1
|
Piñeros-Ortíz SE, Urrego-Mendoza ZC, Garzón-Orjuela N, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Social determinants, symptoms and mental problems in adults internally displaced by armed conflict. Soacha, Colombia, 2019. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2024:S2530-3120(24)00022-5. [PMID: 38677942 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterise social determinants of health, mental health problems and potentially problematic symptoms in the adult population displaced by internal armed conflict in Colombia. METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study with a random sample of 98 adults forcefully displaced to Soacha, Colombia, due to internal armed conflict. The Self Report Questionnaire to detect potentially problematic mental health problems and symptoms, and a structured questionnaire on social determinants of health were applied. RESULTS The median age was 38 [interquartile range, 28-46] years, and women predominated (69.39%). The median time since displacement was 36 [16-48] months, and time since settlement in Soacha, 48 [5-48] months. 86.32% survived on less than the minimum wage per month and 93.87% did not have an employment contract. 42.86% and 7.14% reported being owners of their homes before and after displacement, respectively. Upon arriving in Soacha, 79.60% went to primary support networks and 3% to institutions. Before displacement, 16.33% lacked health insurance and 27.55% afterwards. Regarding mental health problems; there were possible depressive or anxious disorders in 57.29%; possible psychosis in 36.73%; and potentially problematic symptoms in 91.66%, being more prevalent and serious in women (p = 0.0025). CONCLUSIONS A deterioration in living conditions and a higher prevalence of potentially problematic mental health problems and symptoms was reported in displaced adult populations settled in Soacha compared to other regions of the country. Analyses with complementary perspectives are required to evaluate these differences.
Collapse
|
2
|
Castañeda-Millán G, Eslava-Schmalbach J. [Trends in motorcycle road deaths in Colombia, 2008-2021Tendências de mortalidade por acidentes de motocicleta na Colômbia, 2008-2021]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e44. [PMID: 38623526 PMCID: PMC11018259 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify trends in motorcycle road deaths in Colombia between 2008 and 2021. Methods An observational and descriptive study of trends in motorcycle road deaths was conducted using official death records from 2008 to 2021. Jointpoint Poisson regression analysis was performed to detect inflection points in mortality rates specific to age, sex, and area of residence. Results A total of 28 200 motorcycle road deaths were identified during the period; 24 271 men and 3 929 women died. Of the deaths, 74.1% occurred in urban areas and 25.9% in rural areas. In rural areas, there was an increasing trend in fatalities in young adults of both sexes during the period. The same occurred in men over 65 years of age. In urban areas, there was an upward trend in fatalities in the age group from 45-64 for both sexes during the period. Only one inflection point was detected, in 2015, showing a downward trend in adolescent females. Conclusion The trend in motorcycle road deaths in Colombia continued to rise during the 2008-2021 period, both in rural areas for young adults and in urban areas for middle-aged adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Patiño-Benavidez AF, Buitrago G, Rozo-Agudelo N, Saldaña-Espinel LE, Gamboa-Garay ÓA, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Bonilla-González C, Guevara-Cruz Ó, Caycedo RE, Junca EG, Sánchez-Pedraza R. Association of Healthcare Fragmentation and the Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Colombia. Value Health Reg Issues 2024; 41:63-71. [PMID: 38241886 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify the association between healthcare fragmentation and survival for patients with colorectal cancer in Colombia. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed using administrative databases, with an electronic algorithm to identify patients with colorectal cancer based on codes. The patients were enrolled between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016. The exposure variable was fragmentation, which was measured based on the number of different healthcare institutions that treated a patient during the first year after diagnosis. Matching was performed using propensity scores to control for confounding, and the hazard ratio for exposure to higher fragmentation was calculated for the matched sample. RESULTS A total of 5036 patients with colorectal cancer were identified, 2525 (49.88%) of whom were women. The mean number of network healthcare institutions for the total sample was 5.71 (SD 1.98). The patients in the quartile with higher fragmentation had the highest mortality rate, 35.67 (95% CI 33.63-38.06) per 100 patients. The comparison of higher and lower quartiles of fragmentation resulted in an incidence rate ratio of 1.23 (95% CI 1.04-1.45; P = .02). Of the 5036 patients, 422 (8.38%) were classified as the exposed cohort (higher fragmentation). The total matched sample consisted of 844 subjects, and an HR of 1.26 (95%CI; 1.05-1.51) was estimated. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to more highly fragmented healthcare networks decreases overall 4-year survival for patients with colorectal cancer in Colombia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Patiño-Benavidez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clíncias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Giancarlo Buitrago
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clíncias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Nicolás Rozo-Agudelo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clíncias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Laura Estefanía Saldaña-Espinel
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clíncias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Óscar Andrés Gamboa-Garay
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clíncias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clíncias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | | | - Óscar Guevara-Cruz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clíncias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rubén Ernesto Caycedo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Edgar Germán Junca
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clíncias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Pedraza
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C, Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clíncias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rosero EB, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Garzón-Orjuela N, Buitrago G, Joshi GP. In Response. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:e53-e54. [PMID: 37973141 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Rosero
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas,
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giancarlo Buitrago
- Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia, Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Girish P Joshi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Las Salas R, Vaca-González C, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Torres-Espinosa C, Figueras A. Tackling potentially inappropriate prescriptions in older adults: development of deprescribing criteria by consensus from experts in Colombia, Argentina, and Spain. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:682. [PMID: 37864147 PMCID: PMC10588094 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potentially inappropriate medication use is prevalent among older adults in primary care, leading to increased morbidity, adverse drug reactions, hospitalizations, and mortality. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool for identifying PIMs in older adults within the primary care setting. The tool is composed of a list of criteria and was created based on consensus among experts from three Spanish-speaking countries, including two from Latin America. METHODS A literature review was conducted to identify existing tools, and prescription patterns were evaluated in a cohort of 36,111 older adults. An electronic Delphi method, consisting of two rounds, was used to reach a formal expert consensus. The panel included 18 experts from Spain, Colombia, and Argentina. The content validity index, validity of each content item, and Kappa Fleiss statistical measure were used to establish reliability. RESULTS Round one did not yield a consensus, but a definitive consensus was reached in round two. The resulting tool consisted of a list of 5 general recommendations per disease, along with 33 criteria related to potential problems, recommendations, and alternative therapeutic options. The overall content validity of the tool was 0.87, with a Kappa value of 0.69 (95% CI 0.64-0.73; Substantial). CONCLUSIONS The developed criteria provide a novel list that allows for a comprehensive approach to pharmacotherapy in older adults, intending to reduce inappropriate medication use, ineffective treatments, prophylactic therapies, and treatments with an unfavorable risk-benefit ratio for the given condition. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the impact of these criteria on health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana De Las Salas
- Department of Nursing, Km5 Via Puerto Colombia, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Claudia Vaca-González
- Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Catalina Torres-Espinosa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Albert Figueras
- Faculty of Medicine, Autonomus University of Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rosero EB, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Garzón-Orjuela N, Buitrago G, Joshi GP. Failure to Rescue and Mortality Differences After Appendectomy in a Low-Middle-Income Country and the United States. Anesth Analg 2023; 136:1030-1038. [PMID: 36728930 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major disparities in complications and mortality after appendectomy between countries with different income levels have not been well characterized, as comparative studies at patient level between countries are scant. This study aimed to investigate variations in postoperative complications, mortality, and failure to rescue after appendectomy between a high-income country and a low-to-middle-income country. METHODS Hospital discharges on adult patients who underwent appendectomy were extracted from administrative databases from Colombia and 2 states of the United States (Florida and New York). Outcomes included major postoperative complications, in-hospital mortality, and failure to rescue. Univariate analyses were conducted to compare outcomes between the 2 countries. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the independent effect of country on outcomes after adjustment for patient age, sex, comorbidity index, severity of appendicitis, and appendectomy route (laparoscopic/open). RESULTS A total of 62,338 cases from Colombia and 57,987 from the United States were included in the analysis. Patients in Colombia were significantly younger and healthier but had a higher incidence of peritonitis. Use of laparoscopy was significantly lower in Colombia (5.9% vs 89.4%; P < .0001). After adjustment for covariates, multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that compared to the United States, Colombia had lower complication rates (2.8% vs 6.6%; odds ratio [OR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.44; P < .0001) but higher mortality (0.44% vs 0.08%; OR, 8.92; 95% CI, 5.69-13.98; P < .0001) and failure to rescue (13.6% vs 1.0%; OR, 17.01; 95% CI, 10.66-27.16; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Despite lower rates of postoperative complications, in-hospital mortality after appendectomy was higher in Colombia than in the United States. This difference may be explained by higher rates of failure to rescue in the low-to-middle-income country (ie, decreased ability of Colombian hospitals to rescue patients from complications).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Rosero
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management' University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giancarlo Buitrago
- Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Girish P Joshi
