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Rigali S, Cozzi C, Liszewski W. Identification of the pigments used in permanent makeup and their ability to elicit allergic contact dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 91:474-479. [PMID: 38825076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decorative tattoos are known to contain ingredients that may elicit allergic contact dermatitis; it is less well-known if permanent makeup pigments carry the same risk. OBJECTIVE Identify pigments used in permanent makeup inks sold in the United States and review cases of allergic contact dermatitis to these pigments. METHODS Using internet searches, permanent makeup inks sold in the United States were identified. Safety data sheets were used to catalog pigments used in permanent makeup. A subsequent literature search was performed to identify cases of allergic contact dermatitis to these pigments. RESULTS A total of 974 permanent makeup inks were reviewed, and 79 unique pigments were identified. The average product contained 4 pigments. Twenty of the pigments were inorganic metals, including carbon, iron, chromium, manganese, and molybdenum. Fifty-nine pigments were organic, of which most were azo, quinacridone, or anthraquinone dyes. A literature search revealed that 10 of the 79 pigments were associated with allergic contact dermatitis. CONCLUSION Permanent makeup primarily uses organic pigments, although some metallic pigments are still used. Physicians should also be aware that some of these pigments-both organic and inorganic-are known causes of allergic contact dermatitis. Of note, patch testing to these ingredients can be negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rigali
- Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Cameron Cozzi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Walter Liszewski
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, North Chicago, Illinois
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Ghafari G, Newcomer J, Rigali S, Liszewski W. Permanent makeup: A review of its technique, regulation, and complications. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00848-X. [PMID: 38901732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Permanent makeup (PMU) is a popular form of tattooing used to replace or enhance the use of daily makeup. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of PMU, with a particular focus on its use, regulation, and potential complications reported in the literature. In the United States, there is significant variation in the regulation and training required to perform PMU. Adverse outcomes of PMU include infectious, allergic, and inflammatory complications. These complications may be more common if proper hygiene and aftercare practices are not followed. Cosmetically, PMU may shift or have an altered appearance if the underlying skin is treated with cosmetic fillers or local anesthetics. Given the popularity of PMU and its cosmetic uses, dermatologists should be aware of the PMU industry, potential complications, and how best to manage complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Ghafari
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jack Newcomer
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Sarah Rigali
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Walter Liszewski
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Department of Preventative Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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Giulbudagian M, Battisini B, Bäumler W, Blass Rico AM, Bocca B, Brungs C, Famele M, Foerster M, Gutsche B, Houben V, Hauri U, Karpienko K, Karst U, Katz LM, Kluger N, Serup J, Schreiver I, Schubert S, van der Bent SAS, Wolf C, Luch A, Laux P. Lessons learned in a decade: Medical-toxicological view of tattooing. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38709160 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Tattooing has been part of the human culture for thousands of years, yet only in the past decades has it entered the mainstream of the society. With the rise in popularity, tattoos also gained attention among researchers, with the aim to better understand the health risks posed by their application. 'A medical-toxicological view of tattooing'-a work published in The Lancet almost a decade ago, resulted from the international collaboration of various experts in the field. Since then, much understanding has been achieved regarding adverse effects, treatment of complications, as well as their regulation for improving public health. Yet major knowledge gaps remain. This review article results from the Second International Conference on Tattoo Safety hosted by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) and provides a glimpse from the medical-toxicological perspective, regulatory strategies and advances in the analysis of tattoo inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giulbudagian
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Battisini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Bäumler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ana M Blass Rico
- European Commission, DG Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs (GROW), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Corinna Brungs
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Famele
- National Centre for Chemicals, Cosmetic Products and Consumer's Health Protection - Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Foerster
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Birgit Gutsche
- Karlsruhe Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Authority, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Urs Hauri
- Kanton Basel-Stadt, Kantonales Laboratorium, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Karpienko
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication, and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Linda M Katz
- Office of Cosmetics and Colors, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- "Tattoo Consultation", Department of Dermatology, Bichat - Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
- EADV Tattoo and Body Art Task Force, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Jørgen Serup
- Department of Dermatology, the Tattoo Clinic, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ines Schreiver
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Schubert
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology - IVDK, Institute at the University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Carina Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Laux
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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5
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Kluger N. Allergic reaction to Red Cosmetic lip tattoo with possible exacerbations after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e672-e673. [PMID: 35536566 PMCID: PMC9348283 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kluger
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Tattoo consultation", Department of Dermatology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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6
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van der Bent SA, van Doorn MB. Successful treatment of a refractory allergic reaction to a red tattoo of the lips with methotrexate and Q-switched Nd-Yag laser. JAAD Case Rep 2022; 21:109-111. [PMID: 35198714 PMCID: PMC8850553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan A.S. van der Bent
- Tattoo Clinic (Tattoo poli), Department of Dermatology, Alrijne Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence to: Sebastiaan A. S. van der Bent, MD, PhD, Tattoo poli, Department of Dermatology, Alrijne Ziekenhuis, Houtlaan 55, 2334 CK, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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van der Bent SAS, Huisman S, Rustemeyer T, Wolkerstorfer A. Ablative laser surgery for allergic tattoo reactions: a retrospective study. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1241-1248. [PMID: 33104896 PMCID: PMC8282569 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with allergic tattoo reactions are burdened with itch and have a reduced quality of life. Conservative treatment is often insufficient and little is known about treatment options to remove the responsible allergen. We aimed to address the effectiveness and safety of ablative laser therapy including measurement of patient's satisfaction, in patients with allergic reactions to tattoos. A retrospective study was conducted including patients with allergic tattoo reactions who were treated with a 10,600 nm ablative CO2 laser, either by full-surface ablation or fractional ablation. Clinical information originated from medical files and a 25-item questionnaire. Sixteen tattoo allergy patients were treated with a CO2 laser between January 2010 and January 2018. Fourteen patients completed the questionnaire. Ten patients were satisfied with laser treatment. On a visual analogue scale, pruritus and burning improved with a median of 5.5 and 4 points in the full surface ablation group and 3 points on both parameters in the fractional ablation group. Despite the relatively small group of patients, our results suggest that CO2 laser ablation improves itching, burning and impact on daily life in tattoo allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A S van der Bent
- Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 2205 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Huisman
- Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 2205 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - T Rustemeyer
- Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 2205 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Wolkerstorfer
- Academic Tattoo Clinic Amsterdam, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location AMC, Meibergdreef 9, 2205 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Navarro-Triviño FJ, Naranjo-Diaz MJ, Ruiz-Villaverde R. Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia caused by cosmetic lip tattoo successfully treated with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 84:270-272. [PMID: 33084073 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Navarro-Triviño
- Department of Contact Eczema and Immunoallergic Diseases, Dermatology, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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