1
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Engel A, Ruhe L, Singh N, Wright JA, Liesch F, Bauland F, Ostermann AI, Sumalowitsch T, Schweinsberg VJT, Geistanger A, Hegel JK, Geletneky C, Taibon J. An isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the quantification of methotrexate in human serum and plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:1917-1929. [PMID: 36788118 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an isotope dilution-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-(ID-LC-MS/MS)-based candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) for quantification of methotrexate in human serum and plasma. METHODS Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) was used to determine absolute methotrexate content in the standard. Separation was achieved on a biphenyl reversed-phase analytical column with mobile phases based on water and acetonitrile, both containing 0.1% formic acid. Sample preparation included protein precipitation in combination with high sample dilution, and method validation according to current guidelines. The following were assessed: selectivity (using analyte-spiked samples, and relevant structural-related compounds and interferences); specificity and matrix effects (via post-column infusion and comparison of human matrix vs. neat samples); precision and accuracy (in a five-day validation analysis). RMP results were compared between two independent laboratories. Measurement uncertainty was evaluated according to current guidelines. RESULTS The RMP separated methotrexate from potentially interfering compounds and enabled measurement over a calibration range of 7.200-5,700 ng/mL (0.01584-12.54 μmol/L), with no evidence of matrix effects. All pre-defined acceptance criteria were met; intermediate precision was ≤4.3% and repeatability 1.5-2.1% for all analyte concentrations. Bias was -3.0 to 2.1% for samples within the measuring range and 0.8-4.5% for diluted samples, independent of the sample matrix. RMP results equivalence was demonstrated between two independent laboratories (Pearson correlation coefficient 0.997). Expanded measurement uncertainty of target value-assigned samples was ≤3.4%. CONCLUSIONS This ID-LC-MS/MS-based approach provides a candidate RMP for methotrexate quantification. Traceability of methotrexate standard and the LC-MS/MS platform were assured by qNMR assessment and extensive method validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anett Engel
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Ruhe
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Annika I Ostermann
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Sumalowitsch
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent J T Schweinsberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Toxicology, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Kolja Hegel
- Department of Studies, Collaborations and Innovation Management, Labor Berlin - Charité Vivantes Services GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Sharma A, Benoit P, Lansigan F, Nierenberg D. Case Report: Serum methotrexate monitoring by immunoassay: confusion by by-product, confusion by antidote. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1237178. [PMID: 37941559 PMCID: PMC10628483 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1237178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate is a commonly used agent in the treatment of many malignancies and rheumatologic/inflammatory diseases. Working by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase and thereby preventing eventual formation of tetrahydrofolate, methotrexate inhibits synthesis of purines and thymidylate, therefore disabling a malignant cell's ability to replicate. While it is able to effectively do this, methotrexate also holds potential for significant toxicity. Therefore, serum methotrexate monitoring is of utmost importance when administering the drug, particularly when high doses are used. Although there are several different measurement systems, the immunoassay is a commonly used monitoring system that may be prone to interference when using agents with similar carbon backbone as methotrexate, including folinic acid (leucovorin) at high doses, as well as in the setting of glucarpidase use and consequent methotrexate breakdown. However, adjusting leucovorin dosing policy and being aware of the potential of the immunoassay to be "confused" by similar molecules have allowed for the efficient and effective use of the immunoassay while preventing prolonged hospital stays at our institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Philip Benoit
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Frederick Lansigan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - David Nierenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, United States
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3
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Szpot P, Wachełko O, Zawadzki M. Toxicological Aspects of Methotrexate Intoxication: Concentrations in Postmortem Biological Samples and Autopsy Findings. TOXICS 2022; 10:572. [PMID: 36287852 PMCID: PMC9609116 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was the establishment of a UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method to determine methotrexate in postmortem biological samples and quantify the postmortem distribution of methotrexate in a case of fatal intoxication of this drug. A volume of 100 μL or 100 mg of postmortem specimens was precipitated with 400 μL of cold methanol and then analyzed using UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The validation parameters of the method were as follows: limit of quantification: 0.1−1.0 ng/mL or ng/g, coefficient of determination: >0.998 (R2), matrix effect, intra- and inter-day accuracies and precisions: not greater than 13.6%, 14.8% and 17.4%, respectively. The recoveries were: 89.0−113.6%. The postmortem distribution studies revealed methotrexate concentrations as follows: blood—7.2 ng/mL, vitreous humor—0.8 ng/mL, liver—43.7 ng/g, kidney—20.6 ng/g, bone marrow—29.9 ng/g, lumbar vertebra—20.0 ng/g. The highest concentrations of methotrexate after poisoning were found in the tissues with the most rapidly dividing cells. The method described is simple, precise and selective. Methotrexate concentrations can be routinely determined in postmortem specimens. Determination of methotrexate in the postmortem biological material is possible after a few days of intensive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Szpot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 4 J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego Street, 50345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olga Wachełko
