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Alsharif A, Al Habbal O, Gabadian A, El Maamoun R, Al Faraj A, Kamr Aldin T, Haitham Aldammad O, Alkayakhi A, Al Habbal A. Behavioral difficulties and associated factors among the 'lost generation' of Syrian children and adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9286. [PMID: 38654099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood and adolescence, vital in shaping adult life and society, are profoundly impacted during conflicts like Syria's devastating war. This study explores the prevalence of behavioral disorders in Syrian children and adolescents, examining the influence of war and family-related factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 2-17 years at a children's outpatient clinic in Damascus, Syria. We assessed parents' quality of life, war and family-related factors, and behavioral difficulties through parental interviews using two questionnaires: the Arabic version of the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the brief Arabic version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). 74.67% of children aged 2-4 years and 61.29% of children aged 5-17 years were experiencing behavioral difficulties, with emotional difficulties being the most prevalent ones. Children exposed to kidnapping, family losses, lack of school enrollment, and those with parents having lower education, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer quality of life exhibited higher Total SDQ scores. The high prevalence of behavioral difficulties among children and adolescents in Syria is a major concern, with both direct and indirect war-related factors contributing to this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Alsharif
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Aram Gabadian
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
- Eye Surgical Hospital, Damascus, Syria
| | | | - Alaa Al Faraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | | | | | | | - Aya Al Habbal
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
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Currie C, Alemán Díaz AY, Bosáková L, de Looze M. The international Family Affluence Scale (FAS): Charting 25 years of indicator development, evidence produced, and policy impact on adolescent health inequalities. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101599. [PMID: 38313871 PMCID: PMC10835442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the absence of suitable indicators of adolescent socioeconomic status, the Family Affluence Scale (FAS) was first developed in Scotland 25 years ago. Since then, it has been adapted for use in the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study to research inequalities in adolescent health in Europe and North America. FAS has also been used as an indicator of adolescent socioeconomic status in research studies outside of HBSC, worldwide. There has been a need for FAS to evolve and change its component items over time in order to take into account social and technological changes influencing the families of adolescents. This paper uniquely charts the development of FAS describing the methodological work carried out to validate the measure internationally and over time. It also presents an overview of the body of evidence on adolescent health inequalities produced over years from the HBSC Study and other research studies. Interviews conducted with policy stakeholders reveal that the evidence from FAS-related HBSC work has influenced their strategic work to raise awareness of inequalities and make the case for action to address these. Finally, the future of FAS is discussed with respect to its continual evolution in the context of technological, environmental and social change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace Currie
- Glasgow Caledonian University London, 40 Fashion Street, London, E1 6PX, UK
| | | | - Lucia Bosáková
- Department of Health Psychology and Methodology of Research, Medical Faculty, PJ Safarik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc, Univerzitni 22, 771 11, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Margreet de Looze
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Adhikari S, Ma J, Shakya S, Brøndbo PH, Handegård BH, Javo AC. Self-reported emotional and behavioral problems among school-going adolescents in Nepal-A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287305. [PMID: 37352299 PMCID: PMC10289424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on self-reported emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) among adolescents are still sparse in many low- and middle-income countries. In Nepal, no such studies have been performed on a larger scale, and little is known about self-reported EBPs in the adolescent population. METHODS This cross-sectional, school-based study on EBPs included 1904 adolescents aged 11-18 years, enrolled in government and private schools located in 16 districts in Nepal. The Nepali version of the Youth Self Report form was used to assess self-reported EBPs, and the Teacher Report Form was used to assess academic performance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for gender comparisons on adolescents' EBPs and on academic competence. Multiple regression analysis was done to explore correlates of self-reported EBPs. RESULTS The overall prevalence of self-reported EBPs was 14.2%; 15.6% in boys and 12.9% in girls. The mean Total Problems score was 39.27 (standard deviation = 24.16); no gender differences were observed. Boys scored higher on Externalizing Problems and girls scored higher on Internalizing Problems. The effect sizes for gender comparisons were small with Hedges' g ranging from -0.29 to 0.28. Physical illness and negative/traumatic life events were positively correlated with self-reported EBPs, whereas academic performance was negatively correlated. However, the effect sizes were small (η2 < 0.02). CONCLUSION This study helps to narrow the knowledge gap on the prevalence, magnitude, and types of self-reported EBPs in Nepali adolescents. It demonstrated an association between self-reported EBPs and academic performance and linked self-reported EBPs to other factors such as negative/traumatic life events and physical illness. The findings might assist health authorities in the planning of mental health services and may also provide valuable background information to clinicians dealing with adolescent mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirjana Adhikari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Jasmine Ma
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Suraj Shakya
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Per Håkan Brøndbo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Helge Handegård
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare—North, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Cecilie Javo
