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Liu Y, Zhao C, Zhang R, Pang Y, Li L, Feng S. Progression of mesenchymal stem cell regulation on imbalanced microenvironment after spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:343. [PMID: 39354635 PMCID: PMC11446099 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in significant neural damage and inhibition of axonal regeneration due to an imbalanced microenvironment. Extensive evidence supports the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation as a therapeutic approach for SCI. This review aims to present an overview of MSC regulation on the imbalanced microenvironment following SCI, specifically focusing on inflammation, neurotrophy and axonal regeneration. The application, limitations and future prospects of MSC transplantation are discussed as well. Generally, a comprehensive perspective is provided for the clinical translation of MSC transplantation for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Center for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yilin Pang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Linquan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Center for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Athiel Y, Jouannic JM, Mauffré V, Dehan C, Adam C, Blot S, Lallemant P, De Saint Denis T, Larghero J, Nasone J, Guilbaud L. Allogenic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells improve motor function in prenatal surgical repair of myelomeningocele: An ovine model study. BJOG 2024; 131:759-767. [PMID: 37492999 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of an adjuvant allogenic umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell (UC-MSC) patch applied during fetal surgery on motor and sphincter function in the ovine MMC model. DESIGN MMC defects were surgically created at 75 days of gestation and repaired 14 days later. POPULATION Ovine MMC model: fetal lambs. METHODS We compared lambs that received a UC-MSC patch with a control group of lambs that received an acellular patch. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical neurological assessment was performed at 2 and 24 hours of life and included determination of the Sheep Locomotor Rating scale (SLR), which has been validated in the ovine MMC model. Electrophysical examinations, spine scans and histological analyses were also performed. RESULTS Of the 13 operated lambs, nine were born alive: five had of these had received a UC-MSC patch and four an acellular patch. At 24 hours of life, lambs in the UC-MSC group had a significantly higher score (14 versus 5, P = 0.04). Amyotrophy was significantly more common in the control group (75% versus 0%, P = 0.02). All the lambs in the control group and none of those in the UC-MSC group were incontinent. No significant differences were observed between the UC-MSC and control groups in terms of the presence of spontaneous EMG activity, nerve conduction or spinal evoked potentials. In the microscopic examination, lambs in the UC-MSC group had less fibrosis between the spinal cord and the dermis (mean thickness, 453 versus 3921 μm, P = 0.03) and around the spinal cord (mean thickness, 47 versus 158 μm, P < 0.001). Examination of the spinal cord in the area of the MMC defect showed a higher large neuron density in the UC-MSC group (14.5 versus 5.6 neurons/mm2, P < 0.001). No tumours were observed. CONCLUSIONS Fetal repair of MMC using UC-MSC patches improves motor and sphincter function as well as spinal preservation and reduction of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Athiel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U976 et Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapies CIC-BT CBT501, INSERM, Paris, France
- Service de médecine fœtale, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, DMU ORIGYNE, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Jouannic
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U976 et Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapies CIC-BT CBT501, INSERM, Paris, France
- Service de médecine fœtale, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, DMU ORIGYNE, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Working Group Spina Bifida and Other Dysraphisms, European Reference Network ITHACA, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mauffré
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maison-Alfort, France
| | - Coralie Dehan
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maison-Alfort, France
| | - Clovis Adam
- Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Stéphane Blot
- U955-IMRB, Inserm, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de Neurologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pauline Lallemant
- National Reference Center for Rare Disease: Vertebral and Spinal Cord Anomalies (MAVEM Center), AP-HP, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Timothé De Saint Denis
- Service de Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence Chiari, Syringomyélie et Malformations du Rachis et de la Moelle C-MAVEM, et Centre de Référence des Malformations Craniofaciales-CRMR, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U976 et Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapies CIC-BT CBT501, INSERM, Paris, France
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Centre MEARY de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Justine Nasone
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U976 et Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapies CIC-BT CBT501, INSERM, Paris, France
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire et Centre MEARY de Thérapie Cellulaire et Génique, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Guilbaud
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, U976 et Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapies CIC-BT CBT501, INSERM, Paris, France
- Service de médecine fœtale, APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, DMU ORIGYNE, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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Guo Y, Gao B, Sun S, Li J, Lv X, Yin H, Sun Z, Cai S. Research hotspots and trend analysis of cell transplantation in traumatic spinal cord injury: a bibliometric and visualized analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1326583. [PMID: 38161703 PMCID: PMC10755575 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1326583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: A traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) can lead to severe nerve damage and disability. Cell transplantation therapy has shown great potential in the reconstruction of damaged spinal cords and promoting functional recovery. However, there is a lack of frontiers and futures analysis in the study of cell transplantation in TSCI. Methods: We used CiteSpace, VOSviewer and biblilometrix R package to perform bibliometric analysis on cell transplantation in TSCI from 2013 to 2023. Bibliometric records were extracted from English articles and reviews from the Web of Science core collection. Results: The bibliometric analysis included 284 papers published in 154 journals by 1,780 authors from 487 institutions in 41 countries and regions. The number of articles published in the past decade has fluctuated slightly, while the number of article citations has steadily increased. Mainland China and the United States are the leading countries and regions in this field, with the National Natural Science Foundation of China being the most funded foundation, and the United States being the country with the most funded articles. The University of Toronto in Canada is a prolific institution. Michael G. Fehlings has published the most articles, and D Michele Basso is the most cited author. Cell transplantation is the most published journal, and the Journal of Neurotrauma is the most cited journal. Cell and tissue engineering and clinical neurology are the basic disciplines in this field, and cutting-edge disciplines include developmental biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, and materials science and multidisciplinary. This study also helps scholars understand the current hotspots and future trends in this field. Marrow stromal cells, glial progenitor, and cell therapy are current research hotspots in this field, while nerve regeneration, cell therapy, and the safety of transplantation of transplantation may be potential research directions in the future. Conclusion: Cell transplantation after TSCI is receiving increasing attention. Cell therapy is both the frontier and a possible future trend in TSCI research. In addition, glial progenitor and marrow stromal cells are also current research hotspots. Meanwhile, nerve regeneration and safety of transplantation may be potential research directions. These findings will help further deepen research on cell transplantation for TSCI in scientific work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuai Guo
- Department of TCM, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Gao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianuo Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolin Lv
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongna Yin
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongren Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Cai
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Slovinska L, Harvanova D. The Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Products in the Treatment of Injured Spinal Cords. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5180-5197. [PMID: 37367078 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive condition that results in lasting neurological damage resulting in disruption of the connection between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. Currently, there are several approaches in the treatment of a damaged spinal cord; however, none of the methods allow the patient to return to the original full-featured state of life before the injury. Cell transplantation therapies show great potential in the treatment of damaged spinal cords. The most examined type of cells used in SCI research are mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). These cells are at the center of interest of scientists because of their unique properties. MSCs regenerate the injured tissue in two ways: (i) they are able to differentiate into some types of cells and so can replace the cells of injured tissue and (ii) they regenerate tissue through their powerful known paracrine effect. This review presents information about SCI and the treatments usually used, aiming at cell therapy using MSCs and their products, among which active biomolecules and extracellular vesicles predominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Slovinska
- Associated Tissue Bank, P.J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy, Institute of Neurobiology Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Harvanova
- Associated Tissue Bank, P.J. Šafárik University and L. Pasteur University Hospital, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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Amelioration of White Matter Injury Through Mitigating Ferroptosis Following Hepcidin Treatment After Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3365-3378. [PMID: 36853431 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) usually introduces permanent or long-lasting neurological impairments. Maintaining the integrity of the limited number of white matter bundles (5-10%) preserves wholly or partially locomotor following SCI. Considering that the basic structure of white matter bundles is axon wrapped by oligodendrocytes, promoting oligodendrocytes survival might be a feasible strategy for reducing white matter injury (WMI) after SCI. Oligodendrocytes are rich in unsaturated fatty acid and susceptible to ferroptosis-induced damage. Hence, exploring method to reduce ferroptosis is supposed to expedite oligodendrocytes survival, thereafter mitigating WMI to facilitate functional recovery post-SCI. Here, the results indicated the administration of hepcidin reduced iron accumulation to promote oligodendrocytes survival and to decrease spinal cord atrophy, therefore facilitating functional recovery. Then, the WMI was evidently decreased owing to attenuating ferroptosis. Subsequently, the results revealed that the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and transferrin receptor (TfR) was expressed in CC1+ cells. The expression level of DMT1 and TfR was significantly increased, while this phenomenon was obviously neutralized with the administration of hepcidin in the epicenter of spinal cord after SCI. Afterward, the application of hepcidin downregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) overload, which was evidently increased with the treatment of 20 μM FeCl3, therefore increasing cell viability and reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity through downregulating the expression of DMT1 and TfR to inhibit ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The present study provides evidence that the application of hepcidin facilitates oligodendrocytes survival to alleviate WMI via reducing the expression of DMT1 and TfR.