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management' University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gamboa Ó, Buitrago G, Patiño AF, Agudelo NR, Espinel LS, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Guevara Ó, Caycedo R, Junca E, Bonilla C, Sánchez R. Fragmentation of Care and Its Association With Survival and Costs for Patients With Breast Cancer in Colombia. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2200393. [PMID: 37167575 PMCID: PMC10497266 DOI: 10.1200/go.22.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer care requires a multimodal approach and a multidisciplinary team who must work together to obtain good clinical results. The fragmentation of care can affect the breast cancer care; however, it has not been measured in a low-resource setting. The aim of this study was to identify fragmentation of care, the geographic variation of this and its association with 4-year overall survival (OS), and costs of care for patients with breast cancer enrolled in Colombia's contributory health care system. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative databases. Women with breast cancer who were treated from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015, were included. Fragmentation of care was the exposure, which was measured by the number of different health care provider institutions (HCPIs) that treated a patient during the first year after diagnosis. Crude mortality rates were estimated, survival functions were calculated using the nonparametric Kaplan-Meier approach, and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using multivariate Cox regression model to identify the association of fragmentation with 4-year OS. The association between fragmentation and costs of care was assessed using a multivariate linear regression model. RESULTS A total of 10,999 patients with breast cancer were identified, and 1,332 deaths were observed. The 4-year crude mortality rate was 31.97 (95% CI, 30.25 to 33.69) per 1,000 person-years for the whole cohort, and the highest rate was in the cohort defined for the fourth quartile of the fragmentation measurement (eight or more HCPIs), 40.94 (95% CI, 36.49 to 45.39). The adjusted HR for 4-year OS was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.07) for each HCPI additional. The cost of care is increased for each additional HCPIs (cost ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.26). CONCLUSION Fragmentation of care decreases overall 4-year OS and increases the costs of care in women with breast cancer for Colombia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Gamboa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Giancarlo Buitrago
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Andrés Felipe Patiño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Nicolás Rozo Agudelo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Laura Saldaña Espinel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Óscar Guevara
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Rubén Caycedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Edgar Junca
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Carlos Bonilla
- Fundación CTIC, Centro de Tratamiento e Investigación sobre Cáncer, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ricardo Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Garcés MF, Buell-Acosta JD, Rodríguez-Navarro HA, Páez-Leal MC, Maldonado-Acosta LM, Peralta-Franco JJ, Burgos-Cardenas ÁJ, Ángel-Müller E, Parada-Baños AJ, Parra-Pineda MO, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Escobar-Sarmiento CA, Lacunza E, Caminos-Cepeda SA, Castaño JP, Nogueiras R, Dieguez C, Ruiz-Parra AI, Caminos JE. A longitudinal study of free leptin index in pre-eclamptic pregnancies. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:1083-1094. [PMID: 36950780 PMCID: PMC10098289 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The ratio between circulating levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), the free leptin index (FLI), is used as a marker of leptin resistance. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the FLI in mild pre-eclamptic pregnancies in a nested case-control study within a prospective observational study. Circulating levels of leptin and sOB-R levels rise significantly during pregnancy in healthy (p < 0.05) (n = 46) and pre-eclamptic pregnancies (p < 0.05) (n = 20). Serum levels of leptin were significantly higher in pre-eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies at second and third trimesters of pregnancy (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum levels of sOB-R were significantly lower in pre-eclamptic pregnancies during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy compared to healthy pregnancies (p < 0.05). Moreover, we found that FLI did not vary significantly during pregnancy in healthy women (p > 0.05), while it increases in pre-eclamptic pregnancies (p < 0.05). Indeed, FLI was significantly higher at second and third trimesters of pregnancy in pre-eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies (p < 0.05). In addition, FLI was significantly higher in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed the ability of leptin (AUC = 0.72) and FLI (AUC = 0.67) as a reliable predictor for mild pre-eclampsia during the second trimester of pregnancy. In conclusion, our findings show that FLI were significantly increased in mild pre-eclamptic pregnancies and allowed us to hypothesize that this rise might alter leptin bioavailability and bioactivity which might lead to the sympathetic hyperactivity and the hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Garcés
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - María Carolina Páez-Leal
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Miguel Maldonado-Acosta
- Division of Endocrinology - Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhon Jairo Peralta-Franco
- Division of Endocrinology - Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Edith Ángel-Müller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Arturo José Parada-Baños
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mario Orlando Parra-Pineda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Ezequiel Lacunza
- Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Justo P Castaño
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institute Maimonides for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology (CIMUS), School of Medicine - Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology (CIMUS), School of Medicine - Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ariel Iván Ruiz-Parra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Eduardo Caminos
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Garzón-Orjuela N, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Gil F, Guarnizo-Herreño CC. Plan de seguro de salud: factor que más contribuye a las desigualdades en la mortalidad por COVID-19 en Colombia. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e78. [PMID: 35990530 PMCID: PMC9384892 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo. Cuantificar las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la mortalidad por COVID-19 en Colombia y evaluar en qué medida el tipo de seguro de salud, la carga de enfermedades concomitantes, la zona de residencia y el origen étnico explican estas desigualdades. Métodos. Se analizaron los datos de una cohorte retrospectiva de casos de COVID-19. Se estimó el índice relativo de desigualdad (IRD) y el índice de desigualdad basado en la pendiente (IDP) utilizando modelos de supervivencia con todos los participantes, y estratificándolos por edad y sexo. El porcentaje de reducción del IRD y el IDP se calculó después de ajustar con respecto a factores que podrían ser relevantes. Resultados. Se pusieron en evidencia desigualdades notables en toda la cohorte y en los subgrupos (edad y sexo). Las desigualdades fueron mayores en los adultos más jóvenes y disminuyeron de manera gradual con la edad, pasando de un IRD de 5,65 (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC 95%] = 3,25-9,82) en los participantes menores de 25 años a un IRD de 1,49 (IC 95% = 1,41-1,58) en los mayores de 65 años. El tipo de seguro de salud fue el factor más importante, al cual se atribuyó 20% de las desigualdades relativas y 59% de las absolutas. Conclusiones. La mortalidad por COVID-19 en Colombia presenta importantes desigualdades socioeconómicas. El seguro de salud aparece como el factor que más contribuye a estas desigualdades, lo cual plantea retos al diseño de las estrategias de salud pública.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabian Gil
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garzón-Orjuela N, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Gil F, Guarnizo-Herreño CC. Health Insurance Scheme: Main Contributor to Inequalities in COVID-19 Mortality in Colombia. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:S586-S590. [PMID: 35977331 PMCID: PMC9382140 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To quantify socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 mortality in Colombia and to assess the extent to which type of health insurance, comorbidity burden, area of residence, and ethnicity account for such inequalities. Methods. We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 cases. We estimated the relative and slope indices of inequality (RII and SII) using survival models for all participants and stratified them by age and gender. We calculated the percentage reduction in RII and SII after adjustment for potentially relevant factors. Results. We identified significant inequalities for the whole cohort and by subgroups (age and gender). Inequalities were higher among younger adults and gradually decreased with age, going from RII of 5.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.25, 9.82) in participants younger than 25 years to RII of 1.49 (95% CI = 1.41, 1.58) in those aged 65 years and older. Type of health insurance was the most important factor, accounting for 20% and 59% of the relative and absolute inequalities, respectively. Conclusions. Significant socioeconomic inequalities exist in COVID-19 mortality in Colombia. Health insurance appears to be the main contributor to those inequalities, posing challenges for the design of public health strategies. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S6):S586-S590. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306637).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela is with the Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Javier Eslava-Schmalbach is with the Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, and Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Fabian Gil is with the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. Carol C. Guarnizo-Herreño is with the Departamento de Salud Colectiva, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela is with the Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Javier Eslava-Schmalbach is with the Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, and Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Fabian Gil is with the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. Carol C. Guarnizo-Herreño is with the Departamento de Salud Colectiva, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fabian Gil
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela is with the Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Javier Eslava-Schmalbach is with the Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, and Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Fabian Gil is with the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. Carol C. Guarnizo-Herreño is with the Departamento de Salud Colectiva, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carol C Guarnizo-Herreño
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela is with the Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Javier Eslava-Schmalbach is with the Health Equity Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, and Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia. Fabian Gil is with the Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia. Carol C. Guarnizo-Herreño is with the Departamento de Salud Colectiva, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J. Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology, present and future challenges in its 50th. Colomb J Anesthesiol 2022. [DOI: 10.5554/22562087.e1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
12
|
Moreno-Chaparro J, Piñeros-Ortiz S, Rodríguez-Ramírez L, Urrego-Mendoza Z, Samacá-Samacá D, Garzón-Orjuela N, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Mental health consequences of armed conflicts in adults: an overview. Actas Esp Psiquiatr 2022; 50:68-91. [PMID: 35312994 PMCID: PMC10803861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Armed conflicts (AC) in the world are still active and lead to the growth of violence, with a possible impact on mental health (MH).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Moreno-Chaparro
- Health Equity Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra Piñeros-Ortiz
- Violence and Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Ramírez
- Health Equity Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Zulma Urrego-Mendoza
- Violence and Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Samacá-Samacá
