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Effects of neonatal dopaminergic lesion on oral cocaine self-administration in rats: Higher female vulnerability to cocaine consumption. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 212:173315. [PMID: 34942237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic system is associated with cocaine-seeking behaviors, being influenced by other neurotransmitters such as GABA and deregulated by chronic cocaine self-administration. Administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to neonatal rats produces a depletion of brain dopamine, mainly, that results in behavioral alterations in adulthood. This model can be applied to better understanding of the role of the dopaminergic system in cocaine use and how its behavioral effects can modulate drug intake. Though there are well-established sex differences in the pattern of drug use, there are no published studies investigating sex-dependent effects of neonatal lesions with 6-OHDA on cocaine self-administration nor regarding GABAA receptor (GABAAR) subunits expression. Herein, neurotoxic lesion was induced in male and female neonatal rats by intracisternal injection of 6-OHDA at PND 4, and locomotion was evaluated before and after cocaine self-administration. Cocaine was diluted in a sweet solution (sucrose 1.5%) and offered for 27 consecutive 3-h daily sessions via a dispenser for oral intake, in an operant chamber under a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) schedule. The 6-OHDA lesion reduced oral cocaine self-administration in male and female rats. Female rats, independent of dopaminergic condition, consumed more cocaine-containing solution than sucrose-only solution. Furthermore, as expected, 6-OHDA-lesioned animals presented a higher basal locomotor activity when compared to sham rats. We evaluated GABAAR subunit expression and found no statistically significant differences between rats that self-administered a sucrose-only solution and those that self-administered a cocaine-containing solution. Even when the reward system is depleted, some behavioral differences remain in females, providing more data that highlight the female vulnerability to cocaine consumption.
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Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Chang S, Jing R, Yue W, Lu L, Chen D, Sun Y, Fan Y, Shi J. GABRA2 rs279858-linked variants are associated with disrupted structural connectome of reward circuits in heroin abusers. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:138. [PMID: 30061709 PMCID: PMC6066482 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reward system plays a vital role in drug addiction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural connectivity characteristics and driving-control subnetwork patterns of reward circuits in heroin abusers and assess the genetic modulation on the reward network. We first defined the reward network based on systematic literature review, and built the reward network based on diffusion tensor imaging data of 78 heroin abusers (HAs) and 79 healthy controls (HCs) using structural connectomics. Then we assessed genetic factors that might modulate changes in the reward network by performing imaging-genetic screening for 22 addiction-related polymorphisms. The genetic association was validated by performing genetic associations (1032 HAs and 2863 HCs) and expanded-variant analysis. Finally, we estimated the association between these genetic variations, reward network, and clinical performance. We found that HAs had widespread deficiencies in the structural connectivity of the reward circuit (center in VTA-linked connections), which correlated with cognition deficiency. The disruptions synchronously were shown on the reward driving system and reward control system. GABRA2 rs279858-linked variants might be a key genetic modulator for heroin vulnerability by affecting the connections of reward network and cognition. The role of the reward network connections that mediates the effects of rs279858 on cognition would be disrupted by heroin addiction. These findings provide new insights into the neurocircuitry and genetic mechanisms of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Rixing Jing
- National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Sanshui addiction treatment hospital, 528100 Guangdong, China
| | - Yankun Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191 Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, 100191 Beijing, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, 100191 Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education and Health, Peking University, 100191 Beijing, China
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Lukkes JL, Freund N, Thompson BS, Meda S, Andersen SL. Preventative treatment in an animal model of ADHD: Behavioral and biochemical effects of methylphenidate and its interactions with ovarian hormones in female rats. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1496-1506. [PMID: 27397110 PMCID: PMC5204118 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show that juvenile males that are exposed to methylphenidate (MPH) show reduced risk for substance use later in life. In contrast, little is known about whether females have the same enduring treatment response to stimulants and how gonadal hormones influence their behavior later in life. Females received either a sham or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) microinjection in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) at postnatal day (P)10. Subjects were then treated with Vehicle or MPH (2mg/kg, p.o.) between P20-35 and tested during late adolescence/young adulthood (P60); half of these subjects underwent ovariectomy at P55 to determine hormonal influences. Females with 6-OHDA were depleted of PFC dopamine by 61% and demonstrated increased impulsive choice (delayed discounting) and preferences for cocaine-associated environments relative to control females. Both MPH and ovariectomy reduced impulsive choice and cocaine preferences in 6-OHDA females, but had no enduring effect in Sham females. Ovariectomy itself did not significantly affect impulsivity. Juvenile MPH interacted strongly with 6-OHDA to increase D4, D5, Alpha-1A, Alpha-2A, and 5-HT-1A mRNA receptor expression in the PFC. MPH alone effected D1 mRNA, while 6-OHDA increased BDNF; all markers were decreased by ovariectomy. Together, these data suggest that 6-OHDA changes in dopamine are not only relevant for ADHD-like behaviors, but their long-term modulation by treatment and the influence of cyclical differences in menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L Lukkes
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Nadja Freund
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Britta S Thompson
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, USA
| | - Shirisha Meda
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, USA
| | - Susan L Andersen
- Laboratory for Developmental Neuropharmacology, McLean Hospital, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA.
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Sun Y, Meng S, Li J, Shi J, Lu L. Advances in genetic studies of substance abuse in China. SHANGHAI ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 25:199-211. [PMID: 24991158 PMCID: PMC4054556 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-0829.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Summary The importance of genetic factors in substance addiction has long been established. The rationale for this work is that understanding of the function of addiction genes and delineation of the key molecular pathways of these genes would enhance the development of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers that could be used in the prevention and management of substance abuse. Over the past few years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of genetic studies conducted on addiction in China; these studies have primarily focused on heroin, alcohol, and nicotine dependence. Most studies of candidate genes have concentrated on the dopamine, opioid, and serotonin systems. A number of genes associated with substance abuse in Caucasians are also risk factors in Chinese, but several novel genes and genetic risk factors associated with substance abuse in Chinese subjects have also been identified. This paper reviews the genetic studies of substance abuse performed by Chinese researchers. Genotypes and alleles related to addictive behavior in Chinese individuals are discussed and the contributions of Chinese researchers to the international corpus of knowledge about the genetic understanding of substance abuse are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqiu Meng
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Polymorphisms in the glutamate decarboxylase 1 gene associated with heroin dependence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 422:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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