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Rapid shear stress-dependent ENaC membrane insertion is mediated by the endothelial glycocalyx and the mineralocorticoid receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:235. [PMID: 35397686 PMCID: PMC8995297 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of the shear stress-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) to the mechanical properties of the endothelial cell surface under (patho)physiological conditions is unclear. This issue was addressed in in vivo and in vitro models for endothelial dysfunction. Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to laminar (LSS) or non-laminar shear stress (NLSS). ENaC membrane insertion was quantified using Quantum-dot-based immunofluorescence staining and the mechanical properties of the cell surface were probed with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in vitro and ex vivo in isolated aortae of C57BL/6 and ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. Flow- and acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation was measured in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging. Acute LSS led to a rapid mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent membrane insertion of ENaC and subsequent stiffening of the endothelial cortex caused by actin polymerization. Of note, NLSS stress further augmented the cortical stiffness of the cells. These effects strongly depend on the presence of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) and could be prevented by functional inhibition of ENaC and MR in vitro endothelial cells and ex vivo endothelial cells derived from C57BL/6, but not ApoE/LDLR-/- vessel. In vivo In C57BL/6 vessels, ENaC- and MR inhibition blunted flow- and acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, while in the dysfunctional ApoE/LDLR-/- vessels, this effect was absent. In conclusion, under physiological conditions, endothelial ENaC, together with the glycocalyx, was identified as an important shear stress sensor and mediator of endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In contrast, in pathophysiological conditions, ENaC-mediated mechanotransduction and endothelium-dependent vasodilation were lost, contributing to sustained endothelial stiffening and dysfunction.
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Tuttolomondo A, Cirrincione A, Casuccio A, Del Cuore A, Daidone M, Di Chiara T, Di Raimondo D, Corte VD, Maida C, Simonetta I, Scaglione S, Pinto A. Efficacy of dulaglutide on vascular health indexes in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:1. [PMID: 33397395 PMCID: PMC7784355 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent cardiovascular outcome trials have shown significant reductions in major cardiovascular (CV) events with glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonists. Additionally, adjunctive surrogates for cardiovascular risk validated by some studies include arterial stiffness and endothelial function indexes. To date, no randomized trial has addressed the possible effects of antidiabetic interventional drugs such as GLP1 agonists on endothelial and arterial stiffness indexes as surrogate markers of vascular damage. Aims We aimed to evaluate metabolic efficacy and surrogate vascular efficacy endpoints of once-weekly dulaglutide (1.5 mg) plus traditional antidiabetic treatment compared with traditional antidiabetic treatment alone in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods Men and women (aged ≥ 50 years) with established or newly detected type 2 diabetes whose HbA1c level was 9.5% or less on stable doses of up to two oral glucose lowering drugs with or without basal insulin therapy were eligible for randomization. Subcutaneous dulaglutide was initiated at the full dose (1.5 mg/day weekly). Arterial stiffness (PWV: pulse wave velocity and augmentation index) and endothelial function (RHI: reactive hyperaemia index) were evaluated at baseline and at three-month and nine-month examination visits. At each visit (at 3 and 9 months), the subjects were also evaluated for glycaemic variables such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c and lipid variables such as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Results At the three-month follow-up, the subjects treated with dulaglutide showed significantly lower serum levels of FPG and HbA1c than control subjects treated with conventional therapy. At the 9-month follow-up, subjects treated with dulaglutide showed significant lower values of the mean diastolic blood pressure, BMI, total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, FPG, HbA1c and PWV and higher mean RHI values than control subjects treated with conventional therapy. Conclusions Our randomized trial showed that subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with conventional therapy plus 1.5 mg/day of subcutaneous dulaglutide compared with subjects treated with conventional therapy alone showed favourable metabolic effects associated with positive effects on vascular health markers such as arterial stiffness and endothelial function markers. These findings are consistent with previous study findings indicating the strict relationship between cardiovascular risk factors such as systolic blood pressure, total serum cholesterol and LDL levels and cardiovascular events and vascular health surrogate markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy. .,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy.
