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Que Y, Wong C, Qiu J, Gao W, Lin Y, Zhou H, Gao B, Li P, Deng Z, Shi H, Hu W, Liu S, Peng Y, Su P, Xu C, Liang A, Qiu X, Huang D. Maslinic acid alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:776-788. [PMID: 38495003 PMCID: PMC11187486 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the cause of low back pain (LBP), and recent research has suggested that inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in this process. Maslinic acid (MA), a natural compound found in olive plants ( Olea europaea), has anti-inflammatory properties, but its potential for treating IDD is unclear. The current study aims to investigate the effects of MA on TNFα-induced IDD in vitro and in other in vivo models. Our findings suggest that MA ameliorates the imbalance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and mitigates senescence by upregulating aggrecan and collagen II levels as well as downregulating MMP and ADAMTS levels in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). It can also impede the progression of IDD in rats. We further find that MA significantly affects the PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways in TNFα-induced NPCs determined by RNA-seq and experimental verification, while the AKT agonist Sc-79 eliminates these signaling cascades. Furthermore, molecular docking simulation shows that MA directly binds to PI3K. Dysfunction of the PI3K/AKT pathway and ECM metabolism has also been confirmed in clinical specimens of degenerated nucleus pulposus. This study demonstrates that MA may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for alleviating ECM metabolism disorders and senescence to treat IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Que
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Chipiu Wong
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Jincheng Qiu
- Panyu Hospital of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Minimally Invasive Spine SurgeryGuangzhou511408China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Youxi Lin
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Zhihuai Deng
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Huihong Shi
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Wenjun Hu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopedic Surgerythe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Centre for Translational Medicinethe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Anjing Liang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgerySun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
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Li Y, Dai C, Wu B, Yang L, Yan X, Liu T, Chen J, Zheng Z, Peng B. Intervertebral disc injury triggers neurogenic inflammation of adjacent healthy discs. Spine J 2024:S1529-9430(24)00162-1. [PMID: 38608821 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intervertebral disc degeneration is common and may play an important role in low back pain, but it is not well-understood. Previous studies have shown that the outer layer of the annulus fibrosus of a healthy disc is innervated by nociceptive nerve fibers. In the process of disc degeneration, it can grow into the inner annulus fibrosus or nucleus pulposus and release neuropeptides. Disc degeneration is associated with inflammation that produces inflammatory factors and potentiates nociceptor sensitization. Subsequently neurogenic inflammation is induced by neuropeptide release from activated primary afferent terminals. Because the innervation of a lumbar disc comes from multi-segmental dorsal root ganglion neurons, does neurogenic inflammation in a degenerative disc initiate neurogenic inflammation in neighboring healthy discs by antidromic activity? PURPOSE This study was based on animal experiments in Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the role of neurogenic inflammation in adjacent healthy disc degeneration induced by disc injury. STUDY DESIGN This was an experimental study. METHODS Seventy-five 12-week-old, male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to 3 groups (sham group, disc injury group and disc injury+TrkA antagonist group). The disc injury group was punctured in the tail disc between the eighth and ninth coccygeal vertebrae (Co8-9) to establish an animal model of tail intervertebral disc degeneration. The sham group underwent only skin puncture and the disc injury+TrkA antagonist group was intraperitoneally injected with GW441756 two days before disc puncture. The outcome measure included quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Disc injury induced an increase in aggrecan, NGF, TrkA, CGRP, SP, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA levels in the injured (Co8-9) and adjacent discs (Co7-8), which reached a peak on day 1, then gradually decreased, and returned to normal on day 14. After intraperitoneal injection of GW441756 prior to puncture, the mRNA levels of the above indicators were down-regulated in Co7-8 and Co8-9 intervertebral discs on the 1st and 7th days. The protein content of the above indicators in Co7-8 and Co8-9 intervertebral discs showed roughly the same trend as mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Degeneration of one disc can induce neurogenic inflammation of adjacent healthy discs in a rat model. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This model supports a key role of neurogenic inflammation in disc degeneration, and may play a role in the experience of low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 69 Yongding Road, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chen Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 69 Yongding Road, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 69 Yongding Road, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Orthopeadics, Featured Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, 220 Chenglin Road, Dongli District, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xiujie Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 69 Yongding Road, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tanghua Liu
- Algology Institute of Sino-US Zhongguancun Precision Medicine Academy, 45 Beiwa Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 21 South Silver Spring Road, Qingyuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhaomin Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, P.R. China; Pain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Baogan Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Medical Center, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, 69 Yongding Road, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Creighton D, Fausone D, Swanson B, Young W, Nolff S, Ruble A, Hassan N, Soley E. Myofascial and discogenic origins of lumbar pain: A critical review. J Man Manip Ther 2023; 31:435-448. [PMID: 37503571 PMCID: PMC10642329 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2023.2237739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this three-part narrative review is to examine the anatomy of, and the research which supports, either the lumbar myofascia or intervertebral disc (IVD) as principal sources of our patient's low back pain. A comprehensive understanding of anatomical lumbar pain generators in combination with the current treatment-based classification system will further improve and enhance clinical decision-making skills. Section I reviews the anatomy of the spinal myofascia, myofascial sources of lumbar pain, and imaging of myofascial tissues. Part II reviews the anatomy of the IVD, examines the IVD as a potential lumbar pain generator, and includes detailed discussion on Nerve Growth Factor, Inflammatory Cytokines, Vertebral End Plates and Modic change, Annular tears, and Discogenic instability. Part III looks at the history of myofascial pain, lab-based research and myofascial pain, and various levels of discogenic pain provocation research including animal, laboratory and human subjects. Our review concludes with author recommendations on developing a comprehensive understanding of altered stress concentrations affecting the posterior annulus fibrosis, neo-innervation of the IVD, inflammatory cytokines, discogenic instability, and how this knowledge can complement use of the Treatment-Based Classification System.
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Canseco JA, Levy HA, Karamian BA, Blaber O, Chang M, Patel N, Curran J, Hilibrand AS, Schroeder GD, Vaccaro AR, Markova DZ, Surrey DE, Kepler CK. Inhibition of Neurogenic Inflammatory Pathways Associated with the Reduction in Discogenic Back Pain. Asian Spine J 2023; 17:1043-1050. [PMID: 38050358 PMCID: PMC10764143 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2023.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether the initiation of anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP inhibitor) medication therapy for migraines was also associated with improvements in back/neck pain, mobility, and function in a patient population with comorbid degenerative spinal disease and migraine. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE CGRP upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and nerve growth factor in spinal spondylotic disease, which results in disc degeneration and sensitization of nociceptive neurons. Although CGRP inhibitors can quell neurogenic inflammation in migraines, their off-site efficacy as a therapeutic target for discogenic back/neck pain conditions remains unknown. METHODS All adult patients diagnosed with spinal spondylosis and migraine treated with CGRP inhibitors at a single academic institution between 2017 and 2020 were retrospectively identified. Patient demographic and medical data, follow-up duration, migraine severity and frequency, spinal pain, functional status, and mobility before and after the administration of CGRP inhibitors were collected. Paired univariate analysis was conducted to determine significant changes in spinal pain, headache severity, and headache frequency before and after the administration of CGRP inhibitors. The correlation between changes in the spinal pain score and functional or mobility improvement was assessed with Spearman's rho. RESULTS In total, 56 patients were included. The mean follow-up time after the administration of CGRP inhibitors was 123 days for spinal pain visits and 129 days for migraine visits. Back/neck pain decreased significantly (p <0.001) from 6.30 to 4.36 after starting CGRP inhibitor therapy for migraine control. As recorded in the spine follow-up notes, 25% of patients experienced a functional improvement in the activities of daily living, and 17.5% experienced mobility improvement while taking CGRP inhibitors. Change in back/ neck pain moderately correlated (ρ=-0.430) with functional improvement but was not correlated with mobility improvement (ρ=-0.052). CONCLUSIONS Patients taking CGRP inhibitors for chronic migraines with comorbid degenerative spinal conditions experienced significant off-target reduction of back/neck pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Canseco
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Hannah A. Levy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,
USA
| | - Brian A. Karamian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,
USA
| | - Olivia Blaber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Michael Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Neil Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - John Curran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Alan S. Hilibrand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Gregory D. Schroeder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Alexander R. Vaccaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Dessislava Z. Markova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - David E. Surrey
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
| | - Christopher K. Kepler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
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Jha R, Bernstock JD, Chalif JI, Hoffman SE, Gupta S, Guo H, Lu Y. Updates on Pathophysiology of Discogenic Back Pain. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6907. [PMID: 37959372 PMCID: PMC10647359 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Discogenic back pain, a subset of chronic back pain, is caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, and imparts a notable socioeconomic health burden on the population. However, degeneration by itself does not necessarily imply discogenic pain. In this review, we highlight the existing literature on the pathophysiology of discogenic back pain, focusing on the biomechanical and biochemical steps that lead to pain in the setting of IVD degeneration. Though the pathophysiology is incompletely characterized, the current evidence favors a framework where degeneration leads to IVD inflammation, and subsequent immune milieu recruitment. Chronic inflammation serves as a basis of penetrating neovascularization and neoinnervation into the IVD. Hence, nociceptive sensitization emerges, which manifests as discogenic back pain. Recent studies also highlight the complimentary roles of low virulence infections and central nervous system (CNS) metabolic state alteration. Targeted therapies that seek to disrupt inflammation, angiogenesis, and neurogenic pathways are being investigated. Regenerative therapy in the form of gene therapy and cell-based therapy are also being explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Jha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joshua I. Chalif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha E. Hoffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saksham Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Xu H, Li J, Fei Q, Jiang L. Contribution of immune cells to intervertebral disc degeneration and the potential of immunotherapy. Connect Tissue Res 2023; 64:413-427. [PMID: 37161923 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2023.2212051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence supports that chronic low back pain is associated with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is accompanied by decreased cell activity and matrix degradation. The role of immune cells, especially macrophages, in a variety of diseases has been extensively studied; therefore, their role in IDD has naturally attracted widespread scholarly interest. The IVD is considered to be an immunologically-privileged site given the presence of physical and biological barriers that include an avascular microenvironment, a high proteoglycan concentration, high physical pressure, the presence of apoptosis inducers such as Fas ligand, and the presence of notochordal cells. However, during IDD, immune cells with distinct characteristics appear in the IVD. Some of these immune cells release factors that promote the inflammatory response and angiogenesis in the disc and are, therefore, important drivers of IDD. Although some studies have elucidated the role of immune cells, no specific strategies related to systemic immunotherapy have been proposed. Herein, we summarize current knowledge of the presence and role of immune cells in IDD and consider that immunotherapy targeting immune cells may be a novel strategy for alleviating IDD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinming Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