- Health Equity Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Health Equity Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Health Equity Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laverde-López MC, Escobar-Córdoba F, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Validation of the Colombian version of the Karolinska sleepiness scale. Sleep Sci 2022; 15:97-104. [PMID: 35273753 PMCID: PMC8889981 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20220006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, daytime sleepiness is a prevalent condition worldwide. Locally validated instruments for measuring sleepiness are required. The objective of this study was to validate a version of the Karolinska sleepiness scale that was translated into the Spanish spoken in Colombia. Methods Individuals who attended a sleep laboratory for a polysomnography study and people in the general population were included. The validation process was performed in 6 phases: translation and back translation of the original version of the scale (English), face validity (n=13), pilot test (n=20), criteria validity (n=139) by means of polysomnography and the Epworth sleepiness scale, reproducibility (n=34), and sensitivity to change (n=40). Results Regarding its discriminant validity, the Colombian version of the Karolinska sleepiness scale is correlated with the Epworth sleepiness scale, provided that a Mann-Whitney z=2661 (p=0.0078) was obtained. The scale has an acceptable reproducibility, Spearman Rho=0.55 (p=0.0002), and sensitivity to change, as shown through a two-tailed t test (p=0.0000). Conclusions The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale was successfully adapted to the Spanish variation spoken in Colombian and to the conditions of adult Colombians; thus, it constitutes a valid, reliable, and easy to use instrument for the assessment of patients with hypersomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Camila Laverde-López
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Aerospace Medicine Specialty - Bogotá - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia
| | - Franklin Escobar-Córdoba
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry Department - Bogotá - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia
- Fundación Sueño Vigilia Colombiana, Management Office - Bogotá - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia
- Corresponding author: Franklin Escobar-Córdoba E-mail: /
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia - Bogotá - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J, Rosero EB, Garzón-Orjuela N. Global control of COVID-19: good vaccines may not suffice. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2021; 45:e148. [PMID: 34908811 PMCID: PMC8663111 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2021.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has unveiled health and socioeconomic inequities around the globe. Effective epidemic control requires the achievement of herd immunity, where susceptible individuals are conferred indirect protection by being surrounded by immunized individuals. The proportion of people that need to be vaccinated to obtain herd immunity is determined through the herd immunity threshold. However, the number of susceptible individuals and the opportunities for contact between infectious and susceptible individuals influence the progress of an epidemic. Thus, in addition to vaccination, control of a pandemic may be difficult or impossible to achieve without other public health measures, including wearing face masks and social distancing. This article discusses the factors that may contribute to herd immunity and control of COVID-19 through the availability of effective vaccines and describes how vaccine effectiveness in the community may be lower than that expected. It also discusses how pandemic control in some countries and populations may face vaccine accessibility barriers if market forces strongly regulate the new technologies available, according to the inverse care law.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eric B Rosero
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center DallasTexas United States of America University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gómez-Suárez M, Díaz-Rojas JA, Alzate-Posada ML, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Contraceptive Counseling Strategies for Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The Role of Integrating Reproductive Health and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Services to Prevent Perinatal Transmission in Colombia. Value Health Reg Issues 2021; 29:100-107. [PMID: 34906883 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 2 contraceptive counseling strategies in Colombia for women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first integrates (1) reproductive health and HIV services (integrated model [IM]), and the second (2) offers these services separately (non-IM). METHODS Cost-effectiveness analysis from the third-party payer perspective (Colombian healthcare system). A decision analysis tree was used over a 24-month time horizon at a 3% discount rate, considering only direct costs. The outcome was the number of averted HIV perinatal transmission infections. We performed a discrete sensibility analysis and a probabilistic second-order sensitivity analysis with 10 000 iterations (Monte Carlo simulation). RESULTS Compared with the non-IM, the IM prevented 3% additional HIV perinatal transmission infections, with an incremental cost-effectiveness of US dollar 525 and the highest net monetary benefit at the proposed willingness to pay. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, we found a substantial amount of parameter uncertainty that challenges the evidence in favor of the cost-effectiveness of the IM strategy. CONCLUSIONS This study opens the possibility of integrating reproductive health and HIV services for women living with HIV in Colombia. In addition, it raises the necessity to produce additional good quality local empirical evidence to inform better and support the estimation of the economic efficiency of such a model in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Gómez-Suárez
- Public Health Doctoral Program, Health Equity Research Group, Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jorge A Díaz-Rojas
- Pharmacy Department, Science School, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha Lucía Alzate-Posada
- Healthcare and Culture Research Group, Nursing School, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Health Equity Research Group, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Medical School, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aponte-González J, Brown P, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Preferences based interventions to address the use of antibiotics without prescription: A discrete choice experiment. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2021; 19:2401. [PMID: 34621451 PMCID: PMC8455123 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2021.3.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In many countries, concerns have arisen over the population using antibiotics without consulting a physician. This practice can place patients at risk and increase antibiotic resistance in the community. Objective To evaluate individuals' preferences regarding the use of antibiotics. The study also assessed the likely effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing inappropriate use of antibiotics. Methods A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted in Bogotá, Colombia. The attributes were determined by a systematic literature review and four focus group sessions. The DCE included nine factors - cost, time to get attention, level of symptoms, efficacy, safety, among others- and one label -using or not antibiotics. Data analysis was carried out using a generalized multinomial logit (GMNL) model. Marginal probabilities of different sets of attributes' levels were compared to estimate the likely effectiveness of interventions. Results The survey was administered to 222 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. The results suggest that participants preferred not taking antibiotics and having a physician as an advisor, but the probability of inappropriate antibiotic use increased as the waiting time or the cost of receiving advice rose. The pharmacy was the preferred source of antibiotics, and participants chose the pharmacy worker (nonprofessional) as an advisor over the nurse on the phone. In the absence of any interventions aimed at reducing the use of antibiotics, approximately 47.3% of people would misuse antibiotics. This reduces to 26.5% when people perceive the efficacy of the antibiotics as low and the potential risks of self-medicating as high. An alternative model using a nursing service would likely lower inappropriate use of antibiotics. Conclusions Even though people prefer not using antibiotics or visiting a physician in case of disease rather than self-medicating, current access conditions might discourage them from appropriately use antibiotics. The results suggest that interventions that informing people about the risks of self-medication and the low efficacy might significantly reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics. Our results also suggest that programs that empower other health professionals to provide access to antibiotics would likely further lower inappropriate use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Aponte-González
- Pharm, PhD. Professor. Pharmacy Department, School of Sciences, National University of Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia).
| | - Paul Brown
- PhD. Professor Public Health and Health Economics. University of California, Merced. Merced, CA (United States).
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- MD, PhD. Professor. University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia).
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Piñeros-Ortiz S, Moreno-Chaparro J, Garzón-Orjuela N, Urrego-Mendoza Z, Samacá-Samacá D, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Mental health consequences of armed conflicts in children and adolescents: An overview of literature reviews. Biomedica 2021; 41:424-448. [PMID: 34559491 PMCID: PMC8525875 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Armed conflicts affect the mental health of children and adolescents. Their outcomes in these populations have been documented identifying vulnerability and significant biopsychosocial damage as the most common factors. Objective: To identify and synthesize the mental health consequences of armed conflicts in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: We carried out a comprehensive and systematic search of reviews published until July 2019 in the MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and LILACS databases, as well as in additional sources. The information was retrieved and analyzed narratively by describing the characteristics and objectives of the studies and the mental health consequences of armed conflicts in three periods of time: pre-armed conflict, during the armed conflict, and post-conflict. Results. Out of 587 potentially relevant studies, we finally selected 72. In the pre-armed conflict period, we described in detail the psychological experiences and the anticipatory somatic symptoms. During the conflict, we identified regressive, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms such as enuresis, fear, sadness, aggression, hyperactivity, and inattention, among others. Direct mental health consequences such as adjustment disorders, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress were also identified. Finally, in the postconflict period, we referred to the transmission of mental health consequences and resilience processes. On the other hand, we reviewed in depth the potential consequences of armed conflicts on biopsychosocial development, morality, identity, culture, education, and society. Conclusion. The development of mental health consequences due to the exposure to armed conflicts in these populations is a complex process that depends on the stage of the exposure, the length of the conflict, and contextual factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Piñeros-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación Violencia y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Jaime Moreno-Chaparro
- Grupo de Investigación en Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
| | - Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Zulma Urrego-Mendoza
- Grupo de Investigación Violencia y Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia,Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Daniel Samacá-Samacá
- Grupo de Investigación en Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Grupo de Investigación en Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D. C., Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J, Restrepo-Henao A, Guarnizo-Herreño C, Castillo JS, Vega-Romero R, Arbeláez MP, Pardo-Turriago R, Díaz PA, Gaitán-Duarte H, Cantor-Cruz F, Osorio L, Andia T, Gómez-Restrepo C. Reply to the letter to the editor entitled “About the ‘critical reflections’ on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index”. Rev Fac Med 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v69n3.97126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We greatly appreciate the comments made by Rojas-Botero et al.1 on our paper entitled “Critical reflections on the Municipal Epidemiological Resilience Index used for public policy decision-making regarding the control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia”.2
We acknowledge that public health, understood as the well-being of the community, should be the focus of all our efforts as health professionals. In this sense, decision-making amid a major emergency, such as the one we are currently experiencing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a balanced and calm judgment that considers both the general context and local specificities, as well as the best available scientific evidence, that is, evidence that not only supports decisions, but also prioritizes benefits over risks.
