LncRNA ST8SIA6-AS1 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by governing miR-651-5p/TM4SF4 axis

Reconstituted Extracellular Vesicles from Human Platelets Decrease Viral Myocarditis in Mice

Patients with viral myocarditis are at risk of sudden death and may progress to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Currently, no disease-specific therapies exist to treat viral myocarditis. Here it is examined whether reconstituted, lyophilized extracellular vesicles (EVs) from platelets from healthy men and women reduce acute or chronic myocarditis in male mice. Human-platelet-derived EVs (PEV) do not cause toxicity, damage, or inflammation in naïve mice. PEV administered during the innate immune response significantly reduces myocarditis with fewer epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 (F4/80) macrophages, T cells (cluster of differentiation molecules 4 and 8, CD4 and CD8), and mast cells, and improved cardiac function. Innate immune mediators known to increase myocarditis are decreased by innate PEV treatment including Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and complement. PEV also significantly reduces perivascular fibrosis and remodeling including interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-beta 1, matrix metalloproteinase, collagen genes, and mast cell degranulation. PEV given at days 7-9 after infection reduces myocarditis and improves cardiac function. MicroRNA (miR) sequencing reveals that PEV contains miRs that decrease viral replication, TLR4 signaling, and T-cell activation. These data show that EVs from the platelets of healthy individuals can significantly reduce myocarditis and improve cardiac function.

microRNA-651-5p affects the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells by regulating Calmodulin 2 expression

OBJECTIVE

Lung cancer is prevalent worldwide and a leading contributor to tumor death. This research intends to explore the molecular mechanism of the microRNA-651-5p (miR-651-5p)/Calmodulin 2 (CALM2) axis in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells.

METHODS

Lung cancer tissues and para-cancerous tissues were collected. The expression levels of miR-651-5p and CALM2 in lung cancer tissues and cells were tested, and the connection between miR-651-5p expression and clinicopathological characteristics of lung cancer patients was further analyzed. The binding sites between miR-651-5p and CALM2 were analyzed and validated. Lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were examined.

RESULTS

miR-651-5p was lowly expressed in lung cancer tissues and cells. miR-651-5p expression had no correlation with patients' age and gender but had a correlation with patients' tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of miR-651-5p repressed proliferative, migratory, and invasive behaviors of lung cancer cells. miR-651-5p targeted and negatively regulated CALM2 expression, and CALM2 reversed the inhibiting effects of miR-651-5p on lung cancer cell malignant behaviors, including proliferation, migration, and invasion.

CONCLUSION

This study expounds that miR-651-5p affects the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells by regulating CALM2 expression.

The Mutual Relationship between Glycosylation and Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer and Other Physio-Pathological Conditions

Glycosylation, which consists of the enzymatic addition of sugars to proteins and lipids, is one of the most important post-co-synthetic modifications of these molecules, profoundly affecting their activity. Although the presence of carbohydrate chains is crucial for fine-tuning the interactions between cells and molecules, glycosylation is an intrinsically stochastic process regulated by the relative abundance of biosynthetic (glycosyltransferases) and catabolic (glycosidases) enzymes, as well as sugar carriers and other molecules. Non-coding RNAs, which include microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circRNAs, establish a complex network of reciprocally interacting molecules whose final goal is the regulation of mRNA expression. Likewise, these interactions are stochastically regulated by ncRNA abundance. Thus, while protein sequence is deterministically dictated by the DNA/RNA/protein axis, protein abundance and activity are regulated by two stochastic processes acting, respectively, before and after the biosynthesis of the protein axis. Consequently, the worlds of glycosylation and ncRNA are closely interconnected and mutually interacting. In this paper, we will extensively review the many faces of the ncRNA-glycosylation interplay in cancer and other physio-pathological conditions.