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Ćirin D, Milutinov J, Krstonošić V. Occurrence of alkyl glucosides in rinse-off cosmetics marketed as hypoallergenic or for sensitive skin. Toxicol Ind Health 2024; 40:306-311. [PMID: 38575135 DOI: 10.1177/07482337241245152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Rinse-off cosmetic products, primarily shampoos, are frequently implicated in the onset of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by alkyl glucosides (AGs). AGs are increasingly popular surfactants and known contact allergens. Glucoside-induced ACD was most frequently observed with shampoos and skin-cleansing products in both consumer and occupational settings. Thereby, studies have shown that atopic individuals are the most susceptible to ACD. Also, several investigations have indicated that individuals with sensitive skin might be more prone to skin allergies. This is why the presence of AGs was investigated in shampoos and body cleansers marketed as hypoallergenic or for sensitive skin. For this purpose, the website of Amazon.com was surveyed. Four groups of cosmetics were obtained by using the following keywords: "hypoallergenic shampoo for adults," "sensitive skin shampoo for adults," "hypoallergenic body cleanser for adults," and "sensitive skin body cleanser for adults." The first 30 best-selling cosmetics in each group were investigated for the presence of AGs, by analyzing the product information pages. The results showed that as much as 56.7% of hypoallergenic shampoos contained AGs, as ingredients, whereas the percentage was somewhat lower for other product categories. Even though decyl and lauryl glucoside were nearly ubiquitously used AGs in cosmetics over the past decade, the most commonly present AG in our analysis was coco-glucoside. The results of this study indicated a necessity to include coco-glucoside in the baseline series of patch testing allergens. Industry, regulators, and healthcare providers should be made aware of the frequent presence of AGs in rinse-off cosmetic products marketed as hypoallergenic or for sensitive skin to ensure the safety and well-being of consumers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Ćirin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Milutinov
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Veljko Krstonošić
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Tous-Romero F, Giménez-Arnau AM, Sanz-Sánchez T, González Pérez R, Carrascosa-Carrillo JM, Zaragoza-Ninet V, Córdoba-Guijarro S, Gática-Ortega ME, Miquel-Miquel J, Borrego-Hernando L, Ruíz-González I, Serra-Baldrich E, Silvester-Salvador JF, Mercader-García P, Sánchez-Pérez J, Rodríguez-Serna M, Pastor-Nieto A, Hervella-García M, García-Doval I, Ortiz-de Frutos FJ. Allergic contact dermatitis to alkyl glucosides: Epidemiological situation in Spain. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:e334-e337. [PMID: 36153692 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Tous-Romero
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javier Miquel-Miquel
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Borrego-Hernando
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Pedro Mercader-García
- Dermatology Department, Hospital General Universitario Jose Mª Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonia Pastor-Nieto
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio García-Doval
- Unidad de Investigación of the Fundación Piel Sana AEDV of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Abstract
Sensitive skin is characterized by symptoms such as stinging and tingling in response to stimuli that usually do not cause unpleasant sensations. Epidemiological studies show that individuals with sensitive skin are more prone to developing skin allergies, although the link between both conditions is unknown. Aiming to evaluate the presence of allergens in facial-skin products for sensitive skin, a pool of 88 cosmetic products from international brands marketed in pharmacies and parapharmacies was analyzed. A list of allergens identified in product labels was compiled and grouped according to their function. Fragrances were the most common allergens, followed by skin-conditioning agents, surfactants, and preservatives. Fragrances presenting the highest use percentages were linalool, benzyl alcohol, geraniol, and citronellol. Overall, the majority of cosmetic formulations were absent of fragrance allergens, being present only in 7% of products. Other allergens were found in most products (95%). This finding should be interpreted with caution, since many of these compounds are rare sensitizers and studies demonstrating their risk for individuals with sensitive skin are lacking. With this study, useful information for health professionals is provided to support their advice and to help consumers choosing cosmetic products.