- Sami National Competence Center for Mental Health (SANKS), Sami Klinihkka, Finnmark Hospital Trust, Karasjok, Norway
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Atilola O, Ayinde O, Obialo FK, Adeyemo SO, Adegbaju D, Anthony R. Towards school-based mental health programs in Nigeria: the immediate impact of a depression-literacy program among school-going adolescents and their teachers. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2022; 16:70. [PMID: 35999596 PMCID: PMC9400212 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-022-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression-literacy, which is the foundational requirement for symptom recognition, positive attitude and help-seeking, is poor among adolescents in Nigeria. This study, therefore, aims to determine the impact of a school-based training program on depression-literacy among a cohort of high-school students and their teachers in South-West Nigeria. METHODS An adapted version of the Break Free from Depression, a 4-module depression awareness curriculum for staff and students, was implemented among students and their teachers. Paired-sample T-test was used to assess the domain-specific (knowledge, attitude, and confidence) impact of the training by comparing the baseline and immediate (within the week of the training) post-scores. RESULTS A total of 3098 students and 294 teachers from 21 schools across three states in South-West Nigeria successfully completed the training. There was a significant positive difference (p < 0.05), at post-test, in the knowledge, attitude, and confidence among the students. The same was observed among teachers except for attitude where positive change did not reach significant level (p = 0.06). When statistically significant, the calculated effect size (eta squared) was highest for knowledge (students: 0.07, p = 0.001; teachers: 0.08, p < 0.000) and least for attitude (students: 0.003, p = 0.002 teachers: 0.085, p = 0.06). Multiple regression analyses result showed that the level of pre-scores predicted the magnitude of change in all domains of depression-literacy (p < 0.05) after controlling for age, gender, and type of school among the students, but not for teachers. CONCLUSIONS School-based depression-literacy programs can lead to significant positive change in knowledge, attitude, and confidence of students and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Olatunde Ayinde
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Felix-Kingsley Obialo
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Center for Creativity and Entrepreneurial Studies, Dominican University Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Oladotun Adeyemo
- grid.412320.60000 0001 2291 4792Department of Psychology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Dapo Adegbaju
- grid.490120.e0000 0004 9338 1163Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Forging a career as a child and adolescent psychiatry researcher in Nigeria: Surmounting challenges and taking opportunities. EBioMedicine 2021; 66:103304. [PMID: 33774328 PMCID: PMC8024905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Gómez-Restrepo C, Malagón NR, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Ruiz R, Gil JF. Associated factors for recognition of mental problems and disorders in adolescents in the Colombian National Mental Health Survey. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 50:3-10. [PMID: 33648693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental problems and disorders are prevalent in the adolescent population. It is estimated that around 10% of adolescents have mental disorders that require attention and are generally not recognised as such. The aim was to determine potential factors associated with whether or not mental disorders and problems are recognised in the Colombian population. METHODS Adolescents aged 12 to 17 who said they had been diagnosed with a mental health problem or disorder by a healthcare professional were identified from the National Mental Health Survey conducted in Colombia in 2015. This group was compared with those who scored positive for mental disorders measured by CIDI 3.0 or mental problems detected by SRQ-20. RESULTS A sample of 1,754 adolescents was obtained, of whom 7.3% (n=129) had disorders and 22.6% (n=396) had problems. Of the total with disorders and problems, 13.9% (n=18) of people with disorders and 8.3% (n=33) with problems knew they had them. Bivariate analyses were performed with the possible related variables, and with the results we constructed a multivariate regression model that identified factors associated with the recognition of disorders or problems, such as family dysfunction (OR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.5) or counting on family when having financial problems (OR=2.7; 95% CI, 1.0-7.2). CONCLUSIONS Recognition is of great importance for initiating access to care by adolescents. The results provide associated variables which can aid planning of interventions to improve the detection of disorders and problems in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez-Restrepo
- Departamento Epidemiología Clínica y Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Nelcy Rodriguez Malagón
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Profesor titular de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, director del Grupo de Equidad en Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Ruiz
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jacky Fabian Gil
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Improving Social Inclusion for Young People Affected by Mental Illness in Uttarakhand, India. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:136-143. [PMID: 32333229 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Young people experiencing mental ill-health are often excluded from peer networks, family events, education, marriage and employment. We evaluated a community-based, peer-led intervention guided by the Nae Disha (new pathways) program, targeting young people affected by mental ill-health in Uttarakhand, India. A total of 11 groups involving 142 young people (30 male, 112 female) and 8 peer facilitators participated, most of whom were enrolled in a community mental health program. The impact of the intervention on participation, mental health, and social strengths and difficulties was measured at baseline and endline using validated instruments. The proportion experiencing significant social isolation reduced from 20.6 to 5.9% (p < 0.001), and those classified in the 'abnormal' range of the social difficulties measure halved from 42.6 to 21.3% (p < 0.001). These findings clearly demonstrate that perceptions of social inclusion and mental health of young people affected by mental illness can be significantly strengthened through participation in this low-resource intervention.
