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O'Bryan SJ, Giuliano C, Woessner MN, Vogrin S, Smith C, Duque G, Levinger I. Progressive Resistance Training for Concomitant Increases in Muscle Strength and Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:1939-1960. [PMID: 35608815 PMCID: PMC9325860 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Older adults experience considerable muscle and bone loss that are closely interconnected. The efficacy of progressive resistance training programs to concurrently reverse/slow the age-related decline in muscle strength and bone mineral density (BMD) in older adults remains unclear. Objectives We aimed to quantify concomitant changes in lower-body muscle strength and BMD in older adults following a progressive resistance training program and to determine how these changes are influenced by mode (resistance only vs. combined resistance and weight-bearing exercises), frequency, volume, load, and program length. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched for articles published in English before 1 June, 2021. Randomized controlled trials reporting changes in leg press or knee extension one repetition maximum and femur/hip or lumbar spine BMD following progressive resistance training in men and/or women ≥ 65 years of age were included. A random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression determined the effects of resistance training and the individual training characteristics on the percent change (∆%) in muscle strength (standardized mean difference) and BMD (mean difference). The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (version 2.0) and Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Results Seven hundred and eighty studies were identified and 14 were included. Progressive resistance training increased muscle strength (∆ standardized mean difference = 1.1%; 95% confidence interval 0.73, 1.47; p ≤ 0.001) and femur/hip BMD (∆ mean difference = 2.77%; 95% confidence interval 0.44, 5.10; p = 0.02), but not BMD of the lumbar spine (∆ mean difference = 1.60%; 95% confidence interval − 1.44, 4.63; p = 0.30). The certainty for improvement was greater for muscle strength compared with BMD, evidenced by less heterogeneity (I2 = 78.1% vs 98.6%) and a higher overall quality of evidence. No training characteristic significantly affected both outcomes (p > 0.05), although concomitant increases in strength and BMD were favored by higher training frequencies, increases in strength were favored by resistance only and higher volumes, and increases in BMD were favored by combined resistance plus weight-bearing exercises, lower volumes, and higher loads. Conclusions Progressive resistance training programs concomitantly increase lower-limb muscle strength and femur/hip bone mineral density in older adults, with greater certainty for strength improvement. Thus, to maximize the efficacy of progressive resistance training programs to concurrently prevent muscle and bone loss in older adults, it is recommended to incorporate training characteristics more likely to improve BMD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-022-01675-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J O'Bryan
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia.
| | - Catherine Giuliano
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Mary N Woessner
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cassandra Smith
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3134, Australia.,Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Effects of Circuit Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 30:725-738. [PMID: 34627129 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of circuit resistance training (CRT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and body composition in middle-aged and older women. Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The CRT interventions led to a significant decrease in weight, body mass index, and fat mass along with an increase in muscle mass. Significant differences were found in the fat mass and a trend to develop muscle mass when compared with the control group. CRT led to a significant increase in VO2max, walking endurance, and time to exhaustion; likewise, significant differences were observed when compared with the control group. CRT had a moderate and large favorable effect on arm, trunk, and lower limb strength. Furthermore, the increases in strength observed in the CRT were significantly greater than the changes observed in the control group. In middle-aged and older women, CRT improved cardiorespiratory fitness and strength and optimized body composition.
