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Shoieb SM, Alammari AH, Levasseur J, Silver H, Dyck JRB, El-Kadi AOS. Ameliorative Role of Fluconazole Against Abdominal Aortic Constriction-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:833-845. [PMID: 35266922 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, through the formation of cardiotoxic metabolites named as mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Recently, we have demonstrated that fluconazole decreases the level of mid-chain HETEs in human liver microsomes, inhibits human recombinant CYP1B1 activity, and protects against angiotensin II-induced cellular hypertrophy in H9c2 cells. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential cardioprotective effect of fluconazole against cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups such as sham control rats, fluconazole-treated (20 mg/kg daily for 4 weeks, intraperitoneal) sham rats, AAC rats, and fluconazole-treated (20 mg/kg) AAC rats. Baseline and 5 weeks post-AAC echocardiography were performed. Gene and protein expressions were measured using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The level of mid-chain HETEs was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Echocardiography results showed that fluconazole significantly prevented AAC-induced left ventricular hypertrophy because it ameliorated the AAC-mediated increase in left ventricular mass and wall measurements. In addition, fluconazole significantly prevented the AAC-mediated increase of hypertrophic markers. The antihypertrophic effect of fluconazole was associated with a significant inhibition of CYP1B1, CYP2C23, and 12-LOX and a reduction in the formation rate of mid-chain HETEs. This study demonstrates that fluconazole protects against left ventricular hypertrophy, and it highlights the potential repurposing of fluconazole as a mid-chain HETEs forming enzymes' inhibitor for the protection against cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M Shoieb
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ; and
| | - Ahmad H Alammari
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ; and
| | - Jody Levasseur
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heidi Silver
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada ; and
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2
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Chi RF, Li L, Wang AL, Yang H, Xi J, Zhu ZF, Wang K, Li B, Yang LG, Qin FZ, Zhang C. Enhanced oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in cardiac myocytes in pressure overload induced heart failure in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:60-69. [PMID: 34453856 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes in vitro, hydrogen peroxide induces autophagic cell death and necroptosis. Oxidative stress, myocyte autophagy and necroptosis coexist in heart failure (HF). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that excessive oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in myocytes in pressure overload-induced HF. HF was produced by chronic pressure overload induced by abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) in rats. Rats with AAC or sham operation were randomised to orally receive an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or placebo for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed for the assessments of left ventricular (LV) structure and function. AAC rats exhibited decreased LV fractional shortening (FS) at 4 weeks after surgery. NAC treatment attenuated decreased LV FS in AAC rats. In AAC rats, myocardial level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine assessed by immunohistochemical staining, indicative of oxidative stress, was increased, LC3 II protein, a marker of autophagy, Beclin1 protein and Atg4b, Atg5, Atg7 and Atg12 mRNA expression were markedly increased, RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL expression, indicative of necroptosis, was increased, and all of the alterations in AAC rats were prevented by the NAC treatment. NAC treatment also attenuated myocyte cross-sectional area and myocardial fibrosis in AAC rats. In conclusion, NAC treatment prevented the increases in oxidative stress, myocyte autophagy and necroptosis and the decrease in LV systolic function in pressure overload-induced HF. These findings suggest that enhanced oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy and necroptosis in myocytes, leading to LV systolic dysfunction, and antioxidants may be of value to prevent HF through the inhibition of excessive autophagy and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Chi
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ai-Ling Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xi
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zong-Feng Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bao Li
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li-Guo Yang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fu-Zhong Qin
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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3
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Ramalingam A, Budin SB, Mohd Fauzi N, Ritchie RH, Zainalabidin S. Targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress attenuates nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13845. [PMID: 34226619 PMCID: PMC8257608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term nicotine intake is associated with an increased risk of myocardial damage and dysfunction. However, it remains unclear whether targeting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) prevents nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of mitoTEMPO (a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant), and resveratrol (a sirtuin activator) , on nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Sprague–Dawley rats were administered 0.6 mg/kg nicotine daily with 0.7 mg/kg mitoTEMPO, 8 mg/kg resveratrol, or vehicle alone for 28 days. At the end of the study, rat hearts were collected to analyze the cardiac structure, mitochondrial ROS level, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers. A subset of rat hearts was perfused ex vivo to determine the cardiac function and myocardial susceptibility to ischemia–reperfusion injury. Nicotine administration significantly augmented mitochondrial ROS level, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation in rat hearts. Nicotine administration also induced left ventricular dysfunction, which was worsened by ischemia–reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. MitoTEMPO and resveratrol both significantly attenuated the adverse cardiac remodeling induced by nicotine, as well as the aggravation of postischemic ventricular dysfunction. Findings from this study show that targeting mitochondrial ROS with mitoTEMPO or resveratrol partially attenuates nicotine-induced cardiac remodeling and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Ramalingam