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Impact of trends in new and emerging contact allergens. Int J Womens Dermatol 2022; 8:e006. [PMID: 35620033 PMCID: PMC9112390 DOI: 10.1097/jw9.0000000000000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis represents a T cell-mediated, delayed-type hypersensitivity response to exogenous agents. While allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most common causes of skin disease encountered by dermatologists, emerging trends within the field are in constant flux, as influenced by ever-changing industry practices and evolving consumer behaviors. Although certain allergens continue to predominate, new chemicals are frequently being introduced, thus shifting the pattern of allergen exposure and sensitization. This review examines the impact of trends in new and emerging contact allergens, with particular attention to clinical contexts in which these agents may be encountered. In addition, we offer a working knowledge of these allergens’ characteristics, sources, and relevance, while outlining recommendations to accurately evaluate, diagnose, and provide appropriate counseling for these diseases.
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Hernández-Fernández C, Mercader-García P, Silvestre Salvador J, Sánchez Pérez J, Fernández Redondo V, Miquel Miquel F, Ortiz de Frutos F, Gatica Ortega M, Mora Fernández V, Giménez Arnau A, Zaragoza Ninet V, González Pérez R, Sanz Sánchez T, Pastor Nieto M, Serra Baldrich E, Córdoba Guijarro S, Heras Mendaza F, Ruiz González I, Rodríguez Serna M, Hervella Garcés M, Gallego Descalzo M, García Doval I, Borrego Hernando L. Candidate allergens for inclusion in the Spanish Standard Series based on data from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Stachowiak N, Kowalonek J, Kozlowska J. Freeze-Dried Matrices Composed of Degradable Polymers with Surfactant-Loaded Microparticles Based on Pectin and Sodium Alginate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3044. [PMID: 34204985 PMCID: PMC8199913 DOI: 10.3390/ma14113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin/polyvinylpyrrolidone/hydroxyethyl cellulose/glycerol porous matrices with microspheres made of sodium alginate or pectin and sodium alginate were produced. A surfactant was loaded into these microparticles. The microspheres were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM, and laser diffraction particle size analyzer. For the matrices, the density, porosity, swelling capacity, dissolution in phosphate saline buffer were determined and SEM, mechanical, and thermogravimetric studies were applied. The results showed that the size of the two-component microspheres was slightly larger than that of single-ingredient microparticles. The images confirmed the spherical shape of the microparticles. The prepared matrices had high water uptake ability and porosity due to the presence of hydrophilic polymers. The presence of microparticles in the matrices caused a decrease in these parameters. Degradation of the composites with the microspheres was significantly faster than the matrix without them. The addition of microparticles increased the stiffness and toughness of the prepared materials. The efficiency of the thermal decomposition main stage was reduced in the samples with microspheres, whereas a char residue increased in these composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stachowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (J.K.); (J.K.)
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Hernández-Fernández CP, Mercader-García P, Silvestre Salvador JF, Sánchez Pérez J, Fernández Redondo V, Miquel Miquel FJ, Ortiz de Frutos FJ, Gatica Ortega ME, Mora Fernández V, Giménez Arnau AM, Zaragoza Ninet V, González Pérez R, Sanz Sánchez T, Pastor Nieto MA, Serra Baldrich E, Córdoba Guijarro S, Heras Mendaza F, Ruiz González I, Rodríguez Serna M, Hervella Garcés M, Gallego Descalzo MÁ, García Doval I, Borrego Hernando L. Candidate Allergens for Inclusion in the Spanish Standard Series Based on Data from the Spanish Contact Dermatitis Registry. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021; 112:S0001-7310(21)00192-7. [PMID: 34029518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard patch test series must be updated using objective data on allergen sensitization. The Spanish standard series was last updated in 2016 and the European series in 2019, and the inclusion of several emerging allergens needs to be evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, observational, multicenter study of consecutive patients from the registry of the Spanish Contact Dermatitis and Skin Allergy Research Group (GEIDAC) who were patch tested in 2019 and 2020 with linalool hydroperoxide, limonene hydroperoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate, benzisothiazolinone, octylisothiazolinone, textile dye mix (TDM), sodium metabisulfite, propolis, bronopol, Compositae mix II, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, decyl glucoside, and lauryl glucoside. RESULTS We analyzed data for 4654 patients tested with diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, and bronopol, and 1890 tested with the other allergens. The values for the MOAHLFA index components were 30% for male, 18% for occupational dermatitis, 15% for atopic dermatitis, 29% for hand, 6.5% for leg, 23% for face, and 68% for age > 40 years. Sensitization rates above 1% were observed for 7 allergens: linalool hydroperoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate, benzisothiazolinone, limonene hydroperoxide, TDM, sodium metabisulfite, and propolis. Three allergens had a current relevance rate of over 1%: linalool hydroperoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylat, and limonene hydroperoxide. Benzisothiazolinone and TDM had a relevance rate of between 0.9% and 1%. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that 7 new allergens should be considered when extending the Spanish standard patch test series. The data from our series could be helpful for guiding the next extension of the European baseline series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Pelayo Hernández-Fernández
