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Rahim HA, Damirchi A, Babaei P. Comparison of HIIT and MICT and further detraining on metabolic syndrome and asprosin signaling pathway in metabolic syndrome model of rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11313. [PMID: 38760452 PMCID: PMC11101655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity promotes various metabolic benefits by balancing pro and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Recent studies suggest that asprosin might be involved in progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS), however, the underlying mechanisms have not been understood yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and further detraining on MetS indices, insulin resistance, serum and the liver levels of asprosin, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in menopause-induced MetS model of rats. A total of 64 Wistar rats were used in this study and divided into eight groups: Sham1, OVX1 (ovariectomized), Sham2, OVX2, OVX + HIIT, OVX + MICT, OVX + HIIT + Det (detraining), and OVX + MICT + Det. Animals performed the protocols, and then serum concentrations of asprosin, TNF-α, insulin, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles (TC, LDL, TG, and HDL) were assessed. Additionally, the liver expression of asprosin, AMPK, and P-AMPK was measured by western blotting. Both HIIT and MICT caused a significant decrease in weight, waist circumference, BMI (P = 0.001), and serum levels of glucose, insulin, asprosin (P = 0.001), triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and TNF-α (P = 0.001), but an increase in the liver AMPK, P-AMPK, and P-AMPK/AMPK (P = 0.001), compared with OVX2 noexercised group. MICT was superior to HIIT in reducing serum asprosin, TNF-a, TG, LDL (P = 0.001), insulin, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, and QUEKI index (P = 0.001), but an increase in the liver AMPK, and p-AMPK (P = 0.001). Although after two months of de-training almost all indices returned to the pre exercise values (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that MICT effectively alleviates MetS induced by menopause, at least partly through the activation of liver signaling of P-AMPK and the reduction of asprosin and TNF-α. These results have practical implications for the development of exercise interventions targeting MetS in menopausal individuals, emphasizing the potential benefits of MICT in mitigating MetS-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa Ahmed Rahim
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
- College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Halabja, Halabja, Iraq
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Damirchi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Parvin Babaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Swain CTV, Drummond AE, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, Chong JE, Skinner TL, van Roekel EH, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:2106-2115. [PMID: 36464996 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer via its effect on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system. A systematic review searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT), Mendelian randomization and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on insulin/IGF signaling [IGFs, their binding proteins (IGFBP), and markers of insulin resistance] in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Fifty-eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria, no observational or Mendelian randomization studies met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses indicated that physical activity interventions (vs. control) reduced fasting insulin, the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and fasting glucose. Physical activity increased IGF-1, but there was no clear effect on IGFBP-3 or the ratio of IGF-1:IGFBP-3. Strong evidence was only established for fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to examine the effect of physical activity on C-peptide and HBA1c in women. Reductions in fasting insulin and insulin resistance following exercise suggest some biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-insulin/IGF signaling-breast cancer pathway. See related article by Drummond et al., p. 2116.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jamie E Chong
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Tina L Skinner
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa M Moore
- Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- IHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Ribeiro I, de Lucena E, Oliveira A, Fernandes P. Physical exercise in menopause: a review of physiological changes. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is characterised by several hormonal changes through which women undergo aging. These changes lead to psychological, somatic, urogenital and vasomotor symptoms that influence the quality of life of women. Studies have shown that physical exercise can benefit women in the pre- and postmenopausal stages. However, the physiological benefits of exercise during the menopausal period have been less explored, as well as which type of exercise is most recommended at this stage of life. Therefore, the present review aimed to investigate the physiological changes promoted by the practice of physical exercise during the menopause period. A search for scientific articles was performed in the PubMed database using the descriptors ‘menopause’ and ‘exercise’ and the ‘AND’ connector. The period selected for this study was from 2014 to 2018. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, five articles were selected. As a result, studies suggest that physical exercise promotes hormones, body composition and positive cardiovascular changes, decreases menopausal symptoms and improves psychosocial health. In addition, it is associated with an improvement in the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- I.C. Ribeiro
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - E.G.P. de Lucena
- School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (FEF-UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - A.S. Oliveira
- School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (FEF-UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - P.T. Fernandes
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (FCM-UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
- School of Physical Education, University of Campinas (FEF-UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
