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Stefania O, Marie-Caroline F, Michel Y. Postmortem concentrations for total blood carbon monoxide (TBCO) as novel biomarker for carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings. J Anal Toxicol 2024:bkae033. [PMID: 38662395 DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Total Blood Carbon Monoxide (TBCO) showed promising results in improving accuracy of CO determinations in blood and presenting better stability to different storage conditions. Therefore, it was proposed as alternative biomarker to carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) for CO poisoning diagnosis. However, given that current interpretation reference values exist for COHb only, it is difficult to implement TBCO analysis in routine. Therefore, we aimed at determining TBCO reference values for postmortem CO poisoning cases. A previously validated method for TBCO analysis via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to cardiac, peripheral, cranial and spleen blood samples collected from 92 autopsies. Autopsy cases included 21 non-CO related and 71 CO-related cases with varying postmortem intervals (PMI). Statistical analyses were performed using statistical software R Studio. When comparing lower to higher PMI for non-CO related cases, no significant differences were found, which suggests that CO formation or degradation at low PMIs does not occur. Spleen blood showed potential as alternative matrix for CO determinations in cases with sample availability issues, but needs to be evaluated for CO positive cases. Results for cardiac blood in CO-related autopsies showed a positive correlation between COHb and TBCO values (R = 0.78). This value is lower than what is found in the literature, suggesting that even though COHb and TBCO are correlated, a potential underestimation of the true CO exposure might occur if only COHb values are taken into consideration. Samples were divided into CO exposure groups based on COHb concentrations and with the data obtained, classification into following TBCO concentration groups are proposed: no significant CO exposure case <6 µmol/mL, medium CO exposure case 6-20 µmol/mL, high CO exposure case >20µmol/mL. Even if a higher number of samples in each group would enable to increase the confidence, these results are very promising and highlight the importance of TBCO measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliverio Stefania
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratoire National de Santé, 1 Rue Louis Rech, 3555 Dudelange, Luxemburg
- Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine Lausanne-Geneva, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferger Marie-Caroline
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratoire National de Santé, 1 Rue Louis Rech, 3555 Dudelange, Luxemburg
| | - Yegles Michel
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratoire National de Santé, 1 Rue Louis Rech, 3555 Dudelange, Luxemburg
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Zhang Y, Wang T, Wang S, Zhuang X, Li J, Guo S, Lei J. Gray matter atrophy and white matter lesions burden in delayed cognitive decline following carbon monoxide poisoning. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26656. [PMID: 38530116 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gray matter (GM) atrophy and white matter (WM) lesions may contribute to cognitive decline in patients with delayed neurological sequelae (DNS) after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. However, there is currently a lack of evidence supporting this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the volume of GM, cortical thickness, and burden of WM lesions in 33 DNS patients with dementia, 24 DNS patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 51 healthy controls. Various methods, including voxel-based, deformation-based, surface-based, and atlas-based analyses, were used to examine GM structures. Furthermore, we explored the connection between GM volume changes, WM lesions burden, and cognitive decline. Compared to the healthy controls, both patient groups exhibited widespread GM atrophy in the cerebral cortices (for volume and cortical thickness), subcortical nuclei (for volume), and cerebellum (for volume) (p < .05 corrected for false discovery rate [FDR]). The total volume of GM atrophy in 31 subregions, which included the default mode network (DMN), visual network (VN), and cerebellar network (CN) (p < .05, FDR-corrected), independently contributed to the severity of cognitive impairment (p < .05). Additionally, WM lesions impacted cognitive decline through both direct and indirect effects, with the latter mediated by volume reduction in 16 subregions of cognitive networks (p < .05). These preliminary findings suggested that both GM atrophy and WM lesions were involved in cognitive decline in DNS patients following CO poisoning. Moreover, the reduction in the volume of DMN, VN, and posterior CN nodes mediated the WM lesions-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Zhang
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tianhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuaiwen Wang
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xin Zhuang
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianlin Li
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shunlin Guo
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Junqiang Lei
- Deparment of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Radiological Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- The Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Accurate Image Collaborative Innovation International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Li R, Wang Y, Li H, Liu J, Liu S. Two similar carbon monoxide poisoning cases with different outcomes: evidence from longitudinal fMRI. Neurocase 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38406979 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2024.2315858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Prognosis after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is difficult to assess using structural images. Functional connectivity provided by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may explain the mechanism of differential prognosis. We report here two cases of carbon monoxide poisoning with simultaneous coma. They were nearly normal on days 7-8, but diagnosed with delayed neurological sequelae (DNS) with cognitive and motor impairments on days 22-29. Similar Methylprednisolone pulse therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy were given to them. The movement disorder of case 1 improved slightly during the recovery stage, while the movement disorder of case 2 worsened significantly. In case 1, the function of supplementary motor area decreased first and then increased, and the function of pallidum increased first and then decreased. Case 2 showed a reduction in the supplementary motor area and small changes in the pallidum after DNS, but both were reduced during recovery stage. The cognitive ability of case 1 remained poor, while that of case 2 improved during the recovery stage. FMRI showed damage to the right and bilateral hippocampus in case 1 and partial damage to the left hippocampus in case 2. Taken together, fMRI can be a useful method to study functional connectivity abnormalities corresponding to different prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Center, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Gao X, Wei W, Yang GD. Clinical factors for delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae from acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a retrospective study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1333197. [PMID: 38371510 PMCID: PMC10869438 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1333197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS), which seriously affect the daily lives of patients, are the most common complications of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. No uniform screening tool is available for identifying high-risk groups. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore whether conventional laboratory indicators and imaging data from primary hospitals could predict the occurrence of DNS. Methods This retrospective observational study was conducted in a single-center primary hospital from January 1, 2021 to May 31, 2023. Participants included patients aged >18 years with acute CO poisoning. Patients with complete recovery in the acute phase were followed up by telephone and outpatient visits, and the presence of DNS was determined according to the occurrence of new neurological symptoms within 6 weeks after discharge. We obtained demographic, laboratory, and imaging data from the medical records and performed a univariate analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify independent clinical predictors of DNS. Results A total of 73 patients were included in the study, of whom 25 (34.2%) developed DNS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a longer duration of CO exposure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.262, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.069-1.490) and the presence of acute brain lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (AOR: 5.117, 95% CI: 1.430-18.315) were independent risk factors for DNS. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of the duration of CO exposure were performed (area under the curve (AUC): 0.825; 95% CI: 0.731-0.918) with a cut-off value of 5.5 h, and DNS was predicted with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 66.7%. Conclusion High cranial DWI signal within 24 h and duration of poisoning longer than 5.5 h are independent predictors of DNS. The predictive effects of conventional laboratory indicators require further standardized and large-sample studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guo-Dong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Jiu Jiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
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Dent MR, Rose JJ, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: From Microbes to Therapeutics. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:337-351. [PMID: 37582490 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning leads to 50,000-100,000 emergency room visits and 1,500-2,000 deaths each year in the United States alone. Even with treatment, survivors often suffer from long-term cardiac and neurocognitive deficits, highlighting a clear unmet medical need for novel therapeutic strategies that reduce morbidity and mortality associated with CO poisoning. This review examines the prevalence and impact of CO poisoning and pathophysiology in humans and highlights recent advances in therapeutic strategies that accelerate CO clearance and mitigate toxicity. We focus on recent developments of high-affinity molecules that take advantage of the uniquely strong interaction between CO and heme to selectively bind and sequester CO in preclinical models. These scavengers, which employ heme-binding scaffolds ranging from organic small molecules to hemoproteins derived from humans and potentially even microorganisms, show promise as field-deployable antidotes that may rapidly accelerate CO clearance and improve outcomes for survivors of acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
| | - Jason J Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
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Choi S, Nah S, Han S. Correlation between Time to Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Delayed Neurological Sequelae in Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38248063 PMCID: PMC10814448 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most common causes of intoxication. Delayed neurologic sequelae (DNS) have a major impact on prognosis of CO poisoning patients. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is widely used to treat DNS. However, there is no consensus regarding the optimal timing of HBOT. This prospective study enrolled patients who visited the hospital from November 2019 to October 2022. The cutoff value for the latency to HBOT after CO exposure was determined, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was estimated. In total, 167 patients were divided into non-DNS and DNS groups. The initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, CO exposure time, latency to HBOT after CO exposure, median length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and creatine kinase (p = 0.016) showed significant differences. A GCS score ≤ 9 had an odds ratio (OR) of 5.059 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.602-15.976, p = 0.006), and latency to HBOT after CO exposure ≥ 200 min had an OR of 18.971 (95% CI: 4.310-83.508, p < 0.001). The AUC was 0.8235 (95% CI: 0.7504-0.8966). A GCS score ≤ 9 and latency to HBOT ≥ 200 min may be significant risk factors for DNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sangsoo Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea; (S.C.); (S.N.)