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España
| | - Pedro Mercader-García
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital General Universitario Jose Mª Morales Meseguer, Murcia, España
| | | | | | - Virginia Fernández Redondo
- Servicio de Dermatología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, España
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana María Giménez Arnau
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital del Mar. Instituto Municipal de Asistencia Sanitaria, Barcelona, España
| | | | - Ricardo González Pérez
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario Araba. Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, España
| | | | | | | | | | - Felipe Heras Mendaza
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leopoldo Borrego Hernando
- Servicio de Dermatología. Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Manufacturers are increasingly branding personal care products (PCPs) specifically for men. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to characterize ingredients and claims of facial moisturizers marketed to men. METHODS Men's facial moisturizers from 7 different online retailers were identified in June-September 2018. Ingredients were grouped and identified per the Ingredient Database of the Personal Care Products Council. Potential allergens were identified using the 2017 American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) Core Allergen Series and 2017-2018 North American Contact Dermatitis Group Screening Series. RESULTS Sixty-five men's facial moisturizers were identified with a total of 1930 ingredients. On average, there were 12 ACDS Core and 9 North American Contact Dermatitis Group Screening allergens per product. A total of 70.8% of products contained between 6 and 15 ACDS Core allergens. The most notable allergens were fragrances (present in 98.5% of products), propylene glycol/derivatives (32.3%), parabens (29.2%), and alkyl glucosides (26.2%). Interestingly, less than 10% of products contained the most common allergenic preservatives in PCPs: formaldehyde releasers and methylisothiazolinone. CONCLUSIONS Men's facial moisturizers commonly contain fragrances, emulsifiers, and glucosides but relatively few allergenic preservatives. This may reflect changes in modern PCP preservation. These findings are important for modern dermatologists to be aware, especially in a new era of male skincare.
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Lee EB, Lobl M, Ford A, DeLeo V, Adler BL, Wysong A. What Is New in Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis in the Year of the COVID Pandemic? Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:26. [PMID: 33779825 PMCID: PMC8006117 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-01000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article aims to summarize some recent trends in occupational allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), including dermatitis related to pandemic-level personal protective equipment in healthcare workers, hazards patients may experience when working from home, and occupational perspectives on the recent American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) allergens of the year and ACDS Core Allergen Series updates. RECENT FINDINGS Recent ACDS Allergens of the Year may be particularly relevant to healthcare workers, including isobornyl acrylate, which is present in glucose sensors and propylene glycol present in hand cleansers and disinfectants. Lavender, limonene, and linalool, all of which are new additions to the ACDS Core Allergen Series, have been reported as causes for occupational ACD in massage therapists and aromatherapists. Isothiazolinone allergy continues to rise in both consumer and occupational settings. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a wave of occupational ACD in healthcare workers to personal protective equipment, and revealed new potential allergens for individuals working from home. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis continues to exert a significant occupational disease burden. Remaining aware of the current trends in allergens may allow for earlier recognition, diagnosis, and treatment, subsequently helping our patients to work in healthier and safer environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985645 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5645, USA
| | - Marissa Lobl
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985645 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5645, USA
| | - Aubree Ford
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985645 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5645, USA
| | - Vincent DeLeo
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brandon L Adler
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Wysong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985645 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5645, USA.