- Program of Biomedical Science, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Program of Biomedical Science, Centre of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Program of Biomedical Science, Centre of Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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4
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Soltan F, Esmaili Dahej M, Yadegari M, Moradi A, Hafizi Barjin Z, Safari F. Resveratrol Confers Protection Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Increase of Angiotensin (1-7) Expression in a Rat Model of Myocardial Hypertrophy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e55-e64. [PMID: 34232225 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) makes the heart vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. Angiotensin (Ang) (1-7) is recognized as a cardioprotective peptide. We investigated the effect of polyphenol resveratrol on myocardial IR injury after hypertrophy and examined cardiac content of Ang (1-7) and transcription of its receptor (MasR). Rats were divided into sham-operated, LVH, IR, LVH + IR, and resveratrol + LVH + IR groups. Myocardial hypertrophy and IR models were created by abdominal aortic banding and left coronary artery occlusion, respectively. To evaluate the electrocardiogram parameters and incidence of arrhythmias, electrocardiogram was recorded by subcutaneous leads (lead II). Blood pressure was measured through the left carotid artery. Infarct size was determined by the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The Ang (1-7) level was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The Mas receptor mRNA level was assessed by the real-time real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique. QT-interval duration, infarct size, and incidence of ischemia-induced arrhythmia were significantly higher in the LVH + IR group. However, in the resveratrol-treated group, these parameters were decreased significantly. The cardiac level of Ang (1-7) was decreased in untreated hypertrophied hearts (LVH and LVH + IR groups). Pretreatment with resveratrol normalized the cardiac level of Ang (1-7). The mRNA level of Mas receptor was increased in all of hypertrophied hearts in the presence or absence of resveratrol. Resveratrol can decrease IR injury in rats with LVH. The anti-ischemic effect of resveratrol may be related to the enhancement of Ang (1-7)/MasR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali Moradi
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran ; and
| | | | - Fatemeh Safari
- Departments of Physiology
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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5
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Wu X, Liu Z, Yu XY, Xu S, Luo J. Autophagy and cardiac diseases: Therapeutic potential of natural products. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:314-341. [PMID: 32969064 DOI: 10.1002/med.21733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The global incidence of cardiac diseases is expected to increase in the coming years, imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden on healthcare systems. Autophagy is a tightly regulated lysosomal degradation mechanism important for cell survival, homeostasis, and function. Accumulating pieces of evidence have indicated a major role of autophagy in the regulation of cardiac homeostasis and function. It is well established that dysregulation of autophagy in cardiomyocytes is involved in cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. In this sense, autophagy seems to be an attractive therapeutic target for cardiac diseases. Recently, multiple natural products/phytochemicals, such as resveratrol, berberine, and curcumin have been shown to regulate cardiomyocyte autophagy via different pathways. The autophagy-modifying capacity of these compounds should be taken into consideration for designing novel therapeutic agents. This review focuses on the role of autophagy in various cardiac diseases and the pharmacological basis and therapeutic potential of reported natural products in cardiac diseases by modifying autophagic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zumei Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Ramalingam A, Santhanathas T, Shaukat Ali S, Zainalabidin S. Resveratrol Supplementation Protects Against Nicotine-Induced Kidney Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224445. [PMID: 31726798 PMCID: PMC6888267 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to nicotine accelerates onset and progression of renal diseases in habitual cigarette smokers. Exposure to nicotine, either via active or passive smoking is strongly shown to enhance renal oxidative stress and augment kidney failure in various animal models. In this study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol supplementation on nicotine-induced kidney injury and oxidative stress in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given nicotine (0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or in combination with either resveratrol (8 mg/kg, i.p.), or angiotensin II type I receptor blocker, irbesartan (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 days. Upon completion of treatment, kidneys were investigated for changes in structure, kidney injury markers and oxidative stress. Administration of nicotine alone for 28 days resulted in significant renal impairment as shown by marked increase in plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and oxidative stress. Co-administration with resveratrol however successfully attenuated these changes, with a concomitant increase in renal antioxidants such as glutathione similar to the conventionally used angiotensin II receptor blocker, irbesartan. These data altogether suggest that targeting renal oxidative stress with resveratrol could alleviate nicotine-induced renal injury. Antioxidants may be clinically important for management of renal function in habitual smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Ramalingam
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.R.); (T.S.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Thulasiprevinnah Santhanathas
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.R.); (T.S.); (S.S.A.)
- Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50588, Malaysia
| | - Shafreena Shaukat Ali
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.R.); (T.S.); (S.S.A.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (A.R.); (T.S.); (S.S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9289-7684
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7
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Li T, Chen L, Yu Y, Yang B, Li P, Tan XQ. Resveratrol alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury‑induced mitochondrial oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2774-2780. [PMID: 30816439 PMCID: PMC6423553 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a naturally occurring antioxidant compound found in red wine. Although it has been demonstrated to have a cardioprotective effect, the mechanism underlying this effect remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine whether RES exerts a protective effect against mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Primary cultured NRCMs were used as a model system and were divided into four experimental groups: Control, H/R, H/R + DMSO (H/R with 0.2% DMSO) and H/R + RES (H/R with 100 µM RES) groups. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was determined by measuring the alteration in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of NRCMs, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the ratio of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) from NRCMs. Cell apoptosis was assessed by measuring cell apoptotic rates and the activity of caspase 3. In the H/R+RES group, RES significantly alleviated structural impairment, including disordered α-actin and F-actin, in the NRCMs induced by H/R injury. RES attenuated H/R injury-induced mitochondria oxidative stress. RES also attenuated H/R injury-induced cell apoptosis; it decreased the NRCM apoptotic rate from 84.25±7.41% (H/R) to 46.39±5.43% (H/R+RES) (P<0.05, n=4), rescued the decrease in the Bcl2/Bax ratio induced by H/R from 0.53±0.08-fold (H/R) to 0.86±0.06-fold (H/R+RES) (P<0.05, n=5) and alleviated the increased activity of caspase 3 induced by H/R from 1.32±0.06-fold to 1.02±0.04-fold (P<0.05, n=5). Furthermore, RES significantly attenuated the increment of LDH release induced by H/R injury in NRCMs from 1.41±0.03-fold (H/R) to 1.02±0.06-fold (H/R+RES) (P<0.01, n=4) and alleviated the depolarization of ΔΨm induced by H/R, shifting the ratio of JC-1 monomer from 62.39±1.82% (H/R) to 35.31±8.63% (H/R+RES) (P<0.05, n=4). RES alleviated the decrease in sirtuin 1 induced by H/R injury from 0.61±0.06-fold (H/R) to 1.01±0.05-fold (H/R+RES) (P<0.05, n=5). In conclusion, the present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to demonstrate that RES provides cardioprotection against H/R injury through decreasing mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress injury and structural impairment in NRCMs. These results provide scientific evidence for the clinical application of RES in the treatment of cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yiyan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Giampieri F, Afrin S, Forbes-Hernandez TY, Gasparrini M, Cianciosi D, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Varela-Lopez A, Quiles JL, Battino M. Autophagy in Human Health and Disease: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:577-634. [PMID: 29943652 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In eukaryotes, autophagy represents a highly evolutionary conserved process, through which macromolecules and cytoplasmic material are degraded into lysosomes and recycled for biosynthetic or energetic purposes. Dysfunction of the autophagic process has been associated with the onset and development of many human chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer. Recent Advances: Currently, comprehensive research is being carried out to discover new therapeutic agents that are able to modulate the autophagic process in vivo. Recent evidence has shown that a large number of natural bioactive compounds are involved in the regulation of autophagy by modulating several transcriptional factors and signaling pathways. CRITICAL ISSUES Critical issues that deserve particular attention are the inadequate understanding of the complex role of autophagy in disease pathogenesis, the limited availability of therapeutic drugs, and the lack of clinical trials. In this context, the effects that natural bioactive compounds exert on autophagic modulation should be clearly highlighted, since they depend on the type and stage of the pathological conditions of diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Research efforts should now focus on understanding the survival-supporting and death-promoting roles of autophagy, how natural compounds interact exactly with the autophagic targets so as to induce or inhibit autophagy and on the evaluation of their pharmacological effects in a more in-depth and mechanistic way. In addition, clinical studies on autophagy-inducing natural products are strongly encouraged, also to highlight some fundamental aspects, such as the dose, the duration, and the possible synergistic action of these compounds with conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giampieri
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Sadia Afrin
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernandez
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy .,2 Area de Nutricion y Salud, Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana , Campeche, Mexico
