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Koh E, Bruhn C, Ansong D, Budde S, Mann K. Delivery and Impact of Foster Parent Training: Similarities and Differences for Relative and Non-Relative Foster Parents. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024; 29:309-321. [PMID: 37002699 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231168998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Literature on the delivery and impact of foster parent training, such as the Nurturing Parenting Program (NPP), is sparse, particularly for relative foster parents. This study investigates (a) how NPP referral, initiation, and completion rates vary between relative and non-relative foster parents, (b) reasons for not initiating NPP, and (c) changes in parenting attitudes and behaviors for relative and non-relative foster parents after participating in NPP. The study analyzed data from the Illinois Birth to Three (IB3) study for 722 relative and 397 non-relative foster parents of children ages three and younger. Relative and non-relative foster parents had similar NPP referral and initiation rates, but relatives had significantly lower completion rates. Content analysis of case notes for 498 cases showed that relative foster parents more frequently noted barriers (e.g., childcare, transportation) to NPP initiation. Among NPP completers, both groups reported similar levels of improvements in parenting attitudes and behaviors at the end of NPP, but a pattern of lower scores was observed for relative foster parents. The findings suggest a need for more support for foster parents, particularly relative foster parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Koh
- National Catholic School of Social Service, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris Bruhn
- School of Social Work, Aurora University, Aurora, IL, USA
| | - David Ansong
- School of Social Work, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Mann
- Office of Research and Child Well-Being, Illinois Department of Children and Family Services, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Bhutta ZA, Bhavnani S, Betancourt TS, Tomlinson M, Patel V. Adverse childhood experiences and lifelong health. Nat Med 2023; 29:1639-1648. [PMID: 37464047 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the sustainable development goals, the field of global child health has shifted its focus from reducing mortality to improving health, nutrition and development outcomes - often measured as human capital. A growing knowledge of the biology of development and neuroscience has highlighted the importance of adverse environmental exposures, collectively termed adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health outcomes. ACEs are associated with short-term, medium-term and long-term negative consequences for health and development and their effects may be multiplicative, especially during critical periods of sensitivity and developmental plasticity. Some of these effects are compounded by emerging global threats such as climate change, conflict and population displacement. In this Review, we discuss the key mechanisms linking ACEs to health outcomes and consider promising strategies to prevent and mitigate their effects, highlighting evidence from programs in low-income and middle-income countries. Finally, we emphasize the need for early recognition of ACEs and delivery of packages of interventions spanning key sectors such as health, education, women's empowerment and social protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute for Global Health & Development, The Aga Khan University, South Central Asia, East Africa, United Kingdom, and Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | | | - Mark Tomlinson
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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McWey LM. Systemic interventions for traumatic event exposure: A 2010-2019 decade review. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2022; 48:204-230. [PMID: 34418120 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trauma exposure is a pervasive issue worldwide. People exposed to traumatic events may develop PTSD, depression, anxiety, and other mental health symptoms. Family and intimate partner relationship problems also are frequently associated with trauma exposure. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic research synthesis of the empirical evidence on systemic interventions for traumatic event exposure from 2010 to 2019. A search of peer-reviewed research resulted in 31 articles that met inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Systemic interventions were grouped by modality (e.g., parent-child, couple, group). The collective evidence was strongest for systemic youth-caregiver interventions, group, and couple treatment categories for traumatic event exposure. Youth-centered interventions that included various combinations of family member participation can be considered probably efficacious. Overall, results indicated that systemic interventions for traumatic event exposure were successful in reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms including PTSD, depression, and anxiety, and improving relational outcomes.