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Simonit F, Da Broi U, Angeli F, Innocenti D, Desinan L. A charred body inside a burning car with a garden hose connected to the exhaust pipe: Post-mortem self-immolation, a complex or a complicated suicide after the ingestion of alcohol? The importance of an interdisciplinary approach. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:341-345. [PMID: 37787181 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of charred bodies represents a serious challenge for forensic pathologists, and an interdisciplinary approach is often the only way to determine the cause and manner of death. We present an unusual case in which the charred body of a 61-year-old man was found inside his burning vehicle. In order to determine cause and manner of death, an interdisciplinary team was employed, with experts in forensic pathology, forensic radiology, toxicology and fire investigations. Post-mortem computed tomography, autopsy and toxicology ruled out the presence of trauma injury and detected signs of vital exposure to fire and blood alcohol levels. On the other hand, according to fire investigations, the fire started inside the car and partially burned fragments of a garden hose were found along the right side of the car. A suicide could therefore be hypothesized, with the man having attempted to poison himself with the car's exhaust fumes and having set the car on fire. The death was consistent with a complicated suicide in which the victim, in a state of reduced capability, accidentally set his car on fire and was unable to escape. The hypothesis of a complex suicide, with the car having been set deliberately on fire, could not, however, be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Simonit
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Medicina Legale, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Ugo Da Broi
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Medicina Legale, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Dario Innocenti
- Dipartimento di Studi Umanistici DIUM, Università degli Studi di Udine, ne, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Desinan
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Medicina Legale, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
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Wankhade BS, Shaikh WS, Alrais ZF, ElKhouly AE, Salman AA. Neurological Sequelae After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Cureus 2024; 16:e52840. [PMID: 38406153 PMCID: PMC10884778 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) is a common cause of death due to poisoning. After COP, a significant number of patients may develop a distinct type of neurological dysfunction called delayed neurological sequel (DNS). Recently, we came across a disaster of COP cases after a fire in a shared accommodation. The hostel was overcrowded and had a faulty air-conditioning/exhaust system. A total of five patients with loss of consciousness and shock were brought to us. They were diagnosed with acute COP based on their history of exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels in blood gas measurements. All patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Standard intensive care management was given to them, which included oxygenation, sedation, fluid resuscitation, and vasopressors. Their carboxyhemoglobin was rapidly reversed with normobaric oxygen therapy (NBO2). Three patients showed good response and neurological recovery after NBO2. Unfortunately, two patients developed DNS. DNS is a neuropsychological condition that may have cognitive, psychiatric, vestibulocochlear, motor, sensory, or diffuse demyelinating effects after COP. DNS is diagnosed in patients with a typical history of exposure to CO and a constellation of signs and symptoms. Neuroimaging, specifically magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with gadolinium contrast, is the method of choice for diagnosis. Treatment of DNS after COP begins with anticipation. All patients should receive appropriate oxygen therapy to bring down carboxyhemoglobin as soon as possible. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) for the treatment of COP and prevention of DNS is still debatable. In the available medical literature, there are conflicting recommendations regarding the use of HBO2 in COP/DNS. Moreover, apart from a lack of consensus, there is also a lack of clarity about optimum timing, duration, atmospheric pressure, and number of sessions of HBO2 in preventing DNS after COP. The development of DNS after COP is not directly responsible for mortality, but recovery sometimes takes a long time, which can contribute to increased morbidity and costs of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wasim Shabbir Shaikh
- Critical Care Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, ARE
| | - Zeyad Faoor Alrais
- Critical Care Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, ARE
| | - Adel Elsaid ElKhouly
- Critical Care Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, ARE
| | - Ammar Ali Salman
- Critical Care Medicine, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, ARE
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Ramponi G, Gianni F, Karlafti E, Piazza I, Albertoni F, Colombo G, Casazza G, Garegnani A, Casella R, Costantino G. The diagnostic accuracy of carbon monoxide pulse oximetry in adults with suspected acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1250845. [PMID: 38223786 PMCID: PMC10786445 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1250845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) is one of the leading causes of intoxication among patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). COP symptoms are not always specific and may vary from mild to critical. In the last few years, COHb pulse oximeters have been developed and applied to the setting of suspected COP. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CO pulse oximetry (SpCO) with carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels measured by blood gas analysis, used as a reference standard, in patients with suspected COP. Methods We developed our search strategy according to the PICOS framework, population, index/intervention, comparison, outcome, and study, considering the diagnostic accuracy of SpCO compared to COHb levels measured by blood gas analysis, used as a reference standard, in patients with suspected COP enrolled in cross-sectional studies in English. The search was performed on MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE in February 2022. Quality assessment was performed using the QUADAS-2 methodology. A COHb cutoff of 10% was chosen to test the sensitivity and specificity of the index test. A bivariate model was used to perform the meta-analysis. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022359144). Results A total of six studies (1734 patients) were included. The pooled sensitivity of the test was 0.65 (95% CI 0.44-0.81), and the pooled specificity was 0.93 (95% CI 0.83-0.98). The pooled LR+ was 9.4 (95% CI 4.4 to 20.1), and the pooled LR- was 0.38 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.62). Conclusion Our results show that SpCO cannot be used as a screening tool for COP in the ED due to its low sensitivity. Because of its high LR+, it would be interesting to evaluate, if SpCO could have a role in the prehospital setting as a tool to quickly identify COP patients and prioritize their transport to specialized hospitals on larger samples with a prospective design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Ramponi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Pronto Soccorso, Dipartimento di Emergenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleni Karlafti
- Emergency Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isabelle Piazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Pronto Soccorso, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Pronto Soccorso, Dipartimento di Emergenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Pronto Soccorso, Dipartimento di Emergenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Garegnani
- Pronto Soccorso, Dipartimento di Emergenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Casella
- Pronto Soccorso, Dipartimento di Emergenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Costantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Pronto Soccorso, Dipartimento di Emergenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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10
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Bagares LJ, Mejia PRP, Punsalan RB. Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in a Filipino Household: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e50211. [PMID: 38192922 PMCID: PMC10772852 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
There are multiple reports already regarding acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the Philippines secondary to the misuse of portable generators, especially during times of typhoons. We present a case of unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning in a Filipino household wherein our index patient is among the five members who were unconscious before they were rushed to the hospital. Three of the household members, on the other hand, were found dead. The index patient had an increased serum fraction percentage of carboxyhemoglobin level and presented with rhabdomyolysis during admission. Neuroimaging confirmed a hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy secondary to carbon monoxide intoxication. Even without hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the patient improved with adequate hydration, early rehabilitation, and trauma-focused psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louraine J Bagares
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Neurology, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, PHL
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan, PHL
| | - Philip Rico P Mejia
- Department of Neurology, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, PHL
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan, PHL
| | - Rene B Punsalan
- Department of Neurology, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, PHL
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, San Juan, PHL
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Oliverio S. Current challenges in carbon monoxide poisoning diagnosis from an analytical perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1304294. [PMID: 38020111 PMCID: PMC10662327 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1304294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Oliverio
- Forensic Toxicology Service, Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
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12
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Liu H, Zheng H, Zhang G, Zhuang J, Li W, Wu B, Zheng W. A Graph Theory Study of Resting-State Functional MRI Connectivity in Children With Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:1452-1459. [PMID: 36994898 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning on the topology of brain functional networks is unclear, especially in children whose brains are still developing. PURPOSE To investigate the topological alterations of the whole-brain functional connectome in children with CO poisoning and characterize its relationship with disease severity. STUDY TYPE Cross-sectional and prospective study. SUBJECTS A total of 26 patients with CO poisoning and 26 healthy controls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T MRI system/echo planar imaging (EPI) and 3D brain volume imaging (BRAVO) sequences. ASSESSMENT We used the network-based statistics (NBS) method to explore between-group differences in functional connectivity strength and a graph-theoretical-based analytic method to explore the topology of brain networks. STATISTICAL TESTS Student's t-test, chi-square test, NBS, Pearson correlation coefficient, and false discovery rate correction. The statistical significance threshold was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The case group's brain functional network topology was impaired in comparison to the control group (reduced global efficiency and small-worldness, increased characteristic path length). According to node and edge analyses, the case group showed topologically damaged regions in the frontal lobe and basal ganglia, as well as neuronal circuits with weaker connections. Also, there was a significant correlation between the patients' coma time and the degree (r = -0.4564), efficiency (r = -0.4625), and characteristic path length (r = 0.4383) of the nodes in the left orbital inferior frontal gyrus. Carbon monoxide hemoglobin content (COHb) concentration and right rolandic operculum node characteristic path length (r = -0.3894) were significantly correlated. The node efficiency and node degree of the right middle frontal gyrus (r = 0.4447 and 0.4539) and right pallidum (r = 0.4136 and 0.4501) significantly correlated with the MMSE score. DATA CONCLUSION The brain network topology of CO poisoned children is damaged, which is manifested by reduced network integration and may lead to a series of clinical symptoms in patients. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2. TECHNICAL EFFICACY Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongKun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - HongYi Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - GengBiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - JiaYan Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - WeiJia Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - BiXia Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - WenBin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Zhu LX, Chen XF, Li FM, Feng PF. Meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of Xingnaojing and naloxone in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33199. [PMID: 37832102 PMCID: PMC10578674 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Xingnaojing combined with naloxone in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. METHODS By retrieving the literatures published in the databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang Database, Weipu Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from January 2010 to September 2021, the data of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Xingnaojing combined with naloxone in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning were extracted. The methodological quality of the included RCTs was evaluated by using the tools of bias risk evaluation of Cochrane Collaboration, and the data were statistically analyzed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 20 literatures were included, involving in 771 cases treated by Xingnaojing combined with naloxone and 761 cases in the control group. The effective rate of the experimental group is higher than that of the control group [risk ratio (RR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.14, 1.26)]. The average awake time (STD mean difference = -2.08, 95% CI [-2.60, -1.56]), physical recovery time (STD mean difference = -2.94, 95% CI [-3.59, -2.28]), delayed encephalopathy (RR = 0.44, 95% CI [0.31, 0.62]), and adverse reactions (RR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.10, 0.54]) was lower than that of the control group. CONCLUSION Xingnaojing combined with naloxone in the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning is significantly superior to naloxone, but it still needs to be further verified by high-quality large samples of RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Xun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First Peoples Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First Peoples Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Mei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao West Coast New Area District Hospital, Qingdao Shi, Shan Dong Sheng, P. R. China