- Institute of Toxicology Research, 45 Kasztanowa Street, 55093 Borowa, Poland
| | - Marcin Zawadzki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 4 J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego Street, 50345 Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Göksel Y, Dumont E, Slipets R, Rajendran ST, Sarikaya S, Thamdrup LHE, Schmiegelow K, Rindzevicius T, Zor K, Boisen A. Methotrexate Detection in Serum at Clinically Relevant Levels with Electrochemically Assisted SERS on a Benchtop, Custom Built Raman Spectrometer. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2358-2369. [PMID: 35848726 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is an essential clinical practice for optimizing drug dosing, thereby preventing adverse effects of drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, slow clearance, or high interperson pharmacokinetic variability. Monitoring methotrexate (MTX) during high-dose MTX (HD-MTX) therapy is necessary to avoid potentially fatal side effects caused by delayed elimination. Despite the efficacy of HD-MTX treatment, its clinical application in resource-limited settings is constrained due to the relatively high cost and time of analysis with conventional analysis methods. In this work, we developed (i) an electrochemically assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for detecting MTX in human serum at a clinically relevant concentration range and (ii) a benchtop, Raman detection system with an integrated potentiostat, software, and data analysis unit that enables mapping of small areas of SERS substrates and quantitative SERS-based analysis. In the assay, by promoting electrostatic attraction between gold-coated nanopillar SERS substrates and MTX molecules in aqueous samples, a detection limit of 0.13 μM with a linear range of 0.43-2 μM was achieved in PBS. The implemented sample cleanup through gel filtration proved to be highly effective, resulting in a similar detection limit (0.55 μM) and linear range (1.81-5 μM) for both PBS and serum. The developed and optimized assay could also be used on the in-house built, Raman device. We showed that MTX detection can be carried out in less than 30 min with the Raman device, paving the way toward the TDM of MTX at the point-of-need and in resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaman Göksel
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Elodie Dumont
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Roman Slipets
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Sriram T Rajendran
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Sevde Sarikaya
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Lasse H E Thamdrup
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Tomas Rindzevicius
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zor
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
| | - Anja Boisen
- Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.,BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2200, Denmark
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5
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Cao H, Li L, Wang S, Guo H, Ren W, Li Y, Huang J. Dried plasma spot-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of methotrexate in human plasma and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1153-1161. [PMID: 34981894 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate, a folic acid antitumor drug, is widely used to treat childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Therapeutic drug monitoring is crucial for adjusting the dosage of methotrexate according to its plasma concentration and reducing adverse effects. Micro-sampling strategies, like dried plasma spot, is an attractive but underutilized method that has the desired features of easy collection, storage, and transport, and overcomes known hematocrit issues in dried blood spot analysis. This study describes a dried plasma spot-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of methotrexate. The assay showed good linearity over 30-2000 ng/mL (R2 ≥ 0.995) as well as excellent precision (0.6-9.3%) and accuracy (89.2-108.3%). Methotrexate was extracted from dried plasma spot and wet plasma samples with recoveries greater than 92.1%, and no significant matrix effect was observed. A comparison of dried plasma spot and wet plasma concentrations was assessed in 27 patients treated with methotrexate and Passing-Bablok regression coefficients showed that no significant difference between the two methods. Bland-Altman plots showed similar agreement between the methods, indicating that the proposed dried plasma spot sampling method is an effective way to monitor the concentration of methotrexate in human plasma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Wenbo Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, PR China
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6