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Cox A, Frederico M, Mosse H, Radford L, Ambry D, Ryan C. Australian Maltreated Infants and Young Children Can Achieve Positive Relational Health With Neurodevelopmentally- and Trauma-Informed Interventions Provided Within Relationally-Positive and Stable Environments. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:680343. [PMID: 34393846 PMCID: PMC8355362 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.680343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Childhood maltreatment such as abuse, neglect and family violence has a profound impact on children's psychological and relational functioning and their lifelong trajectory, with associated adverse physical and mental health outcomes, higher mortality rates and reduced socioeconomic opportunities. The aim of the study was to explore the impact of neurodevelopmentally- and trauma-informed interventions on the relational health of children who have experienced maltreatment. Context: The study was conducted at Berry Street Take Two, an Australian therapeutic service. Take Two provides services to Victorian children aged 0-18 years, to address the impact of the trauma they have experienced from maltreatment. Take Two clinicians use relational and ecological frameworks, neurodevelopmental research and evidence-informed approaches to repair family relationships and develop networks of caring adults that focus on meeting the child's needs. Take Two uses the NMT approach as a framework for clinical intervention-planning and is site-certified in the use of the NMT Clinical Practice tools. Method: The mixed methods study had two components. A cross sectional study of baseline and repeat clinical measure data (HoNOSCA and SDQ) with a cohort of children aged 2-11 years (n = 91), who were clients of Berry Street Take Two between 2014 and 2019, was conducted utilizing SPSS. The quantitative data analysis was supplemented by three case studies of Berry Street Take Two clients, which explored the process of intervention, including intervention type, timing and dosage. The case studies drew on the full case record for each child to illustrate the impact of NMT-informed interventions on the relational health, psychological and behavioral functioning of children. Results: The study found that Take Two intervention was associated with improved relational health, measured by the NMT metric and supported by significant positive changes on the SDQ and HoNOSCA with medium effect sizes (cohen's d). The case study analysis highlighted the importance of intervention addressing individual, family and systems elements to bring about positive change. Conclusions: This study illustrates the value of neurodevelopmental trauma-informed interventions in positively impacting on the relational health and current functioning of maltreated children and the potential to reduce the lifelong impact of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Cox
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Margarita Frederico
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Social Work and Social Policy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering LaTrobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Holly Mosse
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyn Radford
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Dallas Ambry
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Ryan
- Berry Street Take Two Program, Eaglemont, VIC, Australia
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5
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Early school suspensions for children with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Chung G, Ansong D, Brevard KC, Chen DG. Identifying treatment moderators of a trauma-informed parenting intervention with children in foster care: Using model-based recursive partitioning. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 117:105065. [PMID: 33853021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma-informed parenting interventions have been used in child welfare to help caregivers respond to children in trauma-informed ways that can mitigate the effects of maltreatment and build strong caregiver-child relationships. Existing studies support their effectiveness with children and youth involved in the child welfare system. However, to further advance the effectiveness of evidenced-based intervention for child welfare populations, one key step is to identify subgroups of individuals who have different intervention responses or outcomes. OBJECTIVE To identify pre-treatment moderators that can distinguish subgroups of caregivers and children who benefit differently from an intervention. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 414 children in foster care (age 3 or younger) and their caregivers (birth, adoptive, kin, and nonkin) were randomly assigned to receive a trauma-informed parenting intervention in the Illinois Birth through Three Title IV-E waiver demonstration or foster care services as usual. METHODS Model-based Recursive Partitioning (MOB) was used to identify treatment moderators and moderator interactions. MOB fits a parametric model and uses a data-driven method to find subgroups for which the specified parametric model has different parameters. Two parametric models (logistic and linear regression) were used in accordance with two outcomes: reunification (binary) and caregiver-child attachment (continuous). We examined 21 potential pre-treatment moderators in both models. RESULTS For the reunification outcome, the MOB produced the following three treatment moderators, which identified subgroups of participants who responded differently to the intervention: (a) caregivers' relationship with the child (kin vs. non-kin/permanent caregivers), (b) caregiver-child attachment, and (c) case history of physical abuse. For the attachment outcome, caregivers' age was found to be a treatment moderator. Future developments of trauma-informed interventions should consider these moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Chung
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - David Ansong
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kanisha C Brevard
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Ding-Geng Chen
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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7
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Intergenerational Trauma and Its Relationship to Mental Health Care: A Qualitative Inquiry. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:631-643. [PMID: 32804293 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Intergenerational trauma is a discrete form of trauma which occurs when traumatic effects are passed across generations without exposure to the original event. This qualitative study aimed to explore how psychiatrists understand intergenerational trauma in respect to their practice, for the purposes of identifying interventions for addressing intergenerational trauma in public mental health services. Findings revealed that psychiatrists observe intergenerational trauma frequently in their roles and try to opportunistically promote awareness of trauma with adults, and refer families to external services for supportive interventions. They feel powerless when faced with directly intervening with intergenerational trauma and required restructuring of their roles to adequately address it in public settings. Findings have implications for training, advocacy and research on the relationship between trauma and mental illness. Alongside this, there is an indicated need for examination of how systems can ensure access to appropriate services once organisations become trauma-informed.