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy .,3 Departamento de Quimica Analıtica y Alimentaria, Grupo de Nutricion y Bromatologıa, Universidade Vigo , Ourense, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-Lopez
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy
| | - Jose L Quiles
- 4 Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix," Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada , Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- 1 Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche-Sez. Biochimica , Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona, Italy .,5 Centre for Nutrition and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico (UEA) , Santander, Spain
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9
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Li X, Liu J, Lu Q, Ren D, Sun X, Rousselle T, Tan Y, Li J. AMPK: a therapeutic target of heart failure-not only metabolism regulation. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181767. [PMID: 30514824 PMCID: PMC6328861 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a serious disease with high mortality. The incidence of this disease has continued to increase over the past decade. All cardiovascular diseases causing dysfunction of various physiological processes can result in HF. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor, has pleiotropic cardioprotective effects and plays a critical role in the progression of HF. In this review, we highlight that AMPK can not only improve the energy supply in the failing heart by promoting ATP production, but can also regulate several important physiological processes to restore heart function. In addition, we discuss some aspects of some potential clinical drugs which have effects on AMPK activation and may have value in treating HF. More studies, especially clinical trials, should be done to evaluate manipulation of AMPK activation as a potential means of treating HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qingguo Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Thomas Rousselle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatic Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A
- Wendy L. Novak Diabetes Care Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, U.S.A
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A.
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Ryter SW, Bhatia D, Choi ME. Autophagy: A Lysosome-Dependent Process with Implications in Cellular Redox Homeostasis and Human Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:138-159. [PMID: 29463101 PMCID: PMC6251060 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent homeostatic process inherent to cells and tissues, has emerging significance in the pathogenesis of human disease. This process enables the degradation and turnover of cytoplasmic substrates via membrane-dependent sequestration in autophagic vesicles (autophagosomes) and subsequent lysosomal delivery of cargo. Recent Advances: Selective forms of autophagy can target specific substrates (e.g., organelles, protein aggregates, and lipids) for processing. Autophagy is highly regulated by oxidative stress, including exposure to altered oxygen tension, by direct and indirect mechanisms, and contributes to inducible defenses against oxidative stress. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) plays a critical role in the oxidative stress response, through maintenance of mitochondrial integrity. CRITICAL ISSUES Autophagy can impact a number of vital cellular processes including inflammation and adaptive immunity, host defense, lipid metabolism and storage, mitochondrial homeostasis, and clearance of aggregated proteins, all which may be of significance in human disease. Autophagy can exert both maladaptive and adaptive roles in disease pathogenesis, which may also be influenced by autophagy impairment. This review highlights the essential roles of autophagy in human diseases, with a focus on diseases in which oxidative stress or inflammation play key roles, including human lung, liver, kidney and heart diseases, metabolic diseases, and diseases of the cardiovascular and neural systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Investigations that further elucidate the complex role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease will facilitate targeting this pathway for therapies in specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W. Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Divya Bhatia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mary E. Choi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
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11
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Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine inhibits maladaptive myocyte autophagy in pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 839:47-56. [PMID: 30194941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and myocyte autophagy co-exist in cardiac remodeling. However, it is unclear whether oxidative stress mediates maladaptive myocyte autophagy in pathological ventricular remodeling. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that antioxidants prevent maladaptive myocyte autophagy in pressure overload-induced left ventricular (LV) remodeling. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) or sham operation. The animals were randomized to receive an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or placebo treatment for 2 weeks. We measured LV structure and function by echocardiography and hemodynamics, myocyte autophagy and oxidative stress assessed by 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). AAC rats exhibited increased LV hypertrophy assessed by LV wall thickness and myocyte cross-sectional area. NAC prevented LV hypertrophy in AAC rats. There were no significant differences in LV fractional shortening, end-diastolic dimension and the maximal rate of LV pressure rise among the groups. AAC rats showed an increase in myocardial 8-OHdG that was prevented by NAC. The expression of LC3 II protein, a marker of autophagy, was increased at 2 weeks after AAC. Immunohistochemical scores further confirmed the increase in LC3 expression in AAC rats. The expression of autophagic proteins Beclin1 and Atg12 and ERK activity were also increased in AAC rats. NAC prevented the increases in LC3 II protein, LC3 scores, Beclin1, Atg12 and ERK activity in AAC rats. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA prevented LV hypertrophy after pressure overload. These findings suggest that antioxidants may be of value to prevent pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling through inhibition of maladaptive myocyte autophagy.
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Wang JP, Chi RF, Wang K, Ma T, Guo XF, Zhang XL, Li B, Qin FZ, Han XB, Fan BA. Oxidative stress impairs myocyte autophagy, resulting in myocyte hypertrophy. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:461-472. [PMID: 29327381 DOI: 10.1113/ep086650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does oxidative stress induce impairment of autophagy that results in myocyte hypertrophy early after pressure overload? What is the main finding and its importance? In cultured myocytes, hydrogen peroxide decreased autophagy and increased hypertrophy, and inhibition of autophagy enhanced myocyte hypertrophy. In rats with early myocardial hypertrophy after pressure overload, myocyte autophagy was progressively decreased. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine or the superoxide dismutase mimic tempol prevented the decrease of myocyte autophagy and attenuated myocyte hypertrophy early after pressure overload. These findings suggest that oxidative stress impairs myocyte autophagy that results in myocyte hypertrophy. ABSTRACT Insufficient or excessive myocyte autophagy is associated with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Reactive oxygen species mediate myocyte hypertrophy in vitro and pressure overload-induced LV hypertrophy in vivo. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress induces an impairment of autophagy that results in myocyte hypertrophy. H9C2 cardiomyocytes pretreated with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine were exposed to 10 and 50 μm hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) for 48 h. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) or sham operation. The animals were killed 24, 48 or 72 h after surgery. In a separate group, the AAC and sham-operated rats randomly received the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine or the superoxide dismutase mimic tempol for 72 h. In H9C2 cardiomyocytes, H2 O2 decreased the ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) II to LC3 I and increased P62 and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) proteins and myocyte surface area. 3-Methyladenine further increased H2 O2 -induced p-ERK expression. In rats after AAC, the heart to body weight ratio was progressively increased, the LC3 II/I ratio was progressively decreased, p62 and p-ERK expression was increased, and expression of Beclin1, Atg5 and Atg12 was decreased. N-Acetyl-cysteine or tempol prevented the decreases in the LC3 II/I ratio and Beclin1 and Atg5 expression and attenuated the increases in LV wall thickness, myocyte diameter and brain natriuretic peptide expression in AAC rats. In conclusion, oxidative stress decreases Beclin1 and Atg5 expression that results in impairment of autophagy, leading to myocyte hypertrophy. These findings suggest that antioxidants or restoration of autophagy might be of value in the prevention of early myocardial hypertrophy after pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Pu Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Rui-Fang Chi
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Ke Wang
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Teng Ma
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fei Guo
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Bao Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Fu-Zhong Qin
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China.,The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Xue-Bin Han
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China.,Shanxi Province Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, PR China
| | - Bian-Ai Fan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School Affiliate, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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13