Collapse
|
19
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J, Restrepo-Henao A, Guarnizo-Herreño C, Castillo JS, Vega-Romero R, Arbeláez MP, Pardo-Turriago R, Diaz PA, Gaitán-Duarte H, Cantor-Cruz F, Osorio L, Andia T, Gómez-Restrepo C. Reflexiones críticas sobre el Índice de resiliencia epidemiológica municipal utilizado para la toma de decisiones de política pública en el control de la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia. Rev Fac Med 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v69n2.96644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El 2 de junio de 2021, el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia expidió la Resolución 777, mediante la cual se determinan las condiciones para el reinicio de todas las actividades económicas y sociales restringidas. Asimismo, en esta resolución se define el Índice de resiliencia epidemiológica municipal (IREM) como la herramienta para apoyar la toma de decisiones relacionadas con esta reactivación económica en medio del tercer pico epidémico de la COVID-19 en el país. El objetivo de este artículo es hacer un análisis crítico de los aspectos técnicos del IREM y explorar la conveniencia de su implementación como soporte del reinicio de las actividades económicas y sociales propuesto en la resolución. Dentro de este análisis crítico se destaca la falta de una clara definición de resiliencia epidemiológica que se ajuste a la literatura científica. Además, se cuestiona tanto la validez de apariencia, contenido y constructo del índice global, como la validez del constructo de sus dimensiones y, por tanto, la pertinencia de usarlo como herramienta para definir dicho reinicio.
Collapse
|
20
|
Gómez-Restrepo C, Rodríguez MN, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Ruiz R, Gil JF. Self-recognition of mental disorders and mental problems in the adult population from the Colombian National Mental Health Survey. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 50:92-100. [PMID: 34099258 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Mental disorders are very prevalent in the general population. Despite this, it is estimated that only about a third of the people affected is able to recognise problems on their own and to access health services. The aim was to determine the factors associated with the lack of self-recognition of mental problems and disorders in the Colombian population. METHODS The National Mental Health Survey (ENSM-2015) conducted in Colombia identified adults over 18 years that answered 'yes' to the question 'Have you had a mental problem or disorder?', had a positive score in mental disorders measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0, or in mental problems detected by the SRQ-20. A bivariate analysis, as well as a logistic regression, were performed with possible related variables. RESULTS A sample of 10, 870 adults was obtained, of whom 12.25% (1332) had mental disorders and 30.2% (3282) had mental problems. Of those individuals with disorders and problems, 7.9% recognised themselves as affected. The variables associated with self-recognition of disorders or problems were, among others: being female (OR = 1.8; 95%CI, 1.4-2.3), family dysfunction (OR = 1.5; 95%CI, 1.2-2.0), to have experienced a traumatic event (OR = 1.8; 95%CI, 1.4-2.2), illegal substance consumption (OR = 0.5; 95%CI, 0.4-0.7), not being poor (OR = 1.9; 95%CI, 1.2-3.0), and not having chronic illnesses (OR = 1.6; 95%CI, 1.3-2.1). CONCLUSIONS Self-recognition is of great relevance to improve access to care by adults. The results provide associated variables that allow planning interventions that can promote the recognition of mental problems or disorders in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez-Restrepo
- Epidemiología Clínica y Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - María Nelcy Rodríguez
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Ruiz
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jacky Fabian Gil
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Garces MF, Franco - Vega R, Maldonado - Acosta LM, Castro - Pinzón A, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Parada - Banos AJ, Angel–Müller E, Nogueiras R, Dieguez C, Castaño J, Ruiz–Parra AI, Caminos JE. ANGPTL3 Levels in Healthy and Mild Preeclamptic Pregnant Women. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8090253 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Throughout normal pregnancy, different metabolic and hormonal adaptations are presented, among others, significant modifications in the profile of lipids and lipoprotein metabolism. On the other hands, Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) are involved in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism in the fed state by inhibiting the enzyme lipoprotein lipase in oxidative tissues. Objective: Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the profile of serum ANGPTL3 levels during three periods of gestation and three months after delivery. Design, setting and Participants: Serum ANGPTL3 levels were analyzed by ELISA, throughout pregnancy in a case-control study nested within a longitudinal prospective cohort of healthy pregnant (n = 52) and mild preeclamptic women (n = 20), women in the third month postpartum (n = 20) and healthy non-pregnant women (n = 20). The results obtained were correlated with biochemical, hormonal, and anthropometric variables. Results: A significant reduction in ANGPTL3 levels was observed from the first to the third trimesters of pregnancy in healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women when compared with healthy non-pregnant and postpartum women (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in serum ANGPTL3 levels between normal and preeclamptic women. Serum ANGPTL3 levels were positively correlated with triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels in healthy non-pregnant (p<0.05); whereas there were no significant correlations between ANGPTL3 with the same variables in healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women. Besides, there were no significant correlations between serum ANGPTL3 with body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, leptin or HOMA-IR in the study groups described above. Conclusions: The results of the present study show for the first time that ANGPTL3 could be playing a fundamental role in the homeostasis of lipid metabolism throughout gestation. Thus, low levels of ANGPTL3 during pregnancy might favor the accumulation of lipid in oxidative tissues as a deposit of maternal energy source, while preserving glucose and amino acids for the fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gómez-Restrepo C, Rodríguez MN, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Ruiz R, Gil JF. Self-recognition of mental disorders and mental problems in the adult population from the Colombian National Mental Health Survey. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 50:92-100. [PMID: 33734994 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Mental disorders are very prevalent in the general population. Despite this, it is estimated that only about a third of the people affected is able to recognise problems on their own and to access health services. The aim was to determine the factors associated with the lack of self-recognition of mental problems and disorders in the Colombian population. METHODS The National Mental Health Survey (ENSM-2015) conducted in Colombia identified adults over 18 years that answered "yes' to the question 'Have you had a mental problem or disorder?', had a positive score in mental disorders measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) 3.0, or in mental problems detected by the SRQ-20. A bivariate analysis, as well as a logistic regression, were performed with possible related variables. RESULTS A sample of 10, 870 adults was obtained, of whom 12.25% (1,332) had mental disorders and 30.2% (3282) had mental problems. Of those individuals with disorders and problems, 7.9% recognised themselves as affected. The variables associated with self-recognition of disorders or problems were, among others: being female (OR=1.8; 95%CI, 1.4-2.3), family dysfunction (OR=1.5; 95%CI, 1.2-2.0), to have experienced a traumatic event (OR=1.8; 95%CI, 1.4-2.2), illegal substance consumption (OR=0.5; 95%CI, 0.4-0.7), not being poor (OR=1.9; 95%CI, 1.2-3.0), and having chronic illnesses (OR=1.6; 95%CI, 1.3-2.1). CONCLUSIONS Self-recognition is of great relevance to improve access to care by adults. The results provide associated variables that allow planning interventions that can promote the recognition of mental problems or disorders in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez-Restrepo
- Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia; Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - María Nelcy Rodríguez
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Ruiz
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jacky Fabian Gil
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J, Eslava-González L. Deficiencia de yodo en mujeres gestantes indígenas en Colombia: un problema de equidad y de salud pública. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol 2021; 72:7-11. [PMID: 33878809 PMCID: PMC8372766 DOI: 10.18597/rcog.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Gómez-Restrepo C, Malagón NR, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Ruiz R, Gil JF. Associated factors for recognition of mental problems and disorders in adolescents in the Colombian National Mental Health Survey. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) 2021; 50:3-10. [PMID: 33648693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental problems and disorders are prevalent in the adolescent population. It is estimated that around 10% of adolescents have mental disorders that require attention and are generally not recognised as such. The aim was to determine potential factors associated with whether or not mental disorders and problems are recognised in the Colombian population. METHODS Adolescents aged 12 to 17 who said they had been diagnosed with a mental health problem or disorder by a healthcare professional were identified from the National Mental Health Survey conducted in Colombia in 2015. This group was compared with those who scored positive for mental disorders measured by CIDI 3.0 or mental problems detected by SRQ-20. RESULTS A sample of 1,754 adolescents was obtained, of whom 7.3% (n=129) had disorders and 22.6% (n=396) had problems. Of the total with disorders and problems, 13.9% (n=18) of people with disorders and 8.3% (n=33) with problems knew they had them. Bivariate analyses were performed with the possible related variables, and with the results we constructed a multivariate regression model that identified factors associated with the recognition of disorders or problems, such as family dysfunction (OR=2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.5) or counting on family when having financial problems (OR=2.7; 95% CI, 1.0-7.2). CONCLUSIONS Recognition is of great importance for initiating access to care by adolescents. The results provide associated variables which can aid planning of interventions to improve the detection of disorders and problems in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez-Restrepo
- Departamento Epidemiología Clínica y Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Nelcy Rodriguez Malagón
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Profesor titular de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, director del Grupo de Equidad en Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rafael Ruiz
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jacky Fabian Gil
- Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Salas RDL, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Vaca-González C, Rodríguez D, Figueras A. Development of a stepwise tool to aide primary health care professionals in the process of deprescribing in older persons. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2020; 18:2033. [PMID: 33343769 PMCID: PMC7732213 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2020.4.2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a stepwise tool to aid
primary health care professionals in the process of deprescribing
potentially inappropriate medication in older persons. Methods: We carried out a systematic review to identify previously published tools. A
composite proposal of algorithm was made by following the steps from
clinical experience to deprescribe medications. A 2-round electronic Delphi
method was conducted to establish consensus. Eighteen experts from different
countries (Colombia, Spain and Argentina) accepted to be part of the panel
representing geriatricians, internists, endocrinologist, general
practitioners, pharmacologists, clinical pharmacists, family physicians and
nurses. Panel members were asked to mark a Likert Scale from 1 to 9 points
(1= strongly disagree, 9= strongly agree). The content validity ratio,
item-level content validity, and Fleiss’ Kappa statistics was
measured to establish reliability. The same voting method was used for round
2. Results: A 7-question algorithm was proposed. Each question was part of a domain and
conduct into a decision. In round 1, a consensus was not reached but
statements were grouped and organized. In round 2, the tool met consensus.