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Xiao X, Li W, Xu Z, Sun Z, Ye H, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Xie L, Jiang D, Jia R, Wang X. Extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced spinal cord injury neuronal apoptosis by mediating miR-29b-3p/PTEN. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:634-649. [PMID: 35603476 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2060826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the molecular mechanism of whether hUC-MSCs-EVs repressed PTEN expression and activated the PI3K/AKT pathway through miR-29b-3p, thus inhibiting LPS-induced neuronal injury. METHODS hUC-MSCs were cultured and then identified. Cell morphology was observed. Alizarin red, oil red O, and alcian blue staining were used for inducing osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis. EVs were extracted from hUC-MSCs and identified by transmission electron microscope observation and Western blot. SCI neuron model was established by 24h lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction. After the cells were cultured with EVs without any treatment, uptake of EVs by SCI neurons, miR-29b-3p expression, cell viability, apoptosis, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, caspase 9, Bcl-2, PTEN, PI3K, AKT, and p-Akt protein levels, caspase 3 and caspase 9 activities, and inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1β levels were detected by immunofluorescence labeling, RT-qPCR, MTT, flow cytometry, Western blot, caspase 3 and caspase 9 activity detection kits, and ELISA. The binding sites between PTEN and miR-29b-3p were predicted by the database and verified by dual-luciferase assay. RESULTS LPS-induced SCI cell model was successfully established, and hUC-MSCs-EVs inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis of injured spinal cord neurons. EVs transferred miR-29b-3p into LPS-induced injured neurons. miR-29b-3p silencing reversed EV effects on reducing LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis. miR-29b-3p reduced LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis by targeting PTEN. After EVs-miR-inhi and si-PTEN treatment, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway reversed hUC-MSCs-EVs effects on reducing LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis. CONCLUSION hUC-MSCs-EVs activated the PI3K/AKT pathway by carrying miR-29b-3p into SCI neurons and silencing PTEN, thus reducing neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhenchao Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongru Ye
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yunqi Wu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yilu Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liqiong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dingyu Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Runze Jia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiyang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Xiangya Hospital of Central-South University, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-materials, Changsha City, Hunan Province, China
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Kang J, Guo Y. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes Promote Neurological Function Recovery in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1532-1540. [PMID: 35132478 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to personal and social-economic consequences with limited therapeutic options. Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) have been explored as a promising alternative to cell therapies. In the current study, we explored the mechanism of hUC-MSC derived exosome's ameliorative effect on the spinal cord injury by combining data from in vivo contusion SCI model and in vitro cell viability of PC12 cell line stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Intravenous administration of hUC-MSC derived exosomes dramatically improved motor function of Sprague-Dawley rats after SCI, with reduced apoptosis demonstrated by increased expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), decreased BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (Bax), and reduced cleaved caspase 9. Conversely, exosome treatment reduced the transcription levels of astrocytes marker GFAP and microglia marker IBA1, suggesting a reduced inflammatory state from SCI injury. Furthermore, exosome treatment in vitro increased the cell viability of PC12 cells. Exosome application activated the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling in the spinal cord. Our study demonstrated that hUC-MSC derived exosomes could improve motor function through anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects. BCL2/Bax and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways were involved in the SCI process and could potentially mediate the protective effect of hUC-MSC derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, No. 67 Dongchang West Road, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, China.
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Sosnovtseva AO, Stepanova OV, Stepanenko AA, Voronova AD, Chadin AV, Valikhov MP, Chekhonin VP. Recombinant Adenoviruses for Delivery of Therapeutics Following Spinal Cord Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:777628. [PMID: 35082666 PMCID: PMC8784517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.777628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regeneration of nerve tissue after spinal cord injury is a complex and poorly understood process. Medication and surgery are not very effective treatments for patients with spinal cord injuries. Gene therapy is a popular approach for the treatment of such patients. The delivery of therapeutic genes is carried out in a variety of ways, such as direct injection of therapeutic vectors at the site of injury, retrograde delivery of vectors, and ex vivo therapy using various cells. Recombinant adenoviruses are often used as vectors for gene transfer. This review discusses the advantages, limitations and prospects of adenovectors in spinal cord injury therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia O Sosnovtseva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Stepanova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei A Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia D Voronova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V Chadin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat P Valikhov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurohumoral and Immunological Research, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Zhu X, Wang Z, Sun YE, Liu Y, Wu Z, Ma B, Cheng L. Neuroprotective Effects of Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Different Donors on Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:768711. [PMID: 35087378 PMCID: PMC8787356 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.768711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is caused by an external force, leading to severe dysfunction of the limbs below the injured segment. The inflammatory response plays a vital role in the prognosis of SCI. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) transplantation can promote repair of SCI by reducing the inflammatory response. We previously showed that hUCMSCs from 32 donors had different inhibitory abilities on BV2 cell proliferation. In this study, three experimental groups were established, and the mice were injected with different lines of hUCMSCs. Hind limb motor function, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry, Western blot (WB), qualitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and RNA sequencing and correlation analysis were used to investigate the effects of hUCMSC transplantation on SCI mice and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that the therapeutic effects of the three hUCMSC lines were positively correlated with their inhibitory abilities of BV2 cell proliferation rates in vitro. The MSC_A line had a better therapeutic effect on improving the hind limb motor function and greater effect on reducing the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) and increasing the expression of neuronal nuclei (NeuN). Differentially expressed genes including Zbtb16, Per3, and Hif3a were probably the key genes involved in the protective mechanism by MSC_A after nerve injury. qRT-PCR results further verified that Zbtb16, Per3, and Hif3a expressions reduced by SCI could be reversed by MSC_A application. These results suggest that the effect of hUCMSCs transplantation on acute SCI depends on their inhibitory abilities to inflammation reaction after nerve injury, which may help to shape future use of hUCMSCs combined with improving the effectiveness of clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Eve Sun
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhourui Wu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Bei Ma,
| | - Liming Cheng
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration, Tongji University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Liming Cheng,
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Kim GU, Sung SE, Kang KK, Choi JH, Lee S, Sung M, Yang SY, Kim SK, Kim YI, Lim JH, Seo MS, Lee GW. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413672. [PMID: 34948463 PMCID: PMC8703906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening condition that leads to permanent disability with partial or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. SCI is usually caused by initial mechanical insult, followed by a cascade of several neuroinflammation and structural changes. For ameliorating the neuroinflammatory cascades, MSC has been regarded as a therapeutic agent. The animal SCI research has demonstrated that MSC can be a valuable therapeutic agent with several growth factors and cytokines that may induce anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. However, the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in animal SCI models is inconsistent, and the optimal method of MSCs remains debatable. Moreover, there are several limitations to developing these therapeutic agents for humans. Therefore, identifying novel agents for regenerative medicine is necessary. Extracellular vesicles are a novel source for regenerative medicine; they possess nucleic acids, functional proteins, and bioactive lipids and perform various functions, including damaged tissue repair, immune response regulation, and reduction of inflammation. MSC-derived exosomes have advantages over MSCs, including small dimensions, low immunogenicity, and no need for additional procedures for culture expansion or delivery. Certain studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, exhibit outstanding chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we reviewed the principles and patho-mechanisms and summarized the research outcomes of MSCs and MSC-derived EVs for SCI, reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Un Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanil General Hospital, 308 Uicheon-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01450, Korea;
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Sijoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Minkyoung Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Efficacy Evaluation Team, Food Science R&D Center, KolmarBNH CO., LTD, 61Heolleungro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06800, Korea;
| | | | - Ju-Hyeon Lim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk 28160, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (G.W.L.); Tel.: +82-53-7905727 (M.S.S.); +82-53-6203642 (G.W.L.)
