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Schoch L, Alcover S, Padró T, Ben-Aicha S, Mendieta G, Badimon L, Vilahur G. Update of HDL in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2023; 35:297-314. [PMID: 37940388 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence supported an inverse association between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), identifying HDL-C as a major cardiovascular risk factor and postulating diverse HDL vascular- and cardioprotective functions beyond their ability to drive reverse cholesterol transport. However, the failure of several clinical trials aimed at increasing HDL-C in patients with overt cardiovascular disease brought into question whether increasing the cholesterol cargo of HDL was an effective strategy to enhance their protective properties. In parallel, substantial evidence supports that HDLs are complex and heterogeneous particles whose composition is essential for maintaining their protective functions, subsequently strengthening the "HDL quality over quantity" hypothesis. The following state-of-the-art review covers the latest understanding as per the roles of HDL in ASCVD, delves into recent advances in understanding the complexity of HDL particle composition, including proteins, lipids and other HDL-transported components and discusses on the clinical outcomes after the administration of HDL-C raising drugs with particular attention to CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schoch
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sebastián Alcover
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Clinical Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Iatan I, Choi HY, Genest J. High-Density Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Disease-Where do We Stand? Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022; 51:557-572. [PMID: 35963628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have shown that high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in humans are associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This association is strong and coherent across populations and remains after the elimination of covariates. Animal studies show that increasing HDL particles prevent atherosclerosis, and basic work on the biology of HDL supports a strong biological plausibility for a therapeutic target. This enthusiasm is dampened by Mendelian randomization data showing that HDL-C may not be causal in ASCVD. Furthermore, drugs that increase HDL-C have largely failed to prevent or treat ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Iatan
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Bloc E, EM12212, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hong Y Choi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Bloc E, EM12212, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Bloc E, EM12212, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.
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3
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HDL, cholesterol efflux, and ABCA1: Free from good and evil dualism. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Altabas V, Biloš LSK. The Role of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Atherosclerosis and Impact of Anti-Lipemic Treatments on Endothelial Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052663. [PMID: 35269807 PMCID: PMC8910333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are associated with advanced atherosclerosis. Although atherosclerosis is still regarded as an incurable disease, at least in its more advanced stages, the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), with their ability to replace old and injured cells and differentiate into healthy and functional mature endothelial cells, has shifted our view of atherosclerosis as an incurable disease, and merged traditional theories of atherosclerosis pathogenesis with evolving concepts of vascular biology. EPC alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of vascular abnormalities in atherosclerosis, but many questions remain unanswered. Many currently available drugs that impact cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have shown a positive effect on EPC biology. This review examines the role of endothelial progenitor cells in atherosclerosis development, and the impact standard antilipemic drugs, including statins, fibrates, and ezetimibe, as well as more novel treatments such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) modulating agents and angiopoietin-like proteins (Angtpl3) inhibitors have on EPC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velimir Altabas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-3787-692
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Banfi C, Baetta R, Barbieri SS, Brioschi M, Guarino A, Ghilardi S, Sandrini L, Eligini S, Polvani G, Bergman O, Eriksson P, Tremoli E. Prenylcysteine oxidase 1, an emerging player in atherosclerosis. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1109. [PMID: 34548610 PMCID: PMC8455616 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The research into the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has considerably increased our understanding of the disease complexity, but still many questions remain unanswered, both mechanistically and pharmacologically. Here, we provided evidence that the pro-oxidant enzyme Prenylcysteine Oxidase 1 (PCYOX1), in the human atherosclerotic lesions, is both synthesized locally and transported within the subintimal space by proatherogenic lipoproteins accumulating in the arterial wall during atherogenesis. Further, Pcyox1 deficiency in Apoe-/- mice retards atheroprogression, is associated with decreased features of lesion vulnerability and lower levels of lipid peroxidation, reduces plasma lipid levels and inflammation. PCYOX1 silencing in vitro affects the cellular proteome by influencing multiple functions related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and platelet adhesion. Collectively, these findings identify the pro-oxidant enzyme PCYOX1 as an emerging player in atherogenesis and, therefore, understanding the biology and mechanisms of all functions of this unique enzyme is likely to provide additional therapeutic opportunities in addressing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Banfi
