1
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Triebel H, Castrop H. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:705-713. [PMID: 38233636 PMCID: PMC11033231 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we will cover (i) the proteolytic cascade of the RAAS, (ii) its regulation by multiple feedback-controlled parameters, and (iii) the major effects of the RAAS. For the effects of the RAAS, we focus on the role of the RAAS in the regulation of volume homeostasis and vascular tone, as major determinants of arterial blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Triebel
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hayo Castrop
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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2
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Finsen SH, Hansen MR, Hansen PBL, Mortensen SP. Eight weeks of treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor blockade does not alter vascular function in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16010. [PMID: 38610066 PMCID: PMC11014871 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone has been suggested to be involved in the microvascular complications observed in type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the effect of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blockade on endothelial function in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy controls. We included 12 participants with type 2 diabetes and 14 controls. We measured leg hemodynamics at baseline and during femoral arterial infusion of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside before and 8 weeks into treatment with MR blockade (eplerenone). Acetylcholine infusion was repeated with concomitant n-acetylcysteine (antioxidant) infusion. No difference in leg blood flow or vascular conductance was detected before or after the treatment with MR blockade in both groups and there was no difference between groups. Infusion of n-acetylcysteine increased baseline blood flow and vascular conductance, but did not change the vascular response to acetylcholine before or after treatment with MR blockade. Skeletal muscle eNOS content was unaltered by MR blockade and no difference between groups was detected. In conclusion, we found no effect of MR blockade endothelial function in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. As the individuals with type 2 diabetes did not have vascular dysfunction, these results might not apply to individuals with vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine H. Finsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of NephrologyOdense University HospitalOdenseDenmark
| | - Mie R. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Pernille B. L. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Stefan P. Mortensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
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3
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Ahmed A, Bibi A, Valoti M, Fusi F. Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Vascular Smooth Muscle Tone: Friends or Foes? Cells 2023; 12:cells12081196. [PMID: 37190105 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a specialized type of adipose tissue that surrounds most mammalian blood vessels. PVAT is a metabolically active, endocrine organ capable of regulating blood vessel tone, endothelium function, vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proliferation, and contributing critically to cardiovascular disease onset and progression. In the context of vascular tone regulation, under physiological conditions, PVAT exerts a potent anticontractile effect by releasing a plethora of vasoactive substances, including NO, H2S, H2O2, prostacyclin, palmitic acid methyl ester, angiotensin 1-7, adiponectin, leptin, and omentin. However, under certain pathophysiological conditions, PVAT exerts pro-contractile effects by decreasing the production of anticontractile and increasing that of pro-contractile factors, including superoxide anion, angiotensin II, catecholamines, prostaglandins, chemerin, resistin, and visfatin. The present review discusses the regulatory effect of PVAT on vascular tone and the factors involved. In this scenario, dissecting the precise role of PVAT is a prerequisite to the development of PVAT-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aasia Bibi
- Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Massimo Valoti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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4
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Wada Y, Higashide T, Sakaguchi K, Nagata A, Hirooka K, Sugiyama K. Compromised blood flow in the optic nerve head after systemic administration of 2 aldosterone in rats: A possible rat model of retinal ganglion cell loss. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:777-785. [PMID: 35179420 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2029907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow, retinal vessel diameters, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss after systemic administration of aldosterone in rats. METHODS Aldosterone (80 μg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered using an osmotic minipump in Brown Norway rats. The mean blur rate in the vessel (MV) and tissue (MT) regions and retinal vessel diameters in the ONH were measured by laser speckle flowgraphy before and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after administration of aldosterone or vehicle. Intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded. The retrogradely labeled RGCs were counted in the retinal flatmounts prepared 5 weeks after treatment. RESULTS The MV and MT in the aldosterone group significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks (MV: 2 weeks, P = 0.001, 4 weeks, P < 0.001; MT: 2 weeks, P = 0.02, 4 weeks, P = 0.03). The artery and vein diameters significantly decreased at 1, 2, and 4 weeks in the aldosterone group (all P < 0.001). The MV, MT, and vessel diameters remained unchanged in the vehicle group. Other parameters did not change over time in either group. RGC counts were significantly lower in the aldosterone group than in the vehicle group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ONH blood flow decreased following retinal vessel constriction without changes in IOP or blood pressure in a possible rat model of RGC loss by systemic administration of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Wada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.,Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Higashide