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Cellexobio, Co. Ltd., Daegu 42415, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (G.W.L.); Tel.: +82-53-7905727 (M.S.S.); +82-53-6203642 (G.W.L.)
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11
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In utero treatment of myelomeningocele with allogenic umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in an ovine model. Curr Res Transl Med 2021; 70:103314. [PMID: 34731725 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2021.103314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of ovine umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) seeded in a fibrin patch as an adjuvant therapy for fetal myelomeningocele repair in the ovine model. MATERIALS AND METHODS MMC defects were surgically created at 75 days of gestation and repaired 15 days later with UC-MSCs patch or an acellular patch. At birth, motor function, tail movements, and voiding abilities were recorded. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis included study of MMC defect's healing, spinal cord, UC-MSCs survival, and screening for tumors. RESULTS Six lambs were born alive in each group. There was no difference between the two groups on the median sheep locomotor rating score but all lambs in the control group had a score between lower than 3 compared to 50% in UC-MSCs group. There were more lambs with tail movements and voiding ability in UC-MSCs group (83% vs 0% and 50% vs 0%, respectively). gray matter area and large neurons density were higher in UC-MSCs group (2.5 vs 0.8 mm2 and 19.3 vs 1.6 neurons/mm2 of gray matter, respectively). Fibrosis thickness at the myelomeningocele scar level was reduced in UC-MSCs group (1269 µm vs 2624 µm). No tumors were observed. CONCLUSION Fetal repair of myelomeningocele using allogenic UC-MSCs patch provides a moderate improvement in neurological functions, gray matter and neuronal preservation and prevented from fibrosis development at the myelomeningocele scar level.
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Ferrostatin-1 Alleviates White Matter Injury Via Decreasing Ferroptosis Following Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:161-176. [PMID: 34635980 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI), a devastating neurological impairment, usually imposes a long-term psychological stress and high socioeconomic burden for the sufferers and their family. Recent researchers have paid arousing attention to white matter injury and the underlying mechanism following SCI. Ferroptosis has been revealed to be associated with diverse diseases including stroke, cancer, and kidney degeneration. Ferrostatin-1, a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis, has been illustrated to curb ferroptosis in neurons, subsequently improving functional recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and SCI. However, the role of ferroptosis in white matter injury and the therapeutic effect of ferrostatin-1 on SCI are still unknown. Here, our results indicated that ferroptosis played a pivotal role in the secondary white matter injury, and ferrostatin-1 could reduce iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and downregulate the ferroptosis-related genes and its products of IREB2 and PTGS2 to further inhibit ferroptosis in oligodendrocyte, finally reducing white matter injury and promoting functional recovery following SCI in rats. Meanwhile, the results demonstrated that ferrostatin-1 held the potential of inhibiting the activation of reactive astrocyte and microglia. Mechanically, the present study deciphers the potential mechanism of white matter damage, which enlarges the therapeutic effects of ferrostatin-1 on SCI and even in other central nervous system (CNS) diseases existing ferroptosis.
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13
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Zhao N, Gao YF, Bao L, Lei J, An HX, Pu FX, Cheng RP, Chen J, Ni H, Sui BD, Ji FP, Hu CH. Glycemic control by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes effects of fasting-mimicking diet on type 2 diabetic mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:395. [PMID: 34256832 PMCID: PMC8278637 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a big hurdle to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). Fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) has been shown to be an effective intervention in dyslipidemia of T2D. However, fasting may impair the normal glucose metabolism. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantation has been discovered to regulate immune reactions and reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes. However, the effect of UC-MSCs on improving the lipid metabolism disorder is not quite satisfactory. We have investigated the efficacy comparison and interaction between FMD and UC-MSC infusion, aiming to establish effective T2D therapies and explore its mechanism. METHODS C57/BL6 mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model. Leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice were used for follow-up experiments. DIO or db/db mice were divided into 4 groups: phosphate buffer saline (PBS), UC-MSCs, FMD, and UC-MSCs + FMD. At the end of the study period, mice were fasted and sacrificed, with the measurement of physiological and biochemical indexes. In addition, the fresh liver, skin, and white adipose tissue were analyzed by histology. RESULTS FMD restored the lipid metabolism in DIO mice, whereas its capacity to rescue hyperglycemia was uncertain. Infusion of UC-MSCs was effective in T2D glycemic control but the impact on dyslipidemia was insufficient. Furthermore, both the glucose and the lipid alterations of DIO and db/db mice recovered after UC-MSCs combined with FMD. It was proved that UC-MSCs promoted FMD effects on ameliorating hyperglycemia and restoring the lipid metabolism in T2D mice, while FMD had little promotion effect on UC-MSCs. Mechanistically, we discovered that UC-MSC infusion significantly modulated systematic inflammatory microenvironment, which contributed to concerted actions with FMD. CONCLUSIONS We established a strategy that combined UC-MSC infusion and FMD and was effective in treating T2D, which provided potential approaches for developing novel clinical T2D therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Feng Gao
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Xiao An
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xing Pu
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ping Cheng
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ni
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan-Pu Ji
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in direct and indirect damage to neural tissues, which results in motor and sensory dysfunction, dystonia, and pathological reflex that ultimately lead to paraplegia or tetraplegia. A loss of cells, axon regeneration failure, and time-sensitive pathophysiology make tissue repair difficult. Despite various medical developments, there are currently no effective regenerative treatments. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for SCI due to its multiple targets and reactivity benefits. The present review focuses on SCI stem cell therapy, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and extracellular vesicles. Each cell type targets certain features of SCI pathology and shows therapeutic effects via cell replacement, nutritional support, scaffolds, and immunomodulation mechanisms. However, many preclinical studies and a growing number of clinical trials found that single-cell treatments had only limited benefits for SCI. SCI damage is multifaceted, and there is a growing consensus that a combined treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Chenying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, 34753West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Quan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Center, 34753West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
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15
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Chen H, Wang Y, Tu W, Wang H, Yin H, Sha H, Li Y. Effects of photobiomodulation combined with MSCs transplantation on the repair of spinal cord injury in rat. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:921-930. [PMID: 32583437 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation has shown promising regenerative effects against neural injury, and photobiomodulation (PBM) can aid tissue recovery. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and laser alone or combined on spinal cord injury (SCI). The animals were divided into SCI, hUCMSCs, laser treatment (LASER) and combination treatment (hUCMSCs + LASER) groups. Cell-enriched grafts of hUCMSCs (1 × 106 cells/ml) were injected at the site of antecedent trauma in SCI model rats. A 2 cm2 damaged area was irradiated with 630 nm laser at 100 mW/cm2 power for 20 min. Locomotion was evaluated using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores, and neurofilament repair were monitored by histological staining and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). First, after SCI, the motor function of each group was restored with different degrees, the combination treatment significantly increased the BBB scores compared to either monotherapy. In addition, Nissl bodies were more numerous, and the nerve fibers were longer and thicker in the combination treatment group. Consistent with this, the in situ expression of NF-200 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the damaged area was the highest in the combination treatment group. Finally, DTI showed that the combination therapy optimally improved neurofilament structure and arrangement. These results may show that the combination of PBM and hUCMSCs transplantation is a feasible strategy for reducing secondary damage and promoting functional recovery following SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China.,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjun Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tiangong University, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huijuan Yin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Sha
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxin Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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16
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Reyhani S, Abbaspanah B, Mousavi SH. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in neurodegenerative disorders: from literature to clinical practice. Regen Med 2020; 15:1561-1578. [PMID: 32479211 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2019-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have provided a promising tool for cell therapy. Umbilical cord (UC) is one of the best sources of MSCs since its collection is noninvasive, and effortless, and the cells from this source are more capable and prolific. It has been proven that the differentiation, migration and protective properties of UC-MSCs are superior compared with other kinds of stem cells. Moreover, incurable neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and Huntington, encourage scientists to apply UC-MSCs transplantation in order to find a definite treatment. This review will focus on the preclinical and clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Reyhani
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-44361, Iran
| | - Bahareh Abbaspanah
- Royan Stem Cell Technology Company, Cord Blood Bank, Tehran 14177-44361, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14177-44361, Iran
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17
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Sun DZ, Abelson B, Babbar P, Damaser MS. Harnessing the mesenchymal stem cell secretome for regenerative urology. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 16:363-375. [PMID: 30923338 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extensive arsenal of bioactive molecules secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known as the secretome, has demonstrated considerable therapeutic benefit in regenerative medicine. Investigation into the therapeutic potential of the secretome has enabled researchers to replicate the anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and trophic effects of stem cells without the need for the cells themselves. Furthermore, treatment with the MSC secretome could circumvent hurdles associated with cellular therapy, including oncogenic transformation, immunoreactivity and cost. Thus, a clear rationale exists for investigating the therapeutic potential of the MSC secretome in regenerative urology. Indeed, preclinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic benefits of the MSC secretome in models of stress urinary incontinence, renal disease, bladder dysfunction and erectile dysfunction. However, the specific mechanisms underpinning therapeutic activity are unclear and require further research before clinical translation. Improvements in current proteomic methods used to characterize the secretome will be necessary to provide further insight into stem cells and their secretome in regenerative urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Z Sun