| | - Anna Cirrincione
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Cuore
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Daidone
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Di Chiara
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoriano Della Corte
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy.,PhD Programme in Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maida
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy.,PhD Programme in Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Simonetta
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Scaglione
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (ProMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo (Italy), Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy
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Koch J, Idzerda NMA, Ettema EM, Kuipers J, Dam W, van den Born J, Franssen CFM. An acute rise of plasma Na+ concentration associates with syndecan-1 shedding during hemodialysis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F171-F177. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to the high incidence of cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Syndecan-1 in the endothelial glycocalyx can be shed into the circulation, serving as a biomarker for ED. As Na+ is a trigger for glycocalyx shedding, we now tested whether hemodialysis, with higher dialysate Na+ concentrations, is associated with more syndecan-1 shedding compared with standard hemodialysis (SHD). In this crossover study in 29 patients, plasma syndecan-1 was repeatedly measured during SHD and during Hemocontrol hemodialysis (HHD), which is characterized by initially higher dialysate and plasma Na+ levels. Courses of syndecan-1 were compared with linear mixed models. Syndecan-1 shedding was assessed by area under the curve analysis. Plasma Na+ increased early after the start of SHD and HHD, with higher values during HHD (30 min: 142.3 vs. 139.9 mM, P < 0.001). Syndecan-1 increased significantly during both conditions, but the percent change was higher (42.9% vs. 19.5%) and occurred earlier (120 vs. 180 min) during HHD. Syndecan-1 levels were significantly higher at 120 min during HHD compared with SHD ( P < 0.05). Overall, syndecan-1 shedding was higher during HHD compared with SHD (means: 40.4 vs. 19.0 arbitrary units, P = 0.06). Lower predialysis plasma Na+ and osmolality were associated with greater intradialytic increases in syndecan-1 levels (both groups, P = 0.001). The rise in plasma syndecan-1 levels was more pronounced and occurred earlier during hemodialysis with higher plasma Na+ levels. Although we cannot prove that the rise in plasma syndecan-1 originates from the endothelial glycocalyx, our findings are compatible with Na+-driven endothelial glycocalyx-derived syndecan-1 shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Koch
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke M. A. Idzerda
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esmée M. Ettema
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Kuipers
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Dam
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper F. M. Franssen
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Cosgun ZC, Fels B, Kusche-Vihrog K. Nanomechanics of the Endothelial Glycocalyx. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:732-741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bovée DM, Visser WJ, Middel I, De Mik-van Egmond A, Greupink R, Masereeuw R, Russel FGM, Danser AHJ, Zietse R, Hoorn EJ. A Randomized Trial of Distal Diuretics versus Dietary Sodium Restriction for Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:650-662. [PMID: 31996411 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019090905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal diuretics are considered less effective than loop diuretics in CKD. However, data to support this perception are limited. METHODS To investigate whether distal diuretics are noninferior to dietary sodium restriction in reducing BP in patients with CKD stage G3 or G4 and hypertension, we conducted a 6-week, randomized, open-label crossover trial comparing amiloride/hydrochlorothiazide (5 mg/50 mg daily) with dietary sodium restriction (60 mmol per day). Antihypertension medication was discontinued for a 2-week period before randomization. We analyzed effects on BP, kidney function, and fluid balance and related this to renal clearance of diuretics. RESULTS A total of 26 patients (with a mean eGFR of 39 ml/min per 1.73 m2) completed both treatments. Dietary sodium restriction reduced sodium excretion from 160 to 64 mmol per day. Diuretics produced a greater reduction in 24-hour systolic BP (SBP; from 138 to 124 mm Hg) compared with sodium restriction (from 134 to 129 mm Hg), as well as a significantly greater effect on extracellular water, eGFR, plasma renin, and aldosterone. Both interventions resulted in a similar decrease in body weight and NT-proBNP. Neither approaches decreased albuminuria significantly, whereas diuretics did significantly reduce urinary angiotensinogen and β2-microglobulin excretion. Although lower eGFR and higher plasma indoxyl sulfate correlated with lower diuretic clearance, the diuretic effects on body weight and BP at lower eGFR were maintained. During diuretic treatment, higher PGE2 excretion correlated with lower free water clearance, and four patients developed mild hyponatremia. CONCLUSIONS Distal diuretics are noninferior to dietary sodium restriction in reducing BP and extracellular volume in CKD. Diuretic sensitivity in CKD is maintained despite lower diuretic clearance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER DD-study: Diet or Diuretics for Salt-sensitivity in Chronic Kidney Disease (DD), NCT02875886.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Middel
