1
|
Stribbling SM, Beach C, Ryan AJ. Orthotopic and metastatic tumour models in preclinical cancer research. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108631. [PMID: 38467308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Mouse models of disease play a pivotal role at all stages of cancer drug development. Cell-line derived subcutaneous tumour models are predominant in early drug discovery, but there is growing recognition of the importance of the more complex orthotopic and metastatic tumour models for understanding both target biology in the correct tissue context, and the impact of the tumour microenvironment and the immune system in responses to treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the value that orthotopic and metastatic models bring to the study of tumour biology and drug development while pointing out those models that are most likely to be encountered in the literature. Important developments in orthotopic models, such as the increasing use of early passage patient material (PDXs, organoids) and humanised mouse models are discussed, as these approaches have the potential to increase the predictive value of preclinical studies, and ultimately improve the success rate of anticancer drugs in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Stribbling
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Callum Beach
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anderson J Ryan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, ORCRB, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Fast Biopharma, Aston Rowant, Oxfordshire, OX49 5SW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wagstaff W, Mwamba RN, Grullon K, Armstrong M, Zhao P, Hendren-Santiago B, Qin KH, Li AJ, Hu DA, Youssef A, Reid RR, Luu HH, Shen L, He TC, Haydon RC. Melanoma: Molecular genetics, metastasis, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and therapeutic resistance. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1608-1623. [PMID: 36157497 PMCID: PMC9485270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a common cancer and cases have steadily increased since the mid 70s. For some patients, early diagnosis and surgical removal of melanomas is lifesaving, while other patients typically turn to molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies as treatment options. Easy sampling of melanomas allows the scientific community to identify the most prevalent mutations that initiate melanoma such as the BRAF, NRAS, and TERT genes, some of which can be therapeutically targeted. Though initially effective, many tumors acquire resistance to the targeted therapies demonstrating the need to investigate compensatory pathways. Immunotherapies represent an alternative to molecular targeted therapies. However, inter-tumoral immune cell populations dictate initial therapeutic response and even tumors that responded to treatment develop resistance in the long term. As the protocol for combination therapies develop, so will our scientific understanding of the many pathways at play in the progression of melanoma. The future direction of the field may be to find a molecule that connects all of the pathways. Meanwhile, noncoding RNAs have been shown to play important roles in melanoma development and progression. Studying noncoding RNAs may help us to understand how resistance - both primary and acquired - develops; ultimately allow us to harness the true potential of current therapies. This review will cover the basic structure of the skin, the mutations and pathways responsible for transforming melanocytes into melanomas, the process by which melanomas metastasize, targeted therapeutics, and the potential that noncoding RNAs have as a prognostic and treatment tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Wagstaff
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rimel N. Mwamba
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Karina Grullon
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mikhayla Armstrong
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Bryce Hendren-Santiago
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin H. Qin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander J. Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel A. Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew Youssef
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Le Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh M, Dahal A, Brastianos PK. Preclinical Solid Tumor Models to Study Novel Therapeutics in Brain Metastases. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e284. [PMID: 34762346 PMCID: PMC8597918 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastases are the most common malignancy of the adult central nervous system and are becoming an increasingly troubling problem in oncology largely due to the lack of successful therapeutic options. The limited selection of treatments is a result of the currently poor understanding of the biological mechanisms of metastatic development, which in turn is difficult to achieve because of limited preclinical models that can accurately represent the clinical progression of metastasis. Described in this article are in vitro and in vivo model systems that are used to enhance the understanding of metastasis and to identify new therapies for the treatment of brain metastasis. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Singh