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Feng Y, Zhang Y, Xiao H. AMPK and cardiac remodelling. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 61:14-23. [PMID: 29170891 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling is generally accepted as a critical process in the progression of heart failure. Myocyte hypertrophy, inflammatory responses and cardiac fibrosis are the main pathological changes associated with cardiac remodelling. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as an energy sensor and a regulator of cardiac metabolism under normal and ischaemic conditions. Additionally, AMPK has been shown to play roles in cardiac remodelling extending well beyond metabolic regulation. In this review, we discuss the currently defined roles of AMPK in cardiac remodelling and summarize the effects of AMPK on cardiac hypertrophy, inflammatory responses and fibrosis and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. In addition, we discuss some pharmacological activators of AMPK that are promising treatments for cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Feng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Li YY, Zhao YH. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Chinese Medicine on the Modulation of Myocardial Autophagy in Cardiovascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:917-932. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to the process in which the cellular lysosome degrades the cell’s own damaged organelles and related macromolecule substances. It plays important roles in the homeostasis of organs, cell survival, and stable development. Previous studies indicate that the process of cardiopathology is closely associated with autophagy and some of Chinese medicines (active compounds and formulae) are found to have beneficial effects on injured cardiomyocytes via the modulation of autophagy. This review highlights the efficacy of the action of Chinese medicine on the regulation of myocardial autophagy and summarizes the related molecular and signal mechanisms. Our study discovers that some active compounds and formulae of Chinese medicines react on the specific targets of autophagy in related signal pathways to exert protective effects in the processes of ischemia and reperfusion, as well as, in other cardiopathological models. Parts of these compounds even have the characteristics of multiple targets in autophagic signal pathways and dual-directional regulated actions on autophagy, suggesting that Chinese medicines, which possess the ability to modulate autophagy, might improve effective cardio protection in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, Macao SAR, P. R. China
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15
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Qin N, Wei L, Li W, Yang W, Cai L, Qian Z, Wu S. Local intra-articular injection of resveratrol delays cartilage degeneration in C57BL/6 mice by inducing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 134:166-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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16
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Chen A, Li W, Chen X, Shen Y, Dai W, Dong Q, Li X, Ou C, Chen M. Trimetazidine attenuates pressure overload-induced early cardiac energy dysfunction via regulation of neuropeptide Y system in a rat model of abdominal aortic constriction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:225. [PMID: 27855650 PMCID: PMC5112876 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolism remodeling has been recognized as an early event following cardiac pressure overload. However, its temporal association with ventricular hypertrophy has not been confirmed. Moreover, whether trimetazidine could favorably affect this process also needs to be determined. The aim of the study was to explore the temporal changes of myocardial metabolism remodeling following pressure-overload induced ventricular hypertrophy and the potential favorable effect of trimetazidine on myocardial metabolism remodeling. Methods A rat model of abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-induced cardiac pressure overload was induced. These rats were grouped as the AAC (no treatment) or TMZ group according to whether oral trimetazidine (TMZ, 40 mg/kg/d, for 5 days) was administered. Changes in cardiac structures were sequentially evaluated via echocardiography. The myocardial ADP/ATP ratio was determined to reflect the metabolic status, and changes in serum neuropeptide Y systems were evaluated. Results Myocardial metabolic disorder was acutely induced as evidenced by an increased ADP/ATP ratio within 7 days of AAC before the morphological changes in the myocardium, accompanied by up-regulation of serum oxidative stress markers and expression of fetal genes related to hypertrophy. Moreover, the serum NPY and myocardial NPY-1R, 2R, and 5R levels were increased within the acute phase of AAC-induced cardiac pressure overload. Pretreatment with TMZ could partly attenuate myocardial energy metabolic homeostasis, decrease serum levels of oxidative stress markers, attenuate the induction of hypertrophy-related myocardial fetal genes, inhibit the up-regulation of serum NPY levels, and further increase the myocardial expression of NPY receptors. Conclusions Cardiac metabolic remodeling is an early change in the myocardium before the presence of typical morphological ventricular remodeling following cardiac pressure overload, and pretreatment with TMZ may at least partly reverse the acute metabolic disturbance, perhaps via regulation of the NPY system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wanglin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 51018, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Guangzhou Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yuechun Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenjun Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Physiology, Department of Medical Experimental Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182, China
| | - Xinchun Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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