- GEPEN (Sport’s Psychology and Neurosciences Study Group), FEF-UNICAMP, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Campinas, 13083-887, Brazil
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Swain CTV, Drummond AE, Boing L, Milne RL, English DR, Brown KA, van Roekel EH, Dixon-Suen SC, Lynch MJ, Moore MM, Gaunt TR, Martin RM, Lewis SJ, Lynch BM. Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Hormones, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on Sex Steroid Hormones. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022; 31:16-27. [PMID: 34670800 PMCID: PMC7612605 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of physical activity on breast cancer risk may be partly mediated by sex steroid hormones. This review synthesized and appraised the evidence for an effect of physical activity on sex steroid hormones. Systematic searches were performed using MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and SPORTDiscus to identify experimental studies and prospective cohort studies that examined physical activity and estrogens, progestins, and/or androgens, as well as sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and glucocorticoids in pre- and postmenopausal women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the GRADE system was used to appraise quality of the evidence. Twenty-eight randomized controlled trials (RCT), 81 nonrandomized interventions, and six observational studies were included. Estrogens, progesterone, and androgens mostly decreased, and SHBG increased, in response to physical activity. Effect sizes were small, and evidence quality was graded moderate or high for each outcome. Reductions in select sex steroid hormones following exercise supports the biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-sex hormone-breast cancer pathway. The confirmed effect of physical activity on decreasing circulating sex steroid hormones supports its causal role in preventing breast cancer.See related reviews by Lynch et al., p. 11 and Drummond et al., p. 28.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann E Drummond
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonessa Boing
- Laboratory of Research in Leisure and Physical Activity, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eline H van Roekel
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne C Dixon-Suen
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Lynch
- Nambour Heights Family Medical, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
| | - Melissa M Moore
- Medical Oncology, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Victoria, Australia.
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zouhal H, Jayavel A, Parasuraman K, Hayes LD, Tourny C, Rhibi F, Laher I, Abderrahman AB, Hackney AC. Effects of Exercise Training on Anabolic and Catabolic Hormones with Advanced Age: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:1353-1368. [PMID: 34936049 PMCID: PMC9124654 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Ageing is accompanied by decreases in physical capacity and physiological regulatory mechanisms including altered hormonal regulation compared with age-matched sedentary people. The potential benefits of exercise in restoring such altered hormone production and secretion compared to age-matched physically inactive individuals who are ageing remains unclear. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the findings of exercise training in modulating levels of ostensibly anabolic and catabolic hormones in adults aged > 40 years. Methods We searched the following electronic databases (to July 2021) without a period limit: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Additionally, a manual search for published studies in Google Scholar was conducted for analysis of the ‘grey literature’ (information produced outside of traditional commercial or academic publishing and distribution channels). The initial search used the terms ‘ageing’ OR ‘advanced age’ OR ‘old people’ OR ‘older’ OR elderly’ AND ‘anabolic hormones’ OR ‘catabolic hormones’ OR ‘steroid hormones’ OR ‘sex hormones’ OR ‘testosterone’ OR ‘cortisol’ OR ‘insulin’ OR ‘insulin-like growth factor-1’ OR ‘IGF-1’ OR ‘sex hormone-binding globulin’ OR ‘SHBG’ OR ‘growth hormone’ OR ‘hGH’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone’ OR ‘DHEA’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)’ AND ‘exercise training’ OR ‘endurance training’ OR ‘resistance training’ OR ‘ strength training’ OR ‘weight-lifting’ OR ‘high-intensity interval training’ OR ‘high-intensity interval exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent training’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent exercise’ OR ‘interval aerobic training’ OR ‘interval aerobic exercise’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic training’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity training’ OR ‘high-intensity exercise’ OR ‘sprint interval training’ OR ‘sprint interval exercise’ OR ‘combined exercise training’ OR ‘anaerobic training’. Only eligible full texts in English or French were considered for analysis. Results Our search identified 484 records, which led to 33 studies for inclusion in the analysis. Different exercise training programs were used with nine studies using endurance training programs, ten studies examining the effects of high-intensity interval training, and 14 studies investigating the effects of resistance training. Most training programs lasted ≥ 2 weeks. Studies, regardless of the design, duration or intensity of exercise training, reported increases in testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), human growth hormone (hGH) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (effect size: 0.19 < d < 3.37, small to very large) in both older males and females. However, there was no consensus on the effects of exercise on changes in cortisol and insulin in older adults. Conclusion In conclusion, findings from this systematic review suggest that exercise training increases basal levels of testosterone, IGF-1, SHBG, hGH and DHEA in both male and females over 40 years of age. The increases in blood levels of these hormones were independent of the mode, duration and intensity of the training programs. However, the effects of long-term exercise training on cortisol and insulin levels in elderly people are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- M2S, Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850, Irodouer, France.
