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Crassini K, Shen Y, Stevenson WS, Christopherson R, Ward C, Mulligan SP, Best OG. MEK1/2 inhibition by binimetinib is effective as a single agent and potentiates the actions of Venetoclax and ABT-737 under conditions that mimic the chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) tumour microenvironment. Br J Haematol 2018; 182:360-372. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Crassini
- Northern Blood Research Centre; Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; St Leonards Sydney Australia
| | - Yandong Shen
- Northern Blood Research Centre; Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; St Leonards Sydney Australia
- School of Molecular Biosciences; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - William S. Stevenson
- Northern Blood Research Centre; Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; St Leonards Sydney Australia
| | | | - Chris Ward
- Northern Blood Research Centre; Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; St Leonards Sydney Australia
| | - Stephen P. Mulligan
- Northern Blood Research Centre; Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; St Leonards Sydney Australia
- CLL Australian Research Consortium (CLLARC); Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards; Sydney Australia
- School of Molecular Biosciences; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - O. Giles Best
- Northern Blood Research Centre; Kolling Institute of Medical Research; Royal North Shore Hospital; St Leonards Sydney Australia
- CLL Australian Research Consortium (CLLARC); Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards; Sydney Australia
- School of Molecular Biosciences; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
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2
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Zucha MA, Wu ATH, Lee WH, Wang LS, Lin WW, Yuan CC, Yeh CT. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor ibrutinib suppresses stem-like traits in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13255-68. [PMID: 26036311 PMCID: PMC4537012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to a Prognoscan database, upregulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is associated with low overall survival in ovarian cancer patients. We found that spheroids-forming ovarian cancer cell, which highly expressed cancer stem-like cell (CSC) markers and Btk, were cisplatin resistant. We next treated CSCs and non-CSCs by a combination of ibrutinib and cisplatin. We found that chemoresistance was dependent on Btk and JAK2/STAT3, which maintained CSC by inducing Sox-2 and prosurvival genes. We suggest that addition of ibrutinib to cisplatin may improve treatment outcome in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ary Zucha
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gadjah Mada University-Sardjito Central Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Translational Research Laboratory, Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Shun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Chung Yuan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Metadherin contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia partially through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Med Oncol 2015; 32:479. [PMID: 25575438 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Metadherin (MTDH) is involved in aberrant proliferation, migration, and chemoresistance of tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that it can promote tumor growth by modulation multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. However, MTDH expression, significance, and related mechanism in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of MTDH in CLL and the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in MTDH effects. Overexpression of MTDH mRNAs was seen in CLL samples. MTDH expression was associated with Rai stage classification of CLL, and altered levels of β2-MG and lactate dehydrogenase in serum samples from patients. Overexpression of MTDH protein was seen in 87 % of CLL samples. Specific siRNAs inhibited MEC-1 cell growth and enhanced cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). Inhibition of MTDH expression resulted in decreased expression levels of lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1), and its downstream target genes c-myc and cyclin D1. And there was a strong correlation between MTDH and LEF-1 protein expression in 14 patients with CLL. The results demonstrate that MTDH is specifically expressed in B cell of CLL and exert a preservative role through activation of Wnt signaling pathway. Our findings indicated that MTDH may be a potential therapeutic target of CLL.
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Liao W, Jordaan G, Coriaty N, Sharma S. Amplification of B cell receptor-Erk signaling by Rasgrf-1 overexpression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2907-16. [PMID: 24597981 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.898759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rasgrf-1 is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) that catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP. In a RNA microarray analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) specimens (n = 5), this gene was found to be overexpressed in CLL as compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) CD19 + B cells (n = 3). CLL specimens (n = 29) expressed Rasgrf-1 RNA at levels 5-300-fold higher as compared to normal B cells. CLL specimens expressed a 75 kDa isoform that was smaller than the expected full-length protein (140 kDa) and the truncated variant had higher GEF activity. Knockdown of Rasgrf-1 in CLL specimens inhibited active GTP-bound Ras and the Ras/Erk/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Rasgrf-1 was phosphorylated and activated by B cell receptor (BCR) signaling that increased its GEF function, and this phosphorylation was blocked by Src and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors. Rasgrf-1 is a novel GEF protein that has a role in BCR signaling and its overexpression further activates the Ras/Erk/MAPK pathway in CLL specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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5
