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Bruno RM, Varbiro S, Pucci G, Nemcsik J, Lønnebakken MT, Kublickiene K, Schluchter H, Park C, Mozos I, Guala A, Hametner B, Seeland U, Boutouyrie P. Vascular function in hypertension: does gender dimension matter? J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:634-643. [PMID: 37061653 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure and vascular ageing trajectories differ between men and women. These differences develop due to sex-related factors, attributable to sex chromosomes or sex hormones, and due to gender-related factors, mainly related to different sociocultural behaviors. The present review summarizes the relevant facts regarding gender-related differences in vascular function in hypertension. Among sex-related factors, endogenous 17ß-estradiol plays a key role in protecting pre-menopausal women from vascular ageing. However, as vascular ageing (preceding and inducing hypertension) has a steeper increase in women than in men starting already from the third decade, it is likely that gender-related factors play a prominent role, especially in the young. Among gender-related factors, psychological stress (including that one related to gender-based violence and discrimination), depression, some psychological traits, but also low socioeconomic status, are more common in women than men, and their impact on vascular ageing is likely to be greater in women. Men, on the contrary, are more exposed to the vascular adverse consequences of alcohol consumption, as well as of social deprivation, while "toxic masculinity" traits may result in lower adherence to lifestyle and preventive strategies. Unhealthy diet habits are more prevalent in men and smoking is equally prevalent in the two sexes, but have a disproportional negative effect on women's vascular health. In conclusion, given the major and complex role of gender-related factors in driving vascular alterations and blood pressure patterns, gender dimension should be systematically integrated into future research on vascular function and hypertension and to tailor cardiovascular prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-Maria Bruno
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
| | - Szabolcs Varbiro
- Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Santa Maria" Terni Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery-University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Service of Zuglo (ZESZ), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mai Tone Lønnebakken
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Institution for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Schluchter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chloe Park
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrea Guala
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Hametner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ute Seeland
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France
- Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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2
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Chen Y, Jing H, Xiong S, Manyande A, Du H. Comparative Study on Hydrolysis, Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties in Simulated Digestion System between Cooked Pork and Fish Meat. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091757. [PMID: 37174296 PMCID: PMC10178021 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pork and grass carp are commonly consumed animal protein sources, classified as red meat and white meat, respectively. This study aimed to better understand the differences in digestive behavior, nutrition, and functionality during digestion between these two types of meat after fat removal. The results showed that grass carp was more easily digested than pork, with a higher degree of hydrolysis, a smaller protein particle size, and a greater release of oligopeptides and amino acids (p < 0.05). During gastric digestion, all α-helix structures were destroyed, and the effect of the whole digestion process on the secondary and tertiary structure of pork protein was greater than that of grass carp. The antioxidant properties of the digestive fluids from the two types of meat showed different strengths in various assays, but the correlation analysis revealed that TCA-soluble peptides, random coil content, and particle size significantly influenced both types of meat. These findings provide new insights into the structural state and antioxidant properties of protein in meat digestion, which contribute to our understanding of the nutritional value of pork and grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanzhi Jing
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanbai Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, Middlesex TW8 9GA, UK
| | - Hongying Du
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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3
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Angeles-Agdeppa I, Toledo MB, Dariagan JMS, Zamora JAT. Development of Phil-HEI and its evaluation of the Filipino diet: 2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey. NFS JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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4
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Rabkin B, Tirosh O, Kanner J. Reactivity of Vitamin E as an Antioxidant in Red Meat and the Stomach Medium. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12172-12179. [PMID: 36121850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The stomach is a bioreactor and an important intersection of biochemical reactions that affect human health. Lipid peroxidation of meat in the stomach medium generates malondialdehyde (MDA), which is absorbed from the gut into human plasma and modifies low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to MDA-LDL. We found in the stomach medium (pH 3.0) a high antioxidant activity of vitamin E against meat lipid peroxidation, almost 35-fold higher than at pH 6.3. In the stomach medium, the antioxidant activity of vitamin E on meat lipid peroxidation was 20-fold higher than that of catechin. Vitamin E, at pH 3.0, acts synergistically with metmyoglobin (MbFe+3), as a peroxidase/antioxidant couple. The synergistic effect of MbFe+3/vitamin E was almost 150-fold higher than the antioxidant effect achieved by MbFe+3/catechin. The meat antioxidant activity was maintained continuously by addition of a low concentration of vitamin E, catechin, and vitamin C, preventing the propagation of lipid oxidation, reactive aldehyde generation, and the loss of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rabkin
- Department of Food Science, ARO Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Joseph Kanner