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, 603203, India
| | - Kamalanathan Parasuraman
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, 603203, India
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire Campus, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| | | | - Fatma Rhibi
- M2S, Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ismail Laher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Newton RL, Johnson WD, Larrivee S, Hendrick C, Harris M, Johannsen NM, Swift DL, Hsia DS, Church TS. A Randomized Community-based Exercise Training Trial in African American Men: Aerobic Plus Resistance Training and Insulin Sensitivity in African American Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:408-416. [PMID: 31939911 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the impact of a community-based exercise training intervention on cardiometabolic outcomes in African American men who have a family history of type 2 diabetes. METHODS The Aerobic Plus Resistance Training and Insulin Sensitivity in African American Men (ARTIIS) study randomized participants into either an exercise training intervention or an information only control group for 5 months. The exercise training intervention consisted of 150 min of moderate intensity aerobic activity and 2 d of resistance training per week, consistent with the current federal physical activity guidelines. Participants in the control group received monthly newsletters featuring topics focused heavily on type 2 diabetes education and prevention. Outcome data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANCOVA models and incorporating both intention-to-treat and per-protocol principles. RESULTS Adherence to the aerobic and resistance training prescriptions were between 77% and 79%. Despite significant within group improvements in glucose and insulin levels (fasting, 2 h, 2 h minus baseline) and Homeostatic Model 2-Insulin Resistance, there were not significant between group differences. There was a marginally significant between group difference for Homeostatic Model 2-Beta (P < 0.06), and significant between group differences in peak cardiorespiratory fitness (P < 0.001) and waist circumference (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exercise training in accordance with the current national recommendations is effective in improving some health parameters in middle-age African American men who have a family history of type 2 diabetes, but did not have a significant impact on glycemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Damon L Swift
- College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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Diniz TA, Rossi FE, Buonani C, Mota J, Forte Freitas-Junior I. EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO COMO TRATAMENTO NÃO FARMACOLÓGICO PARA A MELHORA DA SAÚDE PÓS-MENOPAUSA. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220172304156418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O período da pós-menopausa é caracterizado por 12 meses consecutivos de amenorreia. Além de afetar o sistema reprodutivo e a produção de hormônios sexuais, principalmente o estrógeno, essas mulheres apresentam aumento da gordura corporal total, principalmente na região central, o que está relacionado com o desenvolvimento de diversas doenças crônicas, como dislipidemia, aterosclerose e resistência à insulina. Dessa forma, diferentes programas de exercício físico, aeróbico, resistido ou combinado (aeróbico e resistido em uma mesma sessão) podem ser uma forma interessante de tratamento não farmacológico para a prevenção e melhora dos desfechos. Entretanto, as adaptações promovidas pelos diferentes programas de exercício sobre a composição corporal, perfil lipídico e glicêmico não estão claras na literatura e precisam ser elucidadas. Assim sendo, esta revisão tem como objetivo discutir as diferentes adaptações do treinamento aeróbico, resistido e combinado na composição corporal, perfil lipídico e glicêmico de mulheres na pós-menopausa.