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Whole-body electrical stimulation as a strategy to improve functional capacity and preserver lean mass after bariatric surgery: a randomized triple-blind controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1476-1487. [PMID: 33927333 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bariatric surgery (BS) is a successful, long-lasting treatment option for obese. The early postoperative (PO) period is followed by dietary restriction and physical inactivity, leading to declines in muscle mass and functional capacity. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) may be a feasible and potential early rehabilitation strategy post BS. The aim was to evaluate the effects of WB-EMS with exercise training (Fe) on functional capacity, body composition, blood biomarkers, muscle strength, and endurance post BS. SUBJECTS/METHODS This is a randomized, triple-blind, sham-controlled trial. Thirty-five volunteers underwent a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and were randomized into a WB-EMS (WB-EMSG) or control group (ShamG). Preoperative evaluations consisted of maximal and submaximal exercise testing, body composition, blood biomarkers, quadriceps strength, and endurance. After discharge, functional capacity and body composition were obtained. Exercise training protocols in both groups consisted of 14 dynamic exercises, 5 days per week, completing 30 sessions. The WB-EMSG also underwent an electrical stimulation protocol (Endurance: 85 Hz, 350 ms, 6 s of strain, 4 f of rest; Strength: 30 Hz, 350 ms, 4 s of strain, 10 seconds of rest, with bipolar electrical pulse). After intervention, subjects were reevaluated. RESULTS The protocol started on average 6.7 ± 3.7 days after discharge. Both groups presented with a decline in functional capacity after BS (p < 0.05) and a reduction in all body composition measurements (p < 0.05). The exercise training program led to significant improvements in functional capacity (ShamG - PO: 453.8 ± 66.1 m, Post: 519.2 ± 62.8 m; WB-EMSG- PO: 435.9 ± 74.5, Post: 562.5 ± 66.4 m, p < 0.05), however, only the WB-EMSG demonstrated significant changes of distance walked (interaction time vs group effect, p < 0.05). In addition, adiponectin significantly increased only in the WB-EMSG (p < 0.05). The WB-EMSG was also able to preserve muscle strength, endurance, and fatigue index, while the ShamG demonstrated significant decline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION WB-EMS + Fe can be an attractive and feasible method following BS to enhance functional capacity and prevent deterioration of muscle function in the early PO. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ReBEC, RBR-99qw5h, on 20 February 2015.
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Rubio-Arias JÁ, Martínez-Aranda LM, Andreu-Caravaca L, Sanz G, Benito PJ, Ramos-Campo DJ. Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Training on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Strength in the Population Who Are Overweight and Obese: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 102:2442-2453. [PMID: 33965395 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on body composition, metabolic and cardiovascular risk variables, and lower limb strength in participants who are overweight/obese. DATA SOURCES A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) from inception through to January 26, 2020. STUDY SELECTION Studies analyzing the effect of WBVT on body composition variables, metabolic profile, blood pressure, heart rate, and lower limb strength in the population who are overweight/obese, with interventions of a minimum length of 2 weeks were included. DATA EXTRACTION After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 studies involving 884 participants who were obese/overweight (experimental group: 543; weight=79.9 kg; body mass index (BMI) =31.3 kg/m2, obesity class I according to World Health Organization) were used in the quantitative analysis. The sex of the participants involved in the studies were as follows: (1) 17 studies included only female participants; (2) 1 study included only boys, and (3) 5 studies included both sexes. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression methods were used to calculate the mean difference and standardized mean difference (SMD; ± 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) as well as to analyze the effects of pre-post intervention WBVT and differences from control groups. DATA SYNTHESIS WBVT led to a significant decrease in fat mass (-1.07 kg, not clinically significant). In addition, WBVT reduced systolic blood pressure (-7.01 mmHg, clinically significant), diastolic blood pressure (-1.83 mmHg), and heart rate (-2.23 bpm), as well as increased the lower extremity strength (SMD=0.63; range, 0.40-0.86). On the other hand, WBVT did not modify the weight, BMI, muscle mass, cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose. CONCLUSIONS WBVT could be an effective training modality to reduce blood pressure (clinically relevant) and resting heart rate. In addition, WBVT led to improved lower limb strength. However, these findings were not consistent with significant improvements on other variables associated with metabolic syndrome (body composition, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Á Rubio-Arias
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Education. University of Almería, Almeria, Spain.