The inter-rater reliability was between substantial and almost perfect for
questions with Kappa=0.77 (95% CI 0.60-0.93), for domains with Kappa=
0.73 (95%CI 0.60-0.86) and for decisions with Kappa= 0.97
(95%CI 0.90-1.00). Conclusions: This is a novel tool that captures and supports healthcare professionals in
clinical decision-making for deprescribing potentially inappropriate
medication. This includes patient’s and caregiver’s
preferences about medication. This tool will help to standardize care and
provide guidance on the prescribing/deprescribing process of older
persons’ medications. Also, it provides a holistic way to reduce
polypharmacy and inappropriate medications in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana De Las Salas
- BSN, MSc. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia).
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- MD, MSc, PhD. Professor. Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia).
| | - Claudia Vaca-González
- Pharm, MSc. Associate professor. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia).
| | - Dolores Rodríguez
- MD, PhD. Assistant professor. Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona. Barcelona (Spain).
| | - Albert Figueras
- MD, PhD. Professor. Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona. Barcelona (Spain).
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Garzón-Orjuela N, Samacá-Samacá DF, Luque Angulo SC, Mendes Abdala CV, Reveiz L, Eslava-Schmalbach J. An overview of reviews on strategies to reduce health inequalities. Int J Equity Health 2020; 19:192. [PMID: 33115482 PMCID: PMC7594271 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01299-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Governments are incentivized to develop and implement health action programs focused on equity to ensure progress with effective strategies or interventions. OBJECTIVE Identify and synthesize strategies or interventions that facilitate the reduction of health inequalities. METHODS A systematic search strategy was carried out up until August 2019 in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, LILACS, Scopus, Scielo and Epistemonikos. In addition, a snowball strategy was used. Literature reviews (LRs) of experimental and quasi-experimental studies were included. The identified interventions and outcomes were categorized based on the recommendation by the Cochrane group in "Effective Practice and Organization of Care". The quality of the included LRs was evaluated using the AMSTAR 2 tool. RESULTS Four thousand ninety-five articles were identified, of which 97 were included in the synthesis of evidence. Most of the studies included focused on the general population, vulnerable populations and minority populations. The subjects of general health and healthy lifestyles were the most commonly addressed. According to the classification of the type of intervention, the domain covered most was the delivery arrangements, followed by the domain of implementation strategies. The most frequent group of outcomes was the reported outcome in (clinical) patients, followed by social outcomes. CONCLUSION The strategies that facilitate the reduction of health inequalities must be intersectoral and multidisciplinary in nature, including all sectors of the health system. It is essential to continue generating interventions focused on strengthening health systems in order to achieve adequate universal health coverage, with a process of comprehensive and quality care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Grupo de Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Ludovic Reveiz
- Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington DC, USA
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Grupo de Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Garzón-Orjuela N, Samacá-Samacá D, Moreno-Chaparro J, Ballesteros-Cabrera MDP, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Effectiveness of Sex Education Interventions in Adolescents: An Overview. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs 2020; 44:15-48. [PMID: 32048888 DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2020.1713251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this overview was to identify and evaluate the effectiveness of sex education interventions aimed at reducing sexual risk behaviors in adolescents. A search was conducted of systematic reviews in English, Spanish and Portuguese from 1946 until July 2018 in the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Scopus, PsyArticles, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS and additional resources. The extraction and analysis of data was synthesized in a narrative mode describing intervention, population, and key outcomes such as decreased risky sexual behavior, decreases in sexually transmitted infections, and adolescent pregnancy. There were 2289 potentially relevant studies, of which 31 systematic reviews related to adolescent interventions were included. It was demonstrated that interventions involve parents and the community as participants, are based on audiovisual media and school workshops, and their emphasis is on information and training in school. Different reviews framed in methods of psychosocial intervention based on community groups and the home as a fundamental axis were reported. Finally, a large amount of scientific evidence related to the subject was identified. New directions are presented for interventions in sexual education for adolescents based on the combination of actions and techniques, the implementation of digital technology, and socio-cultural and contextual adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Equity-in-Health Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Samacá-Samacá
- Equity-in-Health Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime Moreno-Chaparro
- Equity-in-Health Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J, Garzón-Orjuela N, Martínez NT, Gonzalez-Gordon L, Rosero E, Gómez-Restrepo C. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Burnout Syndrome in Colombian Anesthesiologists. Int J Prev Med 2020; 11:5. [PMID: 32089805 PMCID: PMC7011465 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_150_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is characterized by the presence of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment, and manifests itself in difficulties in the handling of the psychological aspects of personal relationships with patients, by taking a negative attitude toward them. The objective was to evaluate the associated factors and describe the prevalence of burnout in Colombian anesthesiologists. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study. The classification of burnout was carried out using two criteria: the first related to high emotional exhaustion, accompanied by either high depersonalization or low personal accomplishment; the second associated with high emotional exhaustion in conjunction with both high depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. The prevalence and the variables associated with the presence of Burnout were described according to each criterion. RESULTS 19.2% of the respondents were categorized as having burnout according to the first criterion and 9.2% according to the second criterion. The results are consistent regardless of the criterion used to define burnout; the associated factors were the presence of depression, anxiety, the degree of satisfaction with the profession, more than 200 hours worked per month and being an at-risk drinker. Anxiety was found to be associated with increased risk of both criteria 1 and 2 burnout. CONCLUSIONS In line with other studies, the prevalence of burnout among Colombian anesthesiologists varies depending on the burnout criteria. However, a strong correlation was noted with depression, anxiety, low satisfaction with professional career and high number of working hours per month.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación - S.C.A.R.E., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación - S.C.A.R.E., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalie Tamayo Martínez
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina Gonzalez-Gordon
- Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación - S.C.A.R.E., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eric Rosero
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Gómez-Restrepo
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Castañeda Guerrero C, De La Hoz F, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Camerano R, Lemos Luengas E. PIN25 CALIDAD DE REVISIONES SISTEMATICAS CON EVALUACIONES DE COSTO-EFECTIVIDAD DE LA VACUNA CONTRA ROTAVIRUS DE PAISES LATINOAMERICANOS. Value Health Reg Issues 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.08.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
30
|
Moreno-Calderón A, Buitrago-Díaz C, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Díaz Rojas J. HT4 EXPERIENCIAS INTERNACIONALES ACERCA DE LOS CRITERIOS DE DECISIÓN USADOS EN LA PRIORIZACIÓN DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE SALUD. Value Health Reg Issues 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
31
|
Garzón-Orjuela N, Samacá D, Moreno-Chaparro J, Ballesteros M, Eslava-Schmalbach J. PNS21 EFECTIVIDAD DE INTERVENCIONES DE EDUCACION SEXUAL EN ADOLESCENTES: REVISION DE REVISIONES. Value Health Reg Issues 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2019.08.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
32
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J, Garzón-Orjuela N, Elias V, Reveiz L, Tran N, Langlois EV. Conceptual framework of equity-focused implementation research for health programs (EquIR). Int J Equity Health 2019; 18:80. [PMID: 31151452 PMCID: PMC6544990 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-019-0984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implementation research is increasingly used to identify common implementation problems and key barriers and facilitators influencing efficient access to health interventions. OBJECTIVE To develop and propose an equity-based framework for Implementation Research (EquIR) of health programs, policies and systems. METHODS A systematic search of models and conceptual frameworks involving equity in the implementation of health programs, policies and systems was conducted in Medline (PubMed), Embase, LILACS, Scopus and grey literature. Key characteristics of models and conceptual frameworks were summarized. We identified key aspects of equity in the context of seven Latin American countries-focused health programs We gathered information related to the awareness of inequalities in health policy, systems and programs, the potential negative impact of increasing inequalities in disadvantaged populations, and the strategies used to reduce them. RESULTS A conceptual framework of EquIR was developed. It includes elements of equity-focused implementation research, but it also links the population health status before and after the implementation, including relevant aspects of health equity before, during and after the implementation. Additionally, health sectors were included, linked with social determinants of health through the "health in all policies" proposal affecting universal health and the potential impact of the public health and public policies. CONCLUSION EquIR is a conceptual framework that is proposed for use by decision makers and researchers during the implementation of programs, policies or health interventions, with a focus on equity, which aims to reduce or prevent the increase of existing inequalities during implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. Eslava-Schmalbach
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - N. Garzón-Orjuela
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Clinical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - V. Elias
- Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health Department Pan American Health Organization, Washington, USA
| | - L. Reveiz
- Evidence and Intelligence for Action in Health Department Pan American Health Organization, Washington, USA
| | - N. Tran
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E. V. Langlois