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Silverberg JI, Warshaw EM, Maibach HI, DeKoven JG, Taylor JS, Atwater AR, Sasseville D, Zug KA, Reeder MJ, Fowler JF, Pratt MD, Fransway AF, Zirwas MJ, Belsito DV, Marks JG, DeLeo VA. Hand eczema in children referred for patch testing: North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2000-2016. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:185-194. [PMID: 33454963 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the aetiologies and relevant allergens in paediatric patients with hand eczema (HE). OBJECTIVES To characterize the aetiologies and determine the proportion of positive and currently relevant allergens in children/adolescents (age < 18 years) with HE referred for patch testing. METHODS A retrospective analysis (2000-2016) of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data was performed. RESULTS Of 1634 paediatric patients, 237 (14·5%) had involvement of the hands. Final physician diagnoses included allergic contact dermatitis (49·4%), atopic dermatitis (37·1%) and irritant contact dermatitis (16·9%). In multivariable logistic regression models, employment was the only association with increased odds of any HE or primary HE. Children with HE vs. those without HE had similar proportions of positive patch tests (56·1% vs. 61·7%; χ2 -test, P = 0·11). The five most common currently relevant allergens were nickel, methylisothiazolinone, propylene glycol, decyl glucoside and lanolin. In multivariable logistic regression models of the top 20 relevant allergens, HE was associated with significantly higher odds of currently relevant reactions to lanolin, quaternium-15, Compositae mix, thiuram mix, 2-mercaptobenzathiazole and colophony. The allergens with the highest mean significance-prevalence index number were methylisothiazolinone, carba mix, thiuram mix, nickel and methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone. CONCLUSIONS Children with HE who were referred for patch testing had a high proportion of positive patch tests, which was similar to the proportion found in children without HE. Children with HE had a distinct and fairly narrow profile of currently relevant allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, The Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - E M Warshaw
- Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - H I Maibach
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J G DeKoven
- Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J S Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA
| | - A R Atwater
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - D Sasseville
- Division of Dermatology, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - K A Zug
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - M J Reeder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J F Fowler
- Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - M D Pratt
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - M J Zirwas
- Department of Dermatology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D V Belsito
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J G Marks
- Department of Dermatology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - V A DeLeo
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Soriano LF, Bertram CG, Chowdhury MMU, Cousen P, Divekar P, Ghaffar SA, Green C, Havelin A, Holden CR, Johnston GA, Mughal AA, Nic Dhonncha E, Sabroe RA, Stone NM, Thompson DA, Wilkinson SM, Buckley DA. Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis to decyl and lauryl glucoside in the UK and Ireland. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:571-573. [PMID: 33090453 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C G Bertram
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK
| | | | - P Cousen
- The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK
| | - P Divekar
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3LJ, UK
| | | | - C Green
- Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD2 1SG, UK
| | - A Havelin
- The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, UK
| | - C R Holden
- Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - G A Johnston
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - A A Mughal
- Singleton Hospital, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - E Nic Dhonncha
- South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, T12 X23H, Ireland
| | - R A Sabroe
- Sheffield Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK
| | - N M Stone
- Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, NP20 2UB, UK
| | - D A Thompson
- Birmingham Skin Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, UK
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12
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Gardeen S, Hylwa S. A review of acrylates: Super glue, nail adhesives, and diabetic pump adhesives increasing sensitization risk in women and children. Int J Womens Dermatol 2020; 6:263-267. [PMID: 33015283 PMCID: PMC7522914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a cutaneous type IV hypersensitivity immune reaction mounted against substances in contact with the skin to which the patient has been sensitized. ACD is common, affecting approximately 72 million Americans per year, and is more common in women. One common contact allergen group is acrylates, which are monomers that are polymerized in the making of glues, adhesives, and plastic materials. It is the monomers that are sensitizing, whereas the final polymers are inert. Acrylates were the 2012 Contact Allergen of the Year with the specific acrylate, isobornyl acrylate, being the 2020 Contact Allergen of the Year. This article reviews the history of acrylate use, epidemiology, and both known and emerging sources of acrylates resulting in ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gardeen
- Department of Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sara Hylwa