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Chen X, Wang Z, Deng R, Yan H, Liu X, Kang R. Intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammatory microenvironment: expression, pathology, and therapeutic strategies. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1811-1828. [PMID: 37665342 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading cause of low back pain (LBP), posing a significant socioeconomic burden. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of inflammatory microenvironment in IDD progression. METHOD A keyword-based search was performed using the PubMed database for published articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Dysregulated expression of inflammatory cytokines disrupts intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis, causing atrophy, fibrosis, and phenotypic changes in nucleus pulposus cells. Modulating the inflammatory microenvironment and restoring cytokine balance hold promise for IVD repair and regeneration. This comprehensive review systematically examines the expression regulation, pathological effects, therapeutic strategies, and future challenges associated with the inflammatory microenvironment and relevant cytokines in IDD. Key inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and chemokines, exhibit significant pathological effects in IDD. Furthermore, major therapeutic modalities such as chemical antagonists, biologics, plant extracts, and gene transcription therapies are introduced to control and ameliorate the inflammatory microenvironment. These approaches provide valuable insights for identifying potential targets in future anti-inflammatory treatments for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ran Kang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Janket SJ, Fraser DD, Baird AE, Tamimi F, Sohaei D, Conte HA, Prassas I, Diamandis EP. Tachykinins and the potential causal factors for post-COVID-19 condition. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e642-e650. [PMID: 37327802 PMCID: PMC10263974 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The most prevalent symptoms of post-COVID-19 condition are pulmonary dysfunction, fatigue and muscle weakness, anxiety, anosmia, dysgeusia, headaches, difficulty in concentrating, sexual dysfunction, and digestive disturbances. Hence, neurological dysfunction and autonomic impairments predominate in post-COVID-19 condition. Tachykinins including the most studied substance P are neuropeptides expressed throughout the nervous and immune systems, and contribute to many physiopathological processes in the nervous, immune, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urogenital, and dermal systems and participate in inflammation, nociception, and cell proliferation. Substance P is a key molecule in neuroimmune crosstalk; immune cells near the peripheral nerve endings can send signals to the brain with cytokines, which highlights the important role of tachykinins in neuroimmune communication. We reviewed the evidence that relates the symptoms of post-COVID-19 condition to the functions of tachykinins and propose a putative pathogenic mechanism. The antagonism of tachykinins receptors can be a potential treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok-Ja Janket
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Paediatric Critical Care, Western University and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alison E Baird
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Faleh Tamimi
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Dorsa Sohaei
- McGill University School of Medicine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Harry A Conte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Johnson Memorial Hospital, Stafford Springs, CT, USA
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Pan H, Li H, Guo S, Wang C, Long L, Wang X, Shi H, Zhang K, Chen H, Li S. The mechanisms and functions of TNF-α in intervertebral disc degeneration. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112119. [PMID: 36758650 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common health problems in people's lives, which brings a massive burden to clinicians, and the leading cause of LBP is intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is mainly caused by factors such as aging, mechanical stress, and lack of nutrition. The pathological mechanism of IDD is very complex, involving inflammatory response, cell metabolism disorder, and so on. Unfortunately, in the current treatment of IDD, only relieving symptoms as the primary means of relieving a patient's pain cannot effectively inhibit or reverse the progression of IDD. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a multifunctional pro-inflammatory factor involved in many diseases' pathological processes. With the in-depth study of the pathological mechanism of IDD, more and more evidence has shown that TNF-α is an essential activator of IDD, which is related to the metabolic disorder, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and other pathological processes of extracellular dissociation in the intervertebral disc. Therefore, anti-TNF-α therapy is an effective therapeutic target for alleviating IDD, especially in inhibiting extracellular matrix degradation and reducing inflammatory responses. This article reviews the pathological role of TNF-α in IDD and the latest research progress of TNF-α inhibitors in treating IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Pan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Longhai Long
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyin Shi
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaiquan Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Xia Y, Wang H, Yang R, Hou Y, Li Y, Zhu J, Fu C. Biomaterials delivery strategies to repair degenerated intervertebral discs by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1051606. [PMID: 36756124 PMCID: PMC9900107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1051606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of lower back pain. Although IVDD cannot directly cause death, it can cause pain, psychological burdens, and economic burdens to patients. Current conservative treatments for IVDD can relieve pain but cannot reverse the disease. Patients who cannot tolerate pain usually resort to a strategy of surgical resection of the degenerated disc. However, the surgical removal of IVDD can affect the stability of adjacent discs. Furthermore, the probability of the reherniation of the intervertebral disc (IVD) after surgery is as high as 21.2%. Strategies based on tissue engineering to deliver stem cells for the regeneration of nucleus purposes (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) have been extensively studied. The developed biomaterials not only locally withstand the pressure of the IVD but also lay the foundation for the survival of stem cells. However, the structure of IVDs does not provide sufficient nutrients for delivered stem cells. The role of immune mechanisms in IVDD has recently become clear. In IVDD, the IVD that was originally in immune privilege prevents the attack of immune cells (mainly effector T cells and macrophages) and aggravates the disease. Immune regulatory and inflammatory factors released by effector T cells, macrophages, and the IVD further aggravate IVDD. Reversing IVDD by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment is a potential approach for the treatment of the disease. However, the biological factors modulating the inflammatory microenvironment easily degrade in vivo. It makes it possible for different biomaterials to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment to repair IVDD. In this review, we have discussed the structures of IVDs and the immune mechanisms underlying IVDD. We have described the immune mechanisms elicited by different biological factors, including tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, transforming growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factors, and reactive oxygen species in IVDs. Finally, we have discussed the biomaterials used to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment to repair IVDD and their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Changfeng Fu,
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11
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Li Z, Yang H, Hai Y, Cheng Y. Regulatory Effect of Inflammatory Mediators in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:6210885. [PMID: 37101594 PMCID: PMC10125773 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6210885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major contributor to back, neck, and radicular pain. It is related to changes in tissue structure and function, including the breakdown of the extracellular matrix (ECM), aging, apoptosis of the nucleus pulposus, and biomechanical tissue impairment. Recently, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that inflammatory mediators play a crucial role in IDD, and they are being explored as potential treatment targets for IDD and associated disorders. For example, interleukins (IL), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), chemokines, and inflammasomes have all been linked to the pathophysiology of IDD. These inflammatory mediators are found in high concentrations in intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues and cells and are associated with the severity of LBP and IDD. It is feasible to reduce the production of these proinflammatory mediators and develop a novel therapy for IDD, which will be a hotspot of future research. In this review, the effects of inflammatory mediators in IDD were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Honghao Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yong Hai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yunzhong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
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12
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Mohd Isa IL, Teoh SL, Mohd Nor NH, Mokhtar SA. Discogenic Low Back Pain: Anatomy, Pathophysiology and Treatments of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:208. [PMID: 36613651 PMCID: PMC9820240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major contributing factor for discogenic low back pain (LBP), causing a significant global disability. The IVD consists of an inner core proteoglycan-rich nucleus pulposus (NP) and outer lamellae collagen-rich annulus fibrosus (AF) and is confined by a cartilage end plate (CEP), providing structural support and shock absorption against mechanical loads. Changes to degenerative cascades in the IVD cause dysfunction and instability in the lumbar spine. Various treatments include pharmacological, rehabilitation or surgical interventions that aim to relieve pain; however, these modalities do not halt the pathologic events of disc degeneration or promote tissue regeneration. Loss of stem and progenitor markers, imbalance of the extracellular matrix (ECM), increase of inflammation, sensory hyperinnervation and vascularization, and associated signaling pathways have been identified as the onset and progression of disc degeneration. To better understand the pain originating from IVD, our review focuses on the anatomy of IVD and the pathophysiology of disc degeneration that contribute to the development of discogenic pain. We highlight the key mechanisms and associated signaling pathways underlying disc degeneration causing discogenic back pain, current clinical treatments, clinical perspective and directions of future therapies. Our review comprehensively provides a better understanding of healthy IVD and degenerative events of the IVD associated with discogenic pain, which helps to model painful disc degeneration as a therapeutic platform and to identify signaling pathways as therapeutic targets for the future treatment of discogenic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isma Liza Mohd Isa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda Mohd Nor
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Sabarul Afian Mokhtar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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13
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Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7299005. [PMID: 36573114 PMCID: PMC9789911 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7299005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of low back pain caused by lumbar disc degeneration is high, and it can lead to loss of work ability and impose heavy social and economic burdens. The pathogenesis of low back pain is unclear, and there are no effective treatments. With age, the deposition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in intervertebral disc (IVD) gradually increases and is accelerated by diabetes and a high-AGEs diet, leading to destruction of the annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and cartilage endplate (CEP) and finally intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Reducing the accumulation of AGEs in IVD and blocking the transmission of downstream signals caused by AGEs have a significant effect on alleviating IDD. In this review, we summarize the mechanism by which AGEs induce IDD and potential treatment strategies.