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Prieto-Pinto L, Lara-Díaz MF, Garzón-Orjuela N, Herrera D, Páez-Canro C, Reyes JH, González-Gordon L, Jiménez-Murcia V, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Effectiveness assessment of maternal and neonatal health video clips in knowledge transfer using neuromarketing tools: A randomized crossover trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215561. [PMID: 31067282 PMCID: PMC6505891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Audiovisual educational material has been used effectively as a knowledge translation strategy in patient education. Given the need to impact maternal mortality rates, 12 video clips related to maternal and neonatal health information were designed based on the results of a previous systematic review (SR). The content was formulated based on clinical practice guideline recommendations and validated following a formal consensus methodology. This study evaluated the effectiveness of knowledge transfer from the 12 video clips in terms of attention, emotional response, and recall by using neuroscience tools. In a randomized cross-over trial, 155 subjects (pregnant women, non-pregnant women, and men) received random sequences of 13 video clips, including a control video clip. Participants’ attention levels were evaluated through eye tracking, their emotional reactions were monitored by electrodermal activity and pupillary diameter, and their recall was tested via a questionnaire. An analysis was performed to evaluate differences in the groups and between the video clips and the control clip using variance analysis models that considered period, sequence, and carry-over effects. Results revealed that fixation length was greater in women than in men, while the greatest emotional effects occurred in men. All three groups had good recall results, without any significant differences between them. Although the sequencing did influence attentional processes, no carry-over effect was demonstrated. However, a differential effect was noted among video clips in all three outcomes, that is, when adjusted for group, level of education, and having had children. The control clip generated less attention, emotional reaction, and recall than the experimental video clips. The video clips about maternal and neonatal health were shown to be effective in the transference and comprehension of information. Therefore, cognitive neuroscience techniques are useful in evaluating knowledge translation strategies through audiovisual formats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Prieto-Pinto
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - María Fernanda Lara-Díaz
- Departament of Human Communication, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación–S.C.A.R.E., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Dayanne Herrera
- Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación–S.C.A.R.E., Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Psychology, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carol Páez-Canro
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Humberto Reyes
- Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación–S.C.A.R.E., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina González-Gordon
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Viviana Jiménez-Murcia
- Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación–S.C.A.R.E., Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación–S.C.A.R.E., Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aponte-González J, González-Acuña A, Lopez J, Brown P, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Perceptions in the community about the use of antibiotics without a prescription: Exploring ideas behind this practice. Pharm Pract (Granada) 2019; 17:1394. [PMID: 31015877 PMCID: PMC6463418 DOI: 10.18549/pharmpract.2019.1.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The use of antibiotics without prescription is common in Colombia as well as
in other developing countries. The objective of this study is to explore the
attitudes and motivations associated with the use of antibiotics without
prescription. Methods: Focus group sessions were held with residents of Bogotá. Different
socioeconomic groups were approached to identify possible differences of
opinion. A semi-structured interview guide was used to guide the discussion,
with thematic analysis used to identify central themes. Results: In total, 21 people, aged between 25 and 50 years participated in four focus
groups. The results suggest that the use of antibiotics without prescription
is common practice. The main reasons included barriers to access to
prescribed medications due to limited health insurance. Even those with
adequate access to health insurance report being willing to use a treatment
without a prescription if they have confidence in its effectiveness. The
relationship with the physician is important, but pharmacy storekeepers are
also highly trusted. While some participants understood that antibiotics can
cure infections but cause serious adverse events, several misconceptions
about antibiotics therapy were identified. These included a lack of
knowledge of resistance transmissibility among communities. Conclusions: The results have implications for interventions aimed at reducing
inappropriate use of antibiotics, highlighting i) how lack of access to
timely care creates an incentive to self-prescribe, ii) the key role that
pharmacy storekeepers play in the Colombian healthcare system and the need
to include them in interventions, and iii) the misconceptions about
inappropriate use of medications that need to be addressed by educational
programs. These findings provide insights to other countries where
antibiotics misuse is also a problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Aponte-González
- Pharmacy Department, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia).
| | - Angélica González-Acuña
- Pharmacy Department, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia).
| | - José Lopez
- Pharmacy Department, School of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia).
| | - Paul Brown
- Director Public Health and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California. Merced, CA (United States).
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia; & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá (Colombia).
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Buitrago G, Junca E, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Caycedo R, Pinillos P, Leal LC. Clinical Outcomes and Healthcare Costs Associated with Laparoscopic Appendectomy in a Middle-Income Country with Universal Health Coverage. World J Surg 2019; 43:67-74. [PMID: 30145672 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have compared outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA), some clinical and economic outcomes continue to be controversial, particularly in low-medium-income countries. We aimed at determining clinical and economic outcomes associated with LA versus OA in adult patients in Colombia. METHODS Retrospective, cohort study based on administrative healthcare records included all patients who underwent LA or OA in Colombia's contributory regime between July 1, 2013, and September 30, 2015. Outcomes were 30-day mortality rates, ICU admissions rates, length of stay (LOS), and hospital costs provided until discharge. Propensity score matching techniques were used to balance the baseline characteristics of patients (age, sex, comorbidities based on the Charlson index, insurer, and geographic location) and to estimate the average treatment effect (ATE) of LA as compared to OA over outcomes. RESULTS A total of 65,625 subjects were included, 92.9% underwent OA and 7.1% LA. For the entire population, 30-day mortality was 0.74 per 100 appendectomies (95% CI 0.67-0.81), the mean and median LOS were 3.83 days and 1 day, respectively, and the ICU admissions rate during the first 30 days was 7.92% (95% CI 7.71-8.12). The ATE shows an absolute difference in the mortality rate after 30 days of -0.35 per 100 appendectomies (p = 0.023), in favor of LA. No effects on ICU admissions or LOS were identified. LA was found to increase costs by 514.13 USD on average, with total costs of 772.78 USD for OA and 1286.91 USD for LA (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In Colombia's contributory regime, LA is associated with lower 30-day mortality rate and higher hospital costs as compared to OA. No differences are found in ICU admissions or LOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Buitrago
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Edificio 471, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Edgar Junca
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Edificio 471, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Edificio 471, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ruben Caycedo
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Edificio 471, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pilar Pinillos
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Edificio 471, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Carlos Leal
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 N° 26-85, Edificio 471, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Peralta-Pizza
- Universidad del Valle; Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery; Santiago de Cali Colombia
| | - David C Pinzón
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Clinical Research Institute; Carrera 30 45-03 School of Medicine, First Floor Bogota D.C. Colombia 111321
| | - Hernando G Gaitán
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Carrera 30 No. 45-03 Bogota Colombia
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Instituto de Investigaciones Clinicas, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia; Ciudad Universitaria, Carrera 30 Calle 45 Facultad de Medicina, oficina 107 Bogotá Cundinamarca Colombia 11001000
| | - Nelcy Rodriguez-Malagon
- National University of Colombia; Department of Statistics, School of Sciences; Carrera 30, Calle 45, Edificio 405 Bogotá, D.C. Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Garzón-Orjuela N, Melgar-Quiñónez H, Eslava-Schmalbach J. [Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) in Colombia, Guatemala, and México.]. Salud Publica Mex 2018; 60:510-519. [PMID: 30550112 DOI: 10.21149/9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the psychometric characteristics of the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and the grade of similitude or difference among Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico during three years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Psychometric comparison using the Rasch model to calculate the relative severity of each item in FIES, INFIT and contrast in the Differential Functioning of Items (c-DIF). RESULTS The majority of items showed a relative severity corresponding to the theoretical construct and acceptably fit the model (INFIT=0.7-1.3). No c-DIF above 1.0 logit was observed in the comparison men vs women. In the comparison among countries by year 87% of the items showed c-DIF below 0.5 logit. CONCLUSIONS The FIES presents psychometric characteristics corresponding to the theoretical construct of the tool. Future studies with the inclusion of more countries and more time points are essential to evaluate the relative severity, behavior and distribution of items.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. Colombia
| | - Hugo Melgar-Quiñónez
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University. Montreal. Canadá
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá. Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rosero EB, Ozayar E, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Minhajuddin A, Joshi GP. Effects of Increasing Airway Pressures on the Pressure of the Endotracheal Tube Cuff During Pelvic Laparoscopic Surgery. Anesth Analg 2018; 127:120-125. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
39
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J, Garzón-Orjuela N, Elias V, Reveiz L. [Incorporating health equity into implementation research: review of conceptual modelsIncorporação da igualdade em saúde na pesquisa de implementação: revisão de modelos conceituais]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017; 41:e126. [PMID: 31384259 PMCID: PMC6645188 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Search for conceptual frameworks or models that incorporate aspects of health equity into implementation research and prepare a systematic synthesis of them. METHODS A systematic search was done of MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, and LILACS (1965-2016), and Scopus (1998-2016) databases, employing, in addition, a snowball strategy and gray literature search. Article type was assessed, along with elements that were included on implementation research, the science of implementation, and health equity. RESULTS A total of 701 articles were found, of which 100 were included for review of relevance. Of these, 19 articles related to conceptual frameworks: 12 were general, five were on ethnic or racial disparities, and two related to child health. The most frequent categories were financing, infrastructure, advocacy, quality, internal barriers, and coverage. The least frequent were other sectors, outpatient needs, health status, and equity impact assessment. CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce health gaps and with them health inequities, it becomes necessary to have a consolidated implementation research framework that includes aspects of health equity. This framework would facilitate improving implementation processes for interventions, services, and health programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de ColombiaGrupo de Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombiaHospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Grupo de Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Nathaly Garzón-Orjuela
- Hospital Universitario Nacional de ColombiaGrupo de Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotáColombiaHospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Grupo de Equidad en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Vanessa Elias
- Organización Panamericana de la SaludOrganización Panamericana de la SaludWashington, D.C.Estados Unidos de AméricaOrganización Panamericana de la Salud, Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos de América.