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - R. Baetta
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - S. S. Barbieri
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - M. Brioschi
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - A. Guarino
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Ghilardi
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - L. Sandrini
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - S. Eligini
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - G. Polvani
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Milan, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Milano, Italy ,grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Development and Innovation Cardiac Surgery Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - O. Bergman
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. Eriksson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E. Tremoli
- grid.418230.c0000 0004 1760 1750Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milano, Italy
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Yu J, Li W, Xiao X, Huang Q, Yu J, Yang Y, Han T, Zhang D, Niu X. (-)-Epicatechin gallate blocks the development of atherosclerosis by regulating oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Food Funct 2021; 12:8715-8727. [PMID: 34365492 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epicatechin gallate (ECG), as a compound in green tea extract polyphenols, has specific therapeutic effects against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress exists throughout the pathological development of atherosclerosis. In this study, two atherosclerosis models, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and high fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE-/- mice, were applied to explore the mechanism of ECG intervention on AS. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that ECG reduced the level of MDA and increased the activity of SOD, which are oxidative stress factors. ECG also improved HFD-induced disorder of lipid factor expression in the serum of ApoE-/- mice and alleviated oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant activity. The potential mechanism was supposed to be the inhibition of the phosphorylation of p65 by ECG in the NF-κB pathway in the aorta, thereby blocking the expression of inflammatory mediators. In addition, ECG increased the stability of atherosclerosis plaques by reducing the expression of MMP-2 and ICAM-1 in atherosclerosis diseased tissues. ECG reduced lipid accumulation in the aorta and its roots and also plaque neoplasia. Western blotting experiments indicated that ECG increased the nuclear transfer of Nrf2 and the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was increased. These results demonstrated that ECG significantly reduced the formation of aortic plaque in ApoE-/- mice which was possibly triggered by the inhibition of hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress that exhibited the anti-atherosclerotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Tengfei Han
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited by Share LTD, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Dezhu Zhang
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited by Share LTD, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
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7
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Schoch L, Badimon L, Vilahur G. Unraveling the Complexity of HDL Remodeling: On the Hunt to Restore HDL Quality. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070805. [PMID: 34356869 PMCID: PMC8301317 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has cast doubt over the HDL-cholesterol hypothesis. The complexity of the HDL particle and its proven susceptibility to remodel has paved the way for intense molecular investigation. This state-of-the-art review discusses the molecular changes in HDL particles that help to explain the failure of large clinical trials intending to interfere with HDL metabolism, and details the chemical modifications and compositional changes in HDL-forming components, as well as miRNA cargo, that render HDL particles ineffective. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges that need to be overcome to shed a light of hope on HDL-targeted approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schoch
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (L.B.)
- CiberCV, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (L.S.); (L.B.)
- CiberCV, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-935537100
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8
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Wu TT, Zheng YY, Xiu WJ, Wang WR, Xun YL, Ma YY, Kadir P, Pan Y, Ma YT, Xie X. White Blood Cell Counts to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio, as a Novel Predictor of Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:616896. [PMID: 34307487 PMCID: PMC8295559 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.616896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: White blood cell (WBC) counts and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are widely available in clinical practice. However, the predictive value for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is uncertain. In the present study, we firstly assessed the prognostic value of WBC to HDL-C ratio (WHR) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Six thousand and fifty patients with CAD after PCI from a retrospective cohort study (identifier: ChiCTR-INR-16010153) were