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Petraroli M, Percesepe A, Piane M, Ormitti F, Castellone E, Gnocchi M, Messina G, Bernardi L, Patianna VD, Esposito SMR, Street ME. Case Report: short stature, kidney anomalies, and cerebral aneurysms in a novel homozygous mutation in the PCNT gene associated with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1018441. [PMID: 37234811 PMCID: PMC10206130 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1018441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a boy (aged 3 years and 7 months) with severe growth failure (length: -9.53 SDS; weight: -9.36 SDS), microcephaly, intellectual disability, distinctive craniofacial features, multiple skeletal anomalies, micropenis, cryptorchidism, generalized hypotonia, and tendon retraction. Abdominal US showed bilateral increased echogenicity of the kidneys, with poor corticomedullary differentiation, and a slightly enlarged liver with diffuse irregular echotexture. Initial MRI of the brain, performed at presentation, showed areas of gliosis with encephalomalacia and diffused hypo/delayed myelination, and a thinned appearance of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries. Genetic analysis evidenced a novel homozygous pathogenic variant of the pericentrin (PCNT) gene. PCNT is a structural protein expressed in the centrosome that plays a role in anchoring of protein complexes, regulation of the mitotic cycle, and cell proliferation. Loss-of-function variants of this gene are responsible for microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII), a rare inherited autosomal recessive disorder. The boy died at 8 years of age as a result of an intracranial hemorrhage due to a cerebral aneurism associated with the Moyamoya malformation. In confirmation of previously published results, intracranial anomalies and kidney findings were evidenced very early in life. For this reason, we suggest including MRI of the brain with angiography as soon as possible after diagnosis in follow-up of MODPII, in order to identify and prevent complications related to vascular anomalies and multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Petraroli
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Castellone
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Margherita Gnocchi
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Messina
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Bernardi
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Viviana Dora Patianna
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Elisabeth Street
- Unit of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University and University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Liu H, Tao N, Wang Y, Yang Y, He X, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu X, Feng X, Sun M, Xu F, Su Y, Li L. A novel homozygous mutation of the PCNT gene in a Chinese patient with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1761. [PMID: 34331829 PMCID: PMC8457697 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe pre‐ and postnatal growth restrictions, microcephaly, skeletal dysplasia, severe teeth deformities, and typical facial features. Previous studies have shown that MOPD II is associated with mutations in the pericentrin (PCNT) gene. Methods We evaluated the clinical features of a 10‐year and 7‐month‐old Chinese girl with MOPD II. Subsequently, next‐generation sequencing and flow cytometry were performed to investigate genetic characteristics and the expression of PCNT protein respectively. Results The patient presented with short stature, microcephaly, typical craniofacial features, teeth deformity, thrombocytosis, and a delayed bone age (approximately 7 years). No abnormality in growth hormone or insulin‐like growth factor 1 was detected. Notably, the patient was found to carry a novel homozygous PCNT mutation (c.6157G>T, p.Glu2053Ter), which was inherited from her healthy heterozygous parents. Meanwhile, significant deficiency of PCNT expression was identified in the patient. Conclusion Our study identified a novel PCNT mutation associated with MOPD II, expanded the mutation spectrum of the PCNT gene and improved our understanding of the molecular basis of MOPD II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Na Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuantao Zhou
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Meiyuan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanfang Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Lorentz KO, Branca NM, Lemmers SAM. Majewski/Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II (MOPDII) with generalised microdontia in the 4th millennium BCE Eastern Mediterranean. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2021; 33:158-169. [PMID: 33957552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research evaluates the occurrence of generalised microdontia and proportionate osteodysplasia in human remains from a Chalcolithic cemetery with early evidence of metalworking in Cyprus (Souskiou-Laona; 3500-2800 BCE). MATERIALS Skeletal and dental remains from Tomb 236 Individual A, in comparison with other human remains from Souskiou-Laona (MNI: 203). METHODS Macroscopic, microscopic, and metric observation of osteodysplasia and microdontia. RESULTS Smaller than usual permanent teeth and adult long bones were discovered, with epiphyseal fusion complete. The cranium, and the zygomatic bones were smaller than other adult remains. CONCLUSIONS Differential diagnosis includes pituitary dwarfism and Majewski/Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II (MOPDII), which are two types of proportionate dwarfism with presentation of microdontia. This individual appears to display skeletal changes consistent with Majewski/Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first case of MOPDII in the archaeological record worldwide, and it is the oldest case of proportionate dwarfism known to date. The presence of an adult probable female with primordial dwarfism at Chalcolithic cemetery of Souskiou-Laona indicates that mutations of the pericentrin (PCNT) gene were present in this early period. LIMITATIONS The remains of the individual were incomplete and poorly preserved. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Histology may lead to more detailed information on the individual's age and life story (osteobiography).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi O Lorentz
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center (STARC), The Cyprus Institute (CyI), Konstantinou Kavafi St, 2121, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Natalie M Branca
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center (STARC), The Cyprus Institute (CyI), Konstantinou Kavafi St, 2121, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Simone A M Lemmers
- Science and Technology in Archaeology and Culture Research Center (STARC), The Cyprus Institute (CyI), Konstantinou Kavafi St, 2121, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Duker AL, Kinderman D, Jordan C, Niiler T, Baker-Smith CM, Thompson L, Parry DA, Carroll RS, Bober MB. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II is associated with global vascular disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:231. [PMID: 34016138 PMCID: PMC8139163 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is the most common form of primordial dwarfism, caused by bialleic mutations in the pericentrin gene (PCNT). Aside from its classic features, there are multiple associated medical complications, including a well-documented risk of neurovascular disease. Over the past several years, it has become apparent that additional vascular issues, as well as systemic hypertension and kidney disease may also be related to MOPDII. However, the frequency and extent of the vasculopathy was unclear. To help address this question, a vascular substudy was initiated within our Primordial Dwarfism Registry. Results Medical records from 47 individuals, living and deceased, ranging in age from 3 to 41years of age were interrogated for this purpose. Of the total group, 64% were diagnosed with moyamoya, intracranial aneurysms, or both. In general, the age at diagnosis for moyamoya was younger than aneurysms, but the risk for neurovascular disease was throughout the shortened lifespan. In addition to neurovascular disease, renal, coronary and external carotid artery involvement are documented. 43% of the total group was diagnosed with hypertension, and 17% had myocardial infarctions. A total of 32% of the entire cohort had some form of chronic kidney disease, with 4% of the total group necessitating a kidney transplant. In addition, 38% had diabetes/insulin resistance. Ages of diagnoses, treatment modalities employed, and location of vasculopathies were notated as available and applicable, as well as frequencies of other comorbidities. Conclusions It is now clear that vascular disease in MOPDII is global and screening of the cardiac and renal vessels is warranted along with close monitoring of blood pressure. We recommend a blood pressure of 110/70mmHg as a starting point for an upper limit, especially if the individual has a history of neurovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and/or diabetes. Additionally, providers need to be at high alert for the possibility of myocardial infarctions in young adults with MOPDII, so that appropriate treatment can be initiated promptly in an acute situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Duker
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Division of Orthogenetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Dagmar Kinderman
- Department of Research, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Tim Niiler
- Gait Laboratory, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Carissa M Baker-Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Louise Thompson
- The South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Parry
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ricki S Carroll
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Division of Orthogenetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Michael B Bober
- Skeletal Dysplasia Program, Division of Orthogenetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.