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14
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Liu Z, Fu C. Application of single and cooperative different delivery systems for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1058251. [PMID: 36452213 PMCID: PMC9702580 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1058251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is the most universal pathogenesis of low back pain (LBP), a prevalent and costly medical problem across the world. Persistent low back pain can seriously affect a patient's quality of life and even lead to disability. Furthermore, the corresponding medical expenses create a serious economic burden to both individuals and society. Intervertebral disc degeneration is commonly thought to be related to age, injury, obesity, genetic susceptibility, and other risk factors. Nonetheless, its specific pathological process has not been completely elucidated; the current mainstream view considers that this condition arises from the interaction of multiple mechanisms. With the development of medical concepts and technology, clinicians and scientists tend to intervene in the early or middle stages of intervertebral disc degeneration to avoid further aggravation. However, with the aid of modern delivery systems, it is now possible to intervene in the process of intervertebral disc at the cellular and molecular levels. This review aims to provide an overview of the main mechanisms associated with intervertebral disc degeneration and the delivery systems that can help us to improve the efficacy of intervertebral disc degeneration treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtai Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Sun K, Jiang J, Wang Y, Sun X, Zhu J, Xu X, Sun J, Shi J. The role of nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in regulating intervertebral disc degeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101733. [PMID: 36113765 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been the major contributor to chronic lower back pain (LBP). Abnormal apoptosis, senescence, and pyroptosis of IVD cells, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and infiltration of immune cells are the major molecular alternations during IVDD. Changes at tissue level frequently occur at advanced IVD tissue. Ectopic ingrowth of nerves within inner annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue has been considered as the primary cause for LBP. Innervation at IVD tissue mainly included sensory and sympathetic nerves, and many markers for these two types of nerves have been detected since 1940. In fact, in osteoarthritis (OA), beyond pain transmission, the direct regulation of neuropeptides on functions of chondrocytes have attracted researchers' great attention recently. Many physical and pathological similarities between joint and IVD have shed us the light on the neurogenic mechanism involved in IVDD. Here, an overview of the advances in the nervous system within IVD tissue will be performed, with a discussion on in the role of nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in regulating IVDD. We hope this review can attract more research interest to address neuromodulation and IVDD itself, which will enhance our understanding of the contribution of neuromodulation to the structural changes within IVD tissue and inflammatory responses and will help identify novel therapeutic targets and enable the effective treatment of IVDD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China; Department of Orthopedics, Naval Medical Center of PLA, China
| | - Jialin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jingchuan Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Gao X, Frakich N, Filippini P, Edwards LJ, Vinkemeier U, Gran B, Tanasescu R, Bayraktutan U, Colombo S, Constantinescu CS. Effects of substance P on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3 are mediated exclusively through a truncated NK-1 receptor and depend on cell confluence. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102265. [PMID: 35696961 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide substance P (SP) mediates pain transmission, immune modulation, vasodilation and neurogenic inflammation. Its role in the peripheral nervous system has been well characterised. However, its actions on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are less clear and warrant further study. The aim of this study was to characterise the effect of SP on the brain microvascular endothelial cells using the immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cell line hCMEC/D3. As part of our studies, we have evaluated changes in expression, at mRNA and protein levels, of genes involved in the function of the blood-brain barrier such as occludin, induced by exposure to SP. We show that the effect of SP is dependent on cell confluence status. Thus, at low confluence but not at full confluence, SP treatment reduced occludin expression. The expression of the SP receptor, neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) (the truncated form of the receptor expressed exclusively in this cell line) was also modulated in a similar pattern. SP treatment stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk2) phosphorylation which was not associated to changes in Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8), or Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) protein expression. In addition, SP treatment effectively recovered nitric oxide production on cells exposed to tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). SP did not trigger intracellular calcium release in hCMEC/D3 cells. We conclude that hCMEC/D3 cells are partially responsive to SP, that the effects are mediated through the truncated form of the receptor and are dependent on the confluence status of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Nanci Frakich
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Perla Filippini
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laura J Edwards
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, Medical School, Royal Derby Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 3DT, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Uwe Vinkemeier
- School of Life Science, Action Medical Research Professor of Cell Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bruno Gran
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Radu Tanasescu
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK; Department of Neurology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ulvi Bayraktutan
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sergio Colombo
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK; Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Neurological Institute, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.
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Dihydroartemisinin Attenuated Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Inhibiting PI3K/AKT and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8672969. [PMID: 36120596 PMCID: PMC9481359 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8672969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the leading cause of low back pain (LBP). However, effective therapeutic drugs for IDD remain to be further explored. Inflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in the onset and progression of IDD. Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been well reported to have powerful anti-inflammatory effects, but whether DHA could ameliorate the development of IDD remained unclear. In this study, the effects of DHA on extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism and cellular senescence were firstly investigated in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) under tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced inflammation. Meanwhile, AKT agonist sc-79 was used to determine whether DHA exerted its actions through regulating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Next, the therapeutic effects of DHA were tested in a puncture-induced rat IDD model. Finally, we detected the activation of PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways in clinical degenerative nucleus pulposus specimens. We demonstrated that DHA ameliorated the imbalance between anabolism and catabolism of extracellular matrix and alleviated NPCs senescence induced by TNFα in vitro. Further, we illustrated that DHA mitigated the IDD progression in a puncture-induced rat model. Mechanistically, DHA inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by TNFα, which was undermined by AKT agonist sc-79. Molecular docking predicted that DHA bound to the PI3K directly. Intriguingly, we also verified the activation of PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways in clinical degenerative nucleus pulposus specimens, suggesting that DHA may qualify itself as a promising drug for mitigating IDD.
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Zhang K, Gao L, Wang HX, Ye L, Shi YY, Yang WY, Li YN, Li Y. Interleukin-18 Inhibition Protects Against Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via the Inactivation of Caspase-3/9 Dependent Apoptotic Pathways. Immunol Invest 2022; 51:1895-1907. [PMID: 35921125 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2077113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to identify and understand the potential effectiveness of therapeutic target in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and its regulation mechanism. METHODS The role and mechanism of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the disease were investigated. The IVDD degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues from the human and mouse models were used.A total of three groups of Male BALB/c mice were randomly made i.e control, IVDD, and IVDD+Ad-shIL-18 groups. After Ad-shIL-18 transfection, the expression of ECM synthesis related protein Aggrecan (ACAN) and Collagen II, apoptotic effector Caspases (Caspase-3, 8, 9, 12 and Cleaved-Caspase 3, 8, 9, 12), pro-apoptotic gene Bax and anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 in NP cells of the human were evaluated. RESULTS The results of our study revealed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-18 were notably increased in the NP tissues of IVDD patients and mice models. In the IVDD mice model, Ad-sh-IL-18 treatment reversed the IVDD progression. The levels of Aggrecan and Collagen II, contributing to ECM degradation in NP cells, were also significantly increased. Additionally, Ad-sh-IL-18 could inhibit the NP cell's apoptosis via regulating the caspase-3/9 pathway. CONCLUSION The IL-18 knockdown via the caspase-3/9 pathway, might reduce the NP cell's death as well as the imbalance between catabolism and anabolism of ECM in IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Bone Oncology, Second Hospital of Zhangjiakou, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Infection Control, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Yan-Yan Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Wu-Yan Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Department of Neurology, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, HanDan Central Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
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Irisin Ameliorates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Activating LATS/YAP/CTGF Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9684062. [PMID: 35915608 PMCID: PMC9338732 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9684062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Unbalanced metabolism of an extracellular matrix (ECM) in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) is widely acknowledged as the primary cause of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Irisin, a novel myokine, is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) and has recently been proven to regulate the metabolism of ECM. However, little is known about its potential on NPCs and the development of IDD. Therefore, this study sought to examine the protective effects and molecular mechanism of irisin on IDD in vivo and in vitro. Decreased expression levels of FNDC5 and anabolism markers (COL2A1 and ACAN) but increased levels of catabolism markers (ADAMTS4) were found in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues. In a punctured-induced rat IDD model, irisin treatment was found to significantly slow the development of IDD, and in TNF-α-stimulated NPCs, irisin treatment partly reversed the disorder of ECM metabolism. In mechanism, RNA-seq results suggested that irisin treatment affected the Hippo signaling pathway. Further studies revealed that with irisin treatment, the phosphorylation levels of key factors (LATS and YAP) were downregulated, while the expression level of CTGF was upregulated. Moreover, CTGF knockdown partially eliminated the protective effects of irisin on the metabolism of ECM in NPCs, including inhibiting the anabolism and promoting the catabolism. Taken together, this study demonstrated that the expression levels of FNDC5 were decreased in degenerative NP tissues, while irisin treatment promoted the anabolism, inhibited the catabolism of the ECM in NPCs, and delayed the progression of IDD via LATS/YAP/CTGF signaling. These results shed light on the protective actions of irisin on NPCs, leading to the development of a novel therapeutic target for treating IDD.