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Sakaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagata
- Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirooka
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sugiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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5
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Lyngsø KS, Jensen BL, Hansen PBL, Dimke H. Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor ablation confers protection towards endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetes in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13731. [PMID: 34519423 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM With diabetes comes a significant risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Circulating aldosterone levels increase in patients with diabetes. Aldosterone can directly affect vascular function via activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). We hypothesized that aldosterone via endothelial MR impairs endothelial function in a murine model of experimental diabetes. METHOD Endothelial cell-specific mineralocorticoid receptor knockout MRflox/flox ; Tie2-Cre mice (ECMR-KO) and wild-type FVB littermates were subjected to an experimental type-1 diabetic model by low dose streptozotocin injections (55mg/kg/day) for five consecutive days. After 10 weeks of diabetes, second-order mesenteric resistance arteries were perfused ex vivo to evaluate vessel contractility and endothelial function. The effect of ex vivo incubation with aldosterone with and without the antagonist, spironolactone was determined. RESULTS Diabetic ECMR-KO and wild-type mice had similar, elevated, plasma aldosterone concentration while only diabetic wild-type mice displayed elevated urine albumin excretion and cardiac and kidney hypertrophy at 10 weeks. There were no differences in contraction (Emax and EC50 ) to thromboxane receptor agonist (U46619) and elevated K+ between groups. Wild-type diabetic mice showed impaired acetylcholine (ACh)-dependent relaxation, while diabetic ECMR-KO mice had intact ACh-mediated relaxation. Aldosterone incubation ex vivo impaired ACh mediated relaxation and rendered responses similar to diabetic WT arteries. Direct, ex vivo aldosterone effects were absent in ECMR-KO animals. Ex vivo inhibitory effects of aldosterone on endothelial relaxation in arteries from WT were abolished by spironolactone. CONCLUSION These findings show that endothelial cell mineralocorticoid receptor activation accounts for diabetes-induced systemic endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetes and may explain the cardiovascular protection by MR antagonists in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S. Lyngsø
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
| | - Boye L. Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
| | - Pernille B. L. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism BioPharmaceuticals R&D AstraZeneca Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute of Molecular Medicine University of Southern Denmark Odense C Denmark
- Department of Nephrology Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark
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6
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Dreier R, Andersen UB, Forman JL, Sheykhzade M, Egfjord M, Jeppesen JL. Effect of Increased Potassium Intake on Adrenal Cortical and Cardiovascular Responses to Angiotensin II: A Randomized Crossover Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018716. [PMID: 33870711 PMCID: PMC8200735 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Increased potassium intake lowers blood pressure in patients with hypertension, but increased potassium intake also elevates plasma concentrations of the blood pressure-raising hormone aldosterone. Besides its well-described renal effects, aldosterone is also believed to have vascular effects, acting through mineralocorticoid receptors present in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, although mineralocorticoid receptors-independent actions are also thought to be involved. Methods and Results To gain further insight into the effect of increased potassium intake and potassium-stimulated hyperaldosteronism on the human cardiovascular system, we conducted a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study in 25 healthy normotensive men, where 4 weeks treatment with a potassium supplement (90 mmol/day) was compared with 4 weeks on placebo. At the end of each treatment period, we measured potassium and aldosterone in plasma and performed an angiotensin II (AngII) infusion experiment, during which we assessed the aldosterone response in plasma. Hemodynamics were also monitored during the AngII infusion using ECG, impedance cardiography, finger plethysmography (blood pressure-monitoring), and Doppler ultrasound. The study showed that higher potassium intake increased plasma potassium (mean±SD, 4.3±0.2 versus 4.0±0.2 mmol/L; P=0.0002) and aldosterone (median [interquartile range], 440 [336-521] versus 237 [173-386] pmol/L; P<0.0001), and based on a linear mixed model for repeated measurements, increased potassium intake potentiated AngII-stimulated aldosterone secretion (P=0.0020). In contrast, the hemodynamic responses (blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, cardiac output, and renal artery blood flow) to AngII were similar after potassium and placebo. Conclusions Increased potassium intake potentiates AngII-stimulated aldosterone secretion without affecting systemic cardiovascular hemodynamics in healthy normotensive men. Registration EudraCT Number: 2013-004460-66; URL: https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02380157.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Dreier