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8
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McGuire A, Steele RG, Singh MN. Systematic Review on the Application of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for Preschool-Aged Children. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2021; 24:20-37. [PMID: 33428071 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is one of the most widely studied and disseminated treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other comorbid conditions, and has been identified as a "level one" or "well-established" intervention for school-aged children and adolescents. The present systematic review examined the literature on the application of TF-CBT within a preschool-aged population (i.e., children ages three to six), as well as the developmental literature that could increase the efficacy of TF-CBT for preschool-aged children. Information on the use of TF-CBT with preschool-aged children was extracted from randomized controlled trials, case studies, meta-analyses, and other forms of empirical evidence, as part of the evidence-based practice in psychology framework. In comparison to research with school-aged children and adolescents, fewer studies have directly assessed the efficacy of TF-CBT for preschool-aged children who have been exposed to trauma. Given the few studies published to date and difference in treatment protocols for TF-CBT used with preschool-age children, TF-CBT appears to meet criteria as a "level two" or "probably efficacious" intervention for preschool-aged children specifically. According to the available literature, language and cognitive abilities, family context, culture, and clinician expertise are considered as potential variables to address when contemplating the use of TF-CBT for preschool-aged children with symptoms of post-traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austen McGuire
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 2015 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7556, USA.
| | - Ric G Steele
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 2015 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7556, USA
| | - Mehar N Singh
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, 2015 Dole Human Development Center, 1000 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7556, USA
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Chodura S, Lohaus A, Symanzik T, Heinrichs N, Konrad K. Foster Parents' Parenting and the Social-Emotional Development and Adaptive Functioning of Children in Foster Care: A PRISMA-Guided Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2021; 24:326-347. [PMID: 33590373 PMCID: PMC8131300 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-020-00336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Children in foster care (CFC) are at increased risk for negative developmental outcomes. Given the potential influence of foster parents' parenting on the development of CFC, this literature review and meta-analysis provide an initial overview of how parenting factors in foster families relate to CFC's developmental outcomes. We aimed to explore (1) whether foster parents' parenting conceptualizations are related differently to various CFC developmental outcome variables and (2) how characteristics of foster parents and CFC moderate these associations. Following the recommendations of the PRISMA statement, we searched four databases in 2017 (with an update in May 2020). Forty-three primary studies were coded manually. The interrater agreement was 92.1%. Parenting variables were specified as parenting behavior, style, and goals and were distinguished further into functional and dysfunctional parenting. CFC development was divided into adaptive (including cognitive) development and maladaptive development. Meta-analyses could be performed for foster parenting behavior and developmental outcomes, as well as for functional parenting goals and maladaptive socioemotional outcomes in CFC. Associations between functional parenting behavior and adaptive child development were positive and negative for maladaptive child development, respectively. For dysfunctional, parenting effects were in the opposite direction. All effects were small to moderate. Similar results were found descriptively in the associations of parenting style and child developmental outcomes. We found similar effect sizes and directions of the associations between parenting behavior in foster families and the child's developmental outcomes as those previously reported for biological families. These findings provide strong support for the significant role of parenting in foster families regarding children's development in foster care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chodura
- Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, WU Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, University of Bielefeld, P.O. Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Arnold Lohaus
- Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tabea Symanzik
- Developmental Psychology and Developmental Psychopathology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nina Heinrichs
- Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Child Neuropsychology Section, Dept. for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Brain Institute II, Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, RWTH Aachen & Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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10
