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Zhao G, Zhao H, Hou X, Wang J, Cheng P, Xu S, Cui W, Shen W. An unexpected discovery toward argon-rich water amelioration of cadmium toxicity in Medicago sativa L. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158137. [PMID: 35988609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Argon has organ-protective effects on animals. However, whether or how argon influences plant responses remains elusive. In this study, we discovered that the growth inhibition of hydroponically cultured alfalfa seedlings under 100 μM CdCl2 condition was significantly ameliorated by 100 % saturated argon-rich water (ARW). Less Cd uptake and accumulation were also observed in both root and shoot parts, which could be explained by the modified root cell walls, including the increased cell wall thickness, lignin content, and demethylation degree of covalently bound and ion-bound pectin, as well as the down-regulated expression of natural-resistance-associated-macrophage protein1 (Nramp1) encoding a heavy metal ion transporter in root tissue. The hindered Cd translocation from root to shoot achieved by ARW addition was validated by the decreased expression of heavy metal ATPase 2/4 (HMA2/4) in roots and decreased Cd content in xylem saps. The reestablished glutathione (GSH) homeostasis and redox balance, two important indicators of plant defense against Cd poisoning, were also observed. Further greenhouse experiments demonstrated that the phenotypic and physiological performances of alfalfa plants cultured in Cd-contaminated soil were significantly improved by irrigating with ARW. Above results implied that ARW confers plants tolerance against cadmium toxicity by impairing Cd uptake and accumulation and restoring GSH and redox homeostasis. These findings might open a new window for understanding argon biology in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xutian Hou
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Weiti Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Le Nogue D, Lavaur J, Milet A, Ramirez-Gil JF, Katz I, Lemaire M, Farjot G, Hirsch EC, Michel PP. Neuroprotection of dopamine neurons by xenon against low-level excitotoxic insults is not reproduced by other noble gases. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:27-34. [PMID: 31807953 PMCID: PMC6942589 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Using midbrain cultures, we previously demonstrated that the noble gas xenon is robustly protective for dopamine (DA) neurons exposed to L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC), an inhibitor of glutamate uptake used to generate sustained, low-level excitotoxic insults. DA cell rescue was observed in conditions where the control atmosphere for cell culture was substituted with a gas mix, comprising the same amount of oxygen (20%) and carbon dioxide (5%) but 75% of xenon instead of nitrogen. In the present study, we first aimed to determine whether DA cell rescue against PDC remains detectable when concentrations of xenon are progressively reduced in the cell culture atmosphere. Besides, we also sought to compare the effect of xenon to that of other noble gases, including helium, neon and krypton. Our results show that the protective effect of xenon for DA neurons was concentration-dependent with an IC50 estimated at about 44%. We also established that none of the other noble gases tested in this study protected DA neurons from PDC-mediated insults. Xenon's effectiveness was most probably due to its unique capacity to block NMDA glutamate receptors. Besides, mathematical modeling of gas diffusion in the culture medium revealed that the concentration reached by xenon at the cell layer level is the highest of all noble gases when neurodegeneration is underway. Altogether, our data suggest that xenon may be of potential therapeutic value in Parkinson disease, a chronic neurodegenerative condition where DA neurons appear vulnerable to slow excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Le Nogue
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Lavaur
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Aude Milet
- Air Liquide Santé International, Campus Innovation Paris, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Ira Katz
- Air Liquide Santé International, Campus Innovation Paris, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc Lemaire
- Air Liquide Santé International, Campus Innovation Paris, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Géraldine Farjot
- Air Liquide Santé International, Campus Innovation Paris, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Etienne C Hirsch
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Pierre Michel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France.