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Rothenberg WA, Lansford JE, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Malone PS, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Uribe Tirado LM, Yotanyamaneewong S, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D. Effects of Parental Warmth and Behavioral Control on Adolescent Externalizing and Internalizing Trajectories Across Cultures. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:835-855. [PMID: 32609411 PMCID: PMC8059478 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of parental warmth and behavioral control on externalizing and internalizing symptom trajectories from ages 8 to 14 in 1,298 adolescents from 12 cultural groups. We did not find that single universal trajectories characterized adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures, but instead found significant heterogeneity in starting points and rates of change in both externalizing and internalizing symptoms across cultures. Some similarities did emerge. Across many cultural groups, internalizing symptoms decreased from ages 8 to 10, and externalizing symptoms increased from ages 10 to 14. Parental warmth appears to function similarly in many cultures as a protective factor that prevents the onset and growth of adolescent externalizing and internalizing symptoms, whereas the effects of behavioral control vary from culture to culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc H Bornstein
- Institute for Fiscal Studies
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
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Nabunya P, Damulira C, Byansi W, Muwanga J, Bahar OS, Namuwonge F, Ighofose E, Brathwaite R, Tumwesige W, Ssewamala FM. Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among high school adolescent girls in southern Uganda. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1792. [PMID: 33238965 PMCID: PMC7689972 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), adolescent girls and young women are three times more likely than boys to have depressive disorders. Understanding adolescents’ unique and common vulnerabilities and protective factors is essential for the development of appropriate interventions and programming focused on child and adolescent mental health. This paper examines the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among high school adolescent girls in southern Uganda. Methods Baseline data from a longitudinal cluster randomized study involving 1260 adolescent girls (14–17 years), recruited from 47 secondary schools were utilized. Depressive symptoms were estimated using the 21-item Beck’s Depression Inventory. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was utilized to estimate key predictors of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Results Of the total sample, 16.35% (n = 206) reported severe depressive symptoms and almost one in every three adolescent girls interviewed (29.68%, n = 374) reported moderate symptoms. These symptoms were more prevalent among older adolescents (16 years and above). In addition, family relationships, social support, as well as measures of psychological wellbeing (self-concept and self-esteem) were all associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Hopelessness was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms among adolescent girls. Conclusion Findings from this study indicate a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, especially among older adolescent girls. In addition, family support factors and adolescents’ psychological wellbeing were associated with low levels of depressive symptoms –pointing to the need to strengthen family functioning and adolescent’s psychological wellbeing to mitigate risks. Taken together, findings support increasing calls for early screening and detection of depressive symptoms to facilitate timely referral to care and treatment. Findings may also inform the development and incorporation of gender-specific mental health components in programming targeting adolescent girls, in low-resource communities in SSA. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT03307226) on 11 October 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proscovia Nabunya
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
| | - Christopher Damulira
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - William Byansi
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Joelynn Muwanga
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ozge Sensoy Bahar
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Flavia Namuwonge
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Eloho Ighofose
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Rachel Brathwaite
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Wilberforce Tumwesige
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Fred M Ssewamala
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, International Center for Child Health and Development (ICHAD), One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
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Gaziel M, Hasson-Ohayon I, Morag-Yaffe M, Schapir L, Zalsman G, Shoval G. Insight and Satisfaction with Life Among Adolescents with Mental Disorders: Assessing Associations with Self-Stigma and Parental Insight. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 30:329-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjective:The purpose of the current study was to assess the associations of illness perception-related variables with satisfaction with life (SwL) among adolescents with mental disorders.Methods:Insight into mental disorder (SAI-E), Internalized stigma of mental illness (ISMI) and Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS) were administrated to 30 adolescent patients. Adapted version for parents of the SAI-E was also administrated to 37 of their parents.Results:Significant positive correlations were found between insight into the illness, self-stigma and parental insight. Insight and self-stigma were significantly negatively related to the total score of SwL and few of its dimensions while parental insight was significantly associated only with the SwL dimensions of school and self. Regression models revealed main negative effects of insight and self-stigma on SwL and no interaction effect.Conclusions:The possible independent contribution of insight and self-stigma to SwL should be addressed in interventions designed for family and adolescents coping with mental illness. Special attention should be given to the possible negative implications that insight possesses. In lack of support of the moderation role of self-stigma, reported in studies among adults with mental illness, future studies should trace other variables in order to further understand the insight paradox among adolescents.