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Racine N, Hartwick C, Collin-Vézina D, Madigan S. Telemental health for child trauma treatment during and post-COVID-19: Limitations and considerations. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 110:104698. [PMID: 32839022 PMCID: PMC7437482 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented disruptions and stress in the lives of children and families internationally. Heightened family stress and turmoil can increase risk for, and exacerbate, child maltreatment. As a result, child maltreatment experts are concerned that there will be an influx of children requiring trauma assessment and treatment during and after COVID-19. As physical distancing measures have been implemented and will likely persist into 2021, organizations providing trauma treatment to children and their families have had to rapidly pivot to telemental health to maintain service delivery with clients. While the benefits of telemental health have been identified, including reduced barriers to access, increased cost effectiveness, and broad availability of services, there are unique limitations to its implementation within a child maltreatment population, such as challenges with attention and emotion regulation skills, difficulties identifying dissociative symptoms, and increased time with perpetrators of abuse due to shelter in place orders. These limitations are exacerbated for children and families who are most marginalized and facing the highest levels of social and economic barriers. Lack of access to reliable technology, lack of a private or confidential space for sessions, and reluctance to process trauma in the absence of a safe environment, are all barriers to conducting effective trauma treatment over telemental health. This article discusses both the benefits and barriers to telemental health in a child maltreatment population and offers considerations for child trauma service provision, program development, and policy during and post the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Racine
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, 3B2X9, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Cailey Hartwick
- Child Abuse Service, Alberta Children's Hospital, 3820 24 Avenue NW, T2P 2M5, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Delphine Collin-Vézina
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, 3B2X9, Calgary, AB, Canada; Child Abuse Service, Alberta Children's Hospital, 3820 24 Avenue NW, T2P 2M5, Calgary, AB, Canada; School of Social Work, McGill, University, 3506 University Street, Room 321A, Montreal, Quebec, H3A2A7, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, 3B2X9, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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11
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A Narrative Review of the Needs of Children in Foster and Kinship Care: Informing a Research Agenda. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2020.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAs a result of maltreatment, children in care can present with a range of complex needs and challenges. In addition to direct clinical care commonly provided by paediatricians, psychiatrists, and clinical psychologists, the provision of knowledge and skills to foster and kinship carers have become modes of support common in responding to these needs and challenges. A narrative review of key systematic reviews and empirical research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of existing foster carer interventions. Results indicated a range of methodological characteristics that limit our ability to develop a sound, research-driven, evidence base. As a result, we remain limited in our knowledge about which treatments are effective, for which symptoms they are effective, and for which population subgroups they are most likely to be effective. This review provides a summary of identified needs and challenges in the delivery of foster carer interventions. It provides an account of current treatment components and offers a platform for the development and progression of a programme of research in an effort to advance knowledge in the area.
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12
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Community-based interventions to increase dairy intake in healthy populations: a systematic review. Public Health Rev 2020; 41:18. [PMID: 32774990 PMCID: PMC7401205 DOI: 10.1186/s40985-020-00135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the low frequency of dairy intake in the population, interventions aiming to increase its consumption can be a priority for any health system. Objective This study aims to summarize community-based interventions for improving dairy consumption and their effectiveness to help policy-makers in designing coherent public health strategies. Methods This study was conducted in 2019, using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers selected the eligible studies, and the outcomes of interest were extracted. The quality of eligible studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. Results Out of 521 initially identified articles, 25 studies were included. Interventions reported in 19 studies were effective in increasing dairy consumption. Interventions in high-income countries were more effective than those in middle- and low-income countries. Interventions in health centers and supermarkets were more effective than the community and school-level interventions. Interventions in supermarkets and adolescents as target groups were more effective than children, middle-aged people, and the elderly. Also, educational interventions and changing buying/selling pattern were more effective than multiple interventions. Interventions longer than 24 and 48 weeks were more effective than shorter interventions. Conclusion Three policy options including educational interventions, multiple interventions, and changing the purchase pattern are suggested. It seems that applying all of the interventions together can be more effective. Also, long-term and well-designed future studies in different settings are recommended to confirm these results.