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Rick Greupink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Braschi A. Potential Protective Role of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on the Balance between Hemostasis and Fibrinolysis in Hypertensive Patients at Rest and During Exercise. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2019; 19:133-171. [PMID: 30714087 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-018-00316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In patients with hypertension, the triad represented by endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, and altered fibrinolytic function disturbs the equilibrium between hemostasis and fibrinolysis and translates into a hypercoagulable state, which underlies the risk of thrombotic complications. This article reviews the scientific evidence regarding some biological effects of antihypertensive drugs, which can protect patients from the adverse consequences of hypertensive disease, improving endothelial function, enhancing antioxidant activity, and restoring equilibrium between hemostatic and fibrinolytic factors. These protective effects appear not to be mediated through blood pressure reduction and are not shared by all molecules of the same pharmacological class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Braschi
- Ambulatory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Via col. Romey n.10, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
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Fels J, Kusche-Vihrog K. Endothelial Nanomechanics in the Context of Endothelial (Dys)function and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:945-959. [PMID: 29433330 PMCID: PMC6354603 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Stiffness of endothelial cells is closely linked to the function of the vasculature as it regulates the release of vasoactive substances such as nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. The outer layer of endothelial cells, consisting of the glycocalyx above and the cortical zone beneath the plasma membrane, is a vulnerable compartment able to adapt its nanomechanical properties to any changes of forces exerted by the adjacent blood stream. Sustained stiffening of this layer contributes to the development of endothelial dysfunction and vascular pathologies. Recent Advances: The development of specific techniques to quantify the mechanical properties of cells enables the detailed investigation of the mechanistic link between structure and function of cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Challenging the mechanical stiffness of cells, for instance, by inflammatory mediators can lead to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Prevention of sustained stiffening of the outer layer of endothelial cells in turn improves endothelial function. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The mechanical properties of cells can be used as critical marker and test system for the proper function of the vascular system. Pharmacological substances, which are able to improve endothelial nanomechanics and function, could take a new importance in the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. Thus, detailed knowledge acquisition about the structure/function relationship of endothelial cells and the underlying signaling pathways should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fels
- 1 Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Maase M, Rygula A, Pacia MZ, Proniewski B, Mateuszuk L, Sternak M, Kaczor A, Chlopicki S, Kusche-Vihrog K. Combined Raman- and AFM-based detection of biochemical and nanomechanical features of endothelial dysfunction in aorta isolated from ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 16:97-105. [PMID: 30550804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as a critical condition in the development of cardiovascular disorders. This multifactorial process involves changes in the biochemical and mechanical properties of endothelial cells leading to disturbed release of vasoprotective mediators. Hypercholesterolemia and increased stiffness of the endothelial cortex are independently shown to result in reduced release of nitric oxide and thus endothelial dysfunction. However, direct evidence linking these parameters to each other is missing. Here, a novel method combining Raman spectroscopy for biochemical analysis and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for analyzing the endothelial nanomechanics was established. Using this dual approach, the same areas of native ex vivo aortas were investigated, either derived from mice with endothelial dysfunction (ApoE/LDLR-/-) or wild type mice. In particular an increased intracellular lipid content and elevated cortical stiffness/elasticity were shown in ApoE/LDLR-/- aortas, demonstrating a direct link between endothelial dysfunction, the biochemical composition and the nanomechanical properties of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Maase
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Rygula
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Z Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Mateuszuk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Physiology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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Tuttolomondo A, Petta S, Casuccio A, Maida C, Corte VD, Daidone M, Di Raimondo D, Pecoraro R, Fonte R, Cirrincione A, Zafonte R, Cabibi D, Cammà C, Di Marco V, Licata A, Magliozzo F, Marchesini G, Merlino G, Craxì A, Pinto A. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and cognitive performance indexes are associated with histologic markers of liver disease in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a case control study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:28. [PMID: 29452601 PMCID: PMC5815178 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0670-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No study evaluated vascular health markers in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through a combined analysis of reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) and arterial stiffness indexes. Aim of the study We aimed to assess whether NAFLD and its histological severity are associated with impairment of arterial stiffness and RH-PAT indexes in a mixed cohort of patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Materials and methods The Kleiner classification was used to grade NAFLD grade. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix) were used as markers of arterial stiffness, whereas endothelial function was assessed using reactive hyperemia index (RHI). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was administered to test cognitive performance. Results 80 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 83 controls without fatty liver disease. NAFLD subjects showed significantly lower mean RHI, higher mean arterial stiffness indexes and lower mean MMSE score. Multivariable analysis after correction for BMI, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, sex, diabetes, age and cardiovascular disease showed that BMI, diastolic blood pressure and RHI are significantly associated to NAFLD. Simple linear regression analysis showed among non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) subjects a significant negative relationship between ballooning grade and MMSE and a significant positive association between Kleiner steatosis grade and augmentation index. Conclusions Future research will be addressed to evaluate the relationship between inflammatory markers and arterial stiffness and endothelial function indexes in NAFLD subjects. These study will evaluate association between cardiovascular event incidence and arterial stiffness, endothelial and cognitive markers, and they will address the beneficial effects of cardiovascular drugs such as statins and ACE inhibitors on these surrogate markers in NAFLD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, 90127, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maida
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Vittoriano Della Corte
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Mario Daidone
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pecoraro
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Roberto Fonte
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | - Anna Cirrincione
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, 90127, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Cabibi
- Cattedra di Anatomia Patologica, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogero Cammà
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vito Di Marco
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Licata
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Marchesini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, "Alma Mater Studiorum", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Craxì
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia e Epatologia, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, P.zza delle Cliniche n.2, Palermo, 90127, Italy
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Prystopiuk V, Fels B, Simon CS, Liashkovich I, Pasrednik D, Kronlage C, Wedlich-Söldner R, Oberleithner H, Fels J. A two-phase response of endothelial cells to hydrostatic pressure. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.206920. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is exposed to three types of mechanical forces: blood flow-mediated shear stress, vessel-diameter dependent wall tension and hydrostatic pressure. Despite considerable variations of blood pressure in normal and pathological physiology, little is known about the acute molecular and cellular effects of hydrostatic pressure on endothelial cells. Here, we used a combination of quantitative fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy and molecular perturbations to characterize the specific response of endothelial cells to pressure application. We identified a two-phase response of endothelial cells to acute (1 h) vs. chronic (24 h) pressure application (100 mmHg). While both regimes induce cortical stiffening, the acute response is linked to calcium-mediated myosin activation, whereas the chronic cell response is dominated by increased cortical actin density and a loss in endothelial barrier function. GsMTx-4 and amiloride inhibit the acute pressure response, which suggest the sodium channel ENaC as key player in endothelial pressure sensing. The described two-phase pressure response may participate in the differential effects of transient changes in blood pressure and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Prystopiuk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- current address: Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Caroline Sophie Simon
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dzmitry Pasrednik
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Kronlage
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Wedlich-Söldner
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Oberleithner
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Fels
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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AFM-based detection of glycocalyx degradation and endothelial stiffening in the db/db mouse model of diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15951. [PMID: 29162916 PMCID: PMC5698475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the glycocalyx and stiffening of endothelium are important pathophysiological components of endothelial dysfunction. However, to our knowledge, these events have not been investigated in tandem in experimental diabetes. Here, the mechanical properties of the glycocalyx and endothelium in ex vivo mouse aorta were determined simultaneously in indentation experiments with an atomic force microscope (AFM) for diabetic db/db and control db/+ mice at ages of 11–19 weeks. To analyze highly heterogeneous aorta samples, we developed a tailored classification procedure of indentation data based on a bi-layer brush model supplemented with Hertz model for quantification of nanomechanics of endothelial regions with and without the glycocalyx surface. In db/db mice, marked endothelial stiffening and reduced glycocalyx coverage were present already in 11-week-old mice and persisted in older animals. In contrast, reduction of the effective glycocalyx length was progressive and was most pronounced in 19-week-old db/db mice. The reduction of the glycocalyx length correlated with an increasing level of glycated haemoglobin and decreased endothelial NO production. In conclusion, AFM nanoindentation analysis revealed that stiffening of endothelial cells and diminished glycocalyx coverage occurred in early diabetes and were followed by the reduction of the glycocalyx length that correlated with diabetes progression.