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ashish Dahal
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zaritsky A, Jamieson AR, Welf ES, Nevarez A, Cillay J, Eskiocak U, Cantarel BL, Danuser G. Interpretable deep learning uncovers cellular properties in label-free live cell images that are predictive of highly metastatic melanoma. Cell Syst 2021; 12:733-747.e6. [PMID: 34077708 PMCID: PMC8353662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Deep learning has emerged as the technique of choice for identifying hidden patterns in cell imaging data but is often criticized as "black box." Here, we employ a generative neural network in combination with supervised machine learning to classify patient-derived melanoma xenografts as "efficient" or "inefficient" metastatic, validate predictions regarding melanoma cell lines with unknown metastatic efficiency in mouse xenografts, and use the network to generate in silico cell images that amplify the critical predictive cell properties. These exaggerated images unveiled pseudopodial extensions and increased light scattering as hallmark properties of metastatic cells. We validated this interpretation using live cells spontaneously transitioning between states indicative of low and high metastatic efficiency. This study illustrates how the application of artificial intelligence can support the identification of cellular properties that are predictive of complex phenotypes and integrated cell functions but are too subtle to be identified in the raw imagery by a human expert. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Zaritsky
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Software and Information Systems Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Andrew R Jamieson
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Erik S Welf
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andres Nevarez
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin Cillay
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ugur Eskiocak
- Children's Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brandi L Cantarel
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lopes J, Ferreira-Gonçalves T, Figueiredo IV, Rodrigues CMP, Ferreira H, Ferreira D, Viana AS, Faísca P, Gaspar MM, Coelho JMP, Silva CO, Reis CP. Proof-of-Concept Study of Multifunctional Hybrid Nanoparticle System Combined with NIR Laser Irradiation for the Treatment of Melanoma. Biomolecules 2021; 11:511. [PMID: 33808293 PMCID: PMC8103244 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global impact of cancer emphasizes the importance of developing innovative, effective and minimally invasive therapies. In the context of superficial cancers, the development of a multifunctional nanoparticle-based system and its in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy characterization are, herein, proposed as a proof-of-concept. This multifunctional system consists of gold nanoparticles coated with hyaluronic and oleic acids, and functionalized with epidermal growth factor for greater specificity towards cutaneous melanoma cells. This nanoparticle system is activated by a near-infrared laser. The characterization of this nanoparticle system included several phases, with in vitro assays being firstly performed to assess the safety of gold nanoparticles without laser irradiation. Then, hairless immunocompromised mice were selected for a xenograft model upon inoculation of A375 human melanoma cells. Treatment with near-infrared laser irradiation for five minutes combined with in situ administration of the nanoparticles showed a tumor volume reduction of approximately 80% and, in some cases, led to the formation of several necrotic foci, observed histologically. No significant skin erythema at the irradiation zone was verified, nor other harmful effects on the excised organs. In conclusion, these assays suggest that this system is safe and shows promising results for the treatment of superficial melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.L.); (T.F.-G.); (C.M.P.R.); (M.M.G.); (C.O.S.)
| | - Tânia Ferreira-Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.L.); (T.F.-G.); (C.M.P.R.); (M.M.G.); (C.O.S.)
| | - Isabel V. Figueiredo
- Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.L.); (T.F.-G.); (C.M.P.R.); (M.M.G.); (C.O.S.)
| | - Hugo Ferreira
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (H.F.); (J.M.P.C.)
| | - David Ferreira
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal;
| | - Ana S. Viana
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Pedro Faísca
- CBIOS-Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.L.); (T.F.-G.); (C.M.P.R.); (M.M.G.); (C.O.S.)
| | - João M. P. Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (H.F.); (J.M.P.C.)
| | - Catarina Oliveira Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.L.); (T.F.-G.); (C.M.P.R.); (M.M.G.); (C.O.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario, University of Alcalá, Ctra. A2 km 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.L.); (T.F.-G.); (C.M.P.R.); (M.M.G.); (C.O.S.)