| | | | - Luis Andreu-Caravaca
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; International Chair of Sports Medicine, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gema Sanz
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Gnomics, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro J Benito
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Domingo J Ramos-Campo
- Faculty of Sport, Catholic University of San Antonio (UCAM), Murcia, Spain; Department of Education, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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The Associations between Functional Fitness Test Performance and Abdominal Obesity in Healthy Elderly People: Results from the National Physical Fitness Examination Survey in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010264. [PMID: 33396485 PMCID: PMC7796088 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between different functional fitness performance and abdominal obesity among the elderly have not been widely discussed in the literature. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between functional fitness test performance and abdominal obesity in Taiwanese elderly people. A total of 22,399 items of data from the National Physical Fitness Survey Databases in Taiwan (NPFSD 2014-15) were reviewed and analyzed. The quartiles of functional fitness test results were identified as the dependent variable in the multiple linear regression analysis to examine the association between functional fitness and abdominal obesity status. The results showed that body balance (odds ratios (ORs) listed from 1.18 to 2.29, p < 0.05) and flexibility (ORs listed from 1.23 to 2.16, p < 0.05) were critically associated with abdominal obesity. However, measurements related to muscle strength revealed the limited effect sizes for abdominal obesity. From a disability prevention perspective, the development of muscle strength in the elderly should be emphasized and encouraged to maintain their daily capabilities instead of satisfaction with a lean body.
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Ishii Y, Noguchi H, Sato J, Ishii H, Ishii R, Toyabe SI. Association of knee osteoarthritis grade with one-leg standing balance and quadriceps strength in male independent ambulators aged ≥80 years. J Orthop 2020; 21:79-83. [PMID: 32255985 PMCID: PMC7113604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-leg standing (OLS) balance is an important predictor of falls in people of advanced age. In this population, muscle weakness and knee osteoarthritis also contribute to falls and resultant fractures and thereby affect mortality rates. The Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification is widely used in the radiographic evaluation of knee osteoarthritis. This study was performed to evaluate OLS balance and the quadriceps strength (QS) for each KL grade and to clarify the impact of the knee osteoarthritis grade on OLS balance and QS. HYPOTHESIS OLS balance shows results compatible with those of previous reports when independent walking is possible because of maintenance of QS regardless of the OA grade. METHODS This single-center prospective cross-sectional study included data on 106 male orthopedic patients (106 knees) aged ≥80 years who could walk independently. OLS balance with eyes open was assessed using the patient's preferred leg. A handheld dynamometer was used to measure QS. The ratio of muscle strength to body weight (QS/BW ratio) was used to evaluate outcomes. Weight-bearing standing knee radiographs were evaluated using the KL classification. OLS balance and the QS/BW ratio were evaluated for each KL grade, and the correlations of the KL grade with OLS balance and the QS/BW ratio were assessed simultaneously. RESULTS For each KL grade, the number of participants (n), median OLS balance (seconds), and QS/BW ratio (N/kg) were as follows: grade I: 24, 12, and 4.9; grade II: 51, 14, and 5.2; grade III: 22, 14, and 4.9; and grade IV: 9, 26, and 5.7, respectively. There were no significant differences in either OLS balance or the QS/BW ratio among the four grades. CONCLUSIONS Participants exhibited good OLS balance and QS/BW ratio regardless of their KL grade. This study demonstrated an absence of correlations of the KL grade with OLS balance and the QS/BW ratio, as was previously reported for the KL grade and pain. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Ishii
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Hideo Noguchi
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Junko Sato
- Ishii Orthopaedic & Rehabilitation Clinic, 1089 Shimo-Oshi, Gyoda, Saitama, 361-0037, Japan
| | - Hana Ishii
- Kanazawa Medical University, School of Plastic Surgery, 1-1 Daigaku Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0253, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishii
- Sado General Hospital, 161 Chikusa Sado, Niigata, 952-1209, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Toyabe
- Niigata University Crisis Management Office, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1 Asahimachi Dori Niigata, Niigata, 951-8520, Japan