| | - Pan-Feng Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, and First Peoples Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Lyon M, Fehlmann CA, Augsburger M, Schaller T, Zimmermann-Ivol C, Celi J, Gartner BA, Lorenzon N, Sarasin F, Suppan L. Evaluation of a Portable Blood Gas Analyzer for Prehospital Triage in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Instrument Validation Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e48057. [PMID: 37801355 PMCID: PMC10589834 DOI: 10.2196/48057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Symptoms are mostly aspecific, making it hard to identify, and its diagnosis is usually made through blood gas analysis. However, the bulkiness of gas analyzers prevents them from being used at the scene of the incident, thereby leading to the unnecessary transport and admission of many patients. While multiple-wavelength pulse oximeters have been developed to discriminate carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) from oxyhemoglobin, their reliability is debatable, particularly in the hostile prehospital environment. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this pilot study was to assess whether the Avoximeter 4000, a transportable blood gas analyzer, could be considered for prehospital triage. METHODS This was a monocentric, prospective, pilot evaluation study. Blood samples were analyzed sequentially with 2 devices: the Avoximeter 4000 (experimental), which performs direct measurements on blood samples of about 50 µL by analyzing light absorption at 5 different wavelengths; and the ABL827 FLEX (control), which measures COHb levels through an optical system composed of a 128-wavelength spectrophotometer. The blood samples belonged to 2 different cohorts: the first (clinical cohort) was obtained in an emergency department and consisted of 68 samples drawn from patients admitted for reasons other than CO poisoning. These samples were used to determine whether the Avoximeter 4000 could properly exclude the diagnosis. The second (forensic) cohort was derived from the regional forensic center, which provided 12 samples from documented CO poisoning. RESULTS The mean COHb level in the clinical cohort was 1.7% (SD 1.8%; median 1.2%, IQR 0.7%-1.9%) with the ABL827 FLEX versus 3.5% (SD 2.3%; median 3.1%, IQR 2.2%-4.1%) with the Avoximeter 4000. Therefore, the Avoximeter 4000 overestimated COHb levels by a mean difference of 1.8% (95% CI 1.5%-2.1%). The consistency of COHb readings by the Avoximeter 4000 was excellent, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.97 (95% CI 0.93-0.99) when the same blood sample was analyzed repeatedly. Using prespecified cutoffs (5% in nonsmokers and 10% in smokers), 3 patients (4%) had high COHb levels according to the Avoximeter 4000, while their values were within the normal range according to the ABL827 FLEX. Therefore, the specificity of the Avoximeter 4000 in this cohort was 95.6% (95% CI 87%-98.6%), and the overtriage rate would have been 4.4% (95% CI 1.4%-13%). Regarding the forensic samples, 10 of 12 (83%) samples were positive with both devices, while the 2 remaining samples were negative with both devices. CONCLUSIONS The limited difference in COHb level measurements between the Avoximeter 4000 and the control device, which erred on the side of safety, and the relatively low overtriage rate warrant further exploration of this device as a prehospital triage tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Lyon
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Alain Fehlmann
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Augsburger
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology and Chemistry, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne-Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schaller
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Zimmermann-Ivol
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Celi
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Andrea Gartner
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Lorenzon
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Sarasin
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Suppan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Babacan A. Diagnostic accuracy of carboxyhemoglobin saturation with pulse CO-oximetry in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:964-969. [PMID: 37915482 PMCID: PMC10615832 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Carboxyhemoglobin saturation (SpCO)with pulse CO-oximetry is an alternative method in CO poisoning; however, the correlation of it with blood carboxyhemoglobin level (COHb) is still debated.The study aimed to evaluate the correlation between SpCO and venous COHb level and factors associated with the diagnostic accuracy of SpCO. Material and methods SpCO and venous COHb levels of patients with CO poisoning, according to a COHb level was 3%, were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, 95% CI (confidence interval), and the cut-off value of SpCO were calculated using ROC analysis at a 10% threshold for COHb. Agreement levels were calculated with Bland-Altman analysis. Risk factors affecting diagnostic accuracy were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results If the 10% threshold of COHb was accepted as the diagnostic threshold for CO poisoning, the sensitivity and specificity of SpCO were 98.4% and 100% (95% CI: 0.996-1.000) at the 6.85 cut-off point of SpCO. The scatter plot of COHb and SpCO showed a strong positive relationship at values of presentation and discharge (r = .979, p<0.001; r = .969, p<0.001). With a bias of 3.1% for the mean difference between-COHb and SpCO, the limits of agreement from Bland- Altman analysis were -0.7 to 7.1. For the 10% threshold, age and male gender have significantly increased false negativity rates (B = .074, p = 0.010, and B = 0.252, p = 0.011, respectively). Conclusion SpCO is a reliable method with high sensitivity and specificity; therefore, a lower cut-off points of SpCO compared to COHb level may be accepted to diagnose and follow-up CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Babacan
- Department of Emergency Service, Ankara Dr Abdurrahman Yurtarslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Takeuchi I, Yanagawa Y. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Complicated by Ischemic Colitis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e47669. [PMID: 38021665 PMCID: PMC10671588 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 59-year-old male was found unconscious in a car filled with smoke. On arrival, he was in a semi-comatose state with hemorrhagic shock due to deep lacerations on his wrist. His carboxyhemoglobin level was 16.6%. Electrocardiography showed ST segment elevation at the precordial leads with troponin T positivity. Magnetic resonance imaging showed spotty ischemic lesions in his brain. He was treated with 100% oxygen by mechanical ventilation; however, he also developed acute respiratory distress syndrome due to an inhalation injury. His condition was complicated by bloody stools, which were judged to have been caused by ischemic colitis based on computed tomography and were managed by observation. After regaining consciousness and the improvement of the heart, lung, and bowel conditions, the patient was transported to a psychiatric hospital due to concerns regarding self-harm. Due to the small number of reported cases, the accumulation of similar cases of ischemic colitis after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is needed to clarify the characteristics of ischemic colitis after carbon monoxide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuto Takeuchi
- Acute Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, JPN
| | - Youichi Yanagawa
- Acute Critical Care Medicine, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, JPN
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17
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Hager B. Hydranencephaly following carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy: An uncommon and potentially fatal complication in infant. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1450-1453. [PMID: 37272754 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydranencephaly is a rare malformation of the brain system with an incidence of 0.5 per 1000 births. Its principal etiologies are bilateral occlusion of the internal carotid arteries and congenital infections. CASE We reported an uncommon case of hydranencephaly diagnosed in 50-day old infant and attributable to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning during the first trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS We recommend a prompt diagnosis and management of CO poisoning in pregnant women since it can dramatically affect both the fetus and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barakizou Hager
- Department of Pediatrics, Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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18
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Patel B, Omeh J, Tackling G, Gupta R, Sahadeo T, Villcant V, Dussie T, Atnas M, Hai O, Zeltser R, Makaryus AN. The Clinical Association between Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Myocardial Injury as Measured by Elevated Troponin I Levels. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5529. [PMID: 37685595 PMCID: PMC10488441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning accounts for over 50,000 estimated emergency room visits and approximately 1200 deaths per year in the US. Despite the high prevalence, there is a paucity of data looking at the association between laboratory biomarkers and clinical outcomes. Our study investigates the association between myocardial injury as assessed by increased troponin levels and its effect on in-hospital outcomes in CO poisoning. A total of 900 sequential charts of patients presenting with CO poisoning between 1 January 2012, and 31 August 2019, at our tertiary center with regional hyperbaric chamber and burn unit, were reviewed. Of the 900, a total of 488 patients had elevated carboxyhemoglobin levels. Of these 488 patients, 119 (24.4%) also had blood troponin levels measured. Patients were stratified based on the presence or absence of myocardial injury as evidenced by highly sensitive serum troponin I (TnI) level > 0.5 ng/mL to determine if a correlation exists relating to myocardial injury and risk of major adverse events. Mean age was 51.2 years, 58.8% were males, 35.3% were non-White, and 10.1% were intentional CO poisonings. Comorbidities included hypertension: 37%, diabetes: 21%, smoking: 21%, hyperlipidemia: 17.6%, coronary artery disease: 11.8%, asthma: 5.9%, heart failure: 5%, atrial fibrillation: 4.2%, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 4.2%. Myocardial injury occurred in 22 patients (18.5%) and was associated with increased likelihood of requiring intensive care admission (54.5% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.002) and intubation (40.9% vs. 14.4%, p = 0.008). TnI elevation was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (p = 0.008, OR 21.3) compared to patients without TnI elevation. Older age was independently associated with increased in-hospital mortality (p = 0.03, OR 1.08). When controlling for age, in-hospital mortality remained statistically significant (p = 0.01, OR 21.37). No significant difference was found with respect to age, comorbidities, gender, race, ethnicity, or hospital length of stay in patients with and without myocardial injury. Myocardial injury induced by CO exposure occurs frequently and adversely affects clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to help guide physicians in the management of CO poisoning and associated myocardial injury to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Patel
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jideofor Omeh
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Gary Tackling
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Rohun Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Tiffany Sahadeo
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Viliane Villcant
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Tashina Dussie
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Mirette Atnas
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Ofek Hai
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Roman Zeltser
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
| | - Amgad N. Makaryus
- Department of Cardiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, NY 11554, USA
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19