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Mei S, Cui Y, Zhang D, Zeng C, Ren X, Yu K, Lin S, Zhao Z. Simultaneous Determination of Urine Methotrexate, 7-Hydroxy Methotrexate, Deoxyaminopteroic Acid, and 7-Hydroxy Deoxyaminopteroic Acid by UHPLC-MS/MS in Patients Receiving High-dose Methotrexate Therapy. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:1479-1486. [PMID: 32801284 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity, the most important toxicity in high-dose methotrexate (MTX) therapy, is partly caused by the formation of crystal deposits in the kidney due to poor water solubility of MTX and its metabolites 7-hydroxy methotrexate (7-OH MTX), deoxyaminopteroic acid (DAMPA) and 7-hydroxy deoxyaminopteroic acid (7-OH DAMPA). Plasma MTX level-guided urine alkalinization, leucovorin rescue and glucarpidase detoxification are common strategies to overcome MTX-related nephrotoxicity. However, overestimation is a problem for MTX analysis by immunoassays due to the cross-reactivity of MTX metabolites (7-OH MTX and DAMPA). An UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of MTX, 7-OH MTX, DAMPA and 7-OH DAMPA in human urine was developed, validated and applied in clinical practice. Samples were treated by one-step protein precipitation and analyzed within 3 min. The calibration range was 0.02 to 4 μmol/L for MTX and DAMPA, and 0.1 to 20 μmol/L for 7-OH MTX and 7-OH DAMPA. For all analytes, the intra-day and inter-day bias and imprecision were -8.0 to 7.6 and <9.0%, the internal standard normalized recovery and matrix factor were 92.34 to 109.49 and <20.68%. The plasma MTX and 7-OH MTX levels increased with the urine drug levels, age, serum creatinine and alanine transaminase, but urine could not replace blood for MTX monitoring due to their poor correlation (R2, 0.16 to 0.51). Dose-normalized urine and plasma MTX and 7-OH MTX levels were similar between different patient groups (urine pH <7 or ≥7). Due to the large inter-individual variance of the analytes levels in both plasma and urine, these findings should be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Chun Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Kefu Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
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7
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Rizal Husaini Razali, Rofiee MS, Teh LK, Teh KH, Ibrahim HM, Salleh MZ. Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Methotrexate Quantitation in Human Serum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Heil SG. Genetics of high-dose methotrexate-induced oral mucositis: current perspectives. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 20:621-623. [PMID: 31250729 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Karami F, Ranjbar S, Ghasemi Y, Negahdaripour M. Analytical methodologies for determination of methotrexate and its metabolites in pharmaceutical, biological and environmental samples. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:373-391. [PMID: 31890337 PMCID: PMC6931080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist drug used for several diseases, such as cancers, various malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bowel disease. Due to its structural features, including the presence of two carboxylic acid groups and its low native fluorescence, there are some challenges to develop analytical methods for its determination. MTX is metabolized to 7-hydroxymethotrexate (7-OH-MTX), 2,4-diamino-N10-methylpteroic acid (DAMPA), and the active MTX polyglutamates (MTXPGs) in the liver, intestine, and red blood cells (RBCs), respectively. Additionally, the drug has a narrow therapeutic range; hence, its therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is necessary to regulate the pharmacokinetics of the drug and to decrease the risk of toxicity. Due to environmental toxicity of MTX; its sensitive, fast and low cost determination in workplace environments is of great interest. A large number of methodologies including high performance liquid chromatography equipped with UV-visible, fluorescence, or electrochemical detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, UV-visible spectrophotometry, and electrochemical methods have been developed for the quantitation of MTX and its metabolites in pharmaceutical, biological, and environmental samples. This paper will attempt to review several published methodologies and the instrumental conditions, which have been applied to measure MTX and its metabolites within the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Karami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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10
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Bluett J, Riba-Garcia I, Verstappen SMM, Wendling T, Ogungbenro K, Unwin RD, Barton A. Development and validation of a methotrexate adherence assay. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1192-1197. [PMID: 31167761 PMCID: PMC6788879 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first-line therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is weekly oral methotrexate (MTX) at low dosages (7.5-25 mg/week). However, ~40% of patients are non-adherent which may explain why some do not respond and need to start more expensive biological therapies. To monitor adherence more accurately and develop strategies to improve it, a validated objective MTX adherence test is required. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate the diagnostic accuracy of a novel MTX adherence assay using high-performance liquid chromatography-selected reaction monitoring- mass spectrometry (HPLC-SRM-MS) based biochemical analysis of drug levels. METHODS 20 patients with RA underwent MTX pharmacokinetic assessment using HPLC-SRM-MS MTX plasma concentration analysis over a 6-day period. Directly observed therapy was the reference standard. Pharmacokinetic model validation was performed using independent plasma samples from real-world patients (n=50) with self-reported times of drug administration. Following assay optimisation, the sensitivity of the assay to detect adherence was established using samples from an observational cohort study (n=138). RESULTS A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model was developed and validated. Simulations described the sensitivity required for MTX detection over 7 days; subsequent assay optimisation and retesting of samples confirmed that all patients were correctly identified as MTX adherers. Using real-world samples, the assays sensitivity was 95%. CONCLUSION Non-adherence to MTX is common and can have a significant effect on disease activity. HPLC-SRM-MS plasma analysis accurately detects MTX adherence. The validated objective test could easily be used in clinic to identify patients requiring adherence support.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bluett
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK .,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Isabel Riba-Garcia