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Lorenc T, Lester S, Sutcliffe K, Stansfield C, Thomas J. Interventions to support people exposed to adverse childhood experiences: systematic review of systematic reviews. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:657. [PMID: 32397975 PMCID: PMC7216383 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) such as abuse, neglect or household adversity may have a range of serious negative impacts. There is a need to understand what interventions are effective to improve outcomes for people who have experienced ACEs. METHODS Systematic review of systematic reviews. We searched 18 database sources from 2007 to 2018 for systematic reviews of effectiveness data on people who experienced ACEs aged 3-18, on any intervention and any outcome except incidence of ACEs. We included reviews with a summary quality score (AMSTAR) of 5.5 or above. RESULTS Twenty-five reviews were included. Most reviews focus on psychological interventions and mental health outcomes. The strongest evidence is for cognitive-behavioural therapy for people exposed to abuse. For other interventions - including psychological therapies, parent training, and broader support interventions - the findings overall are inconclusive, although there are some positive results. CONCLUSIONS There are significant gaps in the evidence on interventions for ACEs. Most approaches focus on mitigating individual psychological harms, and do not address the social pathways which may mediate the negative impacts of ACEs. Many negative impacts of ACEs (e.g. on health behaviours, social relationships and life circumstances) have also not been widely addressed by intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Lorenc
- Centre for Reviews & Dissemination, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Sarah Lester
- EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University College London, 18 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0NR, UK
| | - Katy Sutcliffe
- EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University College London, 18 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0NR, UK
| | - Claire Stansfield
- EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University College London, 18 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0NR, UK
| | - James Thomas
- EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University College London, 18 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0NR, UK
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14
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Latzman NE, Casanueva C, Brinton J, Forman‐Hoffman VL. The promotion of well-being among children exposed to intimate partner violence: A systematic review of interventions. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2019; 15:e1049. [PMID: 37131508 PMCID: PMC8356495 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Brinton
- RTI InternationalResearch Triangle ParkNorth Carolina
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15
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McTavish JR, Kimber M, Devries K, Colombini M, MacGregor JCD, Wathen N, MacMillan HL. Children's and caregivers' perspectives about mandatory reporting of child maltreatment: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025741. [PMID: 30948587 PMCID: PMC6500368 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically synthesise qualitative research that explores children's and caregivers' perceptions of mandatory reporting. DESIGN We conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES Searches were conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Education Resources Information Center, Sociological Abstracts and Cochrane Libraries. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA English-language, primary, qualitative studies that investigated children's or caregivers' perceptions of reporting child maltreatment were included. All healthcare and social service settings implicated by mandatory reporting laws were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Critical appraisal of included studies involved a modified checklist from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Two independent reviewers extracted data, including direct quotations from children and caregivers (first-order constructs) and interpretations by study authors (second-order constructs). Third-order constructs (the findings of this meta-synthesis) involved synthesising second-order constructs that addressed strategies to improve the mandatory reporting processes for children or caregivers-especially when these themes addressed concerns raised by children or caregivers in relation to the reporting process. RESULTS Over 7935 citations were retrieved and 35 articles were included in this meta-synthesis. The studies represent the views of 821 caregivers, 50 adults with histories of child maltreatment and 28 children. Findings suggest that children and caregivers fear being reported, as well as the responses to reports. Children and caregivers identified a need for improvement in communication from healthcare providers about mandatory reporting, offering preliminary insight into child-driven and caregiver-driven strategies to mitigate potential harms associated with reporting processes. CONCLUSION Research on strategies to mitigate potential harms linked to mandatory reporting is urgently needed, as is research that explores children's experiences with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R McTavish
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Kimber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Devries
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Manuela Colombini
- Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jennifer C D MacGregor
- Faculty of Information & Media Studies, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Wathen
- Faculty of Information & Media Studies, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Afifi TO, McTavish J, Turner S, MacMillan HL, Wathen CN. The relationship between child protection contact and mental health outcomes among Canadian adults with a child abuse history. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 79:22-30. [PMID: 29407853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a primary response to child abuse, it is currently unknown whether contact with child protection services (CPS) does more good than harm. The aim of the current study was to examine whether contact with CPS is associated with improved mental health outcomes among adult respondents who reported experiencing child abuse, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and abuse severity. The data were drawn from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-2012), which used a multistage stratified cluster design (household-level response rate = 79.8%). Included in this study were individuals aged 18 years and older living in the 10 Canadian provinces (N = 23,395). Child abuse included physical abuse, sexual abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV). Mental health outcomes included lifetime mental disorders, lifetime and past year suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts, and current psychological well-being and functioning and distress. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and severity of child abuse. For the majority of outcomes, there were no statistically significant differences between adults with a child abuse history who had CPS contact compared to those without CPS contact. However, those with CPS contact were more likely to report lifetime suicide attempts. These findings suggest that CPS contact is not associated with improved mental health outcomes. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie O Afifi
- Department of Community Health Sciences and Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Jill McTavish
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - Sarah Turner
- Department of Community Health Sciences and Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Harriet L MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences and Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
| | - C Nadine Wathen
- Faculty of Information & Media Studies, and Research Scholar, Centre for Research and Education on Violence Against Women and Children, Western University, London, Canada.