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Etim E, Goulopoulos A, Fischbach A, Franco W. Design Optimization of a Phototherapy Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator for Treating Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:969. [PMID: 37627854 PMCID: PMC10451272 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed a photo-ECMO device to speed up the rate of carbon monoxide (CO) removal by using visible light to dissociate CO from hemoglobin (Hb). Using computational fluid dynamics, fillets of different radii (5 cm and 10 cm) were applied to the square shape of a photo-ECMO device to reduce stagnant blood flow regions and increase the treated blood volume while being constrained by full light penetration. The blood flow at different flow rates and the thermal load imposed by forty external light sources at 623 nm were modeled using the Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion equations. The particle residence times were also analyzed to determine the time the blood remained in the device. There was a reduction in the blood flow stagnation as the fillet radii increased. The maximum temperature change for all the geometries was below 4 °C. The optimized device with a fillet radius of 5 cm and a blood priming volume of up to 208 cm3 should decrease the time needed to treat CO poisoning without exceeding the critical threshold for protein denaturation. This technology has the potential to decrease the time for CO removal when treating patients with CO poisoning and pulmonary gas exchange inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong Etim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Anastasia Goulopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Anna Fischbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walfre Franco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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20
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Papin M, Latour C, Leclère B, Javaudin F. Accuracy of pulse CO-oximetry to evaluate blood carboxyhemoglobin level: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Eur J Emerg Med 2023; 30:233-243. [PMID: 37171830 PMCID: PMC10306338 DOI: 10.1097/mej.0000000000001043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common causes of poisoning death and its diagnosis requires an elevated carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level. Noninvasive CO saturation by pulse oximetry (SpCO) has been available since 2005 and has the advantage of being portable and easy to use, but its accuracy in determining blood COHb level is controversial. To evaluate the accuracy of SpCO (index test) to estimate COHb (reference test). Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies. Four electronic databases were searched (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and OpenGrey) on 2 August 2022. All studies of all designs published since the 2000s evaluating the accuracy and reliability of SpCO measurement compared to blood COHb levels in human volunteers or ill patients, including children, were included. The primary outcome was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of SpCO for estimating COHb by blood sampling by modeling receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating sensitivity and specificity (primary measures). The secondary measures were to calculate the limits of agreement (LOA) and the mean bias. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis-DTA 2018 guidelines and has been registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42020177940). The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 tool. Twenty-one studies were eligible for the systematic review; 11 could be included for the quantitative analysis of the primary measures and 18 for the secondary measures. No publication bias was found. The area under the summary ROC curve was equal to 86%. The mean sensitivity and specificity were 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.66-0.85) and 0.83, 95% CI (0.74-0.89), respectively (2089 subjects and 3381 observations). The mean bias was 0.75% and the LOA was -7.08% to 8.57%, 95% CI (-8.89 to 10.38) (2794 subjects and 4646 observations). Noninvasive measurement of COHb (SpCO) using current pulse CO oximeters do not seem to be highly accurate to estimate blood COHb (moderate sensitivity and specificity, large LOA). They should probably not be used to confirm (rule-in) or exclude (rule-out) CO poisoning with certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Papin
- Emergency Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes
| | - Chloé Latour
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of Pontivy, Pontivy
| | - Brice Leclère
- Department of Medical Evaluation and Epidemiology, Nantes University Hospital
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité, UR1155 IICiMed, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - François Javaudin
- Emergency Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes
- Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité, UR1155 IICiMed, Nantes University, Nantes, France
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Alarbi KMS, Baghi MA, Varikkodan I, Sirajudeen J, Al-Aani F, Purayil N, Naushad VA. Acute Cardiomyopathy and Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequelae of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e42701. [PMID: 37654911 PMCID: PMC10465715 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless and colorless gas that is formed by the combustion of hydrocarbon. CO poisoning is not an uncommon phenomenon that can have serious consequences for morbidity and mortality. The most frequent causes of accidental poisoning include smoke inhalation from fires, malfunctioning heating devices, smoke from motor vehicles in a poorly ventilated or enclosed space, and electrical cable fires. CO has a higher affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen leading to the formation of carboxyhemoglobin. It impairs the oxygen transport and cytochrome chain which, therefore, leads to further cellular and immunological changes. Here, we present a case of CO poisoning resulting in combined cardiac and neuropsychiatric complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed A Baghi
- Internal Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, QAT
- Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT
| | - Irfan Varikkodan
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
- Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Jaseem Sirajudeen
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical corporation, Doha, QAT
- Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
| | - Fuad Al-Aani
- Internal Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, QAT
- Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT
| | - Nishan Purayil
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
- Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
- Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT
| | - Vamanjore A Naushad
- Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
- Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, QAT
- Clinical Department, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, QAT
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Jung MH, Lee J, Oh J, Ko BS, Lim TH, Kang H, Cho Y, Yoo KH, Lee SH, Sohn CH, Kim WY. Effectiveness of Initial Troponin I and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels as Biomarkers for Predicting Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Patients with CO Poisoning: A Retrospective Multicenter Observational Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:921. [PMID: 37373910 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS) are a severe complication of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, and predicting DNS is difficult. This study aimed to investigate whether cardiac markers can be used as biomarkers to predict DNS occurrence following acute CO poisoning. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study that included patients with acute CO poisoning who visited two emergency medical centers in Korea from January 2008 to December 2020. The primary outcome was whether the occurrence of DNS was associated with laboratory results. RESULTS Of the 1327 patients with CO poisoning, 967 patients were included. Troponin I and BNP were significantly higher in the DNS group. As a result of multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that troponin I, mentality, creatine kinase, brain natriuretic peptide, and lactate levels independently influenced DNS occurrence in CO poisoning patients. The adjusted odds ratios for DNS occurrence were 2.12 (95% CI 1.31-3.47, p = 0.002) for troponin I and 2.80 (95% CI 1.81-3.47, p < 0.001) for BNP. CONCLUSION Troponin I and BNP might be useful biomarkers for predicting the occurrence of DNS in patients with acute CO poisoning. This finding can help to identify high-risk patients who require close monitoring and early intervention to prevent DNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Hyun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Juncheol Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byuk Sung Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Ho Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunggoo Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongil Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hun Yoo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Sohn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
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Childs J, Fischbach A, Smirnov A, Farinelli B, Bühl T, Franco W, Ichinose F, Yaroslavsky L, Altshuler G, Anderson R. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenators with light-diffusing fibers for treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning: Experiments, mathematical modeling, and performance assessment with unit cells. Lasers Surg Med 2023. [PMID: 37253390 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Approximately 50,000 emergency department visits per year due to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occur in the United States alone. Tissue hypoxia can occur at very low CO concentration exposures because CO binds with a 250-fold higher affinity than oxygen to hemoglobin. The most effective therapy is 100% hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) respiration. However, there are only a limited number of cases with ready accessibility to the specialized HBO chambers. In previous studies, we developed an extracorporeal veno-venous membrane oxygenator that facilitates exposure of blood to an external visible light source to photo-dissociate carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and significantly increase CO removal from CO-poisoned blood (photo-extracorporeal veno-venous membrane oxygenator [p-ECMO]). One objective of this study was to describe in vitro experiments with different laser wavelength sources to compare CO elimination rates in a small unit-cell ECMO device integrated with a light-diffusing optical fiber. A second objective was to develop a mathematical model that predicts CO elimination rates in the unit-cell p-ECMO device design upon which larger devices can be based. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIAL AND METHODS Two small unit-cell p-ECMO devices consisted of a plastic capillary with a length and inside diameter of 10 cm and 1.15 mm, respectively. Either five (4-1 device) or seven (6-1 device) gas exchange tubes were placed in the plastic capillary and a light-diffusing fiber was inserted into one of the gas exchange tubes. Light from lasers emitting either 635 nm or 465 nm wavelengths was coupled into the light-diffusing fiber as oxygen flowed through the gas exchange membranes. To assess the ability of the device to remove CO from blood in vitro, the percent COHb reduction in a single pass through the device was assessed with and without light. The Navier Stokes equations, Carreau-Yesuda model, Boltzman equation for light distribution, and hemoglobin kinetic rate equations, including photo-dissociation, were combined in a mathematical model to predict COHb elimination in the experiments. RESULTS For the unit-cell devices, the COHb removal rate increases with increased 635 nm laser power, increased blood time in the device, and greater gas exchange membrane surface-to-blood volume ratio. The 6-1 device COHb half-life versus that of the 4-1 device with 4 W at 635 nm light was 1.5 min versus 4.25 min, respectively. At 1 W laser power, 635 nm and 465 nm exhibited similar CO removal rates. The COHb half-life times of the 6-1 device were 1.25, 2.67, and 8.5 min at 635 nm (4 W), 465 nm (1 W), and 100% oxygen only, respectively. The mathematical model predicted the experimental results. An analysis of the in vivo COHb half-life of oxygen respiration therapy versus an adjunct therapy with a p-ECMO device and oxygen respiration shows a reduction from 90 min to as low as 10 min, depending on the device design. CONCLUSION In this study, we experimentally studied and developed a mathematical model of a small unit-cell ECMO device integrated with a light-diffusing fiber illuminated with laser light. The unit-cell device forms the basis for a larger device and, in an adjunct therapy with oxygen respiration, has the potential to remove COHb at much higher rates than oxygen therapy alone. The mathematical model can be used to optimize the design in practical implementations to quickly and efficiently remove CO from CO-poisoned blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Childs
- Department of R&D, IPG Medical, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Fischbach
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Artur Smirnov
- Department of R&D, IPG Medical, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bill Farinelli
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Talisa Bühl
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Walfre Franco
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fumito Ichinose
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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ElBelihy OE, Gebril A, Abd Alhaleem AE, Ibrahim TE, Osman AB, Al Masalmeh HA. Atrial Fibrillation and Silent Coronary Spasm Complicating Severe Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Cureus 2023; 15:e38768. [PMID: 37303405 PMCID: PMC10249643 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a toxicological emergency and may be responsible for more than half of all fatal poisonings worldwide. Serious effects of CO are frequently seen in the brain and heart as well as other organs that are particularly sensitive to hypoxia. Cardiac manifestations include dysrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and even cardiac arrest. Even in mild cases of CO poisoning with absent chest pain, the emergency physician should evaluate features of myocardial injury, as this can serve as a predictor of mortality and morbidity. A case of a young, healthy man with severe CO poisoning presented with atrial fibrillation (AF) and vasospastic angina, and he was managed successfully with high-flow oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amr Gebril
- Emergency Medicine, NMC Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, ARE
| | | | | | - Ahmed B Osman
- Emergency Medicine, Yas Clinic Hospital, Abu Dhabi, ARE
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25