- Department of Dermatology, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Park Nicollet Contact Dermatitis Clinic, Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Both surgical personnel and patients undergoing procedures are exposed regularly to different antiseptic chemicals in various forms. Little is known about the ingredients in these antiseptics and the risk these products may provoke allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify and characterize common allergens in surgical scrubs and patient surgical cleansers that health care workers and surgical patients may encounter in the perioperative period. METHODS DailyMed website was searched using numerous terms for surgical disinfectants. Products used for health care worker handwashing/scrubbing or patient surgical cleansing/disinfecting were included. Each product's ingredients were recorded; those found on the 2017 American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) Core Allergen Series were noted from each product. CONCLUSIONS A total of 1940 products were identified, of which 267 were included in the analysis. A total of 66.3% contained iodine, 25.8% contained chlorhexidine digluconate, and 2.6% contained chloroxylenol. Within the group analyzed, 1586 ingredients were identified. Of these, 241 were ACDS Core Series allergens. Most products contained a single ACDS allergen. There were significant differences in allergens based on product type and active ingredient, with iodine-containing products having the fewest number of allergens. The most common ACDS allergens found were cocamide diethanolamide (22.5%), fragrance (21.7%), lanolin (19.5%), propylene glycol (6.7%), alkyl glucosides (6.0%), and sorbic acid derivatives (5.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie P Schlarbaum
- From the Park Nicollet Contact Dermatitis Clinic
- University of Minnesota Medical School
| | - Sara A Hylwa
- From the Park Nicollet Contact Dermatitis Clinic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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15
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Rolls S, Owen E, Bertram CG, Bourke JF, Buckley DA, Chowdhury MMU, Cooper SM, Ghaffar SA, Green CM, Hughes TM, Johnston GA, Reckling CM, Thompson DA, Wakelin SH, Wilkinson M, Stone NM. What is in? What is out? Updating the British Society for Cutaneous Allergy facial series. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:151-155. [PMID: 32282055 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to cosmetics is widely reported. To ensure we are accurately diagnosing ACD, patch test series should be continually reviewed to identify relevant and emerging allergens and highlight those that are outdated. The current British Society for Cutaneous Allergy (BSCA) facial series recommends 26 allergens and was last modified in 2012. OBJECTIVES To review and update the BSCA facial series. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the results from 12 UK and Ireland patch test centres' facial series from January 2016 to December 2017. We recorded the number of allergens tested in each centre and the detection rate for each allergen. Using a 0·3% positive rate as the inclusion threshold, we established which allergens in the BSCA facial series had positive patch test rates < 0·3% and > 0·3%. Allergens not in the BSCA facial series that had a positive patch test rate > 0·3% were identified. RESULTS Overall, 4224 patients were patch tested to the facial series. The number of allergens included in individual centres' facial series ranged from 24 to 66, with a total of 103 allergens tested across all centres. Twelve of the 26 allergens in the BSCA facial series had a positive patch test rate < 0·3% and 14 had a rate > 0·3%. Twenty-five allergens not recommended in the BSCA facial series had a positive patch test rate > 0·3%. CONCLUSIONS This audit has highlighted the significant variation in practice that exists among patch test centres, despite a recommended facial series. The BSCA facial series has been updated and now contains 24 allergens. Fifteen allergens remain, 11 allergens have been dropped and nine new allergens have been added.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rolls
- Royal Gwent and Nevill Hall Hospitals, Newport, UK
| | - E Owen
- Royal Gwent and Nevill Hall Hospitals, Newport, UK
| | | | - J F Bourke
- South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - T M Hughes
- Royal Gwent and Nevill Hall Hospitals, Newport, UK
| | | | | | - D A Thompson
- Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - S H Wakelin
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Wilkinson
- Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - N M Stone
- Royal Gwent and Nevill Hall Hospitals, Newport, UK
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Raffi J, Suresh R, Fishman H, Botto N, Murase JE. Investigating the role of allergic contact dermatitis in residual ocular surface disease on dupilumab (ROSDD) ,. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019; 5:308-313. [PMID: 31909149 PMCID: PMC6938871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms underlying eye-related complications with dupilumab are poorly understood. Objective This study aimed to determine the incidence and characteristics of ocular complications with dupilumab and the prevalence of comorbid allergic contact dermatitis in the same subpopulation. Methods This is a retrospective chart review of 48 patients with atopic dermatitis who received dupilumab. For patients with eye involvement at first follow-up, we discuss the presence of eyelid dermatitis, blepharitis, or conjunctivitis and analyze available patch test findings in patients with ocular complications while treated with dupilumab. Results A total of 14 patients (29.2%) showed eye involvement while on dupilumab, all of whom experienced eye involvement prior to dupilumab. The results of the patch