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Versus Arthritis Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Thierry Wendling
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kayode Ogungbenro
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard D Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- Versus Arthritis Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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11
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Simultaneous Quantification of Methotrexate and Its Metabolite 7-Hydroxy-Methotrexate in Human Plasma for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Int J Anal Chem 2019; 2019:1536532. [PMID: 30853983 PMCID: PMC6378003 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1536532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish and validate a simple, sensitive, and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of methotrexate (MTX) and its major metabolite 7-hydroxy-methotrexate (7-OH-MTX) in human plasma. Method The chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax C18 column (3.5 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) using a gradient elution with methanol (phase B) and 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution (phase A). The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min with analytical time of 3.5 min. Mass spectrometry detection was performed in a triple-quadruple tandem mass spectrometer under positive ion mode with the following mass transitions: m/z 455.1/308.1 for MTX, 471.0/324.1 for 7-OH-MTX, and 458.2/311.1 for internal standard. The pretreatment procedure was optimized with dilution after one-step protein precipitation. Results The calibration range of methotrexate and 7-OH-MTX was 5.0-10000.0 ng/mL. The intraday and interday precision and accuracy were less than 15% and within ±15% for both analytes. The recovery for MTX and 7-OH-MTX was more than 90% and the matrix effect ranged from 97.90% to 117.60%. Conclusion The method was successfully developed and applied to the routine therapeutic drug monitoring of MTX and 7-OH-MTX in human plasma.
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12
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Methotrexate in Plasma Using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Necessary After Administration of Glucarpidase in Methotrexate Intoxications. Ther Drug Monit 2018; 40:383-385. [PMID: 29994985 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) is used to treat a variety of cancers. In all patients receiving HD-MTX, plasma MTX levels are monitored mainly to anticipate rescue therapy to prevent adverse events. We present 2 children treated with HD-MTX and afterward treated with glucarpidase at different time-points after their HD-MTX infusions. After the administration of glucarpidase, a nontoxic metabolite of MTX cross-reacts with MTX in the standard immunoassay (Abbott Diagnostics, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands) resulting in an artificially elevated MTX level. An artificially elevated MTX level results in unnecessarily long folinic acid administration, which decreases the effectivity of MTX. This grand round highlights the importance of measuring plasma MTX levels after the administration of glucarpidase with an ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method instead of with an immunoassay.
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13
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Mei S, Shi X, Du Y, Cui Y, Zeng C, Ren X, Yu K, Zhao Z, Lin S. Simultaneous determination of plasma methotrexate and 7-hydroxy methotrexate by UHPLC–MS/MS in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate therapy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:300-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Mei S, Zhu L, Li X, Wang J, Jiang X, Chen H, Huo J, Yang L, Lin S, Zhao Z. UPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Methotrexate in Human Plasma and Comparison with the Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay. ANAL SCI 2018; 33:665-670. [PMID: 28603183 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.33.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) plasma concentration is routinely monitored to guide the dosage regimen of rescue drugs. This study aims to develop and validate an ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for plasma MTX analysis, and to establish its agreement with the fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) in patients with high-dose MTX therapy. Separation was achieved by gradient elution with methanol and water (0.05% formic acid) at 40°C with a run time of 3 min. The intra- and inter-day inaccuracy and imprecision of the UPLC-MS/MS method were -4.25 to 3.1 and less than 7.63%, respectively. The IS-normalized recovery and matrix effect were 87.05 to 92.81 and 124.43 to 134.57%. The correlation coefficients between UPLC-MS/MS and FPIA were greater than 0.98. The UPLC-MS/MS method was in agreement with the FPIA at high levels of MTX (1.0 - 100 μmol/L), but not at low levels (0.01 - 1.0 μmol/L). Further studies are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Leting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Xueyun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Jiping Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University
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15
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Patel H, Giri P, Ghoghari A, Delvadia P, Syed M, Srinivas NR. Review of the bioanalytical methods for the determination of methotrexate and its metabolites inin vitro, preclinical and clinical studies: Case studies and perspectives. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Muzeeb Syed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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16
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A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of methotrexate in cancer patients serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1002:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Wu D, Wang Y, Sun Y, Ouyang N, Qian J. A simple, rapid and reliable liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determination of methotrexate in human plasma and its application to therapeutic drug monitoring. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1197-202. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | - Nian Ouyang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center