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Doric A, Stevanovic D, Stupar D, Vostanis P, Atilola O, Moreira P, Dodig-Curkovic K, Franic T, Davidovic V, Avicenna M, Noor M, Nussbaum L, Thabet A, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Deljkovic A, Antonio ML, Ribas A, Oliveira J, Knez R. UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5): a psychometric study of adolescents sampled from communities in eleven countries. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1605282. [PMID: 31105904 PMCID: PMC6507911 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1605282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children and adolescents are often exposed to traumatic events, which may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is therefore important for clinicians to screen for potential symptoms that can be signs of PTSD onset. PTSD in youth is a worldwide problem, thus congruent screening tools in various languages are needed. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the general psychometric properties of the Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for children and adolescents (UCLA PTSD) Reaction Index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) in adolescents, a self-report instrument intended to screen for trauma exposure and assess PTSD symptoms. Method: Data was collected from 4201 adolescents in communities within eleven countries worldwide (i.e. Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestine-Gaza, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, and Serbia). Internal consistency, discriminant validity, and a confirmatory factor analysis of a four-factor model representing the main DSM-5 symptoms of the PTSD-RI-5 were evaluated. Results: The PTSD-RI-5 total score for the entire sample shows very good reliability (α = .92) as well as across all countries included (α ranged from .90 to .94). The correlations between anxiety/depressive symptoms and the PTSD-RI-5 scores were below .70 indicating on good discriminant validity. The four-factor structure of the scale was confirmed for the total sample and data from six countries. The standardized regression weights for all items varied markedly across the countries. The lack of a common acceptable model across all countries prevented us from direct testing of cross-cultural measurement invariance. Conclusions: The four-factor structure of the PTSD-RI-5 likely represents the core PTSD symptoms as proposed by the DSM-5 criteria, but there could be items interpreted in a conceptually different manner by adolescents from different cultural/regional backgrounds and future cross-cultural evaluations need to consider this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Doric
- Department of Psychology (Center for Applied Psychology), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Child Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusko Stupar
- Child Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Panos Vostanis
- School of Psychology, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Katarina Dodig-Curkovic
- Medical Faculty Osijek, Faculty for Dental Medicine and Health, University Health Center Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Franic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vrljicak Davidovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohamad Avicenna
- Faculty of Psychology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Multazam Noor
- Psychiatry department, Dr Soeharto Heerdjan Mental Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Laura Nussbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abdelaziz Thabet
- School of Public Health, Al Quds University, Gaza Branch, Palestine
| | - Dino Ubalde
- Department of Psychology, St. Dominic College of Asia, City of Bacoor, Philippines
| | - Petar Petrov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribas
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rajna Knez
- Department of Women´s and Children´s health, Skaraborgs Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg, Sweden
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Upadhaya N, Tize C, Adhikari R, Gurung D, Pokhrel R, Maharjan S, Reis R. Geographies of adolescent distress: A need for a community-based psychosocial care system in Nepal. INTERVENTION 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/intv.intv_21_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abbasalizad Farhangi M, Dehghan P, Jahangiry L. Mental health problems in relation to eating behavior patterns, nutrient intakes and health related quality of life among Iranian female adolescents. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195669. [PMID: 29702683 PMCID: PMC5922554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To identify the association between mental health problems, eating behavior patterns, nutrient intakes and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among Iranian female adolescents. Materials and methods The current cross-sectional study conducted among three high-schools randomly selected from 10-day-public high schools in the selected sub-county from Tabriz city-Iran between December 2015 through March 2016. Participants were a sample of 107 adolescent girls aged 15–17 years old. Anthropometric parameters were measured and assessments of HRQoL, mental health problems and eating behavioral patterns were performed by Short Form 36 (SF-36), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ) and Eating Behavioral Pattern Questionnaire (EBPQ) respectively. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative Food-Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) adapted for the Iranian society. Quality of life was measured with HRQoL questionnaire. Quantitative analysis using independent sample t test was performed for comparison of continuous variables between two subgroups (unlikely, possible/probable) of each category of mental health problem. Multiple logistic regression was used to measure the potential predictors (e.g. eating patterns and HRQoL) of mental health problems in two models of crude and adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI). P values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results Indicators of conduct problems and hyperactivity disorders were the most prevalent mental health problems among female adolescents (25.2% and 18.6% respectively). The prevalence of hyperactivity disorders among female adolescents was 35.5%. Female adolescents in high scores of ‘snacking and convenience’, ‘planning ahead’ and ‘meal skipping’ eating patterns were more likely to have indicators of emotional disorders (P < 0.05). Also, being in the high tertile of ‘low fat eating’ pattern made adolescents less likely to have hyperactivity disorders (P < 0.05). Moreover, according to our finding, high scores of vitality and mental health components of HRQoL were associated with reduced likelihood of emotional disorders, conduct disorders and hyperactivity disorders. No significant difference in terms of BMI and nutrient intakes in different categories of mental health problems according to SDQ scoring was identified. Conclusions In the current study unhealthy eating patterns including ‘snacking and convenience’, ‘planning ahead’ and ‘meal skipping’ eating patterns were positive predictors of “emotional disorders” while “low fat” eating pattern was negative predictor of hyperactivity disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Drug Applied Research Center, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Jahangiry
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Education and Health Promotion Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Hoosen N, Davids EL, de Vries PJ, Shung-King M. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Africa: a scoping review of its application and validation. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018; 12:6. [PMID: 29344084 PMCID: PMC5765647 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child and adolescent mental health in Africa remains largely neglected. Quick and cost-effective ways for early detection may aid early intervention. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is globally used to screen for mental health problems, but little is known about its use in Africa. We set out to perform a scoping review to examine existing studies that have used the SDQ in Africa. METHODS A comprehensive scoping review methodology was used to identify all peer-reviewed studies ever published that have used the SDQ in Africa. Data were extracted and analysed to assess the countries, languages and SDQ versions used, the purpose of the SDQ studies, psychometric properties of the SDQ, and to consider knowledge gaps for future in-country and cross-country studies. RESULTS Fifty-four studies from 12 African countries were identified, most from South Africa. Many different languages were used, but authorized SDQs in those languages were not always available on the SDQinfo website. Authors frequently commented on challenges in the translation and backtranslation of mental health terminology in African languages. The SDQ was typically used to investigate internalisation/externalization disorders in different clinical populations, and was most frequently used in the evaluation of children and adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS. Sixteen studies (29.6%) administered the SDQ to participants outside the intended age range, only 4 (7.4%) used triangulation of all versions to generate assessments, and eight studies (14.8%) used only subscales of the SDQ. Only one study conducted thorough psychometric validation of the SDQ, including examination of internal consistency and factor analysis. Where 'caseness' was defined in studies, UK cut-off scores were used in all but one of the studies. CONCLUSIONS The SDQ may be a very useful tool in an African setting, but the scoping review suggested that, where it was used in Africa researchers did not always follow instrument guidelines, and highlighted that very little is known about the psychometric properties of the SDQ in Africa. We recommend comprehensive evaluation of the psychometric properties of the SDQ in various African languages, including internal consistency, factor structure, need for local cut-off values and ensuring cultural equivalence of the instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhat Hoosen
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, 46 Sawkins Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Health Policy and Systems Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eugene Lee Davids
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, 46 Sawkins Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Petrus J. de Vries
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, 46 Sawkins Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Maylene Shung-King