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12
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Martinez-Lemus LA, Aroor AR, Ramirez-Perez FI, Jia G, Habibi J, DeMarco VG, Barron B, Whaley-Connell A, Nistala R, Sowers JR. Amiloride Improves Endothelial Function and Reduces Vascular Stiffness in Female Mice Fed a Western Diet. Front Physiol 2017; 8:456. [PMID: 28713285 PMCID: PMC5492307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obese premenopausal women lose their sex related cardiovascular disease protection and develop greater arterial stiffening than age matched men. In female mice, we have shown that consumption of a Western diet (WD), high in fat and refined sugars, is associated with endothelial dysfunction and vascular stiffening, which occur via activation of mineralocorticoid receptors and associated increases in epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) activity on endothelial cells (EnNaC). Herein our aim was to determine the effect that reducing EnNaC activity with a very-low-dose of amiloride would have on decreasing endothelial and arterial stiffness in young female mice consuming a WD. To this end, we fed female mice either a WD or control diet and treated them with or without a very-low-dose of the ENaC-inhibitor amiloride (1 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 20 weeks beginning at 4 weeks of age. Mice consuming a WD were heavier and had greater percent body fat, proteinuria, and aortic stiffness as assessed by pulse-wave velocity than those fed control diet. Treatment with amiloride did not affect body weight, body composition, blood pressure, urinary sodium excretion, or insulin sensitivity, but significantly reduced the development of endothelial and aortic stiffness, aortic fibrosis, aortic oxidative stress, and mesenteric resistance artery EnNaC abundance and proteinuria in WD-fed mice. Amiloride also improved endothelial-dependent vasodilatory responses in the resistance arteries of WD-fed mice. These results indicate that a very-low-dose of amiloride, not affecting blood pressure, is sufficient to improve endothelial function and reduce aortic stiffness in female mice fed a WD, and suggest that EnNaC-inhibition may be sufficient to ameliorate the pathological vascular stiffening effects of WD-induced obesity in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' HospitalColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' HospitalColumbia, MO, United States.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Francisco I Ramirez-Perez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.,Department of Biological Engineering, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Guanghong Jia
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' HospitalColumbia, MO, United States.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Javad Habibi
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Vincent G DeMarco
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' HospitalColumbia, MO, United States.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Brady Barron
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' HospitalColumbia, MO, United States.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Adam Whaley-Connell
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' HospitalColumbia, MO, United States.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' HospitalColumbia, MO, United States.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
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13
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Tuttolomondo A, Casuccio A, Della Corte V, Maida C, Pecoraro R, Di Raimondo D, Vassallo V, Simonetta I, Arnao V, Pinto A. Endothelial function and arterial stiffness indexes in subjects with acute ischemic stroke: Relationship with TOAST subtype. Atherosclerosis 2016; 256:94-99. [PMID: 27817840 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Only one study has examined endothelial function in subjects with acute ischemic stroke and no study has yet assessed arterial stiffness and reactive hyperemia peripheral arterial tonometry (RH-PAT) in ischemic stroke and its clinical subtypes. Our study aimed to evaluate arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction indexes in patients with acute ischemic stroke and the relationship between endothelial dysfunction indexes and arterial stiffness markers and stroke subtypes according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) Classification. METHODS We enrolled 98 patients with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke and 105 hospitalized patients without a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. Arterial stiffness analysis was conducted by applanation tonometry to record radial artery pressure waveform continuously; augmentation index (Aix) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were calculated. The reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was assessed by peripheral arterial tonometry. RESULTS In comparison to controls, ischemic stroke subjects had higher mean levels of PWV, Aix, and significantly lower mean RHI values. Compared to subjects with lacunar and cardioembolic stroke, those with Large Artery AtheroSclerosis (LAAS) subtype of stroke had higher median levels of PWV and significantly lower median levels of RHI. On multinomial logistic regression analysis of predictive variables of stroke subtype (lacunar vs. LAAS and lacunar vs. cardioembolic), we observed a negative association between RHI value and LAAS subtype and a negative association of PWV with cardioembolic subtype. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underline the relationship between endothelial and arterial stiffness index correlations in patients with acute ischemic stroke, also suggesting the use of a combination of PAT and arterial stiffness indexes to better categorize patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Tuttolomondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi. M.I.S), University of Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Casuccio
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother Child, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Vittoriano Della Corte
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi. M.I.S), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Maida
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi. M.I.S), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pecoraro
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi. M.I.S), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Raimondo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi. M.I.S), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Valerio Vassallo
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi. M.I.S), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene Simonetta
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi. M.I.S), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Arnao
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- U.O.C di Medicina Interna con Stroke Care, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi. M.I.S), University of Palermo, Italy
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