| | - Ludovic Reveiz
- Organización Panamericana de la SaludOrganización Panamericana de la SaludWashington, D.C.Estados Unidos de AméricaOrganización Panamericana de la Salud, Washington, D.C., Estados Unidos de América.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J, Mosquera P, Alzate JP, Pottie K, Welch V, Akl EA, Jull J, Lang E, Katikireddi SV, Morton R, Thabane L, Shea B, Stein AT, Singh J, Florez ID, Guyatt G, Schünemann H, Tugwell P. Considering health equity when moving from evidence-based guideline recommendations to implementation: a case study from an uppermiddle income country on the GRADE approach. Health Policy Plan 2017; 32:1492. [PMID: 29117368 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czx158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
41
|
Eslava-Schmalbach J, Mosquera P, Alzate JP, Pottie K, Welch V, Akl EA, Jull J, Lang E, Katikireddi SV, Morton R, Thabane L, Shea B, Stein AT, Singh J, Florez ID, Guyatt G, Schünemann H, Tugwell P. Considering health equity when moving from evidence-based guideline recommendations to implementation: a case study from an upper-middle income country on the GRADE approach. Health Policy Plan 2017; 32:1484-1490. [PMID: 29029068 PMCID: PMC5886248 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czx126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of evidence-based guidelines does not ensure their implementation and use in clinical practice or policy making. Inequities in health have been defined as those inequalities within or between populations that are avoidable, unnecessary and also unjust and unfair. Evidence-based clinical practice and public health guidelines ('guidelines') can be used to target health inequities experienced by disadvantaged populations, although guidelines may unintentionally increase health inequities. For this reason, there is a need for evidence-based clinical practice and public health guidelines to intentionally target health inequities experienced by disadvantaged populations. Current guideline development processes do not include steps for planned implementation of equity-focused guidelines. This article describes nine steps that provide guidance for consideration of equity during guideline implementation. A critical appraisal of the literature followed by a process to build expert consensus was undertaken to define how to include consideration of equity issues during the specific GRADE guideline development process. Using a case study from Colombia we describe nine steps that were used to implement equity-focused GRADE recommendations: (1) identification of disadvantaged groups, (2) quantification of current health inequities, (3) development of equity-sensitive recommendations, (4) identification of key actors for implementation of equity-focused recommendations, (5) identification of barriers and facilitators to the implementation of equity-focused recommendations, (6) development of an equity strategy to be included in the implementation plan, (7) assessment of resources and incentives, (8) development of a communication strategy to support an equity focus and (9) development of monitoring and evaluation strategies. This case study can be used as model for implementing clinical practice guidelines, taking into account equity issues during guideline development and implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Equity-in-Health Group, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 30 45-03, University Campus, Bogota, Colombia
- Technology Development Centre, Colombian Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (S.C.A.R.E.), Carrera 15A 120-74, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Paola Mosquera
- Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Juan Pablo Alzate
- Equity-in-Health Group, Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose Avenue, Room 312, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada
| | - Vivian Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose Avenue, Room 312, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107, 2020 Lebanon
| | - Janet Jull
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose Avenue, Room 312, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada
| | - Eddy Lang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Rachel Morton
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia
| | | | - Bev Shea
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Airton T Stein
- Public Health Ufcspa, Ulbra, HTA of Conceicao Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Medicine Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ivan D Florez
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Escobar-Córdoba F, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Cote-Menéndez M. The Journal of the Faculty of Medicine implements a transition process to publish articles in English. Rev Fac Med 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v65n2.68420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
La Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, con una historia de publicaciones que inició en 1932, ha experimentado interesantes cambios en la última década, logrando una mayor visibilidad e impacto en el ámbito nacional e internacional. Así mismo, ha logrado mantener la periodicidad de su publicación e ingresar a índices bibliográficos citacionales importantes. En la actualidad, se reconoce que las revistas biomédicas publicadas en inglés adquieren con frecuencia un mayor factor de impacto y se posicionan en mejores puestos en los rankings de publicaciones científicas en español, brindando así prestigio a las instituciones que las soportan (1). Dado este panorama, la revista tiene como objetivo a mediano plazo realizar sus publicaciones solo en inglés, lo que conlleva a una serie de cambios estructurales en la gestión editorial y en el soporte académico administrativo suficiente para hacerlo posible, de tal manera que se mantenga el número de artículos científicos publicados de excelente calidad, pero con una mayor visibilidad internacional y, por ende, posibilidad de citación de sus resultados.
Collapse
|
43
|
Escobar-Córdoba F, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Evaluación del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) mediante instrumentos de medición como escalas y fórmulas matemáticas. Rev Fac Med 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v65n1sup.59561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
La psicometría del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) se puede proporcionar con el uso de variados métodos de evaluación como entrevistas clínicas, escalas, cuestionarios de sueño, autoregistros y registros psicofisiológicos. La prueba de oro para el diagnóstico de esta enfermedad sigue siendo la polisomnografía, la cual puede llegar a tener altos costos y dificultades para acceder al estudio. Debido a la alta morbimortalidad asociada a este síndrome, se requieren instrumentos que permitan la identificación rápida de individuos que puedan estar en riesgo de padecerlo. Por tales motivos, se han desarrollado herramientas que permiten detectar los pacientes en riesgo de presentar SAHOS, tales como el Cuestionario de Berlín, el STOP-Bang y la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth. Es importante tener en cuenta los alcances y limitaciones de estas herramientas para escoger el instrumento indicado según lo que se desee evaluar.
Collapse
|
44
|
Akl EA, Welch V, Pottie K, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Darzi A, Sola I, Katikireddi SV, Singh J, Murad MH, Meerpohl J, Stanev R, Lang E, Matovinovic E, Shea B, Agoritsas T, Alexander PE, Snellman A, Brignardello-Petersen R, Gloss D, Thabane L, Shi C, Stein AT, Sharaf R, Briel M, Guyatt G, Schünemann H, Tugwell P. GRADE equity guidelines 2: considering health equity in GRADE guideline development: equity extension of the guideline development checklist. J Clin Epidemiol 2017; 90:68-75. [PMID: 28499847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide guidance for guideline developers on how to consider health equity at key stages of the guideline development process. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Literature review followed by group discussions and consensus building. RESULTS The key stages at which guideline developers could consider equity include setting priorities, guideline group membership, identifying the target audience(s), generating the guideline questions, considering the importance of outcomes and interventions, deciding what evidence to include and searching for evidence, summarizing the evidence and considering additional information, wording of recommendations, and evaluation and use. We provide examples of how guidelines have actually considered equity at each of these stages. CONCLUSION Guideline projects should consider the aforementioned suggestions for recommendations that are equity sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elie A Akl
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon; Department of Medicine, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon; AUB GRADE Center, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Vivian Welch
- Bruyére Research Institute, Bruyére Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, Bruyère St., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 5C8, Canada
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, 43 Bruyère St, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 5C8, Canada
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Group of Equity in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Edif. Uriel Gutiérrez, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiologia y Reanimacion, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y ReanimaciónCra, 15 A No 120-74, Piso 4y5, Edif. Concord Center, Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrea Darzi
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon; AUB GRADE Center, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Ivan Sola
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, Pavelló 18, planta 0, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- Public Health MRC/CSO Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 200, Renfield Street, Glasgow G2 3QB, Scotland
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Birmingham VA Medical Center, 700 19th St S, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - M Hassan Murad
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-based Practice Center, Preventive Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Joerg Meerpohl
- Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité-U1153, Inserm/Université Paris Descartes, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France; Cochrane France, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre Dame, 75181 Paris, Cedex 04, France; Cochrane Germany, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roger Stanev
- Institute of Technology, University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Eddy Lang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Matovinovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Su Thep, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Beverley Shea
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Thomas Agoritsas
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W.Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W. Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Paul E Alexander
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W.Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W. Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Romina Brignardello-Petersen
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W.Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W. Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Evidence Based Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago 1058, Chile
| | - David Gloss
- Department of Neurology, Charleston Area Medical Center, 1201 Washington Street East, Suite 100, Charleston, WV 25301, USA
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W.Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W. Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Chunhu Shi
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Airton T Stein
- Public Health Ufcspa, Ulbra and Conceicao Hospital, Av. Farroupilha, 8001, Bairro São José, Canoas (RS), Brasil
| | - Ravi Sharaf
- Long Island Jewish Medical Center North Shore University Hospital, 270-05 76th Ave, Queens, NY 11040, USA
| | - Matthias Briel
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W.Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W. Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W.Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, 1280 Main St., W. Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster GRADE Center, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Peter Tugwell
- The Centre for Global Health, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Welch VA, Akl EA, Pottie K, Ansari MT, Briel M, Christensen R, Dans A, Dans L, Eslava-Schmalbach J, Guyatt G, Hultcrantz M, Jull J, Katikireddi SV, Lang E, Matovinovic E, Meerpohl JJ, Morton RL, Mosdol A, Murad MH, Petkovic J, Schünemann H, Sharaf R, Shea B, Singh JA, Solà I, Stanev R, Stein A, Thabaneii L, Tonia T, Tristan M, Vitols S, Watine J, Tugwell P. GRADE equity guidelines 3: considering health equity in GRADE guideline development: rating the certainty of synthesized evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 2017; 90:76-83. [PMID: 28389397 PMCID: PMC5680526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this paper is to describe a conceptual framework for how to consider health equity in the Grading Recommendations Assessment and Development Evidence (GRADE) guideline development process. Study Design and Setting Consensus-based guidance developed by the GRADE working group members and other methodologists. Results We developed consensus-based guidance to help address health equity when rating the certainty of synthesized evidence (i.e., quality of evidence). When health inequity is determined to be a concern by stakeholders, we propose five methods for explicitly assessing health equity: (1) include health equity as an outcome; (2) consider patient-important outcomes relevant to health equity; (3) assess differences in the relative effect size of the treatment; (4) assess differences in baseline risk and the differing impacts on absolute effects; and (5) assess indirectness of evidence to disadvantaged populations and/or settings. Conclusion The most important priority for research on health inequity and guidelines is to identify and document examples where health equity has been considered explicitly in guidelines. Although there is a weak scientific evidence base for assessing health equity, this should not discourage the explicit consideration of how guidelines and recommendations affect the most vulnerable members of society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa and Bruyère Continuing Care, 85 Primrose Ave, Ottawa K1R 7G5, Canada.