test were most commonly positive for emulsifier/surfactants (42.5%) and fragrances (30.4%). Nine patients experienced improvement with allergen avoidance subsequent to patch testing, and four of nine patients’ conditions cleared almost entirely. This is a non-randomized study in a small cohort of patients. Only 18 patients had their disease confirmed by an ophthalmologist. Conclusion All patients with eye involvement while on dupilumab had a history of eye involvement prior to dupilumab, suggest that dupilumab may encourage rather than cause ocular surface inflammation. Significant improvement after patch testing in nearly half of patients suggests that allergic contact dermatitis contributes to some cases of dupilumab-associated eye complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Raffi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Raagini Suresh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Nina Botto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jenny E Murase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group, Mountain View, CA, United States
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Weinhammer AP, Scheman A, Reeder MJ. Prevalence of Surfactant in the Contact Allergen Management Program. Dermatitis 2019; 30:358-362. [PMID: 31724989 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactants are common ingredients in topical products, which can cause both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of 12 common groups of surfactants and 12 common individual surfactants among products in each category in the American Contact Dermatitis Society Contact Allergen Management Program (CAMP). METHODS The American Contact Dermatitis Society CAMP was queried for the 12 surfactant groups and the 12 individual surfactants. RESULTS The laureth/pareth sulfate group was the most prevalent surfactant group in CAMP products (17.9%). Laureth/pareth sulfates were the most common surfactant group in all product categories, except household and eye care products. The betaine/sultaine group (13.5%) and glucosides (10.0%) were also found in a significant proportion of CAMP products. Oleamidopropyl dimethylamine has the highest positive reaction rate (3.5%) but was tied for the lowest prevalence (0.20%) of the 12 individual surfactants studied. In contrast, cocamidopropyl betaine has a lower positive reaction rate (1.6%) with a higher prevalence (10.4%). CONCLUSIONS Surfactants were commonly found across all product types in CAMP. This study provides important information on allergen and irritant exposures in care products.
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Bhoyrul B, Solman L, Kirk S, Orton D, Wilkinson M. Patch testing with alkyl glucosides: Concomitant reactions are common but not ubiquitous. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 80:286-290. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bevin Bhoyrul
- Department of Dermatology; Chapel Allerton Hospital; Leeds UK
| | - Lea Solman
- Department of Dermatology; Chapel Allerton Hospital; Leeds UK
- Department of Dermatology; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; London UK
| | | | | | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Dermatology; Chapel Allerton Hospital; Leeds UK
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Dermatology today and tomorrow: from symptom control to targeted therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 33 Suppl 1:3-36. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Patch Testing with Decyl and Lauryl Glucoside: How Well Does One Screen for Contact Allergic Reactions to the Other? Dermatitis 2018; 28:342-345. [PMID: 29064883 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkyl glucoside surfactants, present in many cosmetic products, can cause allergic contact dermatitis. Decyl glucoside has been part of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard allergen panel since 2009. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify rates and relevance of positive patch test reactions to decyl and lauryl glucosides and to determine how well one of these glucosides screens for contact allergic reactions to the other. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 897 patients suspected of having a cosmetic-related dermatitis and patch tested with both decyl and lauryl glucosides between 2009 and 2016. RESULTS Forty-eight patients (5%) had positive reactions to decyl glucoside and/or lauryl glucoside. Among the alkyl glucoside-allergic patients, 65% had positive reactions to both decyl and lauryl glucosides. In 41% of cases, reactions were of definite or probable relevance. In approximately 55% of cases, reactions were of possible relevance. CONCLUSIONS Sixty-five percent of glucoside-allergic patients exhibited co-reactions to decyl and lauryl glucosides. Thus, neither glucoside is an adequate screen for allergy to the other. Given that these reactions are often relevant, clinicians should patch test with decyl, lauryl, and other alkyl glucosides in cases of suspected cosmetic allergy.
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Boucneau F, Goossens A, Huygens S, Gilissen L. Arachidyl glucoside: Another cosmetic allergen. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 79:321-323. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friedel Boucneau
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Sara Huygens
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Gilissen
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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Boozalis E, Patel S. Allergen of the Year alkyl glucoside is an ingredient in top-selling sunscreens and facial moisturizers. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 78:809-810. [PMID: 29042229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Boozalis
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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