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Goulopoulos A, Etim E, Korupolu S, Farinelli W, Sierra H, Anderson RR, Fischbach A, Franco W. Optical, flow, and thermal analysis of a phototherapy extracorporeal membrane oxygenator for treating carbon monoxide poisoning. Lasers Surg Med 2023; 55:390-404. [PMID: 36883985 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMO) are currently utilized to mechanically ventilate blood when lung or lung and heart function are impaired, like in cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS can be caused by severe cases of carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation, which is the leading cause of poison-related deaths in the United States. ECMOs can be further optimized for severe CO inhalation using visible light to photo-dissociate CO from hemoglobin (Hb). In previous studies, we combined phototherapy with an ECMO to design a photo-ECMO device, which significantly increased CO elimination and improved survival in CO-poisoned animal models using light at 460, 523, and 620 nm wavelengths. Light at 620 nm was the most effective in removing CO. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to analyze the light propagation at 460, 523, and 620 nm wavelengths and the 3D blood flow and heating distribution within the photo-ECMO device that increased CO elimination in CO-poisoned animal models. METHODS Light propagation, blood flow dynamics, and heat diffusion were modeled using the Monte Carlo method and the laminar Navier-Stokes and heat diffusion equations, respectively. RESULTS Light at 620 nm propagated through the device blood compartment (4 mm), while light at 460 and 523 nm only penetrated 48% to 50% (~2 mm). The blood flow velocity in the blood compartment varied with regions of high (5 mm/s) and low (1 mm/s) velocity, including stagnant flow. The blood temperatures at the device outlet for 460, 523, and 620 nm wavelengths were approximately 26.7°C, 27.4°C, and 20°C, respectively. However, the maximum temperatures within the blood treatment compartment rose to approximately 71°C, 77°C, and 21°C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS As the extent of light propagation correlates with efficiency in photodissociation, the light at 620 nm is the optimal wavelength for removing CO from Hb while maintaining blood temperatures below thermal damage. Measuring the inlet and outlet blood temperatures is not enough to avoid unintentional thermal damage by light irradiation. Computational models can help eliminate risks of excessive heating and improve device development by analyzing design modifications that improve blood flow, like suppressing stagnant flow, further increasing the rate of CO elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Goulopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edidiong Etim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandeep Korupolu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Farinelli
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Heidy Sierra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
| | - R Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Fischbach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Walfre Franco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Juurlink DN. Hyperbaric oxygen should not be used routinely for carbon monoxide poisoning. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 89:942-945. [PMID: 36385706 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David N Juurlink
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Ontario Poison Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Baharara H, Ghasemi H, Samadi S, Roohshad B, Jomehzadeh V, Ravankhah Moghaddam K, Mohammadpour AH, Arasteh O. The effect of preconditioning agents on cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide poisoning in animal studies: a systematic review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:256-270. [PMID: 35616381 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common intoxication and many people die yearly due to CO poisoning and preconditioning agents attenuate brain and cardiac injury caused by intoxication. It is critical to fully understand the efficacy of new methods to directly target the toxic effect of CO, such as conditioning agents, which are currently under development. This study aims to systematically investigate current evidence from animal experiments and the effects of administration preconditions in acute and late phases after CO poisoning on cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched without language restrictions, and hand searching was conducted until November 2021. We included studies that compare preconditioning agents with the control group after CO poisoning in animals. The SYRCLE RoB tool was used for risk of bias assessments. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies were included in the study. Erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), hydrogen-rich saline, and N-butylphthalide (NBP) were found to have positive effects on reducing neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. As other preconditions have fewer studies, no valuable results can be deduced. Most of the studies were unclear for sources of bias. DISCUSSION Administration of the examined preconditioning agents including NBP, hydrogen-rich saline, and GCSF in acute and late phases could attenuate neurotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of CO poisoned animals. For a better understanding of mechanisms and activities, and finding new and effective preconditioning agents, further preclinical and clinical studies should be performed to analyze the effects of preconditioning agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Baharara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Ghasemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Samadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahar Roohshad
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Jomehzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Arasteh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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28
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Zheng H, Zheng W, Liu H, Zhang G, Li W, Zhuang J, Guo Y. Imaging of glutamate in acute carbon monoxide poisoning using chemical exchange saturation transfer. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1065490. [PMID: 36816556 PMCID: PMC9932694 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1065490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study adopted the Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) imaging technique to quantitatively analyze cranial glutamate and discussed the effectiveness of GluCEST values in identifying the pathogenesis of encephalopathy after CO poisoning. Methods The routine MRI and functional MRI scans of two cohorts of subjects (CO group, n = 29; Control group, n = 21) were performed. Between-group comparisons were conducted for GluCEST% in regions of interest (ROI), including the basal ganglia, the thalamus, the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe, the genu of corpus callosum, the cingulate gyrus, and the cuneus. Moreover, an age-stratified subgroup analysis was devised, and a correlational analysis was performed for GluCEST% in each ROI, including the time in coma, Simple Mini-Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE) score, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score, and blood COHb%. Results As compared to the healthy control, the CO group led to significantly increasing GluCEST% in the basal ganglia, the occipital lobe, the genu of the corpus callosum, the cingulate gyrus, and the cuneus (p < 0.05). In the subgroup analysis for age, adult patients had higher GluCEST% in the basal ganglia, the thalamus, the occipital lobe, the cingulate gyrus, and the cuneus compared to healthy adults (p < 0.05). In addition, the correlational analysis of CO-poisoned patients revealed a statistical association between the GluCEST% and the MMSE in the thalamus and the genu of the corpus callosum. Conclusion The GluCEST technique is superior to routine MRI in that it can identify the cerebral biochemical changes sooner after acute CO poisoning, which is significant for our understanding of the role of neurotransmitters in the pathological basis of this disease. Brain injury caused by CO poisoning may be different in adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Wenbin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China,*Correspondence: Wenbin Zheng ✉
| | - Hongkun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huizhou City Center People's Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Gengbiao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Weijia Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jiayan Zhuang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yuelin Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Hu HJ, Fan DF, Ye ZH, Sun Q. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on Notch signaling pathway after severe carbon monoxide poisoning in mice. Med Gas Res 2023; 13:23-28. [PMID: 35946219 PMCID: PMC9480357 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.344971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Demyelination of the cerebral white matter is the most common pathological change after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Notch signaling, the mechanism underlying the differentiation of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, is critical to remyelination of the white matter after brain lesion. The purpose of this work was to determine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on Notch signaling pathway after CO poisoning for the explanation of the protective effects of HBO on CO-poisoning-related cerebral white matter demyelination. The male C57 BL/6 mice with severe CO poisoning were treated by HBO. And HBO therapy shortened the escape latency and improved the body mass after CO poisoning. HBO therapy also significantly suppressed protein and mRNA levels of Notch1 and Hes5 after CO poisoning. Our findings suggested that HBO could suppress the activation of Notch signaling pathway after CO poisoning, which is the mechanism underlying the neuroprotection of HBO on demyelination after severe CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Hu
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Feng Fan
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou-Heng Ye
- Department of Special Operations Medicine, the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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30
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Cha YS, Ko SB, Go TH, Lee DK. Quantitative pupillary light reflex assessment for prognosis of carbon monoxide poisoning. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1105705. [PMID: 36926318 PMCID: PMC10011084 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1105705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A non-reactive pupil in standard pupillary light reflex (sPLR) is regarded as a factor predicting neurological sequelae at 1-month after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. An automated pupillometer is used in the intensive care unit to quantitatively assess PLR. Quantitative PLR (qPLR) was superior to sPLR using penlight for prognosis of various neurological diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether quantitative pupillary variables (neurological Pupil index [NPi] and qPLR) are superior to sPLR in predicting 1-month neurocognitive sequelae after acute CO poisoning. Methods We performed a prospective observational study of consecutive patients with acute CO poisoning admitted to an emergency department (ED) between August 2019 and December 2020 in a single academic medical center. sPLR and pupillometer examinations (qPLR and NPi) were performed by emergency physicians at the ED on hospital days 0-2. The lowest values among those recorded within 24 h and during the total measurement period were considered the 24-h and total lowest values, respectively. Global Deterioration Scale scores were measured at 1 month as an outcome and were dichotomized into favorable (1-4) or poor (5-7) outcomes. Results We analyzed the data of 104 adult patients with acute CO poisoning. qPLR was significantly higher in the favorable outcome group than in the poor outcome group 24-h and total lowest values (21.2% vs. 15.0%, p = 0.006 and 21.0% vs. 14.8%, p = 0.006). qPLR <18% had fair predictive power for poor neurocognitive outcomes [area under the curve (AUC), 0.70; 95% confidence interval (0.60-0.78)]. Among the patients with decreased mental status (Glasgow Coma Scale ≤12), the power of NPi and qPLR increased [AUC, 0.72 and AUC, 0.80]. NPi < 1 and qPLR <18% showed sensitivity (9.5% vs. 76.2%) and specificity (98.8% vs. 67.5%) for the prediction of poor outcomes. qPLR was significantly superior to sPLR in predicting poor neurocognitive outcomes at 1 month after CO poisoning (p = 0.007). Conclusion qPLR and NPi were superior to sPLR in terms of predicting poor neurocognitive outcomes. qPLR and NPi measured from hospital days 0-2 may be valuable in predicting neurocognitive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sung Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Hyperbaric Medicine and Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Ko
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwa Go
- Department of Biostatistics and Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keon Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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31
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Gao H, Chen C, Zhao X, Zhao L, Zheng X, Sun H, Bao H, Wang B. Correlation Between Rats Hippocampal ATP Content and Delayed Encephalopathy After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:329-336. [PMID: 36778531 PMCID: PMC9910201 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s387972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in the hippocampus of rats and delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. METHODS A total of 40 male Wistar rats weighing 180-230g, in accordance with the random number table, were selected and divided into the delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP: Rats with cognitive impairment after carbon monoxide poisoning) group (n = 32) and the control group (n = 8). A DEACMP rat model was generated by inhalation of CO. The Morris water maze evaluated the ability to learn and memorize in rats. The changes in neurons in the hippocampus of the rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Lastly, the ATP content in the hippocampus of the rats was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS The ATP content of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group in the hippocampus of the rat model, so the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the intra-group comparison was made for the ATP content in the experimental group, and the difference was statistically significant as group 21d > group 14d > group 7d (P < 0.05); and no significant difference was found between group 21d and group 28d (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The changes in the ATP content in the hippocampus of the rats are correlated with the occurrence of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning; it may take part in the pathogenesis of DEACMP. This offers some elicitation to the prevention and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Gao