| | - Elie A Akl
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box: 11-0236, Riad-El-Solh Beirut, 1107 2020 Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kevin Pottie
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa and Bruyère Continuing Care, 85 Primrose Ave, Ottawa K1R 7G5, Canada; Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, WHO and EU ECDC Consultant
| | - Mohammed T Ansari
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Room 101, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa ON K1G 5Z3 Canada
| | - Matthias Briel
- Department of Clinical Research, Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 12, Basel 4031, Switzerland; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Robin Christensen
- Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonio Dans
- Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Leonila Dans
- Department of Pediatrics, University of the Philippines-Manila, Taft Ave, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- Group of Equity in Health, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiologia y Reanimacion -S.C.A.R.E. Cra 30 45-03, Bogota 111321, Colombia
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Department of Medicine, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Room HSC-2C12, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Monica Hultcrantz
- Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU), S:t Eriksgatan 117, Stockholm SE-102 33, Sweden; Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Janet Jull
- Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose Avenue, Room 312, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7G5
| | | | - Eddy Lang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | | | - Joerg J Meerpohl
- Cochrane Germany, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 153, Freiburg 79110, Germany; Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité - U1153, Inserm / Université Paris Descartes, Cochrane France, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, 1, place du Parvis Notre-Dame, Paris 75004, France
| | - Rachael L Morton
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Medical Foundation Building Level 6, 92-94 Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Annhild Mosdol
- Knowledge Centre for the Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 4404, Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Hassan Murad
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer Petkovic
- Bruyère Research Institute & University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7G5
| | - Holger Schünemann
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University Health Sciences Centre, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi Sharaf
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northwell Health/Hofstra University School of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Research Building B202, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Bev Shea
- Bruyère Research Institute and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jasvinder A Singh
- Medicine Service, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 700, 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; Department of Medicine at School of Medicine and the Division of Epidemiology at School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 Second Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ivan Solà
- Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP-IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Stanev
- Institute of Technology, University of Washington, 1900 Commerce St., Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | - Airton Stein
- Public Health Department - Universidade Federal de Ciencias da Saude de Porto Alegre (Ufcspa), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, CEP - CEP 90050-170 and HTA of Conceicao Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lehana Thabaneii
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Thomy Tonia
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Niesenweg 6, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Mario Tristan
- IHCAI Foundation & Cochrane Central America & Spanish speaking Caribbean, Av 7. calles 35 y 37, No 35 30, Codigo Postal 10106, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Sigurd Vitols
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joseph Watine
- Laboratory Medicine, Hôpital La Chartreuse, avenue Caylet, F-12200, Villefranche-de-Rouergue, France
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rincón CJ, Pinzón CE, Villada AC, Castillo JS, Reveiz L, Elias V, Eslava-Schmalbach J. [Composite Index of health Inequity for a Middle Income Country]. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota) 2017; 19:250-258. [PMID: 30183969 DOI: 10.15446/rsap.v19n2.63850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a composite index of health inequity based on mortality by grouped causes. METHODS An ecological study in a middle-income Latin American country, with aggregate indicators available from municipalities and departments, which were selected from health observatories, research groups and health authorities. They were divided into intolerable and "not completely avoidable" according to current scientific progress, and were added in categories: traffic accident, aggression, kidney disease, HIV infection, intestinal parasitic diseases, syphilis, fecal / oral transmission disease, tuberculosis, disease Vector-borne diseases, respiratory disease, cerebral hemorrhagic / ischemic events, maternal mortality, lower mortality 5 years, meningitis. After analysis of main components, a composite index of health inequity (IIS) is obtained for men and women. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Concurrent validation was done with proportion of people in Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN), Human Development Index (HDI), Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB), among others. RESULTS IIS is built showing higher values for women in most municipalities and departments; And for sites with high HDI, high LEB and low UBN. Cronbach's alpha was 0.6688, IIS-men and 0.725, IIS-women. CONCLUSIONS An IIS was obtained, is valid and reproducible. The role of big cities in inequities in health is highlighted, probably due to the effect of intolerable health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Rincón
- C.R.: Estadístico. M. Sc. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Carlos E Pinzón
- C.P.: MD. Ph. D., M. Sc. Instituto de Evaluación Tecnológica en Salud. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia,
| | - Adriana C Villada
- A.V.: Psicóloga. MPH. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Juan S Castillo
- J.C.: MD. M, Sc., MPH. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ludovic Reveiz
- L.R.: MD. Ph, D., M. Sc. Oficina de Gestión de Conocimiento, Bioética e Investigación, Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Washington, Estados Unidos.
| | - Vanessa Elias
- V.E.: Economista. MPH. Oficina de Gestión de Conocimiento, Bioética e Investigación, Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Washington, Estados Unidos.
| | - Javier Eslava-Schmalbach
- J.E.: MD. Ph. D., M. Sc. Grupo de Equidad en Salud. Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Technology Development Center, Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación -S.C.A.R.E. Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Amaya-Arias AC, Cortés ML, Franco D, Mojica JD, Hernández S, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Safe behaviours and acceptance of the use of checklists in urban obstetric units in Colombia. Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcae.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
48
|
Amaya-Arias AC, Cortés ML, Franco D, Mojica JD, Hernández S, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Comportamientos seguros y aceptación de listas de verificación en unidades de ginecobstetricia de tresinstituciones de áreas urbanas de Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rca.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
49
|
Sánchez-Bello NF, Galván-Villamarín JF, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Producción científica en las facultades de Medicina en Colombia en el periodo 2001-2015. Rev Fac Med 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v64n4.59467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. El crecimiento en el número de facultades de Medicina en Colombia ha sido acelerado y sin un estricto control por parte del Estado, por lo que existen muchos aspectos cuestionados, incluyendo su capacidad para generar investigación y nuevo conocimiento.Objetivo. Describir la producción científica generada desde el año 2001 hasta el 2015 en el área de medicina por las universidades colombianas.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal revisando la producción científica de los últimos 15 años en la base de datos SCOPUS para las 62 facultades de Medicina registradas ante el Ministerio de Educación Nacional.Resultados. El total de publicaciones científicas en el periodo de observación fue 14 167. Las cinco instituciones con el mayor número de publicaciones fueron Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Universidad del Valle, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario. Las 10 primeras facultades generaron el 78.5% del total de publicaciones.Conclusiones. El volumen de producción científica identificada se concentra en unas pocas facultades de Medicina. Los resultados de este estudio pueden tomarse como un acercamiento a la forma en la que se mide la calidad actual de las instituciones de educación superior en Colombia, en especial en Medicina.
Collapse
|
50
|
Sánchez NF, Bonilla LP, Rodríguez ML, Sandoval G, Alzate JP, Murcia NV, Suárez MC, Luque SC, Arteaga JM, Galván JF, Eslava-Schmalbach J. Frequency of bullying perceived in clinical practices of last year interns of a medicine school: cross sectional study. Rev Fac Med 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v64n3.54003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: During the medical internship year, students attend several hospitals and are observed and influenced by postgraduate students, general practitioners and other interns, who provide them with fundamental support regarding professional training. Bullying is defined as an aggressive behavior that occurs between a perpetrator and a victim in different scenarios and authority relationships, such as clinical practices at Medicine programs.Objective: To describe the perceived frequency of bullying among a group of interns of the Faculty of Medicine from Universidad Nacional de Colombia during internship.Materials and methods: A transversal analytical study was performed through a questionnaire applied to 82 medical interns of the School of Medicine from Universidad Nacional de Colombia.Results: The perceived frequency of bullying was 90%. Statistically significant differences were not found in the stratified analysis by sex or place of practice. In most cases, bullying was perpetrated by other interns, while residents and specialists showed a lower frequency.Conclusion: Perceived frequency of bullying was higher than expected according to the existing literature. These results can be used as a basis for new studies.
Collapse
|