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Benjamin Abelson
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paurush Babbar
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Margot S Damaser
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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18
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Deng WS, Ma K, Liang B, Liu XY, Xu HY, Zhang J, Shi HY, Sun HT, Chen XY, Zhang S. Collagen scaffold combined with human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for acute complete spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1686-1700. [PMID: 32209773 PMCID: PMC7437585 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.276340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective strategy to promote functional recovery after a spinal cord injury. Collagen scaffolds can not only provide support and guidance for axonal regeneration, but can also serve as a bridge for nerve regeneration at the injury site. They can additionally be used as carriers to retain mesenchymal stem cells at the injury site to enhance their effectiveness. Hence, we hypothesized that transplanting human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on collagen scaffolds would enhance healing following acute complete spinal cord injury. Here, we test this hypothesis through animal studies and a phase I clinical trial. (1) Animal experiments: Models of completely transected spinal cord injury were established in rats and canines by microsurgery. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from neonatal umbilical cord tissue were adsorbed onto collagen scaffolds and surgically implanted at the injury site in rats and canines; the animals were observed after 1 week–6 months. The transplantation resulted in increased motor scores, enhanced amplitude and shortened latency of the motor evoked potential, and reduced injury area as measured by magnetic resonance imaging. (2) Phase I clinical trial: Forty patients with acute complete cervical injuries were enrolled at the Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force and divided into two groups. The treatment group (n = 20) received collagen scaffolds loaded with mesenchymal stem cells derived from neonatal umbilical cord tissues; the control group (n = 20) did not receive the stem-cell loaded collagen implant. All patients were followed for 12 months. In the treatment group, the American Spinal Injury Association scores and activities of daily life scores were increased, bowel and urinary functions were recovered, and residual urine volume was reduced compared with the pre-treatment baseline. Furthermore, magnetic resonance imaging showed that new nerve fiber connections were formed, and diffusion tensor imaging showed that electrophysiological activity was recovered after the treatment. No serious complication was observed during follow-up. In contrast, the neurological functions of the patients in the control group were not improved over the follow-up period. The above data preliminarily demonstrate that the transplantation of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells on a collagen scaffold can promote the recovery of neurological function after acute spinal cord injury. In the future, these results need to be confirmed in a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial with a larger sample size. The clinical trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force on February 3, 2016 (approval No. PJHEC-2016-A8). All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force on May 20, 2015 (approval No. PJHEC-2015-D5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Sheng Deng
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, characteristic medical center of Chinese people's armed police force, Tianjin, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, characteristic medical center of Chinese people's armed police force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Liu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui-You Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, characteristic medical center of Chinese people's armed police force, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, characteristic medical center of Chinese people's armed police force, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng-Yuan Shi
- Clinical School of Medicine, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, characteristic medical center of Chinese people's armed police force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu-Yi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, characteristic medical center of Chinese people's armed police force, Tianjin, China
| | - Sai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Pingjin Hospital Brain Center, characteristic medical center of Chinese people's armed police force, Tianjin, China
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19
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Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute respiratory failure caused by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite five decades of basic and clinical research, there is still no effective pharmacotherapy for this condition and the treatment remains primarily supportive. It is critical to study the molecular and physiologic mechanisms that cause ARDS to improve our understanding of this syndrome and reduce mortality. The goal of this review is to describe our current understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS. First, we will describe how pulmonary edema fluid accumulates in ARDS due to lung inflammation and increased alveolar endothelial and epithelial permeabilities. Next, we will review how pulmonary edema fluid is normally cleared in the uninjured lung, and describe how these pathways are disrupted in ARDS. Finally, we will explain how clinical trials and preclinical studies of novel therapeutic agents have further refined our understanding of this condition, highlighting, in particular, the study of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Huppert
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
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20
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Xu P, Yang X. The Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation for Spinal Cord Injury Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:36-46. [PMID: 30362373 PMCID: PMC6322141 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718808471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease, with a high rate of disability. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating clinical SCI patients. We systematically searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, Chinese Biomedical (CBM), Web of Science and Cochrane databases using the strategy of combination of free-text words and MeSH terms. The indicators of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale (AIS)-grading improvement rate and adverse effects were displayed with an overall relative risk (RR). For the continuous variables of the ASIA motor score, light-touch score, pinprick score, activities of daily living (ADL) score, and residual urine volume, we used odds ratio (OR) to analyze the data. Eleven studies comprising 499 patients meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. No serious heterogeneity or publication bias was observed across each study. The results showed that significant improvements of total AIS grade (RR: 3.70; P < 0.001), AIS grade A (RR: 3.57; P < 0.001), ASIA sensory score (OR: 8.63; P < 0.001) and reduction of residual urine volume (OR: -36.37; P = 0.03) were observed in experimental group compared with control group. However, no significant differences of motor score (OR: 1.37, P = 0.19) and ADL score (OR: 2.61, P = 0.27) were observed between experimental and control groups. In addition, there were no serious and permanent adverse effects after cell transplantation. Cell transplantation with MSCs is effective and safe in improving the sensory and bladder functions of SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xianliang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China
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21
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Huppert LA, Liu KD, Matthay MA. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of ARDS. Transfusion 2018; 59:869-875. [PMID: 30383290 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Huppert
- Department of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kathleen D Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Shaw KA, Parada SA, Gloystein DM, Devine JG. The Science and Clinical Applications of Placental Tissues in Spine Surgery. Global Spine J 2018; 8:629-637. [PMID: 30202718 PMCID: PMC6125928 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217747573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Narrative literature review. OBJECTIVES Placental tissue, amniotic/chorionic membrane, and umbilical cord have seen a recent expansion in their clinical application in various fields of surgery. It is important for practicing surgeons to know the underlying science, especially as it relates to spine surgery, to understand the rationale and clinical indication, if any, for their usage. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed and MEDLINE databases to identify studies reporting the application of placental tissues as it relates to the practicing spine surgeon. Four areas of interest were identified and a comprehensive review was performed of available literature. RESULTS Clinical application of placental tissue holds promise with regard to treatment of intervertebral disc pathology, preventing epidural fibrosis, spinal dysraphism closure, and spinal cord injury; however, there is an overall paucity of high-quality evidence. As such, evidence-based guidelines for its clinical application are currently unavailable. CONCLUSIONS There is no high-level clinical evidence to support the application of placental tissue for spinal surgery, although it does hold promise for several areas of interest for the practicing spine surgeon. High-quality research is needed to define the clinical effectiveness and indications of placental tissue as it relates to spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Aaron Shaw
- Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA, USA,K. Aaron Shaw, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, 300 East Hospital Road, Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA.
| | | | | | - John G. Devine
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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23
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The Effect of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Wharton's Jelly in Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Is Dose-Dependent and Can Be Facilitated by Repeated Application. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051503. [PMID: 29772841 PMCID: PMC5983761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs) were used for the treatment of the ischemic-compression model of spinal cord injury in rats. To assess the effectivity of the treatment, different dosages (0.5 or 1.5 million cells) and repeated applications were compared. Cells or saline were applied intrathecally by lumbar puncture for one week only, or in three consecutive weeks after injury. Rats were assessed for locomotor skills (BBB, rotarod, flat beam) for 9 weeks. Spinal cord tissue was morphometrically analyzed for axonal sprouting, sparing of gray and white matter and astrogliosis. Endogenous gene expression (Gfap, Casp3, Irf5, Cd86, Mrc1, Cd163) was studied with quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR). Significant recovery of functional outcome was observed in all of the treated groups except for the single application of the lowest number of cells. Histochemical analyses revealed a gradually increasing effect of grafted cells, resulting in a significant increase in the number of GAP43+ fibers, a higher amount of spared gray matter and reduced astrogliosis. mRNA expression of macrophage markers and apoptosis was downregulated after the repeated application of 1.5 million cells. We conclude that the effect of hWJ-MSCs on spinal cord regeneration is dose-dependent and potentiated by repeated application.