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Dobrovolsky AP, Gedzun VR, Bogin VI, Ma D, Ichim TE, Sukhanova IA, Malyshev AV, Dubynin VA. Beneficial effects of xenon inhalation on behavioral changes in a valproic acid-induced model of autism in rats. J Transl Med 2019; 17:400. [PMID: 31796043 PMCID: PMC6891980 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenon (Xe) is a noble gas that has been used for the last several decades as an anesthetic during surgery. Its antagonistic effect on glutamate subtype of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors resulted in evaluation of this gas for treatment of CNS pathologies, including psychoemotional disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the behavioral effects of acute inhalation of subanesthetic concentrations of Xe and to study the outcomes of Xe exposure in valproic acid (VPA)-induced rodent model of autism. METHODS We have conducted two series of experiments with a battery of behavioral tests aimed to evaluate locomotion, anxiety- and depression-like behavior, and social behavior in healthy, VPA-treated and Xe-exposed young rats. RESULTS We have shown that in healthy animals Xe exposure resulted in acute and delayed decrease of exploratory motivation, partial decrease in risk-taking and depressive-like behavior as well as improved sensorimotor integration during the negative geotaxis test. Acute inhalations of Xe in VPA-exposed animals led to improvement in social behavior, decrease in exploratory motivation, and normalization of behavior in forced-swim test. CONCLUSION Behavioral modulatory effects of Xe are probably related to its generalized action on excitatory/inhibitory balance within the CNS. Our data suggest that subanesthetic short-term exposures to Xe have beneficial effect on several behavioral modalities and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Dobrovolsky
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - V R Gedzun
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Bogin
- Nobilis Therapeutics Inc, Portland, OR, USA
| | - D Ma
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine & Intensive Care, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T E Ichim
- Nobilis Therapeutics Inc, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Iu A Sukhanova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Malyshev
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Dubynin
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Koziakova M, Harris K, Edge CJ, Franks NP, White IL, Dickinson R. Noble gas neuroprotection: xenon and argon protect against hypoxic-ischaemic injury in rat hippocampus in vitro via distinct mechanisms. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:601-609. [PMID: 31470983 PMCID: PMC6871267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noble gases may provide novel treatments for neurological injuries such as ischaemic and traumatic brain injury. Few studies have evaluated the complete series of noble gases under identical conditions in the same model. Methods We used an in vitro model of hypoxia–ischaemia to evaluate the neuroprotective properties of the series of noble gases, helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. Organotypic hippocampal brain slices from mice were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, and injury was quantified using propidium iodide fluorescence. Results Both xenon and argon were equally effective neuroprotectants, with 0.5 atm of xenon or argon reducing injury by 96% (P<0.0001), whereas helium, neon, and krypton were devoid of any protective effect. Neuroprotection by xenon, but not argon, was reversed by elevated glycine. Conclusions Xenon and argon are equally effective as neuroprotectants against hypoxia–ischaemia in vitro, with both gases preventing injury development. Although xenon's neuroprotective effect may be mediated by inhibition of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor at the glycine site, argon acts via a different mechanism. These findings may have important implications for their clinical use as neuroprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Koziakova
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Harris
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher J Edge
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Berkshire Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London Road, Reading, UK
| | | | - Ian L White
- Department of Anaesthetics, St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, UK
| | - Robert Dickinson
- Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care Section, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK; Royal British Legion Centre for Blast Injury Studies, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Sneyd J. Thiopental to desflurane - an anaesthetic journey. Where are we going next? Br J Anaesth 2017; 119:i44-i52. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Grüßer L, Blaumeiser-Debarry R, Krings M, Kremer B, Höllig A, Rossaint R, Coburn M. Argon attenuates the emergence of secondary injury after traumatic brain injury within a 2-hour incubation period compared to desflurane: an in vitro study. Med Gas Res 2017; 7:93-100. [PMID: 28744361 PMCID: PMC5510299 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.208512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite years of research, treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains challenging. Considerable data exists that some volatile anesthetics might be neuroprotective. However, several studies have also revealed a rather neurotoxic profile of anesthetics. In this study, we investigated the effects of argon 50%, desflurane 6% and their combination in an in vitro TBI model with incubation times similar to narcotic time slots in a daily clinical routine. Organotypic hippocampal brain slices of 5- to 7-day-old mice were cultivated for 14 days before TBI was performed. Slices were eventually incubated for 2 hours in an atmosphere containing no anesthetic gas, argon 50% or desflurane 6% or both. Trauma intensity was evaluated via fluorescent imagery. Our results show that neither argon 50% nor desflurane 6% nor their combination could significantly reduce the trauma intensity in comparison to the standard atmosphere. However, in comparison to desflurane 6%, argon 50% displayed a rather neuroprotective profile within the first 2 hours after a focal mechanical trauma (P = 0.015). A 2-hour incubation in an atmosphere containing both gases, argon 50% and desflurane 6%, did not result in significant effects in comparison to the argon 50% group or the desflurane 6% group. Our findings demonstrate that within a 2-hour incubation time neither argon nor desflurane could affect propidium iodide-detectable cell death in an in vitro TBI model in comparison to the standard atmosphere, although cell death was less with argon 50% than with desflurane 6%. The results show that within this short time period processes concerning the development of secondary injury are already taking place and may be manipulated by argon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grüßer
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Krings
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medizinisches Zentrum StaedteRegion Aachen, Wuerselen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kremer
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Höllig
- Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Rossaint
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Lavaur J, Le Nogue D, Lemaire M, Pype J, Farjot G, Hirsch EC, Michel PP. The noble gas xenon provides protection and trophic stimulation to midbrain dopamine neurons. J Neurochem 2017; 142:14-28. [PMID: 28398653 PMCID: PMC5518208 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite its low chemical reactivity, the noble gas xenon possesses a remarkable spectrum of biological effects. In particular, xenon is a strong neuroprotectant in preclinical models of hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury. In this study, we wished to determine whether xenon retained its neuroprotective potential in experimental settings that model the progressive loss of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in Parkinson's disease. Using rat midbrain cultures, we established that xenon was partially protective for DA neurons through either direct or indirect effects on these neurons. So, when DA neurons were exposed to l‐trans‐pyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid so as to increase ambient glutamate levels and generate slow and sustained excitotoxicity, the effect of xenon on DA neurons was direct. The vitamin E analog Trolox also partially rescued DA neurons in this setting and enhanced neuroprotection by xenon. However, in the situation where DA cell death was spontaneous, the protection of DA neurons by xenon appeared indirect as it occurred through the repression of a mechanism mediated by proliferating glial cells, presumably astrocytes and their precursor cells. Xenon also exerted trophic effects for DA neurons in this paradigm. The effects of xenon were mimicked and improved by the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist memantine and xenon itself appeared to work by antagonizing N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors. Note that another noble gas argon could not reproduce xenon effects. Overall, present data indicate that xenon can provide protection and trophic support to DA neurons that are vulnerable in Parkinson's disease. This suggests that xenon might have some therapeutic value for this disorder. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Lavaur
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Déborah Le Nogue
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lemaire
- Air Liquide Santé International, Medical R&D Paris, Saclay Research Center, Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Jan Pype
- Air Liquide Santé International, Medical R&D Paris, Saclay Research Center, Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Géraldine Farjot
- Air Liquide Santé International, Medical R&D Paris, Saclay Research Center, Jouy-en Josas, France
| | - Etienne C Hirsch
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Patrick P Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Ulmer TF, Fragoulis A, Dohmeier H, Kroh A, Andert A, Stoppe C, Alizai H, Klink C, Coburn M, Neumann UP. Argon Delays Initiation of Liver Regeneration after Partial Hepatectomy in Rats. Eur Surg Res 2017; 58:204-215. [PMID: 28433997 DOI: 10.1159/000466690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver can heal up to restitutio ad integrum following damage resulting from various causes. Different studies have demonstrated the protective effect of argon on various cells and organs. To the best of our knowledge, the organ-protective effects of the noble gas argon on the liver have not yet been investigated, although argon appears to influence signal paths that are well-known mediators of liver regeneration. We hypothesized that argon inhalation prior to partial hepatectomy (70%) has a positive effect on the initiation of liver regeneration in rats. METHODS