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Rodacki ALF, Boneti Moreira N, Pitta A, Wolf R, Melo Filho J, Rodacki CDLN, Pereira G. Is Handgrip Strength a Useful Measure to Evaluate Lower Limb Strength and Functional Performance in Older Women? Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:1045-1056. [PMID: 32636619 PMCID: PMC7335282 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s253262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to determine the association of handgrip strength with isometric and isokinetic strength (hip, knee and ankle extensor/flexor muscles), and functional capacity in older women. Methods The handgrip strength and lower limb strength of 199 older women (60–86 years) were measured using JAMAR and BIODEX dynamometers, respectively. Time Up and Go, Five-times-sit-to-stand and 6m-walk functional tests were evaluated. Pearson correlations were used to determine the relationship between variables. Regression analysis was applied to identify if HS was able to predict TUG performance. The effect of age was analyzed by splitting the participants in a group of older women (OLD; from 60 to 70 years old) and very old women (from 71 to 86 years old). Results The HS and isometric/isokinetic strength correlations were negligible/low and, in most cases, were non-significant. The correlation between handgrip strength and functional tests also ranged predominantly from negligible (r=0.0 to 0.3) to low (r=0.3 to 0.5), irrespective of the group age. The handgrip strength was not able to explain the variance of the TUG performance. Conclusion Generalizing handgrip strength as a practical and straightforward measure to determine lower limbs and overall strength, and functional capacity in older women must be viewed with caution. Handgrip strength and standard strength measures of the lower limbs and functional tests present a negligible/low correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Boneti Moreira
- Department of Physiotherapy Prevention and Rehabilitation, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Arthur Pitta
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renata Wolf
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Melo Filho
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cintia de Lourdes Nahhas Rodacki
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Paraná Technological Federal University, Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gleber Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
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Raczkiewicz D, Bojar I, Humeniuk E. Work ability, functional exercise capacity and prevalence of obesity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with non-manual employment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2019; 27:970-978. [PMID: 31584355 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2019.1676565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective. This study aimed to evaluate work ability and functional exercise capacity, and their correlation to each other and to obesity, in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with non-manual employment. Materials and methods. The study included 300 women aged 44-66 years. The following measures were used: work ability index (WAI), 6-min walk test (6MWT), body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and adipose tissue accumulation. Regression models of the WAI and distance in the 6MWT were estimated. Results. The examined women obtained WAI 39.0 ± 5.0, BMI 26.2 ± 4.6, WHR 0.819 ± 0.060 and adipose tissue accumulation 30.1 ± 6.1%, on average. About 19% of women obtained a very good work ability score, 55% good, 23% medium and 3% poor. About 17% of women were obese, 39% overweight and 44% normal body mass, 29% had abdominal obesity, 19% had elevated accumulation of adipose tissue and 21% had high accumulation of adipose tissue. These results did not differ significantly between perimenopausal and postmenopausal women The postmenopausal women obtained a significantly lower functional exercise capacity score than perimenopausal women. Conclusion. Work ability correlates positively to functional exercise capacity, which correlates negatively to adipose tissue accumulation in perimenopausal women with non-manual employment, but not in postmenopausal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Raczkiewicz
- Institute of Statistics and Demography, SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Poland
| | - Iwona Bojar
- Department of Women's Health, Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Humeniuk
- Department of Pathology and Rehabilitation of Speech, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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Buckinx F, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Relevance to assess and preserve muscle strength in aging field. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 94:109663. [PMID: 31176745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
According to the revised European consensus on sarcopenia, muscle strength is the primary parameter of sarcopenia and is associated with adverse outcomes or physical limitation. This literature review aims to clarify how and why to measure and preserve muscle strength in older population. Overall, the relationship between muscle strength and physical function is impacted by level of muscle mass, the degree of obesity (BMI), age and physical activity. Therefore, these factors are to be considered in the evaluation of muscle strength. It is necessary to have objective, reliable and sensitive tools to assess muscle strength, in different populations to detect and quantify weakness, to adapt physical exercises to patients' capacity and to evaluate the effects of treatment. Handgrip strength measurement might be reasonable for clinical practice while the measurement of knee flexors/extensors strength with both 1RM and dynamometers is increasingly important yet restricted by the requirement of special equipment. Physical activity and nutrition are two important behavioral factors to maintain muscle strength. Combined exercise and nutrition interventions improved muscle strength to a more prominent degree than exercise or nutrition alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buckinx
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada
| | - M Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée (GRAPA), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Canada.