- Adolescent Health Research Unit, Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, 46 Sawkins Road, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Health Policy and Systems Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Stevanovic D, Bagheri Z, Atilola O, Vostanis P, Stupar D, Moreira P, Franic T, Davidovic N, Knez R, Nikšić A, Dodig-Ćurković K, Avicenna M, Multazam Noor I, Nussbaum L, Deljkovic A, Aziz Thabet A, Petrov P, Ubalde D, Monteiro LA, Ribas R. Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale across 11 world-wide societies. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2017; 26:430-440. [PMID: 27353487 PMCID: PMC6998552 DOI: 10.1017/s204579601600038x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to compare estimates by one assessment scale across various cultures/ethnic groups, an important aspect that needs to be demonstrated is that its construct across these groups is invariant when measured using a similar and simultaneous approach (i.e., demonstrated cross-cultural measurement invariance). One of the methods for evaluating measurement invariance is testing for differential item functioning (DIF), which assesses whether different groups respond differently to particular items. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in societies with different socioeconomic, cultural, and religious backgrounds. METHODS The study was organised by the International Child Mental Health Study Group. Self-reported data were collected from adolescents residing in 11 countries: Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestinian Territories, the Philippines, Portugal, Romania and Serbia. The multiple-indicators multiple-causes model was used to test the RCADS items for DIF across the countries. RESULTS Ten items exhibited DIF considering all cross-country comparisons. Only one or two items were flagged with DIF in the head-to-head comparisons, while there were three to five items flagged with DIF, when one country was compared with the others. Even with all cross-culturally non-invariant items removed from nine language versions tested, the original factor model representing six anxiety and depressive symptoms subscales was not significantly violated. CONCLUSIONS There is clear evidence that relatively small number of the RCADS items is non-invariant, especially when comparing two different cultural/ethnic groups, which indicates on its sound cross-cultural validity and suitability for cross-cultural comparisons in adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Stevanovic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Z. Bagheri
- Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - P. Vostanis
- School of Psychology, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - D. Stupar
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - T. Franic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - N. Davidovic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - R. Knez
- Medical School, University of Rijeka, Croatia
| | - A. Nikšić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - M. Avicenna
- Faculty of Psychology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - L. Nussbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Victor Babes’, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | | | - P. Petrov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - D. Ubalde
- Department of Psychology, St. Dominic College of Asia, City of Bacoor, Philippines
| | | | - R. Ribas
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Atilola O, Ola B, Abiri G, Sahid-Adebambo M, Odukoya O, Adewuya A, Coker O, Folarin O, Fasawe A. Status of mental-health services for adolescents with psychiatric morbidity in youth correctional institutions in Lagos. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017. [PMID: 28639494 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2017.1321550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High prevalence rates of psychiatric morbidity have been documented among adolescents within youth correctional institutions in Nigeria. However, there has not been prior investigation to determine the capacity for and nature of mental health services being provided in these institutions. OBJECTIVES To assess psychiatric morbidity among adolescents within youth correctional institutions in Lagos, while simultaneously examining the capacity for and the scope of mental health services. METHODS Psychiatric morbidity and alcohol/substance use disorder were assessed among 165 respondents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the CRAFFT screening tool for adolescent substance use disorder. Availability of mental-health services in the institutions was examined using an 'audit protocol'. RESULTS We found prevalence rates of 18.2% and 15.8% of general psychiatric morbidity and alcohol/ substance use disorder, respectively, among the adolescents. Only about a third (34.3%; n = 20) of the operational staff at the institutions had educational backgrounds relevant to psycho-social services for children/adolescents, while less than a quarter (22.4%, n = 13) has ever received any training in child mental health services. There was no evidence of mental health screening and intervention in the service framework within the institutions. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that there was evidence for significant mental health service gaps within the youth correctional services in Lagos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olayinka Atilola
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria.,b Department of Psychiatry , Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Bolanle Ola
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria.,b Department of Psychiatry , Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Gbonjubola Abiri
- c Child and Adolescent Unit , Federal Neuro-psychiatric Hospital Yaba , Lagos , Nigeria
| | | | | | - Abiodun Adewuya
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria.,b Department of Psychiatry , Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Olurotimi Coker
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria.,b Department of Psychiatry , Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Ikeja , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Oluwadamilola Folarin