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17
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Vasileva M, Petermann F, Nitkowski D, Petermann U. Den transgenerationalen Kreislauf der Gewalt durchbrechen. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2018. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die langfristigen Folgen des transgenerationalen Kreislaufs der Gewalt belegen die Notwendigkeit für evidenzbasierte Interventionen, um aggressiv-dissoziales Verhalten von Jugendlichen mit Misshandlungs- und Gewalterfahrungen abzubauen. Es erfolgt ein Überblick über solche Therapieansätze und ihre Wirksamkeit. Es werden etablierte Programme dargestellt, deren Wirksamkeit in randomisierten Kontrollgruppenstudien überprüft wurde. Es existieren wenige manualisierte Therapierogramme, die den Abbau aggressiven Verhaltens bei Jugendlichen mit Misshandlungs- und Gewalterfahrungen evaluieren. Solche Therapierogramme bauen aggressives Verhalten bei Jugendlichen mit traumatischen Erfahrungen effektiv ab. Ihre Effektivität wurde in sehr unterschiedlichen Kontexten beurteilt, was einen Vergleich erschwert. Komponenten, die wiederholt erfolgreich angewandt wurden, waren die Aufklärung und Sensibilisierung gegenüber dem Thema „Gewalt“ und die Aufarbeitung einer Narration, die darauf abzielt, die traumatische Erfahrung in das autobiographische Gedächtnis einzuordnen und eine Habituierung zu fördern. Daraus wird geschlossen, dass eine Bearbeitung von Traumata häufig im Vorfeld notwendig ist, um aggressiv-dissoziales Verhalten zu verringern oder abzubauen. Für einen langfristigen Erfolg im Rahmen des Abbaus von aggressiv-dissozialem Verhalten sind jedoch Therapieverfahren notwendig, die sich spezifisch auf aggressiv-dissoziales Verhalten als primäres und nicht sekundäres Ziel (neben der Traumabewältigung) beziehen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Vasileva
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Dennis Nitkowski
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
| | - Ulrike Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
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18
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Latzman NE, Casanueva C, Brinton J, Forman-Hoffman VL. PROTOCOL: The promotion of well-being among children exposed to intimate partner violence: a systematic review of interventions. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2018; 14:1-19. [PMID: 37131373 PMCID: PMC8427965 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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19
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Dickes A, Kemmis-Riggs J, McAloon J. Methodological Challenges to the Evaluation of Interventions for Foster/Kinship Carers and Children: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2017; 21:109-145. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-017-0248-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Kemmis-Riggs J, Dickes A, McAloon J. Program Components of Psychosocial Interventions in Foster and Kinship Care: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2017; 21:13-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-017-0247-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Abstract
This article examines the intersection of early childhood mental health and trauma. Working definitions, incidence, and prevalence of trauma events for this population are outlined with an emphasis on children younger than age 4 years. Trauma impacts on early childhood development are reviewed, with attention to clinical consequences, protective factors, and resilience. Best practices for assessment, screening tools, and treatment methods are presented based on the current research. Future implications include clinician and researcher partnerships to increase the number of effective screening and intervention tools for addressing trauma in very young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Jonson-Reid
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, Campus Box 1196, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
| | - Ellie Wideman
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, Campus Box 1196, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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22
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Dorsey S, McLaughlin KA, Kerns SEU, Harrison JP, Lambert HK, Briggs EC, Revillion Cox J, Amaya-Jackson L. Evidence Base Update for Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2017; 46:303-330. [PMID: 27759442 PMCID: PMC5395332 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1220309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Child and adolescent trauma exposure is prevalent, with trauma exposure-related symptoms, including posttraumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms often causing substantial impairment. This article updates the evidence base on psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent trauma exposure completed for this journal by Silverman et al. (2008). For this review, we focus on 37 studies conducted during the seven years since the last review. Treatments are grouped by overall treatment family (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy), treatment modality (e.g., individual vs. group), and treatment participants (e.g., child only vs. child and parent). All studies were evaluated for methodological rigor according to Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology evidence-based treatment evaluation criteria (Southam-Gerow & Prinstein, 2014), with cumulative designations for level of support for each treatment family. Individual CBT with parent involvement, individual CBT, and group CBT were deemed well-established; group CBT with parent involvement and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) were deemed probably efficacious; individual integrated therapy for complex trauma and group mind-body skills were deemed possibly efficacious; individual client-centered play therapy, individual mind-body skills, and individual psychoanalysis were deemed experimental; and group creative expressive + CBT was deemed questionable efficacy. Advances in the evidence base, with comparisons to the state of the science at the time of the Silverman et al. (2008) review, are discussed. Finally, we present dissemination and implementation challenges and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzanne E U Kerns