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Bhatt V, Alejandro L, Michael A, Ganetsky A. The promising impact of ibrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for the management of lymphoid malignancies. Pharmacotherapy 2013; 34:303-14. [PMID: 24338680 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid malignancies comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders originating from clonal proliferation of B or T lymphocytes. Treatment of lymphoid neoplasms has traditionally been pursued with cytotoxic chemotherapy. To improve efficacy and ameliorate the adverse effects associated with classic chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy has been developed. At the forefront of clinical development is ibrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). Btk is a protein tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in regulating B-cell signaling. Dysregulated Btk results in uncontrolled B-lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Ibrutinib is currently being studied in numerous malignancies of lymphoid origin including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Thus far, ibrutinib has demonstrated very promising results in treatment-naive patients as well as those with relapsed or refractory disease with an acceptable safety profile. In this article, we describe the pharmacology, efficacy, and toxicity profile of ibrutinib and depict the potential role that ibrutinib will play in the treatment paradigm of lymphoid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valkal Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Murray F, Insel PA. Targeting cAMP in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a pathway-dependent approach for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:937-49. [PMID: 23647244 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.798304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic AMP (cAMP) promotes growth arrest and/or apoptosis of various types of lymphoma, in particular chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These responses have spurred the interest in developing agents that increase cAMP to treat such malignancies and to identify mechanisms of the responses. AREAS COVERED The murine T-lymphoma cell line S49, has provided an important, pioneering model to define mechanisms of cAMP-mediated lymphoid cell death. Studies with S49 cells demonstrated that cAMP, acting via protein kinase A (PKA), is pro-apoptotic through a mitochondria-dependent pathway and identified cAMP/PKA-regulated targets involved in apoptosis. Akin to such findings, cAMP promotes apoptosis via PKA of cells from patients with CLL. Analysis of mediators of cAMP accumulation and cAMP-promoted apoptosis in CLL cells has revealed approaches to increase cAMP and engage its pro-apoptotic action. EXPERT OPINION This 'pathway approach' targeted to cAMP has identified GPCR agonists/antagonists, AC activators (e.g., AC7), PDE inhibitors (e.g., PDE7B) and/or activators or inhibitors of downstream mediators (PKA and Epac, respectively), which might be utilized therapeutically in CLL. Therapy directed at such targets may prove to be clinically useful and may also provide a proof-of-principle of the utility of targeting cAMP signaling in other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Murray
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pharmacology, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Tzenaki N, Papakonstanti EA. p110δ PI3 kinase pathway: emerging roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:40. [PMID: 23459844 PMCID: PMC3585436 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IA PI3Ks consists of three isoforms of the p110 catalytic subunit designated p110α, p110β, and p110δ which are encoded by three separate genes. Gain-of-function mutations on PIK3CA gene encoding for p110α isoform have been detected in a wide variety of human cancers whereas no somatic mutations of genes encoding for p110β or p110δ have been reported. Unlike p110α and p110β which are ubiquitously expressed, p110δ is highly enriched in leukocytes and thus the p110δ PI3K pathway has attracted more attention for its involvement in immune disorders. However, findings have been accumulated showing that the p110δ PI3K plays a seminal role in the development and progression of some hematologic malignancies. A wealth of knowledge has come from studies showing the central role of p110δ PI3K in B-cell functions and B-cell malignancies. Further data have documented that wild-type p110δ becomes oncogenic when overexpressed in cell culture models and that p110δ is the predominant isoform expressed in some human solid tumor cells playing a prominent role in these cells. Genetic inactivation of p110δ in mice models and highly-selective inhibitors of p110δ have demonstrated an important role of this isoform in differentiation, growth, survival, motility, and morphology with the inositol phosphatase PTEN to play a critical role in p110δ signaling. In this review, we summarize our understanding of the p110δ PI3K signaling pathway in hematopoietic cells and malignancies, we highlight the evidence showing the oncogenic potential of p110δ in cells of non-hematopoietic origin and we discuss perspectives for potential novel roles of p110δ PI3K in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tzenaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete Heraklion, Greece
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8
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Zhang W, Feng L, Pelicano H, Huang P. [Resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in apoptosis: key role of stromal cells in maintaining the redox potential of CLL cells]. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:36-8. [PMID: 23351693 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013291012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/physiopathology
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Stromal Cells/physiology
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Pauls SD, Lafarge ST, Landego I, Zhang T, Marshall AJ. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathway in normal and malignant B cells: activation mechanisms, regulation and impact on cellular functions. Front Immunol 2012; 3:224. [PMID: 22908014 PMCID: PMC3414724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a central signal transduction axis controlling normal B cell homeostasis and activation in humoral immunity. The p110δ PI3K catalytic subunit has emerged as a critical mediator of multiple B cell functions. The activity of this pathway is regulated at multiple levels, with inositol phosphatases PTEN and SHIP both playing critical roles. When deregulated, the PI3K pathway can contribute to B cell malignancies and autoantibody production. This review summarizes current knowledge on key mechanisms that activate and regulate the PI3K pathway and influence normal B cell functional responses including the development of B cell subsets, antigen presentation, immunoglobulin isotype switch, germinal center responses, and maintenance of B cell anergy. We also discuss PI3K pathway alterations reported in select B cell malignancies and highlight studies indicating the functional significance of this pathway in malignant B cell survival and growth within tissue microenvironments. Finally, we comment on early clinical trial results, which support PI3K inhibition as a promising treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha D Pauls
- Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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10
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Putz EM, Prchal-Murphy M, Simma OA, Forster F, Koenig X, Stockinger H, Piekorz RP, Freissmuth M, Müller M, Sexl V, Zebedin-Brandl E. PI3Kδ is essential for tumor clearance mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40852. [PMID: 22808277 PMCID: PMC3396622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background PI3Kδ is a lipid kinase of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase class 1A family and involved in early signaling events of leukocytes regulating proliferation, differentiation and survival. Currently, several inhibitors of PI3Kδ are under investigation for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. In contrast to the beneficial effect of inhibiting PI3Kδ in tumor cells, several studies reported the requirement of PI3Kδ for the function of immune cells, such as natural killer and T helper cells. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are essential for tumor surveillance. The scope of this study is to clarify the potential impact of PI3Kδ inhibition on the function of CTLs with emphasis on tumor surveillance. Principal Findings PI3Kδ-deficient mice develop significantly bigger tumors when challenged with MC38 colon adenocarcinoma cells. This defect is accounted for by the fact that PI3Kδ controls the secretory perforin-granzyme pathway as well as the death-receptor pathway of CTL-mediated cytotoxicity, leading to severely diminished cytotoxicity against target cells in vitro and in vivo in the absence of PI3Kδ expression. PI3Kδ-deficient CTLs express low mRNA levels of important components of the cytotoxic machinery, e.g. prf1, grzmA, grzmB, fasl and trail. Accordingly, PI3Kδ-deficient tumor-infiltrating CTLs display a phenotype reminiscent of naïve T cells (CD69lowCD62Lhigh). In addition, electrophysiological capacitance measurements confirmed a fundamental degranulation defect of PI3Kδ−/− CTLs. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that CTL-mediated tumor surveillance is severely impaired in the absence of PI3Kδ and predict that impaired immunosurveillance may limit the effectiveness of PI3Kδ inhibitors in long-term treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Putz
- Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Martelli AM, Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Ognibene A, Bressanin D, Billi AM, Manzoli L, Cappellini A, McCubrey JA. Targeting the liver kinase B1/AMP-activated protein kinase pathway as a therapeutic strategy for hematological malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:729-42. [PMID: 22686561 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.694869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite considerable advances, several hematological malignancies remain incurable with standard treatments. Therefore, there is a need for novel targeted and less toxic therapies, particularly for patients who develop resistance to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs. The liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway has recently emerged as a tumor suppressor axis. A critical point is that the LKB1/AMPK network remains functional in a wide range of cancers and could be stimulated by drugs, such as N,N-dimethylimidodicarbonimidic diamide (metformin) or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR). AREAS COVERED The literature data show that drugs activating LKB1/AMPK signaling induced cell cycle arrest, caspase-dependent apoptosis or autophagy in hematopoietic tumors. Moreover, metformin effectively inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-controlled oncogenetic protein translation, which does not occur with allosteric mTORC1 inhibitors, such as rapamycin and its derivatives. Metformin was also capable of targeting leukemic stem cells, the most relevant target for leukemia eradication. EXPERT OPINION Data emerging from preclinical settings suggest that the LKB1/AMPK pathway is critically involved in regulating proliferation and survival of malignant hematopoietic cells. Thus, it is proposed that drugs activating the LKB1/AMPK axis may offer a novel and less toxic treatment option for some types of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto M Martelli
- University of Bologna, Human Anatomy, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
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Clifford R, Schuh A. State-of-the-Art Management of Patients Suffering from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2012; 6:165-78. [PMID: 22474408 PMCID: PMC3315290 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s6201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has evolved dramatically in the last decade. For the first time, clinical intervention has been shown to alter the natural history of the disease. Considerable efforts are focussing on better patient selection and response prediction, and it is expected that the publication of the first 200 CLL genomes will spark new insights into risk stratification of CLL patients. Besides, many new agents are being evaluated on their own and in combination therapy in early and late Phase clinical studies. Here, we provide a general clinical introduction into CLL including diagnosis and prognostic markers followed by a summary of the current state-of-the-art treatment. We point to areas of continued clinical research in particular for patients with co-morbidities and highlight the challenges in managing refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Clifford
- Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Churchill Site, Oxford, OX3 7JL, United Kingdom
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DeBerardinis RJ. Good neighbours in the tumour stroma reduce oxidative stress. Nat Cell Biol 2012; 14:235-6. [PMID: 22344034 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cells undergo oncogene-regulated metabolic reprogramming that maximizes survival and growth. However, little is known about metabolic interactions between tumour cells and their non-malignant neighbours in the stroma. Bone-marrow-derived stromal cells are now shown to provide cysteine, an essential nutrient that enables leukaemia cells to resist oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J DeBerardinis
- University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Children's Research Institute, Dallas, Texas 75390-8502, USA.
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