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Callum JL, Yeh CH, Petrosoniak A, McVey MJ, Cope S, Thompson T, Chin V, Karkouti K, Nathens AB, Murto K, Beno S, Pendergrast J, McDonald A, MacDonald R, Adhikari NKJ, Alam A, Arnold D, Barratt L, Beckett A, Brenneman S, Chaudhry HR, Collins A, Harvey M, Lampron J, Margarido C, McFarlan A, Nascimento B, Owens W, Pai M, Rizoli S, Ruijs T, Skeate R, Skelton T, Sholzberg M, Syer K, Viveiros JL, Theriault J, Tinmouth A, Van Heest R, White S, Zeller M, Pavenski K. A regional massive hemorrhage protocol developed through a modified Delphi technique. CMAJ Open 2019; 7:E546-E561. [PMID: 31484650 PMCID: PMC6726467 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20190042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A massive hemorrhage protocol (MHP) enables rapid delivery of blood components in a patient who is exsanguinating pending definitive hemorrhage control, but there is variability in MHP implementation rates, content and compliance owing to challenges presented by infrequent activation, variable team performance and patient acuity. The goal of this project was to identify the key evidence-based principles and quality indicators required to develop a standardized regional MHP. METHODS A modified Delphi consensus technique was performed in the spring and summer of 2018. Panellists used survey links to independently review and rate (on a 7-point Likert scale) 43 statements and 8 quality indicators drafted by a steering committee composed of transfusion medicine specialists and technologists, and trauma physicians. External stakeholder input from all hospitals in Ontario was sought. RESULTS Three rounds were held with 36 experts from diverse clinical backgrounds. Consensus was reached for 42 statements and 8 quality indicators. Additional modifications from external stakeholders were incorporated to form the foundation for the proposed MHP. INTERPRETATION This MHP template will provide the basis for the design of an MHP toolkit, including specific recommendations for pediatric and obstetrical patients, and for hospitals with limited availability of blood components or means to achieve definitive hemorrhage control. We believe that harmonization of MHPs in our region will simplify training, increase uptake of evidence-based interventions, enhance communication, improve patient comfort and safety, and, ultimately, improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie L Callum
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont.
| | - Calvin H Yeh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Andrew Petrosoniak
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Mark J McVey
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Stephanie Cope
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Troy Thompson
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Victoria Chin
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Keyvan Karkouti
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Avery B Nathens
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Kimmo Murto
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Suzanne Beno
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Jacob Pendergrast
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Andrew McDonald
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Russell MacDonald
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Neill K J Adhikari
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Asim Alam
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Donald Arnold
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Lee Barratt
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Andrew Beckett
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Sue Brenneman
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Hina Razzaq Chaudhry
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Allison Collins
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Margaret Harvey
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Jacinthe Lampron
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Clarita Margarido
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Amanda McFarlan
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Barto Nascimento
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Wendy Owens
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Menaka Pai
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Theodora Ruijs
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Robert Skeate
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Teresa Skelton
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Michelle Sholzberg
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Kelly Syer
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Jami-Lynn Viveiros
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Josee Theriault
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Alan Tinmouth
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Rardi Van Heest
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Susan White
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Michelle Zeller
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
| | - Katerina Pavenski
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics (Callum, Chin, Viveiros), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento), Emergency Services (McDonald), Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari) and Anesthesia (Margarido), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (Callum, Pendergrast, Skeate, Pavenski), Anesthesia (McVey, Karkouti, Alam, Margarido), Surgery (Nathens, Nascimento, Rizoli) and Paediatrics (Beno), University of Toronto; Division of Emergency Medicine (Yeh, Petrosoniak, McDonald, MacDonald), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Departments of Emergency Medicine (Petrosoniak), Surgery (Rizoli) and Laboratory Medicine (Sholzberg, Pavenski), St. Michael's Hospital; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (McVey, Skelton), The Hospital for Sick Children; Ontario Regional Blood Coordinating Network (Cope, Thompson, Collins, Owens); Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management (Karkouti), Sinai Health System, University Health Network, and Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (Murto), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Paediatric Emergency Medicine (Beno), The Hospital for Sick Children; Department of Clinical Pathology (Pendergrast), University Health Network, Toronto, Ont.; Ornge Transport Medicine (McDonald, MacDonald), Mississauga, Ont.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine (Adhikari), University of Toronto; Department of Anesthesia (Alam, Arnold), North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; McMaster Centre for Transfusion Research (Arnold, Pai, Zeller); Departments of Medicine (Pai, Zeller) and Pathology and Molecular Medicine (Pai), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Arnold, Skeate, White); St. Michael's Hospital (Barratt, Chaudhry, Harvey), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Surgery (Beckett), McGill University, Montréal, Que.; Canadian Forces Health Services (Beckett), Ottawa, Ont.; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre (Brenneman), Toronto, Ont.; General Surgery, Acute Care and Trauma (Lampron), The Ottawa Hospital; Departments of Surgery (Lampron), Medicine (Tinmouth) and Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Tinmouth), Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.; Trauma Program and Quality Assurance (McFarlan), St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ont.; Departments of Pathology (Ruijs) and Surgery (Van Heest), William Osler Health Centre, Brampton, Ont.; Lakeridge Health Corporation (Syer), Oshawa, Ont.; Department of Critical Care (Theriault), Health Sciences North, Sudbury, Ont.; Division of Hematology (Tinmouth), The Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa Centre for Transfusion Research (Tinmouth), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont.; Canadian Blood Services (Zeller), Ancaster, Ont
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