- b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , University of Washington
| | | | | | - Ernestine C Briggs
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | - Lisa Amaya-Jackson
- e Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , Duke University School of Medicine
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23
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Gutermann J, Schreiber F, Matulis S, Schwartzkopff L, Deppe J, Steil R. Psychological Treatments for Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Meta-Analysis. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2017; 19:77-93. [PMID: 27059619 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-016-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Meta-analyses of the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in childhood and adolescence are restricted to specific trauma, selected interventions, and methodologically rigorous studies. This large meta-analysis quantifies the effects of psychological treatments for PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents. An extensive literature search yielded a total of 13,040 articles; 135 studies with 150 treatment conditions (N = 9562 participants) met the inclusion criteria (psychological interventions with children and/or adolescents with PTSD symptoms that report quantitative measures of symptom change). The mean effect sizes (ESs) for PTSD symptoms ranged from large to small, depending on the control condition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) yielded the highest ESs. Age and caretaker involvement were identified as moderators. CBT, especially when conducted in individual treatment with the inclusion of parents, is a highly effective treatment for trauma symptoms. Psychological treatments need to be modified to address younger patients' specific needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Gutermann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schreiber
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Matulis
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laura Schwartzkopff
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Deppe
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Regina Steil
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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24
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Dorsey S, McLaughlin KA, Kerns SEU, Harrison JP, Lambert HK, Briggs EC, Revillion Cox J, Amaya-Jackson L. Evidence Base Update for Psychosocial Treatments for Children and Adolescents Exposed to Traumatic Events. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [PMID: 27759442 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Child and adolescent trauma exposure is prevalent, with trauma exposure-related symptoms, including posttraumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms often causing substantial impairment. This article updates the evidence base on psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent trauma exposure completed for this journal by Silverman et al. (2008). For this review, we focus on 37 studies conducted during the seven years since the last review. Treatments are grouped by overall treatment family (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy), treatment modality (e.g., individual vs. group), and treatment participants (e.g., child only vs. child and parent). All studies were evaluated for methodological rigor according to Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology evidence-based treatment evaluation criteria (Southam-Gerow & Prinstein, 2014), with cumulative designations for level of support for each treatment family. Individual CBT with parent involvement, individual CBT, and group CBT were deemed well-established; group CBT with parent involvement and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) were deemed probably efficacious; individual integrated therapy for complex trauma and group mind-body skills were deemed possibly efficacious; individual client-centered play therapy, individual mind-body skills, and individual psychoanalysis were deemed experimental; and group creative expressive + CBT was deemed questionable efficacy. Advances in the evidence base, with comparisons to the state of the science at the time of the Silverman et al. (2008) review, are discussed. Finally, we present dissemination and implementation challenges and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Suzanne E U Kerns
- b Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science , University of Washington
| | | | | | - Ernestine C Briggs
- c Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University School of Medicine
| | | | - Lisa Amaya-Jackson
- e Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences , Duke University School of Medicine
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25
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Fraser JG. Bridging the gap between implementation science and parenting intervention. Am J Public Health 2013; 103:e11-2. [PMID: 23947327 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Goldman Fraser
- Jenifer Goldman Fraser is with the Child Witness to Violence Program, Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
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26
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Murphy RA, Fairbank JA. Implementation and Dissemination of Military Informed and Evidence-Based Interventions for Community Dwelling Military Families. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2013; 16:348-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-013-0149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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