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Ennour-Idrissi K, Maunsell E, Diorio C. Effect of physical activity on sex hormones in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:139. [PMID: 26541144 PMCID: PMC4635995 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to high levels of endogenous estrogens is a main risk factor for breast cancer in women, and in observational studies was found to be inversely associated with physical activity. The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of physical activity interventions on sex hormone levels in healthy women. METHODS Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL), from inception to December 2014, and reference lists of relevant reviews and clinical trials were searched, with no language restrictions applied. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they compared any type of exercise intervention to no intervention or other interventions, and assessed the effects on estrogens, androgens or the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in cancer-free women. Following the method described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, data on populations, interventions, and outcomes were extracted, and combined using the inverse-variance method and a random-effects model. A pre-established protocol was drawn up, in which the primary outcome was the difference in circulating estradiol concentrations between the physical activity (experimental) and the control groups after intervention. Pre-specified subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis according to the risk of bias were conducted. RESULTS Data suitable for quantitative synthesis were available from 18 RCTs (1994 participants) for total estradiol and from 5 RCTs (1245 participants) for free estradiol. The overall effect of physical activity was a statistically significant decrease of both total estradiol (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.12; 95 % confidence interval [CI] -0.20 to -0.03; P = 0.01; I (2) = 0 %) and free estradiol (SMD -0.20; 95 % CI -0.31 to -0.09; P = 0.0005; I (2) = 0 %). Subgroup analyses suggest that this effect is independent of menopausal status and is more noticeable for non-obese women and for high intensity exercise. Meta-analysis for secondary outcomes found that physical activity induces a statistically significant decline of free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and adiposity markers, while a significant increase of SHBG was observed. CONCLUSIONS Although the effect is relatively modest, physical activity induces a decrease in circulating sex hormones and this effect is not entirely explained by weight loss. The findings emphasize the benefits of physical activity for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoutar Ennour-Idrissi
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Loc 2428, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6.
| | - Elizabeth Maunsell
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Loc 2428, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6. .,Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8.
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8. .,Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, Loc 2428, Université Laval, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6. .,Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, St-Sacrement Hospital, 1050 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, QC, Canada, G1S 4L8.
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Babaei P, Damirchi A, Hoseini R. The interaction effects of aerobic exercise training and vitamin D supplementation on plasma lipid profiles and insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2015; 19:173-82. [PMID: 26526941 PMCID: PMC4624118 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2015.15070703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction effects of aerobic exercise training and vitamin D supplementation on indices of obesity and plasma lipid profiles in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods Forty female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: aerobic training (3 days/week for 8 weeks; AT; n = 8), aerobic training and vitamin D supplementation (OVX + AT + Vit D; n = 8), vitamin D supplementation (OVX + Vit D; n = 8), ovariectomized control (OVX + C, n = 8) and SHAM (n = 8). After blood sampling, visceral fat was taken from the abdominal cavity and weighed immediately. Data was statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Repeated measure ANOVA tests with a 0.05 significance level. Results Body weight, visceral fat, BMI and food intake decreased significantly in OVX + AT + Vit D (P < 0.001); whereas these variables increased significantly in OVX + C (P < 0.001) and SHAM (P < 0.023) groups. At the end of two-months of follow-up, we observed significant differences in TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR in all groups. Conclusion It seems that aerobic training with vitamin D, due to the involvement of muscle mass and exposure to dynamic pressure on the bones and muscles, increased energy expenditure, stimulated insulin exudation and glucose homeostasis, decreased insulin resistance and improved the lipid profile in ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Babaei
- Department of Physiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arsalan Damirchi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Strand MA, Will T, Gu X, Perry J. A Descriptive Study of the Progression of the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Chinese Population. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2015; 35:163-76. [DOI: 10.1177/0272684x15569490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study investigated the prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in middle-aged (44–56 years) men and women in China. The presence of the components of the MetS was determined in a cohort of 643 persons born in 1956, 1960–1961, and 1964 in Shanxi Province China in 2008 and 2012. The rate of MetS in 2008 was 51.63% (95% CI [44.73, 58.48]) and 37.15% (95% CI [32.56, 41.92]) and in 2012 was 50.23% (95% CI [43.35, 57.10]) and 46.26% (95% CI [41.46, 51.11]) for men and women, respectively. Increased blood glucose and triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein for women, and blood glucose and triglycerides for men were the components responsible for the development of MetS from 2008 to 2012. MetS develops differently between men and women. From age 44 to 56, the rate is unchanged among men and increasing among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Strand
- Public Health Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Theresa Will
- City and County Public Health Department, Valley City, ND, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Gu
- Statistics Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Judith Perry
- Medical Department, Shanxi Evergreen Service, Taiyuan, China
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