- Department of Neurology, Hulunbuir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, 021000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, 014040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hulunbuir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, 021000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hulunbuir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, 021000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Hulunbuir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, 021000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Department of Neurology, Hulunbuir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, 021000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Bao
- Department of Neurology, Hulunbuir People's Hospital, Hulunbuir, 021000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Center Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, 014040, People's Republic of China
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Wei J, Ren A, Zhang Y, Yin Y, Chu N, Ma Y, Du J, Cui L, Zhou C. Quantifying the effects of cold waves on carbon monoxide poisoning: A time-stratified case-crossover study in Jinan, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1050256. [PMID: 37143979 PMCID: PMC10152301 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1050256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occurs mostly in winter and is associated with severe cold weather (e.g., ice storms, temperature drops). However, according to previous studies, the impact of low temperature on health has a delayed effect, and the existing research cannot fully reveal the delayed effect of cold waves on CO poisoning. Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the temporal distribution of CO poisoning in Jinan and to explore the acute effect of cold waves on CO poisoning. Methods We collected emergency call data for CO poisoning in Jinan from 2013 to 2020 and used a time-stratified case-crossover design combined with a conditional logistic regression model to evaluate the impact of the cold wave day and lag 0-8 days on CO poisoning. In addition, 10 definitions of a cold wave were considered to evaluate the impact of different temperature thresholds and durations. Results During the study period, a total of 1,387 cases of CO poisoning in Jinan used the emergency call system, and more than 85% occurred in cold months. Our findings suggest that cold waves are associated with an increased risk of CO poisoning in Jinan. When P01, P05, and P10 (P01, P05, and P10 refer to the 1st, 5th, and 10th percentiles of the lowest temperature, respectively) were used as temperature thresholds for cold waves, the most significant effects (the maximum OR value, which refers to the risk of CO poisoning on cold wave days compared to other days) were 2.53 (95% CI:1.54, 4.16), 2.06 (95% CI:1.57, 2.7), and 1.49 (95% CI:1.27, 1.74), respectively. Conclusion Cold waves are associated with an increased risk of CO poisoning, and the risk increases with lower temperature thresholds and longer cold wave durations. Cold wave warnings should be issued and corresponding protective policies should be formulated to reduce the potential risk of CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Wei
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aifeng Ren
- Jinan Medical Emergency Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Nan Chu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiwen Ma
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jipei Du
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liangliang Cui
- Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Liangliang Cui,
| | - Chengchao Zhou
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo. College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chengchao Zhou,
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Huang CC, Chen TH, Ho CH, Chen YC, Chen RJ, Wang YJ, Hsu CC, Lin HJ, Wang JJ, Chang CP, Guo HR. Risks of Developing Diabetes and Hyperglycemic Crisis Following Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Study Incorporating Epidemiologic Analysis and Animal Experiment. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:1265-1279. [PMID: 36345392 PMCID: PMC9636896 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s380990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may damage the pancreas, but the effects of CO poisoning on the development of diabetes and on existing diabetes remain unclear. We conducted a study incorporating data from epidemiologic analyses and animal experiments to clarify these issues. Methods Using the National Health Insurance Database of Taiwan, we identified CO poisoning patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2016 (CO poisoning cohort) together with references without CO poisoning who were matched by age, sex, and index date at a 1:3 ratio. We followed participants until 2017 and compared the risks of diabetes and hyperglycemic crisis between two cohorts using Cox proportional hazards regressions. In addition, a rat model was used to assess glucose and insulin levels in blood as well as pathological changes in the pancreas and hypothalamus following CO poisoning. Results Among participants without diabetes history, 29,141 in the CO poisoning cohort had a higher risk for developing diabetes than the 87,423 in the comparison cohort after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–1.28). Among participants with diabetes history, 2302 in the CO poisoning cohort had a higher risk for developing hyperglycemic crisis than the 6906 in participants without CO poisoning (AHR = 2.12; 95% CI: 1.52–2.96). In the rat model, CO poisoning led to increased glucose and decreased insulin in blood and damages to pancreas and hypothalamus. Conclusion Our epidemiological study revealed that CO poisoning increased the risks of diabetes and hyperglycemic crisis, which might be attributable to damages in the pancreas and hypothalamus as shown in the animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Correspondence: Chien-Cheng Huang, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901 Zhonghua Road, Yongkang District, Tainan, 710, Taiwan, Tel +886-6-281-2811, Fax +886-6-281-6161, Email
| | - Tzu-Hao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Information Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Hsu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan,Occupational Safety, Health and Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan,How-Ran Guo, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 Daxue Road, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, Tel +886-6-235-3535, Fax +886-6-275-2484, Email
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Haliga RE, Morărașu BC, Șorodoc V, Lionte C, Sîrbu O, Stoica A, Ceasovschih A, Constantin M, Șorodoc L. Rare Causes of Acute Coronary Syndrome: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Life (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36013337 DOI: 10.3390/life12081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a spectrum of clinical and paraclinical disorders arising from an imbalance of oxygen demand and supply to the myocardium. The most common cause is atherosclerosis; however, other rare causes such as carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning should be considered. Through tissue hypoxia and direct cell injury, CO poisoning can lead to a broad spectrum of cardiac disorders, especially ACS. Materials and Methods. We have conducted a retrospective study in the Toxicology Department of Saint Spiridon Emergency University Hospital, including all patients admitted through the emergency department with CO poisoning. We divided the cohort into event group (myocardial injury) and non-event group (patients without myocardial injury) and performed a subset analysis of the former. Results. A total of 65 patients were included, 22 in the event and 43 in the non-event group. The severity of poisoning did not correlate with myocardial injury; however, 50% of the event group had severe poisoning with carboxyhaemoglobin ≥ 20%. Cardiac enzyme markers (troponin and creatin-kinase MB) had a statistically significant increase in the event group compared to the non-event group (p < 0.05). Most of the patients in the STEMI (50%) and NSTEMI (66.7%) groups had severe CO intoxication. The STEMI group had a mean age of 27.7 years old and no comorbidities. Conclusions. Myocardial injury can develop in CO poisoning irrespective of the severity of poisoning, and it can be transient, reversible, or permanent. Our study introduces new information on adverse cardiac events in patients with CO poisoning, focusing on the ACS. We found that the severity of CO poisoning plays an important role in developing myocardial injury, as 50% of patients in the event group were severely intoxicated. While in-hospital mortality in our study was low, further prospective studies should investigate the long-term mortality in these patients.
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Xu Y, Zhuang Z, Zheng H, Shen Z, Gao Q, Lin Q, Fan R, Luo L, Zheng W. Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Rat Brain With Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Front Neurol 2022; 13:865970. [PMID: 35665050 PMCID: PMC9160993 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.865970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) magnetic resonance imaging as a quantitative method for pathogenetic research and clinical application of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning-induced encephalopathy combined with the proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and the related histopathological and behavioral changes. METHODS A total of 63 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group A (n = 12) was used for animal modeling verification; Group B (n = 15) was used for magnetic resonance molecular imaging, Group C (n = 15) was used for animal behavior experiments, and Group D (n = 21) was used for histopathological examination. All the above quantitative results were analyzed by statistics. RESULTS The peak value of carboxyhemoglobin saturation in the blood after modeling was 7.3-fold higher than before and lasted at least 2.5 h. The GluCEST values of the parietal lobe, hippocampus, and thalamus were significantly higher than the base values in CO poisoning rats (p < 0.05) and the 1H-MRS showed significant differences in the parietal lobe and hippocampus. In the Morris water maze tests, the average latency and distance were significantly prolonged in poisoned rats (p < 0.05), and the cumulative time was shorter and negatively correlated with GluCEST. CONCLUSION The GluCEST imaging non-invasively reflects the changes of glutamate in the brain in vivo with higher sensitivity and spatial resolution than 1H-MRS. Our study implies that GluCEST imaging may be used as a new imaging method for providing a pathogenetic and prognostic assessment of CO-associated encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zerui Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongyi Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | | | - Qilu Gao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qihuan Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liangping Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Köhler A, Zoll FM, Ploner T, Hammer A, Joannidis M, Tilg H, Finkenstedt A, Hartig F. Oxygenation Performance of Different Non-Invasive Devices for Treatment of Decompression Illness and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885898. [PMID: 35557974 PMCID: PMC9090223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objective: Application of high concentrations of oxygen to increase oxygen partial pressure (pO2) is the most important treatment for patients with carbon monoxide intoxication or divers with suspected decompression illness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxygenation performance of various non-invasive oxygen systems. Methods: The effect of different oxygen systems on arterial pO2, pCO2 and pH and their subjective comfort was evaluated in 30 healthy participants. Eight devices were included: nasal cannula, non-rebreather mask, AirLife Open mask, Flow-Safe II CPAP device, SuperNO2VA nasal PAP device, all operated with 15 L/min constant flow oxygen; nasal high-flow (50 L/min flow, 1.0 FiO2), non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV, 12 PEEP, 4 ASB, 1.0 FiO2) and a standard diving regulator (operated with pure oxygen). Results: Diving regulator, SuperNO2VA, nasal high-flow and NPPV achieved mean arterial pO2 concentrations between 538 and 556 mm Hg within 5 minutes. The AirLife Open mask, the nasal cannula and the non-rebreather mask achieved concentrations of 348–451 mm Hg and the Flow-Safe II device 270 mm Hg. Except for the AirLife open mask, pCO2 decreased and pH increased with all devices. The highest pH values were observed with NPPV, diving regulator, Flow-Safe II and nasal high-flow but apparent hyperventilation was uncommon. The AirLife Open and the non-rebreather mask were the most comfortable, the SuperNO2VA and the nasal cannula the most uncomfortable devices. Conclusion: A standard diving regulator and the SuperNO2VA device were equally effective in providing highest physiologically possible pO2 as compared to nasal high-flow and NPPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Köhler
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felicitas M Zoll
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Ploner
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Hammer
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Joannidis
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Finkenstedt
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frank Hartig
- Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Alfaro S, Sen-Crowe B, Autrey C, Elkbuli A. Trends in carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in high frequency hurricane states from 2014-19: the need for prevention intervention strategies. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022:6576186. [PMID: 35511082 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hurricanes often result in power outages, which increase generator usage and carbon monoxide (CO) deaths. We aim to identify states with the highest frequency of hurricanes and evaluate the number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths by region, age, race and metropolitan distribution. METHODS The number of hurricanes was determined using the FEMA database, and the number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths was determined using the CDC WONDER database from 2014-19. Hurricane-associated consumer outages were obtained from the Department of Energy. RESULTS The number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths was as follows: Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia and Alabama. Adults displayed a significantly higher number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths than pediatrics (P < 0.001). The total number of unintentional CO poisoning deaths was highest in the White population (P < 0.001); however, unintentional CO poisoning death rates were nearly two times higher among Black population in adults (0.5 versus 0.3) and pediatrics (0.2 versus 0.1). Medium metropolitan areas exhibited significantly more unintentional CO poisoning deaths (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Hurricanes and unintentional CO poisoning deaths were most common in Florida. Death rates were higher among Black individuals. Medium metropolitan areas displayed significantly more unintentional CO poisoning deaths than all other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Alfaro
- A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Mesa, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Cody Autrey
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adel Elkbuli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Surgical Education, Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA
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Jung G, Hong S, Jeong Y, Shin W, Park J, Kim D, Lee JH. Highly Selective and Low-Power Carbon Monoxide Gas Sensor Based on the Chain Reaction of Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide to WO 3. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:17950-17958. [PMID: 35385642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can easily occur in industrial and domestic settings, causing headaches, loss of consciousness, or death from overexposure. Commercially available CO gas sensors consume high power (typically 38 mW), whereas low-power gas sensors using nanostructured materials with catalysts lack reliability and uniformity. A low-power (1.8 mW @ 392 °C), sensitive, selective, reliable, and practical CO gas sensor is presented. The sensor adopts floated WO3 film as a sensing material to utilize the unique reaction of lattice oxide of WO3 with CO gas. The sensor locally modulates the electron concentration in the WO3 film, allowing O2 and CO gases to react primarily in different sensing areas. Electrons generated by the CO gas reaction can be consumed for O2 gas adsorption in a remote area, and this promotes the additional reaction of CO gas, boosting sensitivity and selectivity. The proposed sensor exhibits a 39.5 times higher response than the conventional resistor-type gas sensor fabricated on the same wafer. As a proof of concept, sensors with In2O3 film are fabricated, and the proposed sensor platform shows no advantage in detecting CO gas. Fabrication of the proposed sensor is reproducible and inexpensive due to conventional silicon-based processes, making it attractive for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuweon Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujeong Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Shin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Oh J, Kang H, Ahn C, Namgung M, Kim CW, Kim W, Kim YS, Shin H, Lim TH. Association between Early Phase Serum Lactate Levels and Occurrence of Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in Adult Patients with Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040651. [PMID: 35455767 PMCID: PMC9028543 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary goal of treating carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is preventing or minimizing the development of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (DNS). Therefore, screening patients with a high probability for the occurrence of DNS at the earliest is essential. However, prognostic tools for predicting DNS are insufficient, and the usefulness of the lactate level as a predictor is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between early phase serum lactate levels and the occurrence of DNS in adult patients with acute CO poisoning. Observational studies that included adult patients with CO poisoning and reported initial lactate concentrations were retrieved from the Embase, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and six domestic databases (KoreaMED, KMBASE, KISS, NDSL, KISTi and RISS) in January 2022. Lactate values were collected as continuous variables and analyzed using standardized mean differences (SMD) using a random-effect model. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool, and subgroup, sensitivity and meta regression analyses were performed. Eight studies involving a total of 1350 patients were included. The early phase serum lactate concentration was significantly higher in the DNS group than in the non-DNS group in adult patients with acute CO poisoning (8 studies; SMD, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11−0.50; I2 = 44%; p = 0.002). The heterogeneity decreased to I2 = 8% in sensitivity analysis (omitting Han2021; 7 studies; SMD, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.23−0.53; I2 = 8%; p < 0.001). The risk of bias was assessed as high in five studies. The DNS group was associated with significantly higher lactate concentration than that in the non-DNS group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heekyung Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Jaehoon Oh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Hyunggoo Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2290-9829
| | - Chiwon Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (C.A.); (M.N.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Myeong Namgung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (C.A.); (M.N.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Chan Woong Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (C.A.); (M.N.); (C.W.K.)
| | - Wonhee Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Young Seo Kim
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Hyungoo Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Tae Ho Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (H.L.); (J.O.); (H.S.); (T.H.L.)
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Li ZK, Li CH, Yue AC, Song HP, Liu XH, Zhou XD, Bi MJ, Han W, Li Q. Therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on rats with acute brain injury after carbon monoxide poisoning based on the strategy of internet pharmacology. Environ Toxicol 2022; 37:413-434. [PMID: 34761859 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of brain injury caused by carbon monoxide poisoning (COP) is very complex, and there is no exact and reliable treatment in clinic. In the present study, we screened the therapeutic target and related signal pathway of Salvia Miltiorrhiza for acute COP brain injury, and clarified the pharmacological mechanism of multicomponent, multitarget, and multisignal pathway in Salvia Miltiorrhiza by network pharmacology. To further verify the therapeutic effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on acute brain injury based on the results of network analysis, a total of 216 male healthy Sprague Dawley rats were collected in the present study and randomly assigned to a normal control group, a COP group and a Tanshinone IIA sulfonate treatment group (72 rats in each group). The rat model of acute severe COP was established by the secondary inhalation in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber. We found that Salvia Miltiorrhiza had multiple active components, and played a role in treating acute brain injury induced by COP through multiple targets and multiple pathways, among them, MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway was one of the most important. COP can start apoptosis process, activate the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and promote the expression of VEGF-A protein and the formation of brain edema. Tanshinone IIA can effectively inhibit apoptosis, up-regulate the expressions of VEGF-A, P-MEK1/2 and P-ERK1/2 proteins, thereby protect endothelial cells, promote angiogenesis and microcirculation, and finally alleviate brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Kun Li
- Emergency department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sami Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ao-Chun Yue
- School of Medicine, Institute of Integrated Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Ping Song
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xu-Han Liu
- Emergency department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zhou
- Emergency department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming-Jun Bi
- Physical Examination Centre, Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Han
- Emergency department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qin Li
- Emergency department, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Gavrieli H, Noyman I, Hershkovitz E, Taragin B, Hazan G. Delayed Neuropsychiatric Sequel Following Pediatric Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Case Report and Literature Review. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:861254. [PMID: 35586831 PMCID: PMC9108491 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.861254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a serious health problem. The main pathophysiological mechanism of acute CO poisoning is hypoxia due to the formation of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). Delayed neuropsychiatric sequel (DNPS) occurs following an interval of several days to several weeks post-CO exposure and can present in many different manifestations, ranging from behavioral and mood disorders to encephalopathy and seizures and cause long-term neuropsychiatric sequel. The pathogenesis of DNPS following CO poisoning is a complex one that encompasses hypoxia-induced encephalopathy as well as inflammation, direct cellular changes and damage. The incidence varies and treatment is debated. We display a case of a previously healthy 13-year-old boy suffering from DNPS, presenting with seizures and encephalopathy and later developing optic nerve damage. Increased awareness to this condition might help diagnose future patients and aid in the understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment options for this poorly understood condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Gavrieli
- Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Iris Noyman
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Eli Hershkovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Benjamin Taragin
- Department of Radiology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Guy Hazan
- Department of Pediatrics, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
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Jüttner B, Busch HJ, Callies A, Dormann H, Janisch T, Kaiser G, Körner-Göbel H, Kluba K, Kluge S, Leidel BA, Müller O, Naser J, Pohl C, Reiter K, Schneider D, Staps E, Welslau W, Wißuwa H, Wöbker G, Muche-Borowski C. S2k guideline diagnosis and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. Ger Med Sci 2021; 19:Doc13. [PMID: 34867135 PMCID: PMC8607608 DOI: 10.3205/000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) can occur in numerous situations and ambient conditions, such as fire smoke, indoor fireplaces, silos containing large quantities of wood pellets, engine exhaust fumes, and when using hookahs. Symptoms of CO poisoning are nonspecific and can range from dizziness, headache, and angina pectoris to unconsciousness and death. This guideline presents the current state of knowledge and national recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CO poisoning. The diagnosis of CO poisoning is based on clinical symptoms and proven or probable exposure to CO. Negative carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels should not rule out CO poisoning if the history and symptoms are consistent with this phenomenon. Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity, impairment of the cellular respiratory chain, and immunomodulatory processes may result in myocardial and central nervous tissue damage even after a reduction in COHb. If CO poisoning is suspected, 100% oxygen breathing should be immediately initiated in the prehospital setting. Clinical symptoms do not correlate with COHb elimination from the blood; therefore, COHb monitoring alone is unsuitable for treatment management. Especially in the absence of improvement despite treatment, a reevaluation for other possible differential diagnoses ought to be performed. Evidence regarding the benefit of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is scant and the subject of controversy due to the heterogeneity of studies. If required, HBOT should be initiated within 6 h. All patients with CO poisoning should be informed about the risk of delayed neurological sequelae (DNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Jüttner
- German Interdisciplinary Association of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI)
| | - Hans-Jörg Busch
- German Society of Medical Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DGIIN)
| | - Andreas Callies
- Bundesvereinigung der Arbeitsgemeinschaften der Notärzte Deutschlands (BAND)
| | | | - Thorsten Janisch
- German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI)
| | - Guido Kaiser
- GIZ-Nord Poisons Center, University Medical Center Göttingen (GIZ-Nord)
| | | | - Karsten Kluba
- The German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI)
| | | | | | - Oliver Müller
- German Society for Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine (GTÜM)
| | - Johannes Naser
- The German Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (DGAI)
| | | | - Karl Reiter
- Society for Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine (GNPI)
| | | | | | | | - Holger Wißuwa
- Bundesverband der Ärztlichen Leiter Rettungsdienst Deutschland (ÄLRD)
| | - Gabriele Wöbker