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Kim JH, Ham CH, Kwon WK. Current Knowledge and Future Therapeutic Prospects in Symptomatic Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Yonsei Med J 2022; 63:199-210. [PMID: 35184422 PMCID: PMC8860939 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.63.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the main source of intractable lower back pain, and symptomatic IVD degeneration could be due to different degeneration mechanisms. In this article, we describe the molecular basis of symptomatic IVD degenerative disc diseases (DDDs), emphasizing the role of degeneration, inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulation during this process. In symptomatic DDD, pro-inflammatory mediators modulate catabolic reactions, resulting in changes in ECM homeostasis and, finally, neural/vascular ingrowth-related chronic intractable discogenic pain. In ECM homeostasis, anabolic protein-regulating genes show reduced expression and changes in ECM production, while matrix metalloproteinase gene expression increases and results in aggressive ECM degradation. The resultant loss of normal IVD viscoelasticity and a concomitant change in ECM composition are key mechanisms in DDDs. During inflammation, a macrophage-related cascade is represented by the secretion of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which induce inflammation. Aberrant angiogenesis is considered a key initiative pathologic step in symptomatic DDD. In reflection of angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor expression is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in the hypoxic conditions of IVDs. Furthermore, IVD cells undergoing degeneration potentially enhance neovascularization by secreting large amounts of angiogenic cytokines, which penetrate the IVD from the outer annulus fibrosus, extending deep into the outer part of the nucleus pulposus. Based on current knowledge, a multi-disciplinary approach is needed in all aspects of spinal research, starting from basic research to clinical applications, as this will provide information regarding treatments for DDDs and discogenic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Han Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Ham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Exogenous Parathyroid Hormone Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration through the Sonic Hedgehog Signalling Pathway Mediated by CREB. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9955677. [PMID: 35265269 PMCID: PMC8898813 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9955677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As an important hormone that regulates the balance of calcium and phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) has also been found to have an important function in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Our aim was to investigate the mechanism by which PTH alleviates IVDD. In this study, the PTH 1 receptor was found to be highly expressed in severely degenerated human nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. We found in the mouse model of IVDD that supplementation with exogenous PTH alleviated the narrowing of the intervertebral space and the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) caused by tail suspension (TS). In addition, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis levels were significantly increased in the intervertebral disc tissues of TS-induced mice, and the activity of NP cells was decreased. TS also led to the downregulation of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signalling pathway-related signal molecules in NP cells such as SHH, Smoothened, and GLI1. However, supplementation with exogenous PTH can reverse these changes. In vitro, PTH also promotes the activity of NP cells and the secretion of ECM. However, the antagonist of the SHH signalling pathway can inhibit the therapeutic effect of PTH on NP cells. In addition, a cAMP-response element-binding protein, as an important transcription factor, was found to mediate the promotion of PTH on the SHH signalling pathway. Our results revealed that PTH can alleviate IVDD by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis and improving the activity of NP cells via activating the SHH signalling pathway.
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22
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Immunomodulatory Effects and Potential Applications in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:7538025. [PMID: 35222648 PMCID: PMC8881131 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7538025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degenerative disease is a common health problem worldwide. Administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) has been widely explored in recent years. However, transplantation of MSCs is restricted by several factors. Currently, paracrine signaling is one of the main mechanisms by which MSCs play a therapeutic role in disc regeneration. Extracellular vehicles (EVs) are the main paracrine products of MSCs. They show great potential as an effective alternative to MSCs and play immunomodulation roles such as anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidative stress, antiapoptosis, and antiextracellular matrix (ECM) degradation during treatment of IVDD. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory effect of MSC EVs and their potential applications.
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Aloin Regulates Matrix Metabolism and Apoptosis in Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells via the TAK1/NF- κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:5865011. [PMID: 35035490 PMCID: PMC8758297 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5865011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a degenerative disease that is characterized by decreased matrix synthesis and extra degradation, nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) apoptosis, and infiltration of inflammatory factors. Aloin, a colored compound from aloe plants, has been shown to be effective against skeletal degenerative diseases, but it is unclear whether it is protective against IDD. Herein, we investigated the role of aloin in NPCs. In our study, the upregulation of proinflammatory factors, apoptosis, and unbalanced matrix metabolism were observed in degenerative NP tissues. We found that aloin had a curative effect on extracellular matrix metabolism and apoptosis in TNF-alpha- (TNF-α-) treated NPCs by inhibiting oxidative stress and the proinflammatory factor expression. Further investigation revealed that aloin treatment suppressed the TAK1/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, the expression level of the NLPR3 inflammasome was downregulated after aloin treatment in TNF-α-treated NPCs. In summary, our results demonstrated that aloin treatment can reverse TNF-α-induced unbalanced matrix metabolism and apoptosis of NPCs via the TAK1/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis. This study supports that aloin can be a promising therapeutic agent for IDD.
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2166817. [PMID: 35069969 PMCID: PMC8769842 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2166817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration is a very common type of degenerative disease causing severe socioeconomic impact, as well as a major cause of discogenic low back pain and herniated discs, placing a heavy burden on patients and the clinicians who treat them. IDD is known to be associating with a complex process involving in extracellular matrix and cellular damage, and in recent years, there is increasing evidence that oxidative stress is an important activation mechanism of IDD and that reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species regulate matrix metabolism, proinflammatory phenotype, autophagy and senescence in intervertebral disc cells, apoptosis, autophagy, and senescence. Despite the tremendous efforts of researchers within the field of IDD pathogenesis, the proven strategies to prevent and treat this disease are still very limited. Up to now, several antioxidants have been proved to be effective for alleviating IDD. In this article, we discussed that oxidative stress accelerates disc degeneration by influencing aging, inflammation, autophagy, and DNA methylation, and summarize some antioxidant therapeutic measures for IDD, indicating that antioxidant therapy for disc degeneration holds excellent promise.
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Mangiferin Alleviates Mitochondrial ROS in Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Protects against Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Suppression of NF- κB Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6632786. [PMID: 34234886 PMCID: PMC8216826 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), one of the most common clinical diseases worldwide, causes disc herniation and sciatica. Recent studies have identified the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, and extracellular matrix degradation in IVDD. Mangiferin is known to protect against various diseases by inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing inflammation reaction, and relieving mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether mangiferin can alleviate IVDD remains to be elucidated. In the present study, human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) and mouse intervertebral discs were cultured and stimulated with TNF-α, with or without treatment of mangiferin. Moreover, we established a rat needle puncture model and injected mangiferin into the intervertebral discs to verify its protective effect on IVDD. Furthermore, the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway was tested in vitro. Our results indicated that mangiferin alleviated the inflammatory response and reversed the loss of major intervertebral disc components. Besides, mangiferin reduced reactive oxygen species production, ameliorated mitochondrial damage, and decreased the expression of apoptosis-related parameters in stimulation of TNF-α. In addition, mangiferin antagonized the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by TNF-α. Collectively, mangiferin antagonized mitochondrial ROS in NP cells and protected against IVDD by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which might provide a potential therapeutic instrument for IVDD.
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Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Ameliorates Injury-Induced Oxidative Stress and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Rats by Inhibiting p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5556122. [PMID: 34122723 PMCID: PMC8172320 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5556122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) is a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, a representative traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of the study was to investigate the capability of STS to reverse injury-induced intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods Forty adult rats were randomly allocated into groups (control, IDD, STS10, and STS20). An IDD model was established by puncturing the Co8-9 disc using a needle. Rats in the STS groups were administered STS by daily intraperitoneal injection (10 or 20 mg/kg body weight) while rats in the control and IDD groups received the same quantity of normal saline. After four weeks, the entire spine from each rat was scanned for X-ray and MRI analysis. Each Co8-9 IVD underwent histological analysis (H&E, Safranin-O Fast green, and alcian blue staining). A tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to determine the expression levels of collagen II (COL2), aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase-3/13 (MMP-3/13), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Levels of oxidative stress were measured using an ELISA while activity of the p38 MAPK pathway was assessed using Western blot analysis. Results Compared with the control group, needle puncture significantly decreased IVD volume and T-2 weighted MR signal intensity, confirming disc degeneration. These alterations were significantly attenuated by treatment with 10 or 20 mg/kg STS. Lower COL2 and aggrecan and higher MMP-3/13, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in the IDD group were substantially reversed by STS. In addition, treatment with STS increased antioxidative enzyme activity and decreased levels of oxidative stress induced by needle puncture. Furthermore, STS inhibited the p38 MAPK pathway in the rat model of IDD. Conclusions STS ameliorated injury-induced intervertebral disc degeneration and displayed anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties in a rat model of IDD, possibly via inhibition of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Low Back Pain by Upregulating Substance P in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6681815. [PMID: 34093962 PMCID: PMC8140854 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6681815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to have a strong correlation with a number of intervertebral disc (IVD) diseases. Here, we aimed to determine whether ROS represent an etiology of low back pain (LBP) during IVD degeneration. Thirty degenerated intervertebral disc samples were obtained from patients, and ROS levels were quantified using dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. The results suggested a significant correlation between the ROS level and the severity of LBP. Subsequently, a puncture-induced LBP model was established in rats, and ROS levels significantly increased compared with those in the sham surgery group, accompanied with severe puncture-induced IVD degeneration. In addition, when ROS levels were increased by H2O2 administration or decreased by NAC treatment, the rats showed increased or decreased LBP, respectively. Based on this evidence, we further determined that stimulation with H2O2 in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) in vivo or in vitro resulted in upregulation of substance P (SP), a peptide thought to be involved in the synaptic transmission of pain, and that the severity of LBP decreased when SP levels were increased by exogenous SP administration or neutralized via aprepitant treatment in the IVDs of rats. In conclusion, ROS are primary inducers of LBP based on clinical and animal data, and the mechanism involves ROS stimulation of NPCs to secrete SP, which is a critical neurotransmitter peptide, to promote LBP in IVDs. Therefore, reducing the level of ROS with specific drugs and inhibiting SP may be alternative methods to treat LBP in the clinic.