- Department of Medicine Amager Hvidovre Hospital in Glostrup University of Copenhagen Glostrup Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET Rigshospitalet Glostrup University of Copenhagen Glostrup Denmark
| | - Ulrik B Andersen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine, and PET Rigshospitalet Glostrup University of Copenhagen Glostrup Denmark
| | - Julie L Forman
- Section of Biostatistics Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Martin Egfjord
- Department of Nephrology P Rigshospitalet Blegdamsvej University of Copenhagen Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørgen L Jeppesen
- Department of Medicine Amager Hvidovre Hospital in Glostrup University of Copenhagen Glostrup Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Denmark
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7
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Finsen SH, Hansen MR, Hansen PBL, Mortensen SP. Aldosterone Induces Vasoconstriction in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Effect of Acute Antioxidant Administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1262-e1270. [PMID: 33247722 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Individuals with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Plasma aldosterone could contribute by reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms by inducing a shift in the balance between a vasoconstrictor and vasodilator response to aldosterone. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the acute vascular effects of aldosterone in individuals with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy controls and if infusion of an antioxidant (n-acetylcysteine [NAC]) would alter the vascular response. METHODS In a case-control design, 12 participants with type 2 diabetes and 14 healthy controls, recruited from the general community, were studied. Leg hemodynamics were measured before and during aldosterone infusion (0.2 and 5 ng min-1 [L leg volume]-1) for 10 minutes into the femoral artery with and without coinfusion of NAC (125 mg kg-1 hour-1 followed by 25 mg kg-1 hour-1). Leg blood flow and arterial blood pressure was measured, and femoral arterial and venous blood samples were collected. RESULTS Compared with the control group, leg blood flow and vascular conductance decreased during infusion of aldosterone at the high dose in individuals with type 2 diabetes, whereas coinfusion of NAC attenuated this response. Plasma aldosterone increased in both groups during aldosterone infusion and there was no difference between groups at baseline or during the infusions. CONCLUSION These results suggests that type 2 diabetes is associated with a vasoconstrictor response to physiological levels of infused aldosterone and that the antioxidant NAC diminishes this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Høyer Finsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Mie Rytz Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Stefan P Mortensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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8
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Poulsen SB, Fenton RA. K
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and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system: new insights into their role in blood pressure control and hypertension treatment. J Physiol 2019; 597:4451-4464. [DOI: 10.1113/jp276844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Søren B. Poulsen
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus University Aarhus DK‐8000 Denmark
| | - Robert A. Fenton
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus University Aarhus DK‐8000 Denmark
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9
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Kosaki K, Sugaya T, Ohata K, Tanabe J, Hoshino S, Inoue K, Kimura K, Maeda S, Shibagaki Y, Kamijo-Ikemori A. Renoprotective effects of voluntary running exercise training on aldosterone-induced renal injury in human L-FABP chromosomal transgenic mice. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:1518-1527. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Assersen KB, Jensen PS, Briones AM, Rasmussen LM, Marcussen N, Toft A, Vanhoutte PM, Jensen BL, Hansen PBL. Periarterial fat from two human vascular beds is not a source of aldosterone to promote vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1670-F1682. [PMID: 30280597 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00391.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse adipocytes have been reported to release aldosterone and reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation. It is unknown whether perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) releases aldosterone in humans. The present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that human PVAT releases aldosterone and induces endothelial dysfunction. Vascular reactivity was assessed in human internal mammary and renal segmental arteries obtained at surgery. The arteries were prepared with/without PVAT, and changes in isometric tension were measured in response to the vasoconstrictor thromboxane prostanoid receptor agonist U46619 and the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine. The effects of exogenous aldosterone and of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist eplerenone were determined. Aldosterone concentrations were measured by ELISA in conditioned media incubated with human adipose tissue with/without angiotensin II stimulation. Presence of aldosterone synthase and MR mRNA was examined in perirenal, abdominal, and mammary PVAT by PCR. U46619 -induced tension and acetylcholine-induced relaxation were unaffected by exogenous and endogenous aldosterone (addition of aldosterone and MR blocker) in mammary and renal segmental arteries, both in the presence and absence of PVAT. Aldosterone release from incubated perivascular fat was not detectable. Aldosterone synthase expression was not consistently observed in human adipose tissues in contrast to that of MR. Thus, exogenous aldosterone does not affect vascular reactivity and endothelial function in ex vivo human arterial segments, and the tested human adipose tissues have no capacity to synthesize/release aldosterone. In perspective, physiologically relevant effects of aldosterone on vascular function in humans are caused by systemic aldosterone originating from the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Assersen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Pia S Jensen