- a Department of Behavioural Medicine , Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Adedolapo Fasawe
- e Mental Health Desk , Lagos State Ministry of Health , Ikeja Lagos , Nigeria
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Lachytova M, Katreniakova Z, Mikula P, Jendrichovsky M, Nagyova I. Associations between self-rated health, mental health problems and physical inactivity among urban adolescents. Eur J Public Health 2017; 27:984-989. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Lachytova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Katreniakova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Slovak Public Health Association – SAVEZ, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Mikula
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Marian Jendrichovsky
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Nagyova
- Department of Social and Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovak Republic
- Slovak Public Health Association – SAVEZ, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Stevanovic D, Jafari P, Knez R, Franic T, Atilola O, Davidovic N, Bagheri Z, Lakic A. Can we really use available scales for child and adolescent psychopathology across cultures? A systematic review of cross-cultural measurement invariance data. Transcult Psychiatry 2017; 54:125-152. [PMID: 28157447 DOI: 10.1177/1363461516689215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this systematic review, we assessed available evidence for cross-cultural measurement invariance of assessment scales for child and adolescent psychopathology as an indicator of cross-cultural validity. A literature search was conducted using the Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Cross-cultural measurement invariance data was available for 26 scales. Based on the aggregation of the evidence from the studies under review, none of the evaluated scales have strong evidence for cross-cultural validity and suitability for cross-cultural comparison. A few of the studies showed a moderate level of measurement invariance for some scales (such as the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale), which may make them suitable in cross-cultural comparative studies. The remainder of the scales either showed weak or outright lack of measurement invariance. This review showed only limited testing for measurement invariance across cultural groups of scales for pediatric psychopathology, with evidence of cross-cultural validity for only a few scales. This study also revealed a need to improve practices of statistical analysis reporting in testing measurement invariance. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aneta Lakic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth
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Stevanovic D, Atilola O, Vostanis P, Pal Singh Balhara Y, Avicenna M, Kandemir H, Knez R, Franic T, Petrov P, Maroco J, Terzic Supic Z, Bagheri Z. Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance of Adolescent Self-Report on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory ™ 4.0. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:687-695. [PMID: 28453201 PMCID: PMC5856231 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory version 4.0 (PedsQL™) among adolescents sampled from Bulgaria, Croatia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Serbia, and Turkey. The multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) model was used, which allowed controlling of demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, and socioeconomic status). Significant effects of country on scores within the PedsQL™ domains were observed, with up to 17 items showing differential item functioning (DIF) across the countries. We did not find support for cross-cultural measurement invariance hypotheses for scores on the PedsQL™ adolescent self-report in this study. Researchers should use caution in making cross-cultural quality of life comparisons while using the PedsQL.
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Does the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - self report yield invariant measurements across different nations? Data from the International Child Mental Health Study Group. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2015; 24:323-34. [PMID: 24785706 PMCID: PMC7192188 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796014000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the measurement invariance of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) self-report among adolescents from seven different nations. METHODS Data for 2367 adolescents, aged 13-18 years, from India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Serbia, Turkey, Bulgaria and Croatia were available for a series of factor analyses. RESULTS The five-factor model including original SDQ scales emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention problems, peer problems and prosocial behaviour generated inadequate fit degree in all countries. A bifactor model with three factors (i.e., externalising, internalising and prosocial) and one general problem factor yielded adequate degree of fit in India, Nigeria, Turkey and Croatia. The prosocial behaviour, emotional symptoms and conduct problems factor were found to be common for all nations. However, originally proposed items loaded saliently on other factors besides the proposed ones or only some of them corresponded to proposed factors in all seven countries. CONCLUSIONS Due to the lack of a common acceptable model across all countries, namely the same numbers of factors (i.e., dimensional invariance), it was not possible to perform the metric and scalar invariance test, what indicates that the SDQ self-report models tested lack appropriate measurement invariance across adolescents from these seven nations and it needs to be revised for cross-country comparisons.