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Zhu H, Poon W, Liu Y, Leung GKK, Wong Y, Feng Y, Ng SCP, Tsang KS, Sun DTF, Yeung DK, Shen C, Niu F, Xu Z, Tan P, Tang S, Gao H, Cha Y, So KF, Fleischaker R, Sun D, Chen J, Lai J, Cheng W, Young W. Phase I-II Clinical Trial Assessing Safety and Efficacy of Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cell Transplant Therapy of Chronic Complete Spinal Cord Injury. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1925-1943. [PMID: 27075659 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood-derived mononuclear cell (UCB-MNC) transplants improve recovery in animal spinal cord injury (SCI) models. We transplanted UCB-MNCs into 28 patients with chronic complete SCI in Hong Kong (HK) and Kunming (KM). Stemcyte Inc. donated UCB-MNCs isolated from human leukocyte antigen (HLA ≥4:6)-matched UCB units. In HK, four patients received four 4-μl injections (1.6 million cells) into dorsal entry zones above and below the injury site, and another four received 8-μl injections (3.2 million cells). The eight patients were an average of 13 years after C5-T10 SCI. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging of five patients showed white matter gaps at the injury site before treatment. Two patients had fiber bundles growing across the injury site by 12 months, and the rest had narrower white matter gaps. Motor, walking index of SCI (WISCI), and spinal cord independence measure (SCIM) scores did not change. In KM, five groups of four patients received four 4-μl (1.6 million cells), 8-μl (3.2 million cells), 16-μl injections (6.4 million cells), 6.4 million cells plus 30 mg/kg methylprednisolone (MP), or 6.4 million cells plus MP and a 6-week course of oral lithium carbonate (750 mg/day). KM patients averaged 7 years after C3-T11 SCI and received 3-6 months of intensive locomotor training. Before surgery, only two patients walked 10 m with assistance and did not need assistance for bladder or bowel management before surgery. The rest could not walk or do their bladder and bowel management without assistance. At about a year (41-87 weeks), WISCI and SCIM scores improved: 15/20 patients walked 10 m ( p = 0.001) and 12/20 did not need assistance for bladder management ( p = 0.001) or bowel management ( p = 0.002). Five patients converted from complete to incomplete (two sensory, three motor; p = 0.038) SCI. We conclude that UCB-MNC transplants and locomotor training improved WISCI and SCIM scores. We propose further clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Waisang Poon
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | | | - Yatwa Wong
- Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Feng
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Stephanie C P Ng
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kam Sze Tsang
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - David T F Sun
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - David K Yeung
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Caihong Shen
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Niu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Zhexi Xu
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Tan
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Shaofeng Tang
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Hongkun Gao
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China.,Kunming Tongren Hospital, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Yun Cha
- Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, and Medical Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | | | - Dongming Sun
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John Chen
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jan Lai
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wendy Cheng
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wise Young
- China Spinal Cord Injury Network, Hong Kong Science Technology Park, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China.,W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Tan JW, Zhang F, Liu HJ, Li Z. Hyperbaric oxygen ameliorated the lesion scope and nerve function in acute spinal cord injury patients: A retrospective study. Clin Biochem 2017; 53:1-7. [PMID: 29217422 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a retrospective study to assess the therapeutic effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in early treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electrophysiology in diagnosing. METHODS Forty acute SCI patients from Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital who were assigned into HBO treatment were included during August 2013 to October 2014.The patients with adverse reactions or contraindications for HBO were assigned as controls. Both of two groups (HBO and Control) received medicine treatment with Urbason, GM-1 and mecobalamine after surgery. ASIA and the Frankel scores were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HBO at the 15th and 30th day after HBO treatment by using MRI and electrophysiology features. RESULTS Significant therapeutic effect of HBO treatment on acute SCI patients was observed compared with the control group (P<0.05). Comparison for ASIA and Frankel scores showed that motor and neurological functions were significantly improved in HBO group at day 15 and day 30 post treatment. MRI images showed that the grade III injury in HBO group was significant lower than the control group. In comparison with the control, the peak of somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude increased, the latency was shortened, and the conduction velocity of sensory nerve (SCV) and motor nerve (MCV) was significantly increased in the HBO group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS HBO treatment has a great efficacy in acute SCI patients. HBO therapy at early stage of acute SCI is beneficiary to the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Wen Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, XinHua College, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - He-Jun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, XinHua College, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Science, China.
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A combination of GDNF and hUCMSC transplantation loaded on SF/AGs composite scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 74:230-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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27
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Pires AO, Teixeira FG, Mendes-Pinheiro B, Serra SC, Sousa N, Salgado AJ. Old and new challenges in Parkinson's disease therapeutics. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 156:69-89. [PMID: 28457671 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and/or loss od neuronal projections, in several dopaminergic networks. Current treatments for idiopathic PD rely mainly on the use of pharmacologic agents to improve motor symptomatology of PD patients. Nevertheless, so far PD remains an incurable disease. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to establish new therapeutic strategies for PD treatment. Over the last 20 years, several molecular, gene and cell/stem-cell therapeutic approaches have been developed with the aim of counteracting or retarding PD progression. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of PD related therapies and major breakthroughs achieved within this field. In order to do so, this review will start by focusing on PD characterization and current treatment options covering thereafter molecular, gene and cell/stem cell-based therapies that are currently being studied in animal models of PD or have recently been tested in clinical trials. Among stem cell-based therapies, those using MSCs as possible disease modifying agents for PD therapy and, specifically, the MSCs secretome contribution to meet the clinical challenge of counteracting or retarding PD progression, will be more deeply explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana O Pires
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - F G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - B Mendes-Pinheiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Sofia C Serra
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Transplantation of hUC-MSCs seeded collagen scaffolds reduces scar formation and promotes functional recovery in canines with chronic spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43559. [PMID: 28262732 PMCID: PMC5337930 DOI: 10.1038/srep43559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to locomotor deficits, and the repair of chronic SCI is considered one of the most challenging clinical problems. Although extensive studies have evaluated treatments for acute SCI in small animals, comparatively fewer studies have been conducted on large-animal SCI in the chronic phase, which is more clinically relevant. Here, we used a collagen-based biomaterial, named the NeuroRegen scaffold, loaded with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) in a canine chronic SCI model. To generate chronic SCI, the T8 spinal cord segment was removed by complete transection of the spinal cord. Two months later, glial scar tissue was removed and a NeuroRegen scaffold was transplanted into the lesion area. Functionalized NeuroRegen scaffold implantation promoted both locomotor recovery and endogenous neurogenesis in the lesion area. Moreover, some newly generated neurons successfully matured into 5-HT-positive neurons at 1 year post-injury. In addition, many regenerated axon fibers in the lesion area exhibited remyelination and synapse formation at 1 year post-injury in the functionalized NeuroRegen scaffold group. In conclusion, the NeuroRegen scaffold functionalized with hUC-MSCs is a promising potential therapeutic approach to chronic SCI that promotes neuronal regeneration, reduces glial scar formation, and ultimately improves locomotor recovery.