Partial hepatectomy (70%) with or without inhaled argon (50 vol%) was performed for 1 h. Liver tissue was harvested after 3, 36, and 96 h to analyze the mRNA and protein expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Histological tissue samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry (bromodeoxyuridine [BrdU], Ki-67, and TUNEL) and blood was analyzed regarding the effects of argon on liver function. Statistical analyses were performed using 1-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey-Kramer test. RESULTS After 3 h, the primary outcome parameter of hepatocyte proliferation was significantly reduced with argon 50 vol% inhalation in comparison to nitrogen inhalation (BrdU: 15.7 ± 9.7 vs. 7.7 ± 3.1 positive cells/1,000 hepatocytes, p = 0.013; Ki-67: 17.6 ± 13.3 vs. 4.7 ± 5.4 positive cells/1,000 hepatocytes, p = 0.006). This was most likely mediated by significant downregulation of HGF (after 3 h: 5.2 ± 3.2 vs. 2.3 ± 1.0 fold, p = 0.032; after 96 h: 2.1 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 fold, p = 0.029) and IL-6 (after 3 h: 43.7 ± 39.6 vs. 8.5 ± 9.2 fold, p = 0.032). Nevertheless, we could detect no significant effect on the weight of the residual liver, liver-body weight ratio, or liver blood test results after argon inhalation. CONCLUSION Impairment of liver regeneration was apparent after argon 50 vol% inhalation that was most probably mediated by downregulation of HGF and IL-6 in the initial phase. However, the present study was not adequately powered to prove that argon has detrimental effects on the liver. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of argon on livers with preexisting conditions as well as on ischemia-reperfusion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Florian Ulmer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Lemoine S, Blanchart K, Souplis M, Lemaitre A, Legallois D, Coulbault L, Simard C, Allouche S, Abraini JH, Hanouz JL, Rouet R, Sallé L, Guinamard R, Manrique A. Argon Exposure Induces Postconditioning in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 22:564-573. [PMID: 28381122 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417702891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) damages remains a major concern during prehospital management of acute myocardial infarction. Noble gases have shown beneficial effects in preconditioning studies. Because emergency proceedings in the context of myocardial infarction require postconditioning strategies, we evaluated the effects of argon in such protocols on mammalian cardiac tissue. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES In rat, cardiac I/R was induced in vivo by transient coronary artery ligature and cardiac functions were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced arrhythmias were evaluated in vitro using intracellular microelectrodes on both rat-isolated ventricle and a model of border zone in guinea pig ventricle. Hypoxia-reoxygenation loss of contractile force was assessed in human atrial appendages. In those models, postconditioning was induced by 5 minutes application of argon at the time of reperfusion. KEY RESULTS In the in vivo model, I/R produced left ventricular ejection fraction decrease (24%) and wall motion score increase (36%) which was prevented when argon was applied in postconditioning. In vitro, argon postconditioning abolished H/R-induced arrhythmias such as early after depolarizations, conduction blocks, and reentries. Recovery of contractile force in human atrial appendages after H/R was enhanced in the argon group, increasing from 51% ± 2% in the nonconditioned group to 83% ± 7% in the argon-treated group ( P < .001). This effect of argon was abolished in the presence of wortmannin and PD98059 which inhibit prosurvival phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and MEK/extracellular receptor kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), respectively, or in the presence of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore opener atractyloside, suggesting the involvement of the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Argon has strong cardioprotective properties when applied in conditions of postconditioning and thus appears as a potential therapeutic tool in I/R situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lemoine
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Katrien Blanchart
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Mathieu Souplis
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Adrien Lemaitre
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Damien Legallois
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Coulbault
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Christophe Simard
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Allouche
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Jacques H Abraini
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Luc Hanouz
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - René Rouet
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Sallé
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Romain Guinamard
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - Alain Manrique
- 1 Signalisation, Electrophysiologie et Imagerie des lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, Caen, France