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Campo Grande, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (H.F.); (J.M.P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Belleri M, Paganini G, Coltrini D, Ronca R, Zizioli D, Corsini M, Barbieri A, Grillo E, Calza S, Bresciani R, Maiorano E, Mastropasqua MG, Annese T, Giacomini A, Ribatti D, Casas J, Levade T, Fabrias G, Presta M. β-Galactosylceramidase Promotes Melanoma Growth via Modulation of Ceramide Metabolism. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5011-5023. [PMID: 32998995 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Disturbance of sphingolipid metabolism may represent a novel therapeutic target in metastatic melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer. β-Galactosylceramidase (GALC) removes β-galactose from galactosylceramide and other sphingolipids. In this study, we show that downregulation of galcb, a zebrafish ortholog of human GALC, affects melanoblast and melanocyte differentiation in zebrafish embryos, suggesting a possible role for GALC in melanoma. On this basis, the impact of GALC expression in murine B16-F10 and human A2058 melanoma cells was investigated following its silencing or upregulation. Galc knockdown hampered growth, motility, and invasive capacity of B16-F10 cells and their tumorigenic and metastatic activity when grafted in syngeneic mice or zebrafish embryos. Galc-silenced cells displayed altered sphingolipid metabolism and increased intracellular levels of ceramide, paralleled by a nonredundant upregulation of Smpd3, which encodes for the ceramide-generating enzyme neutral sphingomyelinase 2. Accordingly, GALC downregulation caused SMPD3 upregulation, increased ceramide levels, and inhibited the tumorigenic activity of human melanoma A2058 cells, whereas GALC upregulation exerted opposite effects. In concordance with information from melanoma database mining, RNAscope analysis demonstrated a progressive increase of GALC expression from common nevi to stage IV human melanoma samples that was paralleled by increases in microphthalmia transcription factor and tyrosinase immunoreactivity inversely related to SMPD3 and ceramide levels. Overall, these findings indicate that GALC may play an oncogenic role in melanoma by modulating the levels of intracellular ceramide, thus providing novel opportunities for melanoma therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Data from zebrafish embryos, murine and human cell melanoma lines, and patient-derived tumor specimens indicate that β-galactosylceramidase plays an oncogenic role in melanoma and may serve as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Belleri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paganini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Coltrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Zizioli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbieri
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Calza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Bresciani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro G Mastropasqua
- Department of Emergency and Transplantation, Pathology Section, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, and Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-EHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Thierry Levade
- INSERM U1037, CRCT (Cancer Research Center of Toulouse) and Laboratoire de Biochimie Métabolique, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, and Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBER-EHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. .,Italian Consortium for Biotechnology (CIB), Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hwang BJ, Zhang Y, Brozowski JM, Liu Z, Burette S, Lough K, Smith CC, Shan Y, Chen J, Li N, Williams S, Su M, Googe P, Thomas NE, Liu Z. The dysfunction of BP180/collagen XVII in keratinocytes promotes melanoma progression. Oncogene 2019; 38:7491-7503. [PMID: 31435021 PMCID: PMC6908749 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BP180, also termed collagen XVII, is a hemidesmosomal transmembrane glycoprotein expressed in basal keratinocytes, and functions as a cell-matrix adhesion molecule in the dermal-epidermal junction of the skin. Its function, other than cell-matrix adhesion, remains unclear. We generated a mouse strain with BP180 dysfunction (termed ∆NC16A), which develops spontaneous skin inflammation accompanied by an influx of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We used the B16 mouse melanoma model to demonstrate that BP180 dysfunction in either skin or basal keratinocytes promotes MDSC influx into skin and tumor progression. MDSC depletion reduced tumor progression in ∆NC16A mice, demonstrating a critical role for BP180 dysfunction-driven MDSCs in melanoma progression. This study provides the first direct evidence that BP180, a cell-cell matrix adhesion molecule, possesses antitumor function through modulating infiltration of MDSCs. Basal keratinocytes actively participate in skin microenvironment changes caused by BP180 dysfunction. ∆NC16A mice could be a new animal model to study the melanoma microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Jin Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, the Second Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jaime M Brozowski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine-Rheumatology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Guangdong Center for Adverse Drug Reactions of Monitoring, Guangzhou, China