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Sun K, Zhu J, Sun J, Sun X, Huan L, Zhang B, Lin F, Zheng B, Jiang J, Luo X, Xu X, Shi J. Neuropeptide Y prevents nucleus pulposus cells from cell apoptosis and IL‑1β‑induced extracellular matrix degradation. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:960-977. [PMID: 33966606 PMCID: PMC8172154 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1911914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is characterized by excessive inflammatory reaction, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) was reported to have anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effect of NPY on NP cells has not been investigated up to date. This study aimed to clarify the role of NPY on the process of IDD. Fourteen fresh human lumbar intervertebral discs were harvested, and degeneration-related proteins were examined. Pfirrmann grading system was used to evaluate IDD. Rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were used to investigate the effect of NPY on the proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) in NP cell induced by IL-1βin vitro. The expression levels of NPY and its receptors (type 1 receptor, Y1R, and type 2 receptor, Y2R) were detected via immunohistochemical analysis, western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and proliferation were explored using cell counting kit-8 assay, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Cell apoptosis was investigated by Hoechst staining, JC-1 Staining, annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, and western blot. The secretion of NPY from NP cells was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of anabolic and catabolic gene was analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence analysis, and ELISA. The expression of Y2R was significantly increased in both human degenerative intervertebral discs and IL-1β-induced NP cells. Although no positive results for NPY indicated by western blot both in vivo and in vitro, ELISA results demonstrated that the secretion of NPY from NP cells was increased by low-concentration IL-1β, but was decreased when the concentration of IL-1β was 30 ng/ml and above. In addition, NPY could promote NP cells proliferation and protect NP cells against IL‑1β‑induced apoptosis via suppressing mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis pathway. What's more, NPY can suppress the expression of catabolic gene and ameliorate IL-1β- induced matrix degeneration in NP cells. In conclusion, NPY could promote NP cell proliferation and alleviate IL‑1β‑induced cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. In addition, NPY can suppress the expression of ECM‑catabolic proteinases and ameliorate IL-1β- induced ECM degeneration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchuan Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Huan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangang Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Spine Center, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Binch ALA, Fitzgerald JC, Growney EA, Barry F. Cell-based strategies for IVD repair: clinical progress and translational obstacles. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:158-175. [PMID: 33526926 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-00568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain, a prevalent and chronic condition that has a striking effect on quality of life. Currently, no approved pharmacological interventions or therapies are available that prevent the progressive destruction of the IVD; however, regenerative strategies are emerging that aim to modify the disease. Progress has been made in defining promising new treatments for disc disease, but considerable challenges remain along the entire translational spectrum, from understanding disease mechanism to useful interpretation of clinical trials, which make it difficult to achieve a unified understanding. These challenges include: an incomplete appreciation of the mechanisms of disc degeneration; a lack of standardized approaches in preclinical testing; in the context of cell therapy, a distinct lack of cohesion regarding the cell types being tested, the tissue source, expansion conditions and dose; the absence of guidelines regarding disease classification and patient stratification for clinical trial inclusion; and an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underpinning therapeutic responses to cell delivery. This Review discusses current approaches to disc regeneration, with a particular focus on cell-based therapeutic strategies, including ongoing challenges, and attempts to provide a framework to interpret current data and guide future investigational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie L A Binch
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joan C Fitzgerald
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Emily A Growney
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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Liu L, He J, Liu C, Yang M, Fu J, Yi J, Ai X, Liu M, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Huang B, Li C, Zhou Y, Feng C. Cartilage intermediate layer protein affects the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the extracellular microenvironment (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:475-484. [PMID: 33416131 PMCID: PMC7797476 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), which is caused by multiple factors, affects the health of individuals and contributes to low back pain. The pathology of IDD is complicated, and changes in the extracellular microenvironment play an important role in promoting the process of degeneration. Cartilage intermediate layer protein (CILP) is a matrix protein that resides in the middle of human articular cartilage and is involved in numerous diseases that affect cartilage. However, there is no detailed review of the relationship between CILP and degenerative disc disease. Growing evidence has revealed the presence of CILP in the extracellular microenvironment of intervertebral discs (IVDs) and has suggested that there is a gradual increase in CILP in degenerative discs. Specifically, CILP plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM), an important component of the extracellular microenvironment. CILP can combine with transforming growth factor-β or insulin-like growth factor-1 to regulate the ECM synthesis of IVDs and influence the balance of ECM metabolism, which leads to changes in the extracellular microenvironment to promote the process of IDD. It may be possible to show the correlation of CILP with IDD and to target CILP to interfere with IDD. For this purpose, in the present study, the current knowledge on CILP was summarized and a detailed description of CILP in discs was provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libangxi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jinyue He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xi'nan Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Jiarong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Xuezheng Ai
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yaqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
| | - Chencheng Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, P.R. China
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Targeting miR-10a-5p/IL-6R axis for reducing IL-6-induced cartilage cell ferroptosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 118:104570. [PMID: 33166496 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) causes lower back pain, and is often accompanied with robust inflammation. However, whether inflammation plays a role in IDD remains controversial, and the mechanism is ill-elucidated. METHODS Cartilage specimens from patients with scoliosis (control) and IDD were examined for IL-6 and its receptor expression by qPCR and western blot. Primary human articular chondrocyte was employed as a model for in vitro assessment of IL-6 effects in cell viability, cellular oxidative stress and iron homeostasis by MTT, MDA, ROS and Iron Colorimetric assays. The underlying mechanism was explored by qPCR, western blot, RIP in combination with bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS We found in this study that IL-6 and its receptor were aberrantly expressed in cartilage tissues of IDD patients. IL-6 down-regulated miR-10a-5p, which subsequently derepressed IL-6R expression. IL-6 exposure caused cartilage cell ferroptosis by inducing cellular oxidative stress and disturbing iron homeostasis. Overexpressing miR-10a-5p suppressed IL-6R expression, and partially abolished IL-6-induced ferroptosis. CONCLUSION Results from current study suggests that inflammatory cytokine IL-6 appeared in IVD aggravates its degeneration by inducing cartilage cell ferroptosis. This is caused partially by inhibiting miR-10a-5p and subsequently derepressing IL-6R signaling pathway. Our study provides a novel mechanism explaining inflammatory cytokine-caused cartilage cell death in degenerative IVD, and makes IL-6/miR-10a-5p/IL-6R axis a potential therapeutic target for intervention of IDD.