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Grüne F, Kazmaier S, Hoeks SE, Stolker RJ, Coburn M, Weyland A. Argon does not affect cerebral circulation or metabolism in male humans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171962. [PMID: 28207907 PMCID: PMC5313187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulating data have recently underlined argon´s neuroprotective potential. However, to the best of our knowledge, no data are available on the cerebrovascular effects of argon (Ar) in humans. We hypothesized that argon inhalation does not affect mean blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (Vmca), cerebral flow index (FI), zero flow pressure (ZFP), effective cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPe), resistance area product (RAP) and the arterio-jugular venous content differences of oxygen (AJVDO2), glucose (AJVDG), and lactate (AJVDL) in anesthetized patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a secondary analysis of an earlier controlled cross-over trial we compared parameters of the cerebral circulation under 15 minutes exposure to 70%Ar/30%O2 versus 70%N2/30%O2 in 29 male patients under fentanyl-midazolam anaesthesia before coronary surgery. Vmca was measured by transcranial Doppler sonography. ZFP and RAP were estimated by linear regression analysis of pressure-flow velocity relationships of the middle cerebral artery. CPPe was calculated as the difference between mean arterial pressure and ZFP. AJVDO2, AJVDG and AJVDL were calculated as the differences in contents between arterial and jugular-venous blood of oxygen, glucose, and lactate. Statistical analysis was done by t-tests and ANOVA. RESULTS Mechanical ventilation with 70% Ar did not cause any significant changes in mean arterial pressure, Vmca, FI, ZFP, CPPe, RAP, AJVDO2, AJVDG, and AJVDL. DISCUSSION Short-term inhalation of 70% Ar does not affect global cerebral circulation or metabolism in male humans under general anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Grüne
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Stephan Kazmaier
- Centre of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy (ZARI), University-Hospital of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sanne Elisabeth Hoeks
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Jan Stolker
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Coburn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Weyland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Klinikum Oldenburg, Medical Campus University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Katz I, Palgen M, Murdock J, Martin AR, Farjot G, Caillibotte G. Gas transport during in vitro and in vivo preclinical testing of inert gas therapies. Med Gas Res 2016; 6:14-19. [PMID: 27826419 PMCID: PMC5075678 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.179342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
New gas therapies using inert gases such as xenon and argon are being studied, which require in vitro and in vivo preclinical experiments. Examples of the kinetics of gas transport during such experiments are analyzed in this paper. Using analytical and numerical models, we analyze an in vitro experiment for gas transport to a 96 cell well plate and an in vivo delivery to a small animal chamber, where the key processes considered are the wash-in of test gas into an apparatus dead volume, the diffusion of test gas through the liquid media in a well of a cell test plate, and the pharmacokinetics in a rat. In the case of small animals in a chamber, the key variable controlling the kinetics is the chamber wash-in time constant that is a function of the chamber volume and the gas flow rate. For cells covered by a liquid media the diffusion of gas through the liquid media is the dominant mechanism, such that liquid depth and the gas diffusion constant are the key parameters. The key message from these analyses is that the transport of gas during preclinical experiments can be important in determining the true dose as experienced at the site of action in an animal or to a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Katz
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Marc Palgen
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jacqueline Murdock
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Andrew R Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB T6G 2G8, Canada
| | - Géraldine Farjot
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Georges Caillibotte
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 78354, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Hafner C, Qi H, Soto-Gonzalez L, Doerr K, Ullrich R, Tretter EV, Markstaller K, Klein KU. Argon Preconditioning Protects Airway Epithelial Cells against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress. Eur Surg Res 2016; 57:252-262. [PMID: 27560977 DOI: 10.1159/000448682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is the predominant pathogenic mechanism of ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The noble gas argon has been shown to alleviate oxidative stress-related myocardial and cerebral injury. The risk of lung IR injury is increased in some major surgeries, reducing clinical outcome. However, no study has examined the lung-protective efficacy of argon preconditioning. The present study investigated the protective effects of argon preconditioning on airway epithelial cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress. METHODS A549 airway epithelial cells were treated with a cytotoxic concentration of H2O2 after exposure to standard air or 30 or 50% argon/21% oxygen/5% carbon dioxide/rest nitrogen for 30, 45 or 180 min. Cells were stained with annexin V/propidium iodide, and apoptosis was evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Protective signalling pathways activated by argon exposure were