| | - Susan Burette
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kendall Lough
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christof C Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yue Shan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott Williams
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maureen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paul Googe
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Erturk K, Tas F, Serilmez M, Bilgin E, Duranyildiz D. Significance of serum neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 9 in melanoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 8:204-208. [PMID: 29387415 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 9 (NEDD9) is a promoter for various cellular functions that result in tumorigenesis. The aim of the present study was to analyse the serum levels of NEDD9 in melanoma patients in order to evaluate its prognostic, predictive and diagnostic value. Data from 112 melanoma patients were retrospectively analyzed and ELISA assays were used to measure serum NEDD9 concentration. The median serum NEDD9 levels of the patients were significantly higher compared with those of the controls. Serum NEDD9 was not found to be associated with any of the clinicopathological parameters, and was also not found to be prognostic for survival in melanoma. Therefore, serum NEDD9 may be of diagnostic value in melanoma, but its usefulness in prognosis remains controversial. The important role of NEDD9 in tumor angiogenesis necessitates efforts to elucidate its interactions with the tumor microenvironment and its potential as a therapeutic target for malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayhan Erturk
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Faruk Tas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Murat Serilmez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Elif Bilgin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| | - Derya Duranyildiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Avram S, Coricovac DE, Pavel IZ, Pinzaru I, Ghiulai R, Baderca F, Soica C, Muntean D, Branisteanu DE, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Dehelean CA. Standardization of A375 human melanoma models on chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane and Balb/c nude mice. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:89-99. [PMID: 28535001 PMCID: PMC5492638 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a metastatic disease characterized by high resistance to treatment, the incidence of which has alarmingly increased worldwide over the past years. A thorough characterization of tumor onset, progression and metastasis is compulsory to overcome the gaps existent in melanoma biology. The present study suggests a well-established protocol and a detailed histological description of human melanoma models in ovo and in vivo obtained by the inoculation of A375 cells to chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and Balb/c nude mice. The inoculation of A375 cells on CAM led to the formation of compact primary and secondary tumors on day 4 post-inoculation, with mean surface area values of 2.2±0.4 mm2 and 1.5±0.3 mm2, respectively. Moreover, the vessels around the tumors presented a spike wheel pattern, indicating a strong angiogenic reaction. All the injected mice, apart from one, developed solid polypoid primary tumors with lobulated surfaces and intense vascularization, and achromic epithelioid malignant melanocytes with vesiculous nuclei and necrosis area were detected. Metastasis was histologically confirmed in only 30% of the mice with the tumor xenografts. These data indicate that the standardization protocols proposed are complex and reproducible, and can be further employed for the therapeutic surveillance of antiangiogenic and anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefana Avram
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Dorina-Elena Coricovac
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Ioana Zinuca Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Iulia Pinzaru
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Flavia Baderca
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Codruta Soica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| | - Danina Muntean
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 300041, Romania
| | - Daciana E Branisteanu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iasi 7000115, Romania
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 30004, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aragon-Sanabria V, Pohler SE, Eswar VJ, Bierowski M, Gomez EW, Dong C. VE-Cadherin Disassembly and Cell Contractility in the Endothelium are Necessary for Barrier Disruption Induced by Tumor Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45835. [PMID: 28393886 PMCID: PMC5385522 DOI: 10.1038/srep45835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, breakdown of the endothelial barrier is critical for tumor cell extravasation through blood vessel walls and is mediated by a combination of tumor secreted soluble factors and receptor-ligand interactions. However, a complete mechanism governing tumor cell transendothelial migration remains unclear. Here, we investigate the roles of tumor-associated signals in regulating endothelial cell contractility and adherens junction disassembly leading to endothelial barrier breakdown. We show that Src mediates VE-cadherin disassembly in response to metastatic melanoma cells. Through the