- Department of Oncology; Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai 200032 China
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18
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Bluett J, Riba-Garcia I, Hollywood K, Verstappen SMM, Barton A, Unwin RD. A HPLC-SRM-MS based method for the detection and quantification of methotrexate in urine at doses used in clinical practice for patients with rheumatological disease: a potential measure of adherence. Analyst 2015; 140:1981-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an02321h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel assay to measure adherence to low-dose oral methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bluett
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - I. Riba-Garcia
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET)
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
- Manchester
- UK
| | - K. Hollywood
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET)
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
- Manchester
- UK
| | - S. M. M. Verstappen
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - A. Barton
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - R. D. Unwin
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET)
- Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
- Manchester
- UK
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19
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Using Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Determination of Erythrocyte Methotrexate Polyglutamates, a Quick and Easy Test? Ther Drug Monit 2014; 36:819-23. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Wu CS, Wang CH, Zhang JL, Wang DM, Tong YF, Wu S, Huang HW, Ning BM. Separation, determination of six impurities in methotrexate drug substance using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Godefroid MJG, von Meyer A, Parsch H, Streichert T, Verstraete AG, Stove V. Multicenter method evaluation of the ARK™ Methotrexate Immunoassay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 52:e13-6. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Begas E, Papandreou C, Tsakalof A, Daliani D, Papatsibas G, Asprodini E. Simple and Reliable HPLC Method for the Monitoring of Methotrexate in Osteosarcoma Patients. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:590-5. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Wu CS, Tong YF, Wang PY, Wang DM, Wu S, Zhang JL. Identification of impurities in methotrexate drug substances using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:971-978. [PMID: 23592199 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Methotrexate (MTX) is an antineoplastic therapeutic medicine that acts as an antimetabolite of folic acid. In this study we identified the impurities in MTX drug substances produced by different manufacturers and in different batches using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA/FTICR-MS). METHODS MTX and its impurities were separated on a Restek Pinnacle II C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a gradient elution system composed of 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Ultraviolet (UV) detection was set at 305 nm. Mass detection was carried out using FTICR-MS with full-scan mass analysis at a resolving power of 100 000 coupled with multiple-stage mass analysis using a parent list of compounds. RESULTS Fifteen impurities were detected in MTX drug substances, and their structures were predicted from using HPLC-PDA/FTICR-MS data, including their UV spectra, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), fragmentation patterns, and MS(n) spectra. Ten of the impurities detected in the MTX drug substances are reported for the first time. There was a high abundance of esterified impurities in some batches of MTX drug substances, over the identification threshold of International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, which requires particular attention. CONCLUSIONS This paper describes a HPLC-PDA/FTICR-MS method to profile and identify impurities in MTX drug substances. The results suggest that HPLC-PDA/FTICR-MS is a valuable analytical technique for the rapid identification of impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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24
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Ganti V, Walker EA, Nagar S. Pharmacokinetic application of a bio-analytical LC-MS method developed for 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate in mouse plasma, brain and urine. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:994-1002. [PMID: 23494628 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the past we have reported significant cognitive deficits in mice receiving 5-fluorouracil in combination with low-dose methotrexate. To explain such interactions, a pharmacokinetic study was designed. A sensitive bio-analytical method was therefore developed and validated for 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate in mouse plasma, brain and urine with liquid chromatography coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. Chromatographic separation was accomplished by Agilent® Zorbax® SB-C18 column, with isocratic elution (5 mM ammonium acetate and methanol, 70:30, %v/v) at a flow rate of 300 μL/min. The limit of quantitation for both drugs was 15.6 ng/mL (plasma and brain) and 78.1 ng/mL (urine), with interday and intraday precision and accuracy ≤15% and a total run time of 6 min. This bio-analytical method was used for the pharmacokinetic characterization of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate in mouse plasma, brain and urine over a period of 24 h. This method allowed characterization of the brain concentrations of 5-fluorouracil over a period of 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Ganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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