identified by Western blot analysis for phosphorylated candidate molecules of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B (Akt) pathways. RESULTS Preconditioning with 50% argon for 30, 45 and 180 min and 30% argon for 180 min caused significant protection of A549 cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis, with increases in cellular viability of 5-47% (p < 0.0001). A small adverse effect was also observed, which presented as a 12-15% increase in cellular necrosis in argon-treated groups. Argon exposure resulted in early activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, peaking 10- 30 min after the start of preconditioning, and delayed activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway, peaking after 60-90 min. CONCLUSIONS Argon preconditioning protects airway epithelial cells from H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death. Argon activates the JNK, p38, and ERK1/2 pathways, but not the Akt pathway. The cytoprotective properties of argon suggest possible prophylactic applications in surgery-related IR injury of the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hafner
- Department of Anaesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Faure A, Bruzzese L, Steinberg JG, Jammes Y, Torrents J, Berdah SV, Garnier E, Legris T, Loundou A, Chalopin M, Magalon G, Guieu R, Fenouillet E, Lechevallier E. Effectiveness of pure argon for renal transplant preservation in a preclinical pig model of heterotopic autotransplantation. J Transl Med 2016; 14:40. [PMID: 26847569 PMCID: PMC4743167 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In kidney transplantation, the conditions of organ preservation following removal influence function recovery. Current static preservation procedures are generally based on immersion in a cold-storage solution used under atmospheric air (approximately 78 kPa N2, 21 kPa O2, 1 kPa Ar). Research on static cold-preservation solutions has stalled, and modifying the gas composition of the storage medium for improving preservation was considered. Organoprotective strategies successfully used noble gases and we addressed here the effects of argon and xenon on graft preservation in an established preclinical pig model of autotransplantation. METHODS The preservation solution Celsior saturated with pure argon (Argon-Celsior) or xenon (Xenon-Celsior) at atmospheric pressure was tested versus Celsior saturated with atmospheric air (Air-Celsior). The left kidney was removed, and Air-Celsior (n = 8 pigs), Argon-Celsior (n = 8) or Xenon-Celsior (n = 6) was used at 4 °C to flush and store the transplant for 30 h, a duration that induced ischemic injury in our model when Air-Celsior was used. Heterotopic autotransplantation and contralateral nephrectomy were performed. Animals were followed for 21 days. RESULTS The use of Argon-Celsior vs. Air-Celsior: (1) improved function recovery as monitored via creatinine clearance, the fraction of excreted sodium and tubulopathy duration; (2) enabled diuresis recovery 2-3 days earlier; (3) improved survival (7/8 vs. 3/8 pigs survived at postoperative day-21); (4) decreased tubular necrosis, interstitial fibrosis, apoptosis and inflammation, and preserved tissue structures as observed after the natural death/euthanasia; (5) stimulated plasma antioxidant defences during the days following transplantation as shown by monitoring the "reduced ascorbic acid/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances" ratio and Hsp27 expression; (6) limited the inflammatory response as shown by expression of TNF-alpha, IL1-beta and IL6 as observed after the natural death/euthanasia. Conversely, Xenon-Celsior was detrimental, no animal surviving by day-8 in a context where functional recovery, renal tissue properties and the antioxidant and inflammation responses were significantly altered. Thus, the positive effects of argon were not attributable to the noble gases as a group. CONCLUSIONS The saturation of Celsior with argon improved early functional recovery, graft quality and survival. Manipulating the gas composition of a preservation medium constitutes therefore a promising approach to improve preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Faure
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France.
| | - Laurie Bruzzese
- UMR MD2 & IRBA, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | | | - Yves Jammes
- UMR MD2 & IRBA, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Julia Torrents
- Department of Pathology, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France.
| | - Stephane V Berdah
- C.E.R.C, Aix-Marseille University, Faculty of Medicine, Marseille, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Garnier
- C.E.R.C, Aix-Marseille University, Faculty of Medicine, Marseille, France.
| | - Tristan Legris
- Department of Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France.
| | - Anderson Loundou
- Public Health Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Matthieu Chalopin
- Air Liquide Medical Gases Group, Air Liquide sante International-Claude Delorme Research Center, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Guy Magalon
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France.
| | - Regis Guieu
- UMR MD2 & IRBA, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Emmanuel Fenouillet
- UMR MD2 & IRBA, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France. .,Institut des Sciences Biologiques, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Eric Lechevallier
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Aix-Marseille University, APHM, Marseille, France.