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Song XX, Jin LY, Li XF, Luo Y, Yu BW. Substance P Mediates Estrogen Modulation Proinflammatory Cytokines Release in Intervertebral Disc. Inflammation 2020; 44:506-517. [PMID: 32965648 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a main contributor to low back pain. A close relationship exists between inflammation and pain. Estrogen can affect inflammation and may play a crucial role in IDD and pain. Substance P (SP) can also regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in intervertebral disc (IVD). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of SP in estrogen regulation of IDD. Nine-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were divided into four groups as follows: sham surgery (sham), ovariectomy (OVX), ovariectomy plus estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) group (OVX+E2), and ovariectomy, ERT plus neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) agonist (OVX+E2+G). Serum E2, body, and uterus weight were recorded. Immunohistochemistry study and quantitative real-time PCR were used for SP, NK1R, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α examination and comparison in IVD at protein and gene levels. After OVX, the gene and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SP, and NK1R in NP cells significantly increased compared with the sham group. ERT can reverse these impacts. ERT plays anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic roles in IDD of OVX mice. The estrogen-induced changes of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, are significantly inhibited by NK1R agonists. SP may be a mediator of estrogen regulating pro-inflammatory factors in IDD. Estrogen may affect IVD inflammation through two ways: one is to directly affect the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the other is by means of modulation of SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xing Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lin-Yu Jin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xin-Feng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 1630, Dongfang Rd, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bu-Wei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Lu, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Wang Y, Che M, Xin J, Zheng Z, Li J, Zhang S. The role of IL-1β and TNF-α in intervertebral disc degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110660. [PMID: 32853910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP), a prevalent and costly disease around the world, is predominantly caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). LBP also presents a substantial burden to public health and the economy. IDD is mainly caused by aging, trauma, genetic susceptibility, and other factors. It is closely associated with changes in tissue structure and function, including progressive destruction of the extracellular matrix (ECM), enhanced senescence, disc cell death, and impairment of tissue biomechanical function. The inflammatory process, exacerbated by cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), are considered to be the key mediators of IDD and LBP. IL-1β and TNF-α are the most important proinflammatory cytokines, as they have powerful proinflammatory activities and can promote the secretion of a variety of proinflammatory mediators. They are also upregulated in the degenerative IVDs, and they are closely related to various pathological IDD processes, including inflammatory response, matrix destruction, cellular senescence, autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and proliferation. Therefore, anti-IL-1β and anti-TNF-α therapies may have the potential to alleviate disc degeneration and LBP. In this paper, we reviewed the expression pattern and signal transduction pathways of IL-1β and TNF-α, and we primarily focused on their similar and different roles in IDD. Because IL-1β and TNF-α inhibition have the potential to alleviate IDD, an in-depth understanding of the role of IL-1β and TNF-α in IDD will benefit the development of new treatment methods for disc degeneration with IL-1β and TNF-α at the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingxue Che
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingguo Xin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Dai L, Perera DS, Burcher E, Liu L. Hemokinin-1 and substance P stimulate production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human colonic mucosa via both NK 1 and NK 2 tachykinin receptors. Neuropeptides 2020; 82:102061. [PMID: 32600668 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing focus on the involvement of tachykinins in immune and inflammatory responses. Hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is a recently identified tachykinin that originates primarily from immune cells, and has structural similarities to substance P (SP), found mainly in neurons. However, there are species differences in HK-1, and the role of HK-1 in humans, particularly the intestine, has received minimal attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory role of human HK-1 in the human colon. The effects of HK-1 and SP were compared on the production of multiple inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from human colonic mucosal explants. Data generated by Procarta multiplex assay and QuantiGene assay demonstrated that 4 h incubation with HK-1 (0.1 μM) significantly stimulated transcript expression and release of MCP-1, MIP-1α and β, RANTES, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 from the mucosa. SP (0.1 μM) had comparable actions, but had no effect on MCP-1 or RANTES. These effects were inhibited separately by tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptor antagonists SR140333 and SR48968 (both 0.1 μM), suggesting that these responses were mediated by both NK1 and NK2 receptors. In conclusion, these data support a novel inflammatory role for HK-1 in human colon, signaling via NK1 and NK2 receptors (and possibly other tachykinin-preferring receptors) to regulate the release of a broad spectrum of proinflammatory mediators. The study suggests that along with SP, HK-1 is also a proinflammatory mediator, likely involved in colonic inflammation, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - D Shevy Perera
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Burcher
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Network Analysis Identifies Gene Regulatory Network Indicating the Role of RUNX1 in Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070771. [PMID: 32659941 PMCID: PMC7397129 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a multifactorial physiological process which is often associated with lower back pain. Previous studies have identified some molecular markers associated with disc degeneration, which despite their significant contributions, have provided limited insight into the etiology of IDD. In this study, we utilized a network medicine approach to uncover potential molecular mediators of IDD. Our systematic analyses of IDD associated with 284 genes included functional annotation clustering, interaction networks, network cluster analysis and Transcription factors (TFs)-target gene network analysis. The functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction network analysis highlighted the role of inflammatory genes and cytokine/chemokine signaling in IDD. Moreover, sub-network analysis identified significant clusters possessing organized networks of 24 cytokine and chemokine genes, which may be considered as key modulators for IDD. The expression of these genes was validated in independent microarray datasets. In addition, the regulatory network analysis identified the role of multiple transcription factors, with RUNX1 being a master regulator in the pathogenesis of IDD. Our analyses highlighted the role of cytokine genes and interacting pathways in IDD and further improved our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying IDD.
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Guo W, Zhang B, Sun C, Duan HQ, Liu WX, Mu K, Zhao L, Li HR, Dong ZY, Cui Q. Circular RNA derived from TIMP2 functions as a competitive endogenous RNA and regulates intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting miR‑185‑5p and matrix metalloproteinase 2. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:621-632. [PMID: 32626912 PMCID: PMC7307854 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important cause of lower back pain, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to examine the role of a circular RNA derived from tissue inhibitor of metallopeptidases 2 (circ-TIMP2) in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, and to validate its function in cultured human NP cells. Overexpression of miR-185-5p in NP cells markedly inhibited the enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) treatment. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was a potential target of miR-185-5p. MMP2 protein expression levels were increased following treatment with TNF-α and IL-1β in NP cells compared with those in untreated cells, and this effect was attenuated by transfection with miR-185-5p. Compared with normal NP tissues, IDD samples exhibited higher circ-TIMP2 expression levels. In addition, overexpres-sion of circ-TIMP2 promoted ECM catabolism and suppressed ECM anabolism. Furthermore, circ-TIMP2 sequestered miR-185-5p, which may potentially upregulate the target genes associated with ECM degradation. In conclusion, the results of the present study revealed that circ-TIMP2 promoted TNF-α- and IL-1β-induced NP cell imbalance between ECM anabolism and catabolism via miR-185-5p-MMP2 signaling. These findings provide a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (Cangzhou No. 2 Hospital), Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Quan Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Kun Mu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (Cangzhou No. 2 Hospital), Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (Cangzhou No. 2 Hospital), Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (Cangzhou No. 2 Hospital), Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Yin Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (Cangzhou No. 2 Hospital), Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Qing Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hebei Province Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (Cangzhou No. 2 Hospital), Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
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Yu H, Liu Y, Xie W, Xie Q, Liu Q, Cheng L. IL-38 alleviates the inflammatory response and the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106592. [PMID: 32502922 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the inflammatory response contributes to the onset of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Interleukin (IL)-38, a newly discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family, has been demonstrated to play an anti-inflammatory role in autoimmune diseases, such as Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. However, whether IL-38 participates in the pathogenesis of IVDD remains unknown. In this study, human disc tissues from IVDD patients and rat disc tissues from an IVDD model were collected to measure the expression of IL-38 in the IVDD groups and the control groups by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. To further determine the role of IL-38 in IVDD, human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) were stimulated with TNF-α to generate an in vitro model of inflammation to mimic the local inflammatory environment of the lumbar disc. The inflammatory response and HNPC degeneration markers were measured after stimulation with TNF-α and IL-38. IL-38 was upregulated in both the human and rat degenerated disc tissues compared with the control tissues. In vitro, IL-38 significantly decreased the TNF-α-induced expression of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 in the HNPCs, and IL-38 also alleviated the TNF-α-induced reductions in type II collagen and aggrecan. Moreover, IL-38 inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in the HNPC-based model of inflammation by reducing the expression level of the NF-κB P-P65 protein. In conclusion, IL-38 could alleviate the inflammatory response and HNPC degeneration in vitro via the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that IL-38 may be a new strategy for the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, People's Hospital of Dingtao District, Heze 274100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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The circular RNA FAM169A functions as a competitive endogenous RNA and regulates intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting miR-583 and BTRC. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:315. [PMID: 32366862 PMCID: PMC7198574 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important factor leading to low back pain, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study we examined the role of circular RNA FAM169A (circ-FAM169A) in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, and validated its function in cultured human NP cells. Overexpression of circ-FAM169A in NP cells markedly enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism and suppressed ECM anabolism in NP cells. Furthermore, circ-FAM169A sequestered miR-583, which could potentially upregulate BTRC, an inducer of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study revealed that circ-FAM169A promotes IDD development via miR-583/BTRC signaling. These findings provide a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of IDD.