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Blaško J, Szekiova E, Slovinska L, Kafka J, Cizkova D. Axonal outgrowth stimulation after alginate/mesenchymal stem cell therapy in injured rat spinal cord. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2017. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2017-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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30
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Hsuan YCY, Lin CH, Chang CP, Lin MT. Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for stroke, neural trauma, and heat stroke. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00526. [PMID: 27781140 PMCID: PMC5064338 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been reported to improve neurological function following neural injury. Many physiological and molecular mechanisms involving MSC therapy-related neuroprotection have been identified. METHODS A review is presented of articles that pertain to MSC therapy and diverse brain injuries including stroke, neural trauma, and heat stroke, which were identified using an electronic search (e.g., PubMed), emphasize mechanisms of MSC therapy-related neuroprotection. We aim to discuss neuroprotective mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of MSCs in treating stroke, neural trauma, and heatstroke. RESULTS MSC therapy is promising as a means of augmenting brain repair. Cell incorporation into the injured tissue is not a prerequisite for the beneficial effects exerted by MSCs. Paracrine signaling is believed to be the most important mediator of MSC therapy in brain injury. The multiple mechanisms of action of MSCs include enhanced angiogenesis and neurogenesis, immunomodulation, and anti-inflammatory effects. Microglia are the first source of the inflammatory cascade during brain injury. Cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6, are significantly produced by microglia in the brain after experimental brain injury. The proinflammatory M1 phenotype of microglia is associated with tissue destruction, whereas the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype of microglia facilitates repair and regeneration. MSC therapy may improve outcomes of ischemic stroke, neural trauma, and heatstroke by inhibiting the activity of M1 phenotype of microglia but augmenting the activity of M2 phenotype of microglia. CONCLUSION This review offers a testable platform for targeting microglial-mediated cytokines in clinical trials based upon the rational design of MSC therapy in the future. MSCs that are derived from the placenta provide a great choice for stem cell therapy. Although targeting the microglial activation is an important approach to reduce the burden of the injury, it is not the only one. This review focuses on this specific aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan
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GAPDH/Siah1 cascade is involved in traumatic spinal cord injury and could be attenuated by sivelestat sodium. Neuroscience 2016; 330:171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhou HL, Zhang XJ, Zhang MY, Yan ZJ, Xu ZM, Xu RX. Transplantation of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Functional Recovery in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2708-2718. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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33
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Zhilai Z, Biling M, Sujun Q, Chao D, Benchao S, Shuai H, Shun Y, Hui Z. Preconditioning in lowered oxygen enhances the therapeutic potential of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2016; 1642:426-435. [PMID: 27085204 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have recently been shown to hold great therapeutic potential for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the number of engrafted cells has been shown to decrease dramatically post-transplantation. Physioxia is known to enhance the paracrine properties and immune modulation of stem cells, a notion that has been applied in many clinical settings. We therefore hypothesized that preconditioning of UCMSCs in physioxic environment would enhance the regenerative properties of these cells in the treatment of rat SCI. UCMSCs were pretreated with either atmospheric normoxia (21% O2, N-UCMSC) or physioxia (5% O2, P-UCMSC). The MSCs were characterized using flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, 10(5) N-UCMSC or P-UCMSC were injected into the injured spinal cord immediately after SCI, and locomotor function as well as cellular, molecular and pathological changes were compared between the groups. We found that N-UCMSC and P-UCMSC displayed similar surface protein expression. P-UCMSC grew faster, while physioxia up-regulated the expression of trophic and growth factors, including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), in UCMSCs. Compared to N-UCMSC, treatment with P-UCMSC was associated with marked changes in the SCI environment, with a significant increase in axonal preservation and a decrease in the number of caspase-3+ cells and ED-1+ macrophages. These changes were accompanied by improved functional recovery. Thus, the present study indicated that preculturing UCMSCs under 5% lowered oxygen physioxic conditions prior to transplantation improves their therapeutic potential for the treatment of SCI in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhilai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye road, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Biling
- Department of Cardiology, Liwan Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Qiu Sujun
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye road, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Chao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye road, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Benchao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye road, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huang Shuai
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye road, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Shun
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye road, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Hui
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye road, 510282 Guangzhou, China.
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Wang H, Wang X, Qu J, Yue Q, Hu Y, Zhang H. VEGF Enhances the Migration of MSCs in Neural Differentiation by Regulating Focal Adhesion Turnover. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2728-42. [PMID: 25820249 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold great promise in neural regeneration, due to their intrinsic neuronal potential and migratory tropism to damaged nervous tissues. However, the chemotactic signals mediating the migration of MSCs remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the regulatory roles for focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Rac1 in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated migration of MSCs in neural differentiation. We found that MSCs in various differentiation states show significant different chemotactic responses to VEGF and cells in 24-h preinduction state possess the highest migration speed and efficiency. FAK, as the downstream signaling molecule, is involved in the VEGF-induced migration by regulating the assembly and distribution of focal adhesions (FAs) and reorganization of F-actin. The features of FAs and cytoskeletons and the ability of lamellipodia formation are closely related to the neural differentiation states of MSCs. VEGF promotes FA formation with an asymmetric distribution of FAs and induces the activation of Y397-FAK and Y31/118-paxillin of undifferentiated and 24-h preinduced MSCs in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of FAK by PF-228 or expressing FAK-Y397F mutant impairs the dynamics of FAs in MSCs during VEGF-induced migration. Furthermore, Rac1 regulates FA formation in a FAK-dependent manner. Overexpression of constitutive activated mutants of Rac1 increases the number of FAs in undifferentiated and 24-h preinduced MSCs, while VEGF-induced increase of FA formation is decreased by inhibiting FAK by PF-228. Collectively, these results demonstrate that FAK and Rac1 signalings coordinately regulate the dynamics of FAs during VEGF-induced migration of MSCs in varying neural differentiation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xingkai Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ya'nan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Tate CC, Chou VP, Campos C, Moalem AS, Di Monte DA, McGrogan M, Case CC, Manning-Bog AB. Mesenchymal stromal SB623 cell implantation mitigates nigrostriatal dopaminergic damage in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1835-1843. [PMID: 26440859 DOI: 10.1002/term.2081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine for the treatment of motor features in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a promising therapeutic option. Donor cells can simultaneously address multiple pathological mechanisms while responding to the needs of the host tissue. Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) promote recovery using various animal models of PD. SanBio Inc. has developed a novel cell type designated SB623, which are adult bone marrow-derived MSCs transfected with Notch intracellular domain. In this preclinical study, SB623 cells protected against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced nigrostriatal injury when transplanted unilaterally into C57BL/6 mouse striatum 3 days prior to toxin exposure. Specifically, mice with the SB623 cell transplants revealed significantly higher levels of striatal dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and stereological nigral cell counts in the ipsilateral hemisphere vs vehicle-treated mice following MPTP administration. Interestingly, improvement in markers of striatal dopaminergic integrity was also noted in the contralateral hemisphere. These data indicate that MSCs transplantation, specifically SB623 cells, may represent a novel therapeutic option to ameliorate damage related to PD, not only at the level of striatal terminals (i.e. the site of implantation) but also at the level of the nigral cell body. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian P Chou
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Carla Campos
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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Li T, Xia M, Gao Y, Chen Y, Xu Y. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: an overview of their potential in cell-based therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1293-306. [PMID: 26067213 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1051528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUC-MSCs) are one of the typical adult stem cells; they have superiorities including low immunogenicity, non-invasive harvest procedure, easy expansion in vitro, and ethical access compared with stem cells from other sources. Therefore, HUC-MSCs are a promising candidate for cell-based therapy. AREAS COVERED Here we reviewed the development of stem cell-based therapy, the manufacturing and banking process of HUC-MSCs, the emerging clinical studies in the field of cancer, central nervous system diseases, liver diseases and graft-versus-host disease, the potential therapeutic mechanisms, as well as challenges of HUC-MSCs in clinical translation. EXPERT OPINION HUC-MSCs seem to be an optimal choice for stem cell-based therapy. However, before the cells translate from basic to clinical research, some problems still remain to be solved: i) building regulatory guidelines as well as an efficient and safe manufacturing procedure; ii) establishing donor's genetic testing and long-term closely monitoring system; iii) conducting further clinical trials to determine the optimum and standard dosage, time, route, frequency and many other technical issues of HUC-MSCs transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Department of Neurology , 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210008 , China +86 25 6818 2212 ; +86 25 8310 5208 ; ;