use of pharmacological inhibitors of cytoskeletal contractility we find that endothelial cell contractility is responsive to interactions with metastatic cancer cells and that reducing endothelial cell contractility abrogates migration of melanoma cells across endothelial monolayers. Furthermore, we find that a combination of tumor secreted soluble factors and receptor-ligand interactions mediate activation of Src within endothelial cells that is necessary for phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and for breakdown of the endothelial barrier. Together, these results provide insight into how tumor cell signals act in concert to modulate cytoskeletal contractility and adherens junctions disassembly during extravasation and may aid in identification of therapeutic targets to block metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Aragon-Sanabria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State university, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Steven E. Pohler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Vikram J. Eswar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State university, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Matthew Bierowski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Esther W. Gomez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State university, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State university, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miller MA, Weissleder R. Imaging the pharmacology of nanomaterials by intravital microscopy: Toward understanding their biological behavior. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:61-86. [PMID: 27266447 PMCID: PMC5136524 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) can deliver cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and other drugs more safely and efficiently to patients; furthermore, selective delivery to target tissues can theoretically be accomplished actively through coating NPs with molecular ligands, and passively through exploiting physiological "enhanced permeability and retention" features. However, clinical trial results have been mixed in showing improved efficacy with drug nanoencapsulation, largely due to heterogeneous NP accumulation at target sites across patients. Thus, a clear need exists to better understand why many NP strategies fail in vivo and not result in significantly improved tumor uptake or therapeutic response. Multicolor in vivo confocal fluorescence imaging (intravital microscopy; IVM) enables integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) measurement at the single-cell level, and has helped answer key questions regarding the biological mechanisms of in vivo NP behavior. This review summarizes progress to date and also describes useful technical strategies for successful IVM experimentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
miR-18a counteracts AKT and ERK activation to inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45002. [PMID: 28332553 PMCID: PMC5362961 DOI: 10.1038/srep45002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of endogenous stem/progenitor cells to repair injured tissues is an ideal option for disease treatment. However, adult pancreatic progenitor cells remain in a quiescent state in vivo. Thus, it is difficult to stimulate proliferation and differentiation in these progenitor cells, and the cause remains elusive. miR-17-92 cluster miRNAs are highly conserved in mammals and are expressed in multiple tissue stem/progenitor cells, but their role in pancreatic progenitor cells are less well known. In the present study, we demonstrate that miR-18a, but not the other members of the miR-17-92 gene cluster, inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic progenitor cells in vitro and ex vivo. miR-18a inhibits proliferation of adult pancreatic progenitor cells through arresting the cell cycle at G1 stage, indicating that miR-18a plays a role in keeping the adult pancreatic progenitor cells in quiescence. miR-18a inhibits pancreatic progenitor proliferation by targeting the gene expressions of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9 (Nedd9), and cyclin dependent kinase 19 (CDK19), as well as by suppressing activation of the proliferation-related signaling pathways phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Behrens
- EPO - Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH - GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Walther
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité, University Medicine, Berlin; Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iduna Fichtner
- EPO - Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology GmbH - GmbH, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kai MP, Brighton HE, Fromen CA, Shen TW, Luft JC, Luft YE, Keeler AW, Robbins GR, Ting JPY, Zamboni WC, Bear JE, DeSimone JM. Tumor Presence Induces Global Immune Changes and Enhances Nanoparticle Clearance. ACS NANO 2016; 10:861-70. [PMID: 26592524 PMCID: PMC4761267 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Long-circulating nanoparticles are essential for increasing tumor accumulation to provide therapeutic efficacy. While it is known that tumor presence can alter the immune system, very few studies have explored this impact on nanoparticle circulation. In this report, we demonstrate how the presence of a tumor can change the local and global immune system, which dramatically increases particle clearance. We found that tumor presence significantly increased clearance of PRINT hydrogel nanoparticles from the circulation, resulting in increased accumulation in the liver and spleen, due to an increase in M2-like macrophages. Our findings highlight the need to better understand interactions between immune status and nanoparticle clearance, and suggest that further consideration of immune function is required for success in preclinical and clinical nanoparticle studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc P. Kai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Hailey E. Brighton