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Zheng H, Wang T, Li X, He W, Gong Z, Lou Z, Wang B, Li X. LncRNA MALAT1 exhibits positive effects on nucleus pulposus cell biology in vivo and in vitro by sponging miR-503. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:23. [PMID: 32228440 PMCID: PMC7106590 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is characterized by the loss of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and phenotypic abnormalities. Accumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of IDD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional effects of lncRNA MALAT1 on NPCs in IDD and the possible mechanism governing these effects. Results We validated the decreased expression of MALAT1 in the IDD tissues, which was associated with decreased Collagen II and Aggrecan expression. In vitro, overexpressed MALAT1 could attenuate the effect of IL-1β on NPC proliferation, apoptosis, and Aggrecan degradation. In vivo, MALAT1 overexpression attenuated the severity of disc degeneration in IDD model rats. Our molecular study further demonstrated that MALAT1 could sponge miR-503, modulate the expression of miR-503, and activate downstream MAPK signaling pathways. The effects of MALAT1 on NPCs were partially reversed/aggregated by miR-503 mimics/inhibitor treatment. Conclusion Our data suggested that the MALAT1-miR-503-MAPK pathway plays a critical role in NPCs, which may be a potential strategy for alleviating IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medical, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Yan' An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Department of Panicaceae, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopedics, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenkai Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingguo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Bydon M, Moinuddin FM, Yolcu YU, Wahood W, Alvi MA, Goyal A, Elminawy M, Galeano-Garces C, Dudakovic A, Nassr A, Larson AN, van Wijnen AJ. Lumbar intervertebral disc mRNA sequencing identifies the regulatory pathway in patients with disc herniation and spondylolisthesis. Gene 2020; 750:144634. [PMID: 32240779 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a multifaceted progressive condition and often accompanied by disc herniation (DH) and/or degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS). Given the high prevalence of the disease (up to 20% according to some estimates) and the high costs associated with its care, there is a need to explore novel therapies such as regenerative medicine. Exploring these novel therapies first warrants investigation of molecular pathways underlying these disorders. Here, we show results from next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) on mRNA isolated from 10 human nucleus pulposus (NP) samples of lumbar degenerated discs (DH and DS; n = 5 for each tissue) and other musculoskeletal tissues (Bone, cartilage, growth plate, and muscle; n = 7 for each tissue). Pathway and network analyses based on gene ontology (GO) terms were used to identify the biological functions of differentially expressed mRNAs. A total of 701 genes were found to be significantly upregulated in lumbar NP tissue compared to other musculoskeletal tissues. These differentially expressed mRNAs were primarily involved in DNA damage, immunity and G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle. Interestingly, DH-specific signaling genes showed major network in chemotactic (e.g., CXCL10, CXCL11, IL1RL2 and IL6) and matrix-degrading pathway (e.g., MMP16, ADAMTSL1, 5, 8, 12, and 15), while DS-specific signaling genes were found to be those involved in cell adhesion (e.g., CDH1, EPHA1 and EFNA2) and inflammatory cytokines (e.g., CD19, CXCL5, CCL24, 25 and XCL2). Our findings provide new leads for therapeutic drug discovery that would permit optimization of medical or pharmacological intervention for cases of lumbar DDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Bydon
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - F M Moinuddin
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Yagiz U Yolcu
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Waseem Wahood
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Mohammed Ali Alvi
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Anshit Goyal
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Mohammed Elminawy
- Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Catalina Galeano-Garces
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ahmad Nassr
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - A Noelle Larson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Binch ALA, Richardson SM, Hoyland JA, Barry FP. Combinatorial conditioning of adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells enhances their neurovascular potential: Implications for intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine 2019; 2:e1072. [PMID: 31891121 PMCID: PMC6920684 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are becoming an increasingly attractive option for regenerative therapies due to their availability, self-renewal capacity, multilineage potential, and anti-inflammatory properties. Clinical trials are underway to test the efficacy of stem cell-based therapies for the repair and regeneration of the degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD), a major cause of back pain. Recently, both bone marrow-derived MSCs and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been assessed for IVD therapy but there is a lack of knowledge surrounding the optimal cell source and the response of transplanted cells to the low oxygen, pro-inflammatory niche of the degenerate disc. Here, we investigated several neurovascular factors from donor-matched MSCs and ASCs that may potentiate the survival and persistence of sensory nerve fibers and blood vessels present within painful degenerate discs and their regulation by oxygen tensions and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS Donor-matched ASCs and MSCs were conditioned with either IL-1β or TNFα under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (5% O2) conditions. Expression and secretion of several potent neurovascular factors were assessed using qRT-PCR and human magnetic Luminex assay. RESULTS ASCs and MSCs expressed constitutive levels of key neurotrophic factors; and stimulation of ASCs with hypoxia triggered increased secretion of both angiogenic factors (Ang-2 and VEGF-A) and neurotrophic (NGF and NT-3) compared to MSCs. We also report increased transcriptional regulation of pain-associated neuropeptides in hypoxia stimulated ASCs compared to those in normoxic conditions. We demonstrate transcriptional and translational upregulation of NGF, NT-3, Ang-1, and FGF-2 in response to cytokines in ASCs in 21% and 5% O2. CONCLUSIONS This work highlights fundamental differences between the neurovascular secretome of donor-matched ASCs and MSCs, demonstrating the importance of cell-selection for tissue specific regeneration to reduce ectopic sensory nerve and blood vessel survival and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie. L. A. Binch
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway)GalwayIreland
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthManchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Frank P. Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway)GalwayIreland
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Xie L, Huang W, Fang Z, Ding F, Zou F, Ma X, Tao J, Guo J, Xia X, Wang H, Yu Z, Lu F, Jiang J. CircERCC2 ameliorated intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating mitophagy and apoptosis through miR-182-5p/SIRT1 axis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:751. [PMID: 31582722 PMCID: PMC6776655 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the pathogenesis of IVDD. We sued nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues of patients, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) stimulated NP cells (NPCs), and IVDD rat model to explore the interaction between circERCC2 and miR-182-5p/SIRT1 axis. The results showed that downregulation of circERCC2 increased the level of miR-182-5p and decreased the level of SIRT1 in degenerative NP tissues in vivo as well as in TBHP-stimulated NPCs in vitro. Treatment of SIRT1-si activated apoptosis and inhibited mitophagy. Moreover, miR-182-5p-si could regulate the mitophagy and the apoptosis of NPCs by targeting SIRT1. The effects of circERCC2 on NPCs and IVDD rat model were mediated by miR-182-5p/SIRT1 axis. In conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that circERCC2 could ameliorate IVDD through miR-182-5p/SIRT1 axis by activating mitophagy and inhibiting apoptosis, and suggests that circERCC2 is a potentially effective therapeutic target for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Weibo Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhenhua Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 473 Hanzheng Street, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Wuhan Puren Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, 1 Benxi Street, Wuhan, 430080, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Jingkang Guo
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Neurotoxicology, Shanghai University, 381 Nanchen Road, Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Xinlei Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Zuochong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, 1508 Longhang Road, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Feizhou Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, 128 Ruili Road, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Jianyuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Mid-Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Mouser VHM, Arkesteijn ITM, van Dijk BGM, Wuertz‐Kozak K, Ito K. Hypotonicity differentially affects inflammatory marker production by nucleus pulposus tissue in simulated disc degeneration versus herniation. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1110-1116. [PMID: 30835843 PMCID: PMC6593810 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration. Although largely produced by immune cells, nucleus pulposus (NP) cells can also secrete them under various conditions, for example, under free swelling. Thus, tissue hypotonicity may be an inflammatory trigger for NP cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether decreased tonicity under restricted swelling conditions (as occurring in early disc degeneration) could initiate an inflammatory cascade that mediates further degeneration. Healthy bovine NP tissue was balanced against different PEG concentrations (0-30%) to obtain various tissue tonicities. Samples were then placed in an artificial annulus (fixed volume) and were cultured for 3, 7, or 21 days, with free swelling NP as control. Tissue content (water, glycosaminoglycan, collagen) was analyzed, and both the tissue and medium were screened for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2 ), and nitric oxide (NO). A range of tonicities (isotonic to hypotonic) was present at day 3 in the PEG-treated samples. However, during culture, the tonicity range narrowed as GAGs leached from the tissue. TNF-α and IL-1β were below detection limits in all conditions, while mid- and downstream inflammatory cytokines were detected. This may suggest that the extracellular environment directly affects NP cells instead of inducing a classical inflammatory cascade. Furthermore, IL-8 increased in swelling restricted samples, while IL-6 and PGE2 were elevated in free swelling controls. These findings may suggest the involvement of different mechanisms in disc degeneration with intact AF compared to herniation, and encourage further investigation. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian H. M. Mouser
- Orthopaedic BiomechanicsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Irene T. M. Arkesteijn
- Orthopaedic BiomechanicsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Bart G. M. van Dijk
- Orthopaedic BiomechanicsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Karin Wuertz‐Kozak
- Institute for BiomechanicsDepartment of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland,Department of Health SciencesUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany,Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching (Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University in Salzburg)MunichGermany
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic BiomechanicsDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringEindhoven University of TechnologyEindhovenThe Netherlands,Department of OrthopedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Kameda T, Zvick J, Vuk M, Sadowska A, Tam WK, Leung VY, Bölcskei K, Helyes Z, Applegate LA, Hausmann ON, Klasen J, Krupkova O, Wuertz-Kozak K. Expression and Activity of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in the Intervertebral Disc: Association with Inflammation and Matrix Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1767. [PMID: 30974795 PMCID: PMC6480240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have emerged as potential sensors and transducers of inflammatory pain. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) the expression of TRP channels in intervertebral disc (IVD) cells in normal and inflammatory conditions and (2) the function of Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in IVD inflammation and matrix homeostasis. RT-qPCR was used to analyze human fetal, healthy, and degenerated IVD tissues for the gene expression of TRPA1 and TRPV1. The primary IVD cell cultures were stimulated with either interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) alone or in combination with TRPA1/V1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, 3 and 10 µM), followed by analysis of calcium flux and the expression of inflammation mediators (RT-qPCR/ELISA) and matrix constituents (RT-qPCR). The matrix structure and composition in caudal motion segments from TRPA1 and TRPV1 wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) mice was visualized by FAST staining. Gene expression of other TRP channels (A1, C1, C3, C6, V1, V2, V4, V6, M2, M7, M8) was also tested in cytokine-treated cells. TRPA1 was expressed in fetal IVD cells, 20% of degenerated IVDs, but not in healthy mature IVDs. TRPA1 expression was not detectable in untreated cells and it increased upon cytokine treatment, while TRPV1 was expressed and concomitantly reduced. In inflamed IVD cells, 10 µM AITC activated calcium flux, induced gene expression of IL-8, and reduced disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) and collagen 1A1, possibly via upregulated TRPA1. TRPA1 KO in mice was associated with signs of degeneration in the nucleus pulposus and the vertebral growth plate, whereas TRPV1 KO did not show profound changes. Cytokine treatment also affected the gene expression of TRPV2 (increase), TRPV4 (increase), and TRPC6 (decrease). TRPA1 might be expressed in developing IVD, downregulated during its maturation, and upregulated again in degenerative disc disease, participating in matrix homeostasis. However, follow-up studies with larger sample sizes are needed to fully elucidate the role of TRPA1 and other TRP channels in degenerative disc disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kameda
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Hoenggerbergring 64, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
| | - Joel Zvick
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Hoenggerbergring 64, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Miriam Vuk
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Hoenggerbergring 64, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Aleksandra Sadowska
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Hoenggerbergring 64, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Wai Kit Tam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Victor Y Leung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti út 12., Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Szigeti út 12., Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20., Hungary.