- Department for Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Ana M Briones
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz, Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Madrid , Spain
| | - Lars M Rasmussen
- Department for Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Anja Toft
- Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital , Odense , Denmark
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boye L Jensen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Pernille B L Hansen
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark.,Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg , Sweden
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11
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Pires PW, McClain JL, Hayoz SF, Dorrance AM. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism prevents obesity-induced cerebral artery remodeling and reduces white matter injury in rats. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12460. [PMID: 29758591 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Midlife obesity is a risk factor for dementia development. Obesity has also been linked to hyperaldosteronism, and this can be modeled in rats by high fat (HF) feeding from weaning. Aldosterone, or activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) causes cerebrovascular injury in lean hypertensive rats. We hypothesized that rats fed a HF diet would show inward middle cerebral artery (MCA) remodeling that could be prevented by MR antagonism. We further proposed that the cerebral artery remodeling would be associated with white mater injury. METHODS Three-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a HF diet ± the MR antagonist canrenoic acid (Canr) for 17 weeks. Control rats received normal chow (control NC). MCA structure was assessed by pressure myography. RESULTS The MCAs from HF fed rats had smaller lumens and thicker walls when compared to arteries from control NC rats; Canr prevented the MCA remodeling associated with HF feeding. HF feeding increased the mRNA expression of markers of cell proliferation and vascular inflammation in cerebral arteries and Canr treatment prevented this. White mater injury was increased in the rats fed the HF diet and this was reduced by Canr treatment. The expression of doublecortin, a marker of new and immature neurons was reduced in HF fed rats, and MR antagonism normalized this. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that HF feeding leads to MR dependent remodeling of the MCA and this is associated with markers of dementia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo W Pires
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Jonathon L McClain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sebastian F Hayoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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12
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Laursen SB, Finsen S, Marcussen N, Quaggin SE, Hansen PBL, Dimke H. Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor ablation does not alter blood pressure, kidney function or renal vessel contractility. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193032. [PMID: 29466427 PMCID: PMC5821352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone blockade confers substantial cardiovascular and renal protection. The effects of aldosterone on mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) expressed in endothelial cells (EC) within the renal vasculature have not been delineated. We hypothesized that lack of MR in EC may be protective in renal vasculature and examined this by ablating the Nr3c2 gene in endothelial cells (EC-MR) in mice. Blood pressure, heart rate and PAH clearance were measured using indwelling catheters in conscious mice. The role of the MR in EC on contraction and relaxation was investigated in the renal artery and in perfused afferent arterioles. Urinary sodium excretion was determined by use of metabolic cages. EC-MR transgenics had markedly decreased MR expression in isolated aortic endothelial cells as compared to littermates (WT). Blood pressure and effective renal plasma flow at baseline and following AngII infusion was similar between groups. No differences in contraction and relaxation were observed between WT and EC-MR KO in isolated renal arteries during baseline or following 2 or 4 weeks of AngII infusion. The constriction or dilatations of afferent arterioles between genotypes were not different. No changes were found between the groups with respect to urinary excretion of sodium after 4 weeks of AngII infusion, or in urinary albumin excretion and kidney morphology. In conclusion, deletion of the EC-MR does not confer protection towards the development of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction of renal arteries or renal function following prolonged AngII-infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel B. Laursen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine Finsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Pernille B. L. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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13
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Boyer HG, Wils J, Renouf S, Arabo A, Duparc C, Boutelet I, Lefebvre H, Louiset E. Dysregulation of Aldosterone Secretion in Mast Cell–Deficient Mice. Hypertension 2017; 70:1256-1263. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien-Gaël Boyer
- From the Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France (H.-G.B., J.W., S.R., C.D., I.B., H.L., E.L.); Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University Hospital, France (J.W.); Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France (A.A.); and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, France (H.L.)