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Chu W, Yuan J, Huang L, Xiang X, Zhu H, Chen F, Chen Y, Lin J, Feng H. Valproic Acid Arrests Proliferation but Promotes Neuronal Differentiation of Adult Spinal NSPCs from SCI Rats. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1472-86. [PMID: 26023063 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the adult spinal cord contains a population of multipotent neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs) exhibiting the potential to replace neurons, endogenous neurogenesis is very limited after spinal cord injury (SCI) because the activated NSPCs primarily differentiate into astrocytes rather than neurons. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, exerts multiple pharmacological effects including fate regulation of stem cells. In this study, we cultured adult spinal NSPCs from chronic compressive SCI rats and treated with VPA. In spite of inhibiting the proliferation and arresting in the G0/G1 phase of NSPCs, VPA markedly promoted neuronal differentiation (β-tubulin III(+) cells) as well as decreased astrocytic differentiation (GFAP(+) cells). Cell cycle regulator p21(Cip/WAF1) and proneural genes Ngn2 and NeuroD1 were increased in the two processes respectively. In vivo, to minimize the possible inhibitory effects of VPA to the proliferation of NSPCs as well as avoid other neuroprotections of VPA in acute phase of SCI, we carried out a delayed intraperitoneal injection of VPA (150 mg/kg/12 h) to SCI rats from day 15 to day 22 after injury. Both of the newborn neuron marker doublecortin and the mature neuron marker neuron-specific nuclear protein were significantly enhanced after VPA treatment in the epicenter and adjacent segments of the injured spinal cord. Although the impaired corticospinal tracks had not significantly improved, Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores in VPA treatment group were better than control. Our study provide the first evidence that administration of VPA enhances the neurogenic potential of NSPCs after SCI and reveal the therapeutic value of delayed treatment of VPA to SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No. 29, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China,
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Johnstone SA, Liley M, Dalby MJ, Barnett SC. Comparison of human olfactory and skeletal MSCs using osteogenic nanotopography to demonstrate bone-specific bioactivity of the surfaces. Acta Biomater 2015; 13:266-76. [PMID: 25463488 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently we identified a novel population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human olfactory mucosa (OM-MSCs), a tissue which promotes neurogenesis throughout life, and demonstrated that they promoted CNS myelination to a greater extent than bone marrow-derived (BM)-MSCs. Previous data demonstrated that nanotopographies with a degree of disorder induce BM-MSC osteogenic differentiation. Thus, using biomaterials as non-chemical tools, we investigated if MSCs from a completely different cellular niche could be induced to differentiate similarly to nanoscale cues alone. Both MSCs differentiated into bone when cultured on nanotopographically embossed polycaprolactone (PCL) with a disordered pattern and heights but not on a "smooth" non-embossed PCL control substrate, but OM-MSC changes were at lower expression levels. Both MSCs showed similar increases in differentiation markers at the protein and mRNA level when plated on the two patterned surfaces. Thus, topographical cues from substrates with disordered patterns can up-regulate several MSC resident genes in both BM-MSCs and OM-MSCs. Moreover, antibody purified BM-MSCs had similar properties to non-purified BM-MSCs. These data suggest that MSCs from a neural cellular niche express similar bone-induced cues to BM-MSCs, suggesting that MSCs that inherently support nervous tissue can differentiate along the bone lineage in a similar manner to MSCs from a skeletal environment.
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Schroeder J, Kueper J, Leon K, Liebergall M. Stem cells for spine surgery. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:186-194. [PMID: 25621119 PMCID: PMC4300930 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, stem cells have become the focus of research by regenerative medicine professionals and tissue engineers. Embryonic stem cells, although capable of differentiating into cell lineages of all three germ layers, are limited in their utilization due to ethical issues. In contrast, the autologous harvest and subsequent transplantation of adult stem cells from bone marrow, adipose tissue or blood have been experimentally utilized in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases ranging from myocardial infarction to Alzheimer’s disease. The physiologic consequences of stem cell transplantation and its impact on functional recovery have been studied in countless animal models and select clinical trials. Unfortunately, the bench to bedside translation of this research has been slow. Nonetheless, stem cell therapy has received the attention of spinal surgeons due to its potential benefits in the treatment of neural damage, muscle trauma, disk degeneration and its potential contribution to bone fusion.
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Abstract
Three theories of regeneration dominate neuroscience today, all purporting to explain why the adult central nervous system (CNS) cannot regenerate. One theory proposes that Nogo, a molecule expressed by myelin, prevents axonal growth. The second theory emphasizes the role of glial scars. The third theory proposes that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) prevent axon growth. Blockade of Nogo, CSPG, and their receptors indeed can stop axon growth in vitro and improve functional recovery in animal spinal cord injury (SCI) models. These therapies also increase sprouting of surviving axons and plasticity. However, many investigators have reported regenerating spinal tracts without eliminating Nogo, glial scar, or CSPG. For example, many motor and sensory axons grow spontaneously in contused spinal cords, crossing gliotic tissue and white matter surrounding the injury site. Sensory axons grow long distances in injured dorsal columns after peripheral nerve lesions. Cell transplants and treatments that increase cAMP and neurotrophins stimulate motor and sensory axons to cross glial scars and to grow long distances in white matter. Genetic studies deleting all members of the Nogo family and even the Nogo receptor do not always improve regeneration in mice. A recent study reported that suppressing the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene promotes prolific corticospinal tract regeneration. These findings cannot be explained by the current theories proposing that Nogo and glial scars prevent regeneration. Spinal axons clearly can and will grow through glial scars and Nogo-expressing tissue under some circumstances. The observation that deleting PTEN allows corticospinal tract regeneration indicates that the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway regulates axonal growth. Finally, many other factors stimulate spinal axonal growth, including conditioning lesions, cAMP, glycogen synthetase kinase inhibition, and neurotrophins. To explain these disparate regenerative phenomena, I propose that the spinal cord has evolved regenerative mechanisms that are normally suppressed by multiple extrinsic and intrinsic factors but can be activated by injury, mediated by the PTEN/AKT/mTOR, cAMP, and GSK3b pathways, to stimulate neural growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wise Young
- W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Abstract
Stem cell-based interventions aim to use special regenerative cells (stem cells) to facilitate neuronal function beyond the site of the injury. Many studies involving animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) suggest that certain stem cell-based therapies may restore function after SCI. Currently, in case of spinal cord injuries, new discoveries with clinical implications have been continuously made in basic stem cell research, and stem cell-based approaches are advancing rapidly toward application in patients. There is a huge base of preclinical evidence in vitro and in animal models which suggests the safety and clinical efficacy of cellular therapies after SCI. Despite this, data from clinical studies is not very encouraging and at times confounding. Here, we have attempted to cover preclinical and clinical evidence base dealing with safety, feasibility and efficacy of cell based interventions after SCI. The limitations of preclinical data and the reasons underlying its failure to translate in a clinical setting are also discussed. Based on the evidence base, it is suggested that a multifactorial approach is required to address this situation. Need for standardized, stringently designed multi-centric clinical trials for obtaining validated proof of evidence is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder Singh Chhabra
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Harvinder Singh Chhabra, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Sector C, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi - 110 070, India. E-mail:
| | - Kanchan Sarda
- Spine Service, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
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Xia P, Pan S, Cheng J, Yang M, Qi Z, Hou T, Yang X. Factors affecting directional migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to the injured spinal cord. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1688-95. [PMID: 25374590 PMCID: PMC4211189 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.141804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1B plays an important role in axon guidance and neuronal migration. In the present study, we sought to discover the mechanisms underlying microtubule-associated protein 1B mediation of axon guidance and neuronal migration. We exposed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to okadaic acid or N-acetyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (an inhibitor and stimulator, respectively, of protein phosphatase 2A) for 24 hours. The expression of the phosphorylated form of type I microtubule-associated protein 1B in the cells was greater after exposure to okadaic acid and lower after N-acetyl-D-erythro-sphingosine. We then injected the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the ear vein into rabbit models of spinal cord contusion. The migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards the injured spinal cord was poorer in cells exposed to okadaic acid- and N-acetyl-D-erythro-sphingosine than in non-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, we blocked phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways in rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using the inhibitors LY294002 and U0126, respectively. LY294002 resulted in an elevated expression of phosphorylated type I microtubule-associated protein 1B, whereas U0126 caused a reduction in expression. The present data indicate that PI3K and ERK1/2 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells modulate the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 1B via a cross-signaling network, and affect the migratory efficiency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Su Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jieping Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Maoguang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhiping Qi