| | - Lee Ann Applegate
- Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Unit of Regenerative Therapy (UTR), University Hospital Lausanne, EPCR/02 Chemin des Croisettes 22, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver N Hausmann
- Neuro- and Spine Center, St. Anna Hospital, Sankt-Anna-Strasse 32, 6006 Luzern, Switzerland.
| | - Juergen Klasen
- Clinic Prodorso, Walchestrasse 15, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Olga Krupkova
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Hoenggerbergring 64, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Hoenggerbergring 64, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (AU), Harlachinger Str. 51, 81547 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
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45
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Xu C, Zhang M, Li K, Ni M, Bai Y, Zhang J, Song X, Wang J. CD24 hiCD38 hi B regulatory cells from patients with end plate inflammation presented reduced functional potency. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 70:295-301. [PMID: 30851710 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Problem due to disc degeneration is frequently found in the aging population. However, severe pain and accompanying end plate inflammation is only found in a small subset of patients, who can be of a younger age than most people with severe disc degeneration, with no apparent cause. We hypothesized that deficiencies in B regulatory (Breg) cells might contribute to the aberrant inflammation in these patients. However, we found that the frequency of CD24hiCD38hi Breg cells was significantly higher in patients than in controls. To investigate Breg function, CD24hiCD38hi Breg cells were stimulated via CD40L/αIg and via Staphylococcus aureus Cowan. Interestingly, the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 was significantly lower in patients than in controls. The expression of PD-L1 was comparable between patient CD24hiCD38hi Bregs and control CD24hiCD38hi Bregs. Control CD24hiCD38hi Bregs, but not patient CD24hiCD38hi Bregs, could suppress the expression of TBX21 and RORC2 in stimulated CD4+ T cells, in a manner that was dependent on IL-10 and PD-L1. The expression of FOXP3, on the other hand, was dependent on TGF-β. In addition, PD-L1 reduced the viability of CD4+ T cells. Together, we demonstrated that the patients with end plate inflammation did not present a reduction in CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg frequency, but presented a reduction in CD19+CD24hiCD38hi Breg function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengping Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Pudong New Area People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Hodgkinson T, Shen B, Diwan A, Hoyland JA, Richardson SM. Therapeutic potential of growth differentiation factors in the treatment of degenerative disc diseases. JOR Spine 2019; 2:e1045. [PMID: 31463459 PMCID: PMC6686806 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major contributing factor to chronic low back pain and disability, leading to imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes, altered extracellular matrix composition, loss of tissue hydration, inflammation, and impaired mechanical functionality. Current treatments aim to manage symptoms rather than treat underlying pathology. Therefore, IVD degeneration is a target for regenerative medicine strategies. Research has focused on understanding the molecular process of degeneration and the identification of various factors that may have the ability to halt and even reverse the degenerative process. One such family of growth factors, the growth differentiation factor (GDF) family, have shown particular promise for disc regeneration in in vitro and in vivo models of IVD degeneration. This review outlines our current understanding of IVD degeneration, and in this context, aims to discuss recent advancements in the use of GDF family members as anabolic factors for disc regeneration. An increasing body of evidence indicates that GDF family members are central to IVD homeostatic processes and are able to upregulate healthy nucleus pulposus cell marker genes in degenerative cells, induce mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into nucleus pulposus cells and even act as chemotactic signals mobilizing resident cell populations during disc injury repair. The understanding of GDF signaling and its interplay with inflammatory and catabolic processes may be critical for the future development of effective IVD regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Hodgkinson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Bojiang Shen
- St. George Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ashish Diwan
- St. George Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Judith A. Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
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Yang S, Li L, Zhu L, Zhang C, Li Z, Guo Y, Nie Y, Luo Z. Aucubin inhibits IL‐1β‐ or TNF‐α‐induced extracellular matrix degradation in nucleus pulposus cell through blocking the miR‐140‐5p/CREB1 axis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13639-13648. [PMID: 30637726 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Yang
- Department of Spine The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
| | - Linghui Li
- Department of General Orthopedics Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Department of General Orthopedics Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Spine The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
| | - Zhaoyong Li
- Department of Spine The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
| | - Yantao Guo
- Department of Spine The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
| | - Ying Nie
- Department of Spine The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Spine The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China
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48
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Gallinari MDO, Cintra LTÂ, Benetti F, Rahal V, Ervolino E, Briso ALF. Pulp response of rats submitted to bleaching and the use of different anti-inflammatory drugs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210338. [PMID: 30620760 PMCID: PMC6324791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate neuropeptide expression after bleaching treatment using histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses and the effects of hydrocortisone and acetaminophen on pulp inflammation, sine dental bleaching and inflammation first occur, and only then, the treatmentt. Sixty-three rats were divided into three groups (n = 21) according to the pain-relieving therapy used: I-control; II-topical application of Otosporin for 10 min after the bleaching treatment; III-oral administration of paracetamol 30 min before whitening and then every 12h. In all the study groups, placebo gel was applied to the left upper jaw (control) and a 35% H2O2-based whitening gel was applied to the right upper jaw for 45 min. Seven animals from each group were euthanized at different time points: 0h after treatment, 24h, and 48h. After euthanasia, the first molar on each side was analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry to assess the degree of inflammation and verify the presence of the neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The data were analyzed using the statistical nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test for individual comparisons. Extensive areas of necrosis were observed in the groups that received bleaching treatment only, whereas reduced damage were obtained in the group treated with Otosporin. The immunohistochemical analysis showed positive immunolabeling in all groups, including the control, but this was stronger in the groups that received bleaching treatment. The best results were obtained in the group that received treatment with Otosporin. The use of Otosporin after dental bleaching minimized the side effects of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie de Oliveira Gallinari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Ângelo Cintra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rahal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araçatuba Dental School, UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
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49
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Byvaltsev VA, Kolesnikov SI, Bardonova LA, Belykh EG, Korytov LI, Giers MB, Bowen S, Preul MC. Development of an In Vitro Model of Inflammatory Cytokine Influences on Intervertebral Disk Cells in 3D Cell Culture Using Activated Macrophage-Like THP-1 Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:151-154. [PMID: 30417291 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new model for evaluation of the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on intervertebral disc cells in a 3D culture based on co-culturing of these cells with activated macrophage-like THP-1 cells. The levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70 production were assessed by flow cytofluorometry using microspheres. Considerable differences in the level of spontaneous cytokine secretion by normal and degenerated intervertebral disc cells were revealed. A significant increase in the level of IL-1β and IL-8 was observed during co-culturing, which confirms consistency of the developed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Byvaltsev
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia.
- Irkutsk Research Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia.
- Railroad Clinical Hospital at Irkutsk-Passenger Station, Russian Railways Company, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - S I Kolesnikov
- Research Center for Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russia
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Bardonova
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - E G Belykh
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - L I Korytov
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - M B Giers
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - S Bowen
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M C Preul
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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50
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Wang X, Wang B, Zou M, Li J, Lü G, Zhang Q, Liu F, Lu C. CircSEMA4B targets miR-431 modulating IL-1β-induced degradative changes in nucleus pulposus cells in intervertebral disc degeneration via Wnt pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3754-3768. [PMID: 30251693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD), characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory mediators, increased Aggrecan and collagen degradation, and increased degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), has been widely regarded as a significant contributor to low back pain. Genetics are significant factors contribute to IDD. Based on previous data, circular RNA SEMA4B (circSEMA4B) is down-regulated in IDD specimens; herein, we demonstrated circSEMA4B overexpression could attenuate the effect of IL-1β on nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) proliferation, senescence, and ECM and Aggrecan degradation in IDD via Wnt signaling. Moreover, miR-431, a direct target of circSEMA4B, could bind to the 3'UTR of SFRP1 or GSK-3β, two inhibitory regulators of Wnt signaling, to inhibit their expression thus playing a role similar to the activator of Wnt signaling in NPCs. The effect of circSEMA4B knockdown on NPCs was partially reversed by miR-431 inhibition; circSEMA4B serves as a miR-431 sponge to compete with SFRP1 or GSK-3β for miR-431 binding, thus inhibiting IL-1β-induced degenerative process in NPCs through Wnt signaling. Rescuing circSEMA4B expression in NPCs in IDD might present a potential strategy for IDD improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Mingxiang Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| | - Guohua Lü
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| | - Qianshi Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Fubin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Chang Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
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