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Catherine A. Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Tammy W. Shen
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - J. Christopher Luft
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yancey E. Luft
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Amanda W. Keeler
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gregory R. Robbins
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jenny P. Y. Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William C. Zamboni
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James E. Bear
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Molnár J, Fazakas C, Haskó J, Sipos O, Nagy K, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Farkas AE, Végh AG, Váró G, Galajda P, Krizbai IA, Wilhelm I. Transmigration characteristics of breast cancer and melanoma cells through the brain endothelium: Role of Rac and PI3K. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 10:269-81. [PMID: 26645485 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1122156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are common and devastating complications of both breast cancer and melanoma. Although mammary carcinoma brain metastases are more frequent than those originating from melanoma, this latter has the highest tropism to the brain. Using static and dynamic in vitro approaches, here we show that melanoma cells have increased adhesion to the brain endothelium in comparison to breast cancer cells. Moreover, melanoma cells can transmigrate more rapidly and in a higher number through brain endothelial monolayers than breast cancer cells. In addition, melanoma cells have increased ability to impair tight junctions of cerebral endothelial cells. We also show that inhibition of Rac or PI3K impedes adhesion of breast cancer cells and melanoma cells to the brain endothelium. In addition, inhibition of Rac or PI3K inhibits the late phase of transmigration of breast cancer cells and the early phase of transmigration of melanoma cells. On the other hand, the Rac inhibitor EHT1864 impairs the junctional integrity of the brain endothelium, while the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 has no damaging effect on interendothelial junctions. We suggest that targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway may represent a novel opportunity in preventing the formation of brain metastases of melanoma and breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Molnár
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Orsolya Sipos
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Krisztina Nagy
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Attila E Farkas
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - György Váró
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Péter Galajda
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary.,b Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad , Arad , Romania
| | - Imola Wilhelm
- a Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Szeged , Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shagisultanova E, Gaponova AV, Gabbasov R, Nicolas E, Golemis EA. Preclinical and clinical studies of the NEDD9 scaffold protein in cancer and other diseases. Gene 2015; 567:1-11. [PMID: 25967390 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression requires a significant reprogramming of cellular signaling to support the essential tumor-specific processes that include hyperproliferation, invasion (for solid tumors) and survival of metastatic colonies. NEDD9 (also known as CasL and HEF1) encodes a multi-domain scaffolding protein that assembles signaling complexes regulating multiple cellular processes relevant to cancer. These include responsiveness to signals emanating from the T and B cell receptors, integrins, chemokine receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinases, as well as cytoplasmic oncogenes such as BCR-ABL and FAK- and SRC-family kinases. Downstream, NEDD9 regulation of partners including CRKL, WAVE, PI3K/AKT, ERK, E-cadherin, Aurora-A (AURKA), HDAC6, and others allow NEDD9 to influence functions as pleiotropic as migration, invasion, survival, ciliary resorption, and mitosis. In this review, we summarize a growing body of preclinical and clinical data that indicate that while NEDD9 is itself non-oncogenic, changes in expression of NEDD9 (most commonly elevation of expression) are common features of tumors, and directly impact tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and response to at least some targeted agents inhibiting NEDD9-interacting proteins. These data strongly support the relevance of further development of NEDD9 as a biomarker for therapeutic resistance. Finally, we briefly discuss emerging evidence supporting involvement of NEDD9 in additional pathological conditions, including stroke and polycystic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shagisultanova