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Identification of three novel mutations in PCNT in vietnamese patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:115-121. [PMID: 33460028 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-020-01032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primordial dwarfism (PD) is a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders related to developmental disabilities occurring in the uterus and prolongs during all stages of life, resulting in short stature, facial deformities and abnormal brain. OBJECTIVE To determine the exact cause of the disease in two Vietnamese patients priory diagnosed with PD by severe pre-and postnatal growth retardation with marked microcephaly and some bone abnormalities. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed for the two patients and mutations in genes related to PD were screened. Sanger sequencing was applied to examine the mutations in the patients of their families. RESULTS Three novel mutations in the PCNT gene which have not been reported previously were identified in the two patients. Of which, two frameshift mutations (p.Thr479Profs*6 and p.Glu2742Alafs*8) were detected in patient I and one stop-gained mutation (p.Gln1907*) was detected in the patient II. These mutations may result in a truncated PCNT protein, leading to an inactivated PACT domain corresponding to residue His3138-Trp3216 of PCNT protein. Therefore, the three mutations may cause a deficiency of protein functional activity and result in the phenotypes of primordial dwarfism in the two patients. CONCLUSIONS Clinical presentations in combination with genetic analyses supported an accurate diagnosis of the two patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPD II). In addition, these results have important implications for prenatal genetic screening and genetic counseling for the families.
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Segovia-Ortí R, Espinosa de los Monteros Aliaga Cano N, Lumbreras J, Sotto-Esteban DD, Rodrigo MD. Renal Dysplasia and Precocious Diabetes Onset in Microcephalic Osteodysplastic Primordial Dwarfism Type II Syndrome: A Case Report. J Pediatr Genet 2020; 11:158-161. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMicrocephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II (MOPDII) is a genetic syndrome. Its main characteristics are bony dysplasia, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiencies, microcephaly, and cerebrovascular disease. Several other features have been added recently. We report an individual with MOPDII affected by congenital renal dysplasia and hyperosmolar coma diabetic onset. Renal dysplasia has not been previously described in individuals with MOPDII. By publishing cases of unusual genetic disorders, it will be possible to broaden the spectrum of these rare syndromes, and improve the diagnosis and management of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Segovia-Ortí
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, Son Espases University Hospital, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Javier Lumbreras
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Son Espases University Hospital, Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Rodrigo
- Department of Pediatrics Nephrology, Son Espases University Hospital, Mallorca, Spain
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Microcephalic osteodyplastic primordial dwarfism type II: case report with unique oral findings and a new mutation in the pericentrin gene. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 129:e204-e211. [PMID: 31606423 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microcephalic osteodysplastic dwarfism (MOPD) type II (OMIM 210720) is a rare autosomal recessive form of primordial dwarfism, characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly, distinctive facial features, and osteodysplastic skeletal changes. The dental literature describing the oral manifestations of this syndrome is scarce. STUDY DESIGN The aim of this article is to report the case of an 8-year-old male of Indian origin with MOPD type II and to describe his oral and dental manifestations. Genetic analysis was performed to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS The patient presented with interesting dental findings, including oligodontia, enamel hypoplasia, early exfoliation of primary dentition, accelerated eruption of permanent teeth with generalized grade II mobility, histopathologic features suggestive of dentin dysplasia, and a new mutation in the Pericentrin gene, which has not been documented earlier. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report from India of a case with this syndrome. The article presents various dentomaxillofacial features that have not been documented in dental literature earlier with sufficient evidence.
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Duker AL, Niiler T, Bober MB. Expected weight gain for children with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:3067-3069. [PMID: 28940990 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela L Duker
- Division of Medical Genetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Timothy Niiler
- Gait Laboratory, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Michael B Bober
- Division of Medical Genetics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review will provide an overview of the microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) class of disorders and provide the reader comprehensive clinical review with suggested care guidelines for patients with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type II (MOPDII). RECENT FINDINGS Over the last 15 years, significant strides have been made in the diagnosis, natural history, and management of MOPDII. MOPDII is the most common and well described form of MPD. The classic features of the MPD group are severe pre- and postnatal growth retardation, with marked microcephaly. In addition to these features, individuals with MOPDII have characteristic facies, skeletal dysplasia, abnormal dentition, and an increased risk for cerebrovascular disease and insulin resistance. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the pericentrin gene cause MOPDII, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Bober
- 0000 0001 2166 5843grid.265008.9Stanley Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- 0000 0004 0458 9676grid.239281.3A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland-Road, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA
| | - Andrew P. Jackson
- 0000 0004 1936 7988grid.4305.2MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
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