evaluated initially. Three hundred and seventy-one patients were excluded due to HDL cholesterol data not available, malignancy, dementia, psoriasis or eczema, systemic connective tissue disorders, multiple sclerosis, chronic liver disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Finally, 5,679 patients were included in the study. The primary outcome was long-term mortality. Secondary endpoints were mainly major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), defined as a combination of stroke, cardiac death, stent thrombosis, recurrent myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization. The mean follow-up time of this study was 35.9 ± 22.5 months. We defined the best cutoff value of MHR according to the receiver operating curve (ROC), and then patients were divided into high and low WHR groups according to the cutoff value. We analyzed the data in both an acute coronary syndrome group (ACS) and a stable CAD subgroup, respectively. Results: Overall, there were 293 cases of long-term mortality during the follow-up period. According to the cutoff value (WHR = 8.25), 1,901 ACS patients were divided into high WHR group (n = 724) and low WHR group (n = 1,177). Compared to low WHR group, the incidence of all-cause mortality (ACM, 5.5 vs. 3.6%, p = 0.048) and cardiac death (4.7vs. 2.9%, p = 0.042) were significantly higher in the high WHR group. In stable CAD group, we also found the incidence of ACM and cardiac death were significantly higher in the high group compared to that in the low group. We did not find significant difference between the high and the low WHR group in the incidence of MACCEs. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that increased WHR level was independently correlated with the mortality. In the high WHR group, the risk of ACM increased two times in ACS [adjusted HR = 2.036 (1.258–3.296), p = 0.004] and 1.5 times in stable CAD [adjusted HR = 1.586 (1.178–2.136), p = 0.002]. Conclusion: The present study indicated that an increased WBC count to HDL-C ratio was independently associated with long-term mortality in CAD patients who underwent PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Juan Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wan-Rong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Li Xun
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan-Yan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Patigvl Kadir
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yi-Tong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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9
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Choi HY, Ruel I, Genest J. Identification of Docetaxel as a Potential Drug to Promote HDL Biogenesis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679456. [PMID: 34093205 PMCID: PMC8176524 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our recent studies showed that desmocollin 1 (DSC1) binds to apoA-I in order to inhibit apoA-I-mediated high density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis in atherosclerotic plaques. To promote HDL biogenesis in the plaque, here we search for small molecules that block apoA-I-DSC1 interactions. Approach and Results: We combined mutational and computational mapping methods to show that amino acid residues 442-539 in the mature DSC1 protein form an apoA-I binding site (AIBS). Using a crystal structure of the AIBS, we carried out virtual screening of 10 million small molecules to estimate their binding affinities to the AIBS, followed by the selection of 51 high-affinity binding molecules as potential inhibitors of apoA-I-DSC1 interactions. Among the 51, the chemotherapy drug docetaxel showed the highest potency in promoting apoA-I-mediated HDL biogenesis in primary human skin fibroblasts with the half-maximal effective concentration of 0.72 nM. In silico docking studies suggest that the taxane ring in docetaxel binds to the AIBS and that the carbon-13 sidechain of the taxane tightens/stabilizes the binding. The HDL biogenic effect of docetaxel was also observed in two predominant cell types in atherosclerosis, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Importantly, docetaxel promoted HDL biogenesis at concentrations much lower than those required for inducing cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Determination of the AIBS in DSC1 and AIBS structure-based virtual screening allowed us to identify docetaxel as a strong HDL biogenic agent. With the remarkable potency in promoting HDL biogenesis, a chemotherapy drug docetaxel may be repurposed to enhance atheroprotective HDL functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Y Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Ruel
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Genest
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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Yubero-Serrano EM, Alcalá-Diaz JF, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Peña-Orihuela PJ, Blanco-Rojo R, Martinez-Botas J, Torres-Peña JD, Perez-Martinez P, Ordovas JM, Delgado-Lista J, Gómez-Coronado D, Lopez-Miranda J. Association between cholesterol efflux capacity and peripheral artery disease in coronary heart disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:72. [PMID: 33766036 PMCID: PMC7993540 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is recognized as a significant predictor of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). In fact, coexisting PAD and CHD is strongly associated with a greater coronary event recurrence compared with either one of them alone. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is found to be inversely associated with an increased risk of incident CHD. However, this association is not established in patients with PAD in the context of secondary prevention. In this sense, our main aim was to evaluate the association between CEC and PAD in patients with CHD and whether the concurrent presence of PAD and T2DM influences this association. Methods CHD patients (n = 1002) from the CORDIOPREV study were classified according to the presence or absence of PAD (ankle-brachial index, ABI ≤ 0.9 and ABI > 0.9 and < 1.4, respectively) and T2DM status. CEC was quantified by incubation of cholesterol-loaded THP-1 cells with the participants' apoB-depleted plasma was performed. Results The presence of PAD determined low CEC in non-T2DM and newly-diagnosed T2DM patients. Coexisting PAD and newly-diagnosed T2DM provided and additive effect providing an impaired CEC compared to non-T2DM patients with PAD. In established T2DM patients, the presence of PAD did not determine differences in CEC, compared to those without PAD, which may be restored by glucose-lowering treatment. Conclusions Our findings suggest an inverse relationship between CEC and PAD in CHD patients. These results support the importance of identifying underlying mechanisms of PAD, in the context of secondary prevention, that provide potential therapeutic targets, that is the case of CEC, and establishing strategies to prevent or reduce the high risk of cardiovascular events of these patients. Trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00924937. Unique Identifier: NCT00924937![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan F Alcalá-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio P Arenas-de Larriva
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia J Peña-Orihuela
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Botas
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry-Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry-Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Luo Y, Li Y, Peng H, Zhao Y. miR-140-5p regulates vascular smooth muscle cell viability, migration and apoptosis by targeting ROBO4 gene expression in atherosclerosis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:213. [PMID: 33495827 PMCID: PMC7845623 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are essential regulators of atherosclerosis (AS) development; however, the pathogenic roles of miR-140-5p during AS development are not completely understood. The present study investigated the effects of miR‑140-5p on human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and its target gene. miR-140-5p and roundabout guidance receptor 4 (ROBO4) mRNA expression levels were determined by performing reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. ROBO4 protein expression levels were analyzed via western blotting. Cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis were evaluated by conducting Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. The binding of miR-140-5p to ROBO4 mRNA was verified using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. miR-140-5p was highly expressed in the plaque-containing artery tissues of patients with AS compared with healthy control tissues. Oxidized-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) treatment increased miR-140-5p expression and decreased ROBO4 expression in human VSMCs, which promoted VSMC viability, migration and invasion, but suppressed apoptosis compared with the control group. The effects of ox-LDL treatment on VSMCs were attenuated by miR-140-5p inhibitor. miR-140-5p directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of ROBO4 mRNA. ROBO4 overexpression mitigated the effects of ox-LDL treatment on VSMC viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Therefore, the present study suggested that high level miR-140-5p expression promoted VSMC viability, migration, and invasion, and suppressed VSMC apoptosis by reducing ROBO4 gene expression. The present study provided novel insights into AS pathogenesis that may aid the development of new strategies for the treatment and prevention of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Yangmin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Jialing Branch of Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637919, P.R. China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Anorectal, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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An Increased Plasma Level of ApoCIII-Rich Electronegative High-Density Lipoprotein May Contribute to Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120542. [PMID: 33256187 PMCID: PMC7761422 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays a vital role in lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory activities; a dysfunctional HDL impairs cholesterol efflux pathways. To understand HDL's role in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), we analyzed the chemical properties and function. HDL from AD patients (AD-HDL) was separated into five subfractions, H1-H5, using fast-protein liquid chromatography equipped with an anion-exchange column. Subfraction H5, defined as the most electronegative HDL, was increased 5.5-fold in AD-HDL (23.48 ± 17.83%) in comparison with the control HDL (4.24 ± 3.22%). By liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MSE), AD-HDL showed that the level of apolipoprotein (apo)CIII was elevated but sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-associated apoM and anti-oxidative paraoxonase 1 (PON1) were reduced. AD-HDL showed a lower cholesterol efflux capacity that was associated with the post-translational oxidation of apoAI. Exposure of murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, to AD-HDL induced a vibrant expression of ganglioside GM1 in colocalization with apoCIII on lipid rafts alongside a concomitant increase of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) detectable in the cultured medium. In conclusion, AD-HDL had a higher proportion of H5, an apoCIII-rich electronegative HDL subfraction. The associated increase in pro-inflammatory (apoCIII, TNF-α) components might favor Amyloid β assembly and neural inflammation. A compromised cholesterol efflux capacity of AD-HDL may also contribute to cognitive impairment.