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Adhikari RP, Upadhaya N, Gurung D, Luitel NP, Burkey MD, Kohrt BA, Jordans MJ. Perceived behavioral problems of school aged children in rural Nepal: a qualitative study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2015; 9:25. [PMID: 26131019 PMCID: PMC4485359 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-015-0061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on child behavioral problems from low and middle income countries are scarce, even more so in Nepal. This paper explores parents', family members' and teachers' perceptions of child behavioral problems, strategies used and recommendations to deal with this problem. METHOD In this study, 72 free list interviews and 30 Key Informant Interviews (KII) were conducted with community members of Chitwan district in Nepal. RESULT The result suggest that addictive behavior, not paying attention to studies, getting angry over small issues, fighting back, disobedience, and stealing were the most commonly identified behavioral related problems of children, with these problems seen as interrelated and interdependent. Results indicate that community members view the family, community and school environments as being the causes of child behavioral problems, with serious impacts upon children's personal growth, family harmony and social cohesion. The strategies reported by parents and teachers to manage child behavioral problems were talking, listening, consoling, advising and physical punishment (used as a last resort). CONCLUSIONS As perceived by children and other community dwellers, children in rural Nepalese communities have several behavioral related problems. The findings suggest that multi-level community-based interventions targeting peers, parents, teachers and community leaders could be a feasible approach to address the identified problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh P. Adhikari
- Research Department, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Kathmandu, Nepal ,Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nawaraj Upadhaya
- Research Department, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dristy Gurung
- Research Department, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nagendra P. Luitel
- Research Department, Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Matthew D. Burkey
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Brandon A. Kohrt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, USA
| | - Mark J.D. Jordans
- Research and Development, HealthNet TPO, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Center for Global Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Atilola O. Cross-cultural child and adolescent psychiatry research in developing countries. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2015; 2:e5. [PMID: 28596853 PMCID: PMC5269637 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders are currently a major source of morbidity among children and youth globally. The bulk of the epidemiological data about childhood mental health morbidity currently comes from the industrialized countries which paradoxically host a small (about 20%) proportion of global children and youth population. As the world seek to generate more data on the mental health of the teeming children and youth population in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), cross-cultural issues need be considered. This consideration is imperative for reasons which include the high level of ethno-diversity in LMICs; the contextual issues in the conceptualization of normal (and abnormal) childhood across cultures, the cross-cultural nuances in risk and protective factors, and the plurality of nature and expression of childhood psychopathology. As much as it is imperative to do so, advancing cross-cultural child and adolescent research in LMICs will need to overcome challenges such as inclusive sampling and cultural validation of instruments developed in the industrialized countries of the West. Funding, technical resources, and publication bias are other potential challenges. These issues are appraised in this narrative review and some ways forward are proffered.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, LagosNigeria
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Stevanovic D, Atilola O, Balhara YPS, Avicenna M, Kandemir H, Vostanis P, Knez R, Petrov P. The Relationships Between Alcohol/Drug Use and Quality of Life Among Adolescents: An International, Cross-Sectional Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2013.773864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kandemir H, Aydemir Ö, Ekinci S, Selek S, Kandemir SB, Bayazit H. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of CRAFFT Substance Abuse Screening Test among adolescents. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1505-9. [PMID: 26150721 PMCID: PMC4484694 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s82232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to validate the CRAFFT diagnostic test, against the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition, Axis 1-based diagnostic inventory in a Turkish population of adolescents. METHOD The 124 adolescents who were 15-18 years old were enrolled to this study. CRAFFT was self-administered. Interviews took approximately 30 minutes, including the DSM-IV diagnostic interview for alcohol/drug dependence. RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 16.653 years (minimum: 15 years, maximum: 18 years). A score of 2 or higher in part B was found to be optimal for detecting youths with substance dependence problems (sensitivity: 0.82; specificity: 0.88) and it was sufficiently discriminative. CONCLUSION The CRAFFT is a valid and reliable instrument for identifying Turkish-speaking youths at risk for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ömer Aydemir
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Salih Selek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sultan B Kandemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Balikligol State Hospital, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Bayazit
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Patel V. Why adolescent depression is a global health priority and what we should do about it. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52:511-2. [PMID: 23608714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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