| | - Julien Wils
- From the Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France (H.-G.B., J.W., S.R., C.D., I.B., H.L., E.L.); Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University Hospital, France (J.W.); Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France (A.A.); and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, France (H.L.)
| | - Sylvie Renouf
- From the Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France (H.-G.B., J.W., S.R., C.D., I.B., H.L., E.L.); Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University Hospital, France (J.W.); Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France (A.A.); and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, France (H.L.)
| | - Arnaud Arabo
- From the Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France (H.-G.B., J.W., S.R., C.D., I.B., H.L., E.L.); Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University Hospital, France (J.W.); Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France (A.A.); and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, France (H.L.)
| | - Céline Duparc
- From the Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France (H.-G.B., J.W., S.R., C.D., I.B., H.L., E.L.); Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University Hospital, France (J.W.); Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France (A.A.); and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, France (H.L.)
| | - Isabelle Boutelet
- From the Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France (H.-G.B., J.W., S.R., C.D., I.B., H.L., E.L.); Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University Hospital, France (J.W.); Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France (A.A.); and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, France (H.L.)
| | - Hervé Lefebvre
- From the Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France (H.-G.B., J.W., S.R., C.D., I.B., H.L., E.L.); Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University Hospital, France (J.W.); Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France (A.A.); and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, France (H.L.)
| | - Estelle Louiset
- From the Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France (H.-G.B., J.W., S.R., C.D., I.B., H.L., E.L.); Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen University Hospital, France (J.W.); Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Rouen, France (A.A.); and Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University Hospital of Rouen, France (H.L.)
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Haass-Koffler CL, Goodyear K, Zywiak WH, Magill M, Eltinge SE, Wallace PM, Long VM, Jayaram-Lindström N, Swift RM, Kenna GA, Leggio L. Higher pretreatment blood pressure is associated with greater alcohol drinking reduction in alcohol-dependent individuals treated with doxazosin. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 177:23-28. [PMID: 28551590 PMCID: PMC5534374 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical and clinical research suggest that the α1 receptor antagonist prazosin reduces alcohol consumption. Furthermore, clinical studies indicate a role for prazosin in treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and a recent trial suggested that pre-treatment blood pressure (BP) predicts therapeutic response for prazosin in PTSD patients. Whether pre-treatment BP may predict response to α1 blockers in alcohol-dependent (AD) patients is unknown. We previously reported a randomized controlled trial (RCT) where doxazosin, an α1 receptor antagonist with a more favorable pharmacokinetic profile than prazosin, reduced drinks per week (DPW) and heavy drinking days (HDD) in AD patients with a high family history density of alcoholism. In this study, we tested pre-treatment BP as another potentially valuable clinical moderator of doxazosin's response on alcohol consumption. METHODS This was a double-blind placebo-controlled RCT testing doxazosin up to 16mg/day in AD treatment-seeking patients (N=41). The hypothesized moderator effect of baseline standing systolic and diastolic BP on DPW and HDD was tested. RESULTS With pre-treatment standing diastolic BP as a moderator, there were significant BP x medication interactions for both DPW [**p=0.009, d=0.80] and HDD [*p=0.018, d=1.11]. Post-hoc analyses indicated significant doxazosin effects in patients with higher standing BP in reducing both DPW and HDD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that higher standing diastolic BP at baseline (pre-treatment) may represent a predictor of doxazosin's response on alcohol consumption in AD patients. These results further elucidate the possible efficacy and mechanisms of action of α1 receptor antagonism in AD individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L. Haass-Koffler
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI,Correspondence: Carolina L. Haass-Koffler, Pharm.D., Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI 02912, Phone: 401-863-6630, , Lorenzo Leggio, M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc., Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, NIAAA DICBR and NIDA IRP, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330) Room 1-5429, Bethesda, MD 20892-1108, Phone: 301-435-9398,
| | - Kimberly Goodyear
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - William H. Zywiak
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Molly Magill
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sarah E. Eltinge
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Victoria M. Long
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Nitya Jayaram-Lindström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert M. Swift
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI
| | - George A. Kenna
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
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