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Orthopedics Hospital, Second Hosptal, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Walter J, Ware LB, Matthay MA. Mesenchymal stem cells: mechanisms of potential therapeutic benefit in ARDS and sepsis. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:1016-26. [PMID: 25465643 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) have shown promising therapeutic effects in preclinical models of both acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and sepsis. Although initial research focused on the ability of MSCs to engraft at sites of tissue injury, increasing evidence suggests that MSCs have their therapeutic effects through mechanisms unrelated to long-term incorporation into host tissue. One of the most compelling of these pathways is the ability of MSCs to interact with injured tissue through the release of soluble bioactive factors. This Review provides an overview of the general properties of MSCs, and then outlines ways in which the paracrine effects of MSCs might reduce lung injury and enhance lung repair in ARDS and sepsis. Finally, we summarise ongoing challenges in MSC research and identify areas in which the discipline might progress in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Walter
- Departments of Medicine and Anaesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lorraine B Ware
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anaesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Cheng H, Liu X, Hua R, Dai G, Wang X, Gao J, An Y. Clinical observation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treatment for sequelae of thoracolumbar spinal cord injury. J Transl Med 2014; 12:253. [PMID: 25209445 PMCID: PMC4172930 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have a considerable advantage and potential in treating for central nervous system diseases and have become a novel alternative treatment for spinal cord injury. This study aims to compare the neurological function outcome of stem cell transplantation, rehabilitation therapy, and self-healing for sequelae of spinal cord injury. Methods Thirty-four cases of thoracolumbar spinal cord injury were randomly divided into three groups: the stem cell transplantation group was given CT-guided UCMSC transplantation twice; the rehabilitation group received rehabilitation therapy; and the blank control group did not receive any specific treatment. AIS grading, ASIA scoring, the manual muscle strength and muscle tension scale, and the Barthel index were used to evaluate the clinical outcome. Urodynamic examination was also performed for patients in the UCMSC group and the rehabilitation therapy group. Results Seven of the ten patients in the UCMSC group had significant and stable improvement in movement, self-care ability, and muscular tension; five of the forteen patients (36%) in the rehabilitation group also had certain improvement in these aspects. Urodynamic examination demonstrated that patients in the UCMSC group exhibited an increase in maximum urinary flow rate and maximum bladder capacity, as well as a decrease in residue urine volume and maximum detrusor pressure. The rehabilitation group exhibited decreased maximum bladder capacity, but no perceptible change in maximum urinary flow rate, residue urine volume or maximum detrusor pressure. Conclusions UCMSC transplantation can effectively improve neurological functional recovery after spinal cord injury, and its efficacy is superior to that of rehabilitation therapy and self-healing. Trial registration The present clinical study was registered at chictr.org (registration number: NCT01393977).
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Li Z, Qin H, Feng Z, Liu W, Zhou Y, Yang L, Zhao W, Li Y. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane for the repair of radial nerve injury. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:3441-8. [PMID: 25206667 PMCID: PMC4146003 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.36.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we loaded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells onto human amniotic membrane with epithelial cells to prepare nerve conduits, i.e., a relatively closed nerve regeneration chamber. After neurolysis, the injured radial nerve was enwrapped with the prepared nerve conduit, which was fixed to the epineurium by sutures, with the cell on the inner surface of the conduit. Simultaneously, a 1.0 mL aliquot of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell suspension was injected into the distal and proximal ends of the injured radial nerve with 1.0 cm intervals. A total of 1.75 × 107 cells were seeded on the amniotic membrane. In the control group, patients received only neurolysis. At 12 weeks after cell transplantation, more than 80% of patients exhibited obvious improvements in muscular strength, and touch and pain sensations. In contrast, these improvements were observed only in 55–65% of control patients. At 8 and 12 weeks, muscular electrophysiological function in the region dominated by the injured radial nerve was significantly better in the transplantation group than the control group. After cell transplantation, no immunological rejections were observed. These findings suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-loaded amniotic membrane can be used for the repair of radial nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hanjiao Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Clinical Hospital of Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zishan Feng
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Youjun Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Norman Bethune University of Medical Science, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
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Multiple injections of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells through the tail vein improve microcirculation and the microenvironment in a rat model of radiation myelopathy. J Transl Med 2014; 12:246. [PMID: 25196350 PMCID: PMC4174271 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, no effective clinical treatment is available for the late effects of radiation myelopathy. The aim of the present study was to assess the therapeutic effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) in a rat model of radiation myelopathy. Methods An irradiated cervical spinal cord rat model was generated. UC-MSCs were injected through the tail vein at 90, 97, 104 and 111 days post-irradiation. Behavioral tests were performed using the forelimb paralysis scoring system, and histological damage was examined using Nissl staining. The microcirculation in the spinal cord was assessed using von Willebrand factor (vWF) immunohistochemical analysis and laser-Doppler flowmetry. The microenvironment in the spinal cord was determined by measuring the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum and the anti-inflammatory cytokines brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the spinal cord. Results Multiple injections of UC-MSCs through the tail veil decreased the forelimb paralysis, decreased spinal cord histological damage, increased the number of neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, increased the endothelial cell density and the microvessel density in the white matter and gray matter of the spinal cord, increased the relative magnitude of spinal cord blood flow, down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the serum, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in the spinal cord. Conclusion Multiple injections of UC-MSCs via the tail vein in a rat model of radiation myelopathy significantly improved the microcirculation and microenvironment through therapeutic paracrine effects.
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Mortazavi MM, Harmon OA, Adeeb N, Deep A, Tubbs RS. Treatment of spinal cord injury: a review of engineering using neural and mesenchymal stem cells. Clin Anat 2014; 28:37-44. [PMID: 25156268 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over time, various treatment modalities for spinal cord injury have been trialed, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods. Among these, replacement of the injured neural and paraneural tissues via cellular transplantation of neural and mesenchymal stem cells has been the most attractive. Extensive experimental studies have been done to identify the safety and effectiveness of this transplantation in animal and human models. Herein, we review the literature for studies conducted, with a focus on the human-related studies, recruitment, isolation, and transplantation, of these multipotent stem cells, and associated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Mortazavi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Neural Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Influences Their Chemotactic Responses to Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:1047-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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The Secretome of Bone Marrow and Wharton Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Differentiation and Neurite Outgrowth in SH-SY5Y Cells. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:438352. [PMID: 25132857 PMCID: PMC4124228 DOI: 10.1155/2014/438352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine and compare the effects of the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human bone-marrow (BMSCs) and the Wharton jelly surrounding the vein and arteries of the umbilical cord (human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs)) on the survival and differentiation of a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y). For this purpose, SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with conditioned media (CM) from the MSCs populations referred above. Retinoic acid cultured cells were used as control for neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells viability assessment revealed that the secretome of BMSCs and HUCPVCs, in the form of CM, was able to induce their survival. Moreover, immunocytochemical experiments showed that CM from both MSCs was capable of inducing neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. Finally, neurite lengths assessment and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that CM from BMSCs and HUCPVCs differently induced neurite outgrowth and mRNA levels of neuronal markers exhibited by SH-SY5Y cells. Overall, our results show that the secretome of both BMSCs and HUCPVCs was capable of supporting SH-SY5Y cells survival and promoting their differentiation towards a neuronal phenotype.
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Adami R, Scesa G, Bottai D. Stem cell transplantation in neurological diseases: improving effectiveness in animal models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:17. [PMID: 25364724 PMCID: PMC4206985 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases afflict a growing proportion of the human population. There are two reasons for this: first, the average age of the population (especially in the industrialized world) is increasing, and second, the diagnostic tools to detect these pathologies are now more sophisticated and can be used on a higher percentage of the population. In many cases, neurological disease has a pharmacological treatment which, as in the case of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Epilepsy, and Multiple Sclerosis can reduce the symptoms and slow down the course of the disease but cannot reverse its effects or heal the patient. In the last two decades the transplantation approach, by means of stem cells of different origin, has been suggested for the treatment of neurological diseases. The choice of slightly different animal models and the differences in methods of stem cell preparation make it difficult to compare the results of transplantation experiments. Moreover, the translation of these results into clinical trials with human subjects is difficult and has so far met with little success. This review seeks to discuss the reasons for these difficulties by considering the differences between human and animal cells (including isolation, handling and transplantation) and between the human disease model and the animal disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Adami
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scesa
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Bottai
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan Milan, Italy
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