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Anna V Gaponova
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Rashid Gabbasov
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA; Department of Genetics, Kazan Federal University (Volga Region), Kazan, Tatarstan, Russia
| | - Emmanuelle Nicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lodhia KA, Hadley AM, Haluska P, Scott CL. Prioritizing therapeutic targets using patient-derived xenograft models. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:223-34. [PMID: 25783201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective systemic treatment of cancer relies on the delivery of agents with optimal therapeutic potential. The molecular age of medicine has provided genomic tools that can identify a large number of potential therapeutic targets in individual patients, heralding the promise of personalized treatment. However, determining which potential targets actually drive tumor growth and should be prioritized for therapy is challenging. Indeed, reliable molecular matches of target and therapeutic agent have been stringently validated in the clinic for only a small number of targets. Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are tumor models developed in immunocompromised mice using tumor procured directly from the patient. As patient surrogates, PDX models represent a powerful tool for addressing individualized therapy. Challenges include humanizing the immune system of PDX models and ensuring high quality molecular annotation, in order to maximize insights for the clinic. Importantly, PDX can be sampled repeatedly and in parallel, to reveal clonal evolution, which may predict mechanisms of drug resistance and inform therapeutic strategy design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K A Lodhia
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A M Hadley
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - P Haluska
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - C L Scott
- Stem Cells and Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chapman A, Fernandez del Ama L, Ferguson J, Kamarashev J, Wellbrock C, Hurlstone A. Heterogeneous tumor subpopulations cooperate to drive invasion. Cell Rep 2014; 8:688-95. [PMID: 25066122 PMCID: PMC4542310 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal selection and transcriptional reprogramming (e.g., epithelial-mesenchymal transition or phenotype switching) are the predominant theories thought to underlie tumor progression. However, a "division of labor" leading to cooperation among tumor-cell subpopulations could be an additional catalyst of progression. Using a zebrafish-melanoma xenograft model, we found that in a heterogeneous setting, inherently invasive cells, which possess protease activity and deposit extracellular matrix (ECM), co-invade with subpopulations of poorly invasive cells, a phenomenon we term "cooperative invasion". Whereas the poorly invasive cells benefit from heterogeneity, the invasive cells switch from protease-independent to an MT1-MMP-dependent mode of invasion. We did not observe changes in expression of the melanoma phenotype determinant MITF during cooperative invasion, thus ruling out the necessity for phenotype switching for invasion. Altogether, our data suggest that cooperation can drive melanoma progression without the need for clonal selection or phenotype switching and can account for the preservation of heterogeneity seen throughout tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chapman
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Laura Fernandez del Ama
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jennifer Ferguson
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jivko Kamarashev
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Wellbrock
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Adam Hurlstone
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Damsky WE, Theodosakis N, Bosenberg M. Melanoma metastasis: new concepts and evolving paradigms. Oncogene 2013; 33:2413-22. [PMID: 23728340 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma progression is typically depicted as a linear and stepwise process in which metastasis occurs relatively late in disease progression. Significant evidence suggests that in a subset of melanomas, progression is much more complex and less linear in nature. Epidemiologic and experimental observations in melanoma metastasis are reviewed here and are incorporated into a comprehensive model for melanoma metastasis, which takes into account the varied natural history of melanoma formation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W E Damsky
- 1] Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - N Theodosakis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chan KT, Jones SW, Brighton HE, Bo T, Cochran SD, Sharpless NE, Bear JE. Intravital imaging of a spheroid-based orthotopic model of melanoma in the mouse ear skin. INTRAVITAL 2013; 2. [PMID: 28748125 DOI: 10.4161/intv.25805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy is a powerful tool that enables the visualization of fluorescently tagged tumor cells and their stromal interactions within tissues in vivo. We have developed an orthotopic model of implanting multicellular melanoma tumor spheroids into the dermis of the mouse ear skin without the requirement for invasive surgery. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this approach to observe the primary tumor, single cell actin dynamics, and tumor-associated vasculature. These methods can be broadly applied to investigate an array of biological questions regarding tumor cell behavior in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keefe T Chan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Stephen W Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Hailey E Brighton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tao Bo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Shelly D Cochran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Norman E Sharpless