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Peterson SJ, Choudhary A, Kalsi AK, Zhao S, Alex R, Abraham NG. OX-HDL: A Starring Role in Cardiorenal Syndrome and the Effects of Heme Oxygenase-1 Intervention. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E976. [PMID: 33233550 PMCID: PMC7699797 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we will evaluate how high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway are critical for proper cardiovascular-renal physiology. We will begin by reviewing the basic concepts of HDL cholesterol synthesis and pathway regulation, followed by cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) pathophysiology. After explaining how the HDL and RCT pathways become dysfunctional through oxidative processes, we will elaborate on the potential role of HDL dysfunction in CRS. We will then present findings on how HDL function and the inducible antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) are interconnected and how induction of HO-1 is protective against HDL dysfunction and important for the proper functioning of the cardiovascular-renal system. This will substantiate the proposal of HO-1 as a novel therapeutic target to prevent HDL dysfunction and, consequently, cardiovascular disease, renal dysfunction, and the onset of CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Abu Choudhary
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Amardeep K. Kalsi
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA; (A.C.); (A.K.K.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ragin Alex
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Nader G. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Department of Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA
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14
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Georgila K, Gounis M, Havaki S, Gorgoulis VG, Eliopoulos AG. mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis and autophagy uncouple in the regulation of Apolipoprotein A-I expression. Metabolism 2020; 105:154186. [PMID: 32084429 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is involved in reverse cholesterol transport as a major component of HDL, but also conveys anti-thrombotic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory properties that are pertinent to its protective roles in cardiovascular, inflammatory and malignant pathologies. Despite the pleiotropy in ApoA-I functions, the regulation of intracellular ApoA-I levels remains poorly explored. METHODS HepG2 hepatoma cells and primary mouse hepatocytes were used as in vitro models to study the impact of genetic and chemical inhibitors of autophagy and the proteasome on ApoA-I by immunoblot, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Different growth conditions were implemented in conjunction with mTORC inhibitors to model the influence of nutrient scarcity versus sufficiency on ApoA-I regulation. Hepatic ApoA-I expression was also evaluated in high fat diet-fed mice displaying blockade in autophagy. RESULTS Under nutrient-rich conditions, basal ApoA-I levels in liver cells are sustained by the balancing act of autophagy and of mTORC1-dependent de novo protein synthesis. ApoA-I proteolysis occurs through a canonical autophagic pathway involving Beclin1 and ULK1 and the receptor protein p62/SQSTM1 that targets ApoA-I to autophagosomes. However, upon aminoacid insufficiency, suppression of ApoA-I synthesis prevails, rendering mTORC1 inactivation dispensable for autophagy-mediated ApoA-I proteolysis. CONCLUSION These data underscore the major contribution of post-transcriptional mechanisms to ApoA-I levels which differentially involve mTORC1-dependent signaling to protein synthesis and autophagy, depending on nutrient availability. Given the established role of ApoA-I in HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport, this mode of ApoA-I regulation may reflect a hepatocellular response to the organismal requirement for maintenance of cholesterol and lipid reserves under conditions of nutrient scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Georgila
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Gounis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece; Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Centre of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece.
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Estrada-Luna D, Ortiz-Rodriguez MA, Medina-Briseño L, Carreón-Torres E, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Sharma A, Cancino-Díaz JC, Pérez-Méndez O, Belefant-Miller H, Betanzos-Cabrera G. Current Therapies Focused on High-Density Lipoproteins Associated with Cardiovascular Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112730. [PMID: 30360466 PMCID: PMC6278283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) comprise a heterogeneous family of lipoprotein particles divided into subclasses that are determined by density, size and surface charge as well as protein composition. Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. HDLs promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and have several atheroprotective functions such as anti-inflammation, anti-thrombosis, and anti-oxidation. HDLs are considered to be atheroprotective because they are associated in serum with paraoxonases (PONs) which protect HDL from oxidation. Polyphenol consumption reduces the risk of chronic diseases in humans. Polyphenols increase the binding of HDL to PON1, increasing the catalytic activity of PON1. This review summarizes the evidence currently available regarding pharmacological and alternative treatments aimed at improving the functionality of HDL-C. Information on the effectiveness of the treatments has contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate plasma levels of HDL-C, thereby promoting the development of more effective treatment of cardiovascular diseases. For that purpose, Scopus and Medline databases were searched to identify the publications investigating the impact of current therapies focused on high-density lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Estrada-Luna
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" Juan Badiano No. 1, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - María Araceli Ortiz-Rodriguez
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, UAEM, Calle Río Iztaccihuatl S/N, Vista Hermosa, 62350 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Lizett Medina-Briseño
- Universidad de la Sierra Sur, UNSIS, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, 70800 Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" Juan Badiano No. 1, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jeannett Alejandra Izquierdo-Vega
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Actopan-Tilcuautla, Ex-Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, 42160 Hidalgo, Mexico.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Queretaro, Epigmenio Gonzalez 500, 76130 Queretaro, Mexico.
| | - Juan Carlos Cancino-Díaz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez" Juan Badiano No. 1, Belisario Domínguez Sección 16, 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Área Académica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Actopan-Tilcuautla, Ex-Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, 42160 Hidalgo, Mexico.
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C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 in atherosclerosis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic potential. Atherosclerosis 2018; 276:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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