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Katz I, Murdock J, Palgen M, Pype J, Caillibotte G. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the chronic administration of the inert gases Xe and Ar using a physiological based model. Med Gas Res 2015; 5:8. [PMID: 26113973 PMCID: PMC4480577 DOI: 10.1186/s13618-015-0029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New gas therapies using inert gases such as xenon and argon are being studied, which would require chronically administered repeating doses. The pharmacokinetics of this type of administration has not been addressed in the literature. Methods A physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) model for humans, pigs, mice, and rats has been developed to investigate the unique aspects of the chronic administration of inert gas therapies. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) models are as follows: absorption in all compartments is assumed to be perfusion limited, no metabolism of the gases occurs, and excretion is only the reverse process of absorption through the lungs and exhaled. Results The model has shown that there can be a residual dose, equivalent to constant administration, for chronic repeated dosing of xenon in humans. However, this is not necessarily the case for small animals used in pre-clinical studies. Conclusions The use of standard pharmacokinetics parameters such as area under the curve would be more appropriate to assess the delivered dose of chronic gas administration than the gas concentration in the delivery system that is typically reported in the scientific literature because species and gas differences can result in very different delivered doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Katz
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 1, chemin de la Porte des Loges, BP126 - 78354 Jouy en Josas, France ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18042 USA
| | - Jacqueline Murdock
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 1, chemin de la Porte des Loges, BP126 - 78354 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Marc Palgen
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 1, chemin de la Porte des Loges, BP126 - 78354 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jan Pype
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 1, chemin de la Porte des Loges, BP126 - 78354 Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Georges Caillibotte
- Medical R&D, Air Liquide Santé International, Centre de Recherche Paris-Saclay, 1, chemin de la Porte des Loges, BP126 - 78354 Jouy en Josas, France
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Smit KF, Weber NC, Hollmann MW, Preckel B. Noble gases as cardioprotectants - translatability and mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2062-73. [PMID: 25363501 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Several noble gases, although classified as inert substances, exert a tissue-protective effect in different experimental models when applied before organ ischaemia as an early or late preconditioning stimulus, after ischaemia as a post-conditioning stimulus or when given in combination before, during and/or after ischaemia. A wide range of organs can be protected by these inert substances, in particular cardiac and neuronal tissue. In this review we summarize the data on noble gas-induced cardioprotection, focusing on the underlying protective mechanisms. We will also look at translatability of experimental data to the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten F Smit
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Laboratory of Experimental Intensive Care and Anaesthesiology (L.E.I.C.A), Academic Medical Centre (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Prien T, Meineke I, Züchner K, Boanţă A, Rathgeber J. Oxygen 93: a new option for European hospitals. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113:886-7. [PMID: 25326481 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Argon: systematic review on neuro- and organoprotective properties of an "inert" gas. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18175-96. [PMID: 25310646 PMCID: PMC4227210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Argon belongs to the group of noble gases, which are regarded as chemically inert. Astonishingly some of these gases exert biological properties and during the last decades more and more reports demonstrated neuroprotective and organoprotective effects. Recent studies predominately use in vivo or in vitro models for ischemic pathologies to investigate the effect of argon treatment. Promising data has been published concerning pathologies like cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. However, models applied and administration of the therapeutic gas vary. Here we provide a systematic review to summarize the available data on argon's neuro- and organoprotective effects and discuss its possible mechanism of action. We aim to provide a summary to allow further studies with a more homogeneous setting to investigate possible clinical applications of argon.
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Postresuscitation Treatment With Argon Improves Early Neurological Recovery in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest. Shock 2014; 41:72-8. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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