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - James E Bear
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Overexpression of NEDD9 is Associated with Altered Expression of E-Cadherin, β-Catenin and N-Cadherin and Predictive of Poor Prognosis in non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 19:281-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
22
|
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase l1 in tumorigenesis. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:123706. [PMID: 22811913 PMCID: PMC3395355 DOI: 10.1155/2012/123706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1, aka PGP9.5) is an abundant, neuronal deubiquitinating enzyme that has also been suggested to possess E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and/or stabilize ubiquitin monomers in vivo. Recent evidence implicates dysregulation of UCH-L1 in the pathogenesis and progression of human cancers. Although typically only expressed in neurons, high levels of UCH-L1 have been found in many nonneuronal tumors, including breast, colorectal, and pancreatic carcinomas. UCH-L1 has also been implicated in the regulation of metastasis and cell growth during the progression of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lymphoma. Together these studies suggest UCH-L1 has a potent oncogenic role and drives tumor development. Conversely, others have observed promoter methylation-mediated silencing of UCH-L1 in certain tumor subtypes, suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role for UCH-L1. In this paper, we provide an overview of the evidence supporting the involvement of UCH-L1 in tumor development and discuss the potential mechanisms of action of UCH-L1 in oncogenesis.
Collapse
|
23
|
Brain metastases: pathobiology and emerging targeted therapies. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 123:205-22. [PMID: 22212630 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-011-0933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are common in cancer patients and are associated with high morbidity and poor prognosis, even after intensive multimodal therapy including resection, radiotherapy (stereotactic radiosurgery or whole brain radiotherapy) and chemotherapy. However, advances in the understanding of the pathobiology of BM and the development of molecular targeted agents hold promise for improved prophylaxis and therapy of BM. Here we provide a comprehensive review of the current concepts on mechanisms of the brain-metastatic cascade involving hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells, attachment to microvessel endothelial cells, extravasation into the brain, interaction with the local microenvironment, angiogenesis and intraparenchymal proliferation. Transendothelial migration depends on adhesion molecules such as integrins, selectins and chemokines. Tumor cells invade the brain by degrading extracellular matrix components using heparanase and matrix metalloproteinases. Astrocytes and microglial cells exert not only anti-, but also pro-neoplastic effects on brain-invading tumor cells. Some tumor types (e.g. melanoma) show prominent cooption of preexisting vasculature, while other tumor types (e.g. lung cancer) tend to show early angiogenesis after brain invasion. In this article we also critically summarize the data on currently studied targeted therapeutics in BM especially in the context of recent preclinical data. The most promising agents for BM patients include anti-angiogenic drugs, inhibitors of v-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) for BRAF V600E mutated melanoma and inhibitors of epithelial growth factor receptor for non-small cell lung cancer. Molecular analysis of the BRAF V600E status of melanoma BM using DNA-based methods or immunohistochemistry may soon enter the routine neuropathological practice.
Collapse
|
24
|
Decoding melanoma metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 3:126-63. [PMID: 24212610 PMCID: PMC3756353 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis accounts for the vast majority of morbidity and mortality associated with melanoma. Evidence suggests melanoma has a predilection for metastasis to particular organs. Experimental analyses have begun to shed light on the mechanisms regulating melanoma metastasis and organ specificity, but these analyses are complicated by observations of metastatic dormancy and dissemination of melanocytes that are not yet fully malignant. Additionally, tumor extrinsic factors in the microenvironment, both at the site of the primary tumor and the site of metastasis, play important roles in mediating the metastatic process. As metastasis research moves forward, paradigms explaining melanoma metastasis as a step-wise process must also reflect the temporal complexity and heterogeneity in progression of this disease. Genetic drivers of melanoma as well as extrinsic regulators of disease spread, particularly those that mediate metastasis to specific organs, must also be incorporated into newer models of melanoma metastasis.
Collapse
|