- German Society of NeuroIntensive Care and Emergency Medicine (DGNI)
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43
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Abstract
Amongst various interventions for burns and inhalation injuries, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has recently been widely integrated as an adjunctive management of care due to its therapeutic properties in reducing tissue hypoxia, pathological inflammation, and augmenting neovascularization. However, the limitation of human clinical trials and data undermines its efficacy to be implemented as an adjunctive therapeutic modality in burns. The purpose of the literature review is to determine the efficacy of HBOT as an adjunct to standard management in burns. A review of the literature was done by searching PubMed, Cochrane, Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for papers addressing the comparison of therapeutic outcomes between HBOT and non-HBOT in burns. Current research findings are conflicting, and the use of HBOT as an adjunct in burns management is still controversial. Therefore there is still a need for more data and research on the therapeutic benefits of HBOT in burn management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfeik Alyafi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, SAU.,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Al-Hasan H Al-Marzouki
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdulaziz N Al Hassani
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
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44
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Wang CH, Shao SC, Chang KC, Hung MJ, Yang CC, Liao SC. Quantifying the Effects of Climate Factors on Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Retrospective Study in Taiwan. Front Public Health 2021; 9:718846. [PMID: 34722435 PMCID: PMC8553011 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.718846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of poisoning death worldwide, but associations between CO poisoning and weather remain unclear. Objective: To quantify the influence of climate parameters (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) on the incidence risk of acute CO poisoning in Taiwan. Methods: We used negative binomial mixed models (NBMMs) to evaluate the influence of weather parameters on the incidence risk of acute CO poisoning. Subgroup analyses were conducted, based on the seasonality and the intentionality of acute CO poisoning cases. Results: We identified a total of 622 patients (mean age: 32.9 years old; female: 51%) with acute CO poisoning in the study hospital. Carbon monoxide poisoning was associated with temperature (beta: -0.0973, rate ratio (RR): 0.9073, p < 0.0001) but not with relative humidity (beta: 0.1290, RR: 1.1377, p = 0.0513) or wind speed (beta: -0.4195, RR: 0.6574, p = 0.0806). In the subgroup analyses, temperature was associated with the incidence of intentional CO poisoning (beta: 0.1076, RR: 1.1136, p = 0.0333) in spring and unintentional CO poisoning (beta: -0.1865, RR: 0.8299, p = 0.0184) in winter. Conclusion: Changes in temperature affect the incidence risk for acute CO poisoning, but the impact varies with different seasons and intentionality in Taiwan. Our findings quantify the effects of climate factors and provide fundamental evidence for healthcare providers to develop preventative strategies to reduce acute CO poisoning events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ho Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jui Hung
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Toxicology & Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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45
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Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common causes of morbidity secondary to accidental or intentional exposure. It is a potentially life-threatening disease. We present the case of a 23-year-old male patient who slept with a gas generator the whole night in a closed room. The next morning the patient presented to emergency with altered mentation. His Glasgow Coma Scale score was 8/15 on arrival. The patient had cerebral hemorrhages on presentation with diffuse cerebral hypoxic injury and bilateral globus pallidus signals. Hemorrhagic infarction in the brain is a rare presentation of CO poisoning and even rarer as an early manifestation of this disease. We present a case of bilateral posterior cerebral hemorrhagic infarctions with a diffuse hypoxic insult as an early presentation of CO poisoning in a young male, which to our knowledge has rarely been reported. Early imaging and prompt medical attention can be life-saving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raima Kaleemi
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Shayan S Anwar
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
| | - Anwar Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK
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46
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Lewis N, DeVore B, Gaines L, Arnold JK. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning With Concomitant Mucosal Injury and Chemical Pneumonitis Using Sulfuric and Formic Acids in a Self-Harm Attempt. Cureus 2021; 13:e17894. [PMID: 34660092 PMCID: PMC8505214 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The intentional liberation of carbon monoxide through the dehydration of formic acid has been reported with increasing frequency in the literature as a method of self-harm. Online forums have popularized this method of self-harm due to the ease of access of the required reagents, as well as the ability to perform the reaction under ambient conditions. The basis of this method of suicide is the use of sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent, leading to the decomposition of formic acid into carbon monoxide gas. In addition to the exposure to carbon monoxide liberated by this reaction, the relatively high vapor pressure of formic acid can inadvertently lead to its inhalation and subsequently cause damage to the aerodigestive tract. We report a 21-year-old male who presented with manifestations of acute carbon monoxide poisoning and concomitant chemical pneumonitis. Increased awareness and understanding of this method of self-harm is critical in ensuring appropriate precautions are taken when caring for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Lewis
- Emergency Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
| | - Becky DeVore
- Alabama Poison Information Center, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - LaDonna Gaines
- Alabama Poison Information Center, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
| | - Justin K Arnold
- Emergency Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, USA
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47
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Fischbach A, Traeger L, Farinelli WA, Ezaka M, Wanderley HV, Wiegand SB, Franco W, Bagchi A, Bloch DB, Anderson RR, Zapol WM. Hyperbaric phototherapy augments blood carbon monoxide removal. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:426-432. [PMID: 34658052 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is responsible for nearly 50,000 emergency department visits and 1200 deaths per year. Compared to oxygen, CO has a 250-fold higher affinity for hemoglobin (Hb), resulting in the displacement of oxygen from Hb and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. Optimal treatment of CO-poisoned patients involves the administration of hyperbaric 100% oxygen to remove CO from Hb and to restore oxygen delivery. However, hyperbaric chambers are not widely available and this treatment requires transporting a CO-poisoned patient to a specialized center, which can result in delayed treatment. Visible light is known to dissociate CO from carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). In a previous study, we showed that a system composed of six photo-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) devices efficiently removes CO from a large animal with CO poisoning. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the application of hyperbaric oxygen to the photo-ECMO device would further increase the rate of CO elimination. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed a hyperbaric photo-ECMO device and assessed the ability of the device to remove CO from CO-poisoned human blood. We combined four devices into a "hyperbaric photo-ECMO system" and compared its ability to remove CO to our previously described photo-ECMO system, which was composed of six devices ventilated with normobaric oxygen. RESULTS Under normobaric conditions, an increase in oxygen concentration from 21% to 100% significantly increased CO elimination from CO-poisoned blood after a single pass through the device. Increased oxygen pressure within the photo-ECMO device was associated with higher exiting blood PO2 levels and increased CO elimination. The system of four hyperbaric photo-ECMO devices removed CO from 1 L of CO-poisoned blood as quickly as the original, normobaric photo-ECMO system composed of six devices. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of using a hyperbaric photo-ECMO system to increase the rate of CO elimination from CO-poisoned blood. This technology could provide a simple portable emergency device and facilitate immediate treatment of CO-poisoned patients at or near the site of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fischbach
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical, Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa Traeger
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical, Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William A Farinelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariko Ezaka
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical, Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hatus V Wanderley
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical, Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steffen B Wiegand
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical, Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Walfre Franco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Arayna Bagchi
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical, Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical, Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research of the Department of Anesthesia, Critical, Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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48
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Loughran D, Nelson L. Comment on "The Impact of Treatment with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning". Prehosp Disaster Med 2021; 36:805-6. [PMID: 34602100 DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X21001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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49
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Huang TL, Tung MC, Lin CL, Chang KH. Risk of acute kidney injury among patients with carbon monoxide poisoning. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27239. [PMID: 34559122 PMCID: PMC10545390 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is a lack of evidence supporting the association between carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between CO poisoning and AKI.From 2000 to 2011, we identified patients diagnosed with CO poisoning from the inpatient claims data. Patients aged below 20 years, who had a history of chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease before the index date and had incomplete medical information were excluded. Control patients without CO poisoning were randomly selected from all National Health Insurance beneficiaries, and the same exclusion criteria were used. The control group was frequency matched to patients with CO poisoning based on age, sex, and year of CO poisoning diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to assess the effects of CO poisoning on the risk of AKI. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in the models.Compared with the control cohort, patients with severe CO poisoning were 3.77 times more likely to develop AKI (95% CI = 2.20-6.46), followed by those with less severe CO poisoning (adjusted hazard ratio = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.61-3.03).The findings of this nationwide study suggest an increased risk of AKI in patients with CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Lin Huang
- Department of Emergency Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Che Tung
- Department of Urology, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- General Education Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- General Education Center, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
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50
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Abstract
Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning remains a common cause of poison-related death and influences neurological function. An 83-year-old female was transferred to our emergency unit due to hypertension with dizziness, headache, and right hemiplegia. There was no radiographic evidence of ischemic stroke. The family members reported that the patient may have been exposed to CO by briquettes burned inside a closed room. High flow oxygen therapy was given for suspected CO intoxication and her symptoms quickly improved. Although we do not have clear evidence, we presume that hemiplegia in our patient was caused by CO intoxication, based on rapid recovery with oxygen therapy, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level elevation (3.0%), polycythemia, and neuroimaging. Despite the hematogenous effects of CO, paralysis appeared to be more severe on her right side than on her left side. MRI and blood tests helped to support CO as the suspected cause of her hemiplegia. This case reconfirms the importance of medical interviewing by medical practitioners, even in an emergency setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Aoshima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama Rōsai Hospital, Okayama, JPN.,Center for Graduate Medical Education, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, JPN
| | | | - Shunsuke Nakamura
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Tsuyoshi Nojima
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Hiromichi Naito
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
| | - Atsunori Nakao
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, JPN
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