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Austin P, Gerber L, Paik JM, Price JK, Escheik C, Younossi ZM. Aerobic capacity and exercise performance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:1376-1388. [DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Wagoner CW, Hanson ED, Ryan ED, Brooks R, Wood WA, Jensen BC, Lee JT, Coffman EM, Battaglini CL. Two weeks of lower body resistance training enhances cycling tolerability to improve precision of maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing in sedentary middle-aged females. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1159-1164. [PMID: 30856340 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It is not uncommon for sedentary individuals to cite leg fatigue as the primary factor for test termination during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a cycle ergometer. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 weeks of lower body resistance training (RT) on cardiopulmonary capacity in sedentary middle-aged females. Additionally, the impact of RT on muscle strength was evaluated. Following familiarization, 28 women (18 exercise group, 10 control group) completed a maximal CPET on a cycle ergometer to determine peak oxygen uptake and leg extensor strength assessed using isokinetic dynamometry. Participants in the exercise group performed 2 weeks (6 sessions) of lower body RT, which comprised leg press, leg curl, and leg extension exercises. A 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the difference in changes of peak oxygen uptake and peak torque (PT). Peak oxygen uptake significantly improved from 22.2 ± 4.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 to 24.3 ± 4.4 mL·kg-1·min-1 (10.8%, p < 0.05) as well as PT from 83.1 ± 25.4 Nm to 89.0 ± 29.7 Nm (6.1%, p < 0.05) in the exercise group with no change in the control group. These findings provide initial evidence that 2 weeks of lower body RT prior to a CPET may be a helpful preconditioning strategy to achieve a more accurate peak oxygen uptake during testing, enhancing tolerability to a CPET by improving lower body strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad W Wagoner
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Eric D Ryan
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Ryan Brooks
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - William A Wood
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian C Jensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Jordan T Lee
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Erin M Coffman
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Claudio L Battaglini
- Exercise Oncology Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Sola-Rodríguez S, Gavilán-Carrera B, Vargas-Hitos JA, Sabio JM, Morillas-de-Laguno P, Soriano-Maldonado A. Physical Fitness and Body Composition in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E57. [PMID: 30795629 PMCID: PMC6410128 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Higher physical fitness is associated with a more favorable weight and body composition in the general population, although this association has not been studied in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the present study was to examine the association of different components of physical fitness with body composition in women with SLE with mild disease activity. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 77 women with SLE (43.2 ± 13.8 years old) and clinical stability during the previous 6 months. Body composition (including body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and waist-to-hip ratio) was assessed using a stadiometer, an anthropometric tape, and a bioimpedance device. Physical fitness included cardiorespiratory fitness (Siconolfi step test and 6 min walk test), muscular strength (handgrip strength test as upper body measure and 30 s chair stand as lower body measure), and flexibility (back-scratch test). Participants with a fitness level equal or above the median of the study sample were categorized as "fit" and those below the median were categorized as "unfit". Linear regression assessed the association of physical fitness with body composition parameters. Results: Cardiorespiratory fitness and upper body muscular strength were negatively associated with BMI, FMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (all, p < 0.05). Lower body muscular strength and flexibility were negatively related to FMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and waist-to-hip ratio (all, p < 0.05). These relationships were still significant after controlling for age, disease duration, accrual damage, and SLE activity. Overall, fit patients presented significantly lower values in all body composition parameters compared to unfit patients (all, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The main findings of the present study suggest that physical fitness is inversely associated with body composition in women with SLE. Given the cross-sectional nature of this study, future clinical trials should study the causal pathways underlying these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Sola-Rodríguez
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain.
| | - Blanca Gavilán-Carrera
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Vargas-Hitos
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada 18014, Spain.
| | - José Mario Sabio
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, "Virgen de las Nieves" University Hospital, Granada 18014, Spain.
| | - Pablo Morillas-de-Laguno
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Alberto Soriano-Maldonado
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain.
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), CERNEP Research Center, University of Almería, Almería, 04120, Spain.
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