987094 DOI: 10.1177/2059513118764881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A burn can have a significant and long-lasting psychosocial impact on a patient and their family. The National Burn Care Standards (2013) recommend psychosocial support should be available in all UK burn services; however, little is known about how it is provided. The current study aimed to explore experiences of psychosocial specialists working in UK burn care, with a focus on the challenges they experience in their role. METHODS Semi-structured telephone interviews with eight psychosocial specialists (two psychotherapists and six clinical psychologists) who worked within UK burn care explored their experiences of providing support to patients and their families. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Thematic analysis revealed two main themes: burn service-related experiences and challenges reflected health professionals having little time and resources to support all patients; reduced patient attendance due to them living large distances from service; psychosocial appointments being prioritised below wound-related treatments; and difficulties detecting patient needs with current outcome measures. Therapy-related experiences and challenges outlined the sociocultural and familial factors affecting engagement with support, difficulties treating patients with pre-existing mental health conditions within the burn service and individual differences in the stage at which patients are amenable to support. CONCLUSION Findings provide an insight into the experiences of psychosocial specialists working in UK burn care and suggest a number of ways in which psychosocial provision in the NHS burn service could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Guest
- University of the West of England Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Velikova G, Valderas JM, Potter C, Batchelder L, A’Court C, Baker M, Bostock J, Coulter A, Fitzpatrick R, Forder J, Fox D, Geneen L, Gibbons E, Jenkinson C, Jones K, Kelly L, Peters M, Mulhern B, Labeit A, Rowen D, Meadows K, Elliott J, Brazier J, Knowles E, Keetharuth A, Brazier J, Connell J, Carlton J, Buck LT, Ricketts T, Barkham M, Goswami P, Salek S, Ionova T, Oliva E, Fielding AK, Karakantza M, Al-Ismail S, Collins GP, McConnell S, Langton C, Jennings DM, Else R, Kell J, Ward H, Day S, Lumley E, Phillips P, Duncan R, Buckley-Woods H, Aber A, Jones G, Michaels J, Porter I, Gangannagaripalli J, Davey A, Ricci-Cabello I, Haywood K, Hansen ST, Valderas J, Roberts D, Gumber A, Podmore B, Hutchings A, van der Meulen J, Aggarwal A, Konan S, Price A, Jackson W, Bottomley N, Philiips M, Knightley-Day T, Beard D, Gibbons E, Fitzpatrick R, Greenhalgh J, Gooding K, Gibbons E, Valderas C, Wright J, Dalkin S, Meads D, Black N, Fawkes C, Froud R, Carnes D, Price A, Cook J, Dakin H, Smith J, Kang S, Beard D, Griffiths C, Guest E, Harcourt D, Murphy M, Hollinghurst S, Salisbury C, Carlton J, Elliott J, Rowen D, Gao A, Price A, Beard D, Lemanska A, Chen T, Dearnaley DP, Jena R, Sydes M, Faithfull S, Ades AE, Kounali D, Lu G, Rombach I, Gray A, Jenkinson C, Rivero-Arias O, Holch P, Holmes M, Rodgers Z, Dickinson S, Clayton B, Davidson S, Routledge J, Glennon J, Henry AM, Franks K, Velikova G, Maguire R, McCann L, Young T, Armes J, Harris J, Miaskowski C, Kotronoulas G, Miller M, Ream E, Patiraki E, Geiger A, Berg GV, Flowerday A, Donnan P, McCrone P, Apostolidis K, Fox P, Furlong E, Kearney N, Gibbons C, Fischer F, Gibbons C, Coste J, Martinez JV, Rose M, Leplege A, Shingler S, Aldhouse N, Al-Zubeidi T, Trigg A, Kitchen H, Davey A, Porter I, Green C, Valderas JM, Coast J, Smith S, Hendriks J, Black N, Shah K, Rivero-Arias O, Ramos-Goni JM, Kreimeier S, Herdman M, Devlin N, Finch AP, Brazier JE, Mukuria C, Zamora B, Parkin D, Feng Y, Bateman A, Herdman M, Devlin N, Patton T, Gutacker N, Shah K. Proceedings of Patient Reported Outcome Measure's (PROMs) Conference Oxford 2017: Advances in Patient Reported Outcomes Research : Oxford, UK. 8th June 2017. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:185. [PMID: 29035171 PMCID: PMC5667589 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Laser scanners are becoming increasingly important as a tool for quantifying the outcome of facial surgery. However, few computer algorithms have been developed for this purpose. Researchers have either measured the differences in the positions of (manually located) landmarks, or have taken radial measurements of the distances between surfaces. Neither of these techniques provides satisfactory information about the shape changes between surfaces. In this paper, alternative methods are proposed and their performance is compared with that of the radial method. Tests on two patients show that the Correspondences by Sensitivity to Movement (CSM) and closest point algorithms provide the most realistic measurements of the differences between two surfaces. The CSM method was found to be useful for pinpointing areas where the shape has changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guest
- School of Computing, Leeds Metropolitan University, UK.
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19
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Abstract
This paper describes a digital, three-dimensional model of the mouse embryo at E9. The model was made by reconstruction from images of serial histological sections digitally warped to remove distortions and has a resolution of approximately 9 microns. The model can be digitally resectioned in any plane to provide images which resemble conventional histological sections. The main tissues have been identified and delineated by digital painting so that the anatomical components can be visualized and manipulated in 3-D surface- and volume-rendered views. This provides a three-dimensional definition of anatomy that will provide a useful tool for interpreting and understanding spatial data in mouse embryos. The anatomy of the model is discussed where it provides landmarks for interpretation and navigation or where it is unexpected in light of existing descriptions of the E9 mouse embryo. The complete anatomy is not presented in this paper but will be available on CD-ROM. A detailed description of the technical aspects of the construction of the model is included in an appendix. The model is the first of a series that will form the basis for an atlas/database of mouse development. This reconstruction and its associated anatomy are available in a variety of data formats with some supporting software from http:@genex.hgu.mrc.ac.uk/.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Brune
- Anatomy Section, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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