- Department of Food Science, ARO Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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5
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Raisi-Estabragh Z, McCracken C, Gkontra P, Jaggi A, Ardissino M, Cooper J, Biasiolli L, Aung N, Piechnik SK, Neubauer S, Munroe PB, Lekadir K, Harvey NC, Petersen SE. Associations of Meat and Fish Consumption With Conventional and Radiomics Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Phenotypes in the UK Biobank. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:667849. [PMID: 34026874 PMCID: PMC8133433 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.667849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Greater red and processed meat consumption has been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, the impact of these exposures on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) phenotypes has not been adequately studied. Objective: We describe novel associations of meat intake with cardiovascular phenotypes and investigate underlying mechanisms through consideration of a range of covariates. Design: We studied 19,408 UK Biobank participants with CMR data available. Average daily red and processed meat consumption was determined through food frequency questionnaires and expressed as a continuous variable. Oily fish was studied as a comparator, previously associated with favourable cardiac outcomes. We considered associations with conventional CMR indices (ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, stroke volume, left ventricular mass), novel CMR radiomics features (shape, first-order, texture), and arterial compliance measures (arterial stiffness index, aortic distensibility). We used multivariable linear regression to investigate relationships between meat intake and cardiovascular phenotypes, adjusting for confounders (age, sex, deprivation, educational level, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise) and potential covariates on the causal pathway (hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes, body mass index). Results: Greater red and processed meat consumption was associated with an unhealthy pattern of biventricular remodelling, worse cardiac function, and poorer arterial compliance. In contrast, greater oily fish consumption was associated with a healthier cardiovascular phenotype and better arterial compliance. There was partial attenuation of associations between red meat and conventional CMR indices with addition of covariates potentially on the causal pathway, indicating a possible mechanistic role for these cardiometabolic morbidities. However, other associations were not altered with inclusion of these covariates, suggesting importance of alternative biological mechanisms underlying these relationships. Radiomics analysis provided deeper phenotyping, demonstrating association of the different dietary habits with distinct ventricular geometry and left ventricular myocardial texture patterns. Conclusions: Greater red and processed meat consumption is associated with impaired cardiovascular health, both in terms of markers of arterial disease and of cardiac structure and function. Cardiometabolic morbidities appeared to have a mechanistic role in the associations of red meat with ventricular phenotypes, but less so for other associations suggesting importance of alternative mechanism for these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Raisi-Estabragh
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celeste McCracken
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Polyxeni Gkontra
- Departament de Matemàtiques and Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Akshay Jaggi
- Departament de Matemàtiques and Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maddalena Ardissino
- Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jackie Cooper
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Biasiolli
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nay Aung
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan K Piechnik
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karim Lekadir
- Departament de Matemàtiques and Informàtica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicholas C Harvey
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Steffen E Petersen
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom.,Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health National Health Service (NHS) Trust, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Intake of food rich in saturated fat in relation to subclinical atherosclerosis and potential modulating effects from single genetic variants. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7866. [PMID: 33846368 PMCID: PMC8042105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86324-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between intake of saturated fats and subclinical atherosclerosis, as well as the possible influence of genetic variants, is poorly understood and investigated. We aimed to investigate this relationship, with a hypothesis that it would be positive, and to explore whether genetics may modulate it, using data from a European cohort including 3,407 participants aged 54–79 at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), measured at baseline and after 30 months. Logistic regression (OR; 95% CI) was employed to assess the association between high intake of food rich in saturated fat (vs. low) and: (1) the mean and the maximum values of C-IMT in the whole carotid artery (C-IMTmean, C-IMTmax), in the bifurcation (Bif-), the common (CC-) and internal (ICA-) carotid arteries at baseline (binary, cut-point ≥ 75th), and (2) C-IMT progression (binary, cut-point > zero). For the genetic-diet interaction analyses, we considered 100,350 genetic variants. We defined interaction as departure from additivity of effects. After age- and sex-adjustment, high intake of saturated fat was associated with increased C-IMTmean (OR:1.27;1.06–1.47), CC-IMTmean (OR:1.22;1.04–1.44) and ICA-IMTmean (OR:1.26;1.07–1.48). However, in multivariate analysis results were no longer significant. No clear associations were observed between high intake of saturated fat and risk of atherosclerotic progression. There was no evidence of interactions between high intake of saturated fat and any of the genetic variants considered, after multiple testing corrections. High intake of saturated fats was not independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Moreover, we did not identify any significant genetic-dietary fat interactions in relation to risk of subclinical atherosclerosis.
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7
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Kauffman SAE, Averill MM, Delaney JAC, Lemaitre RN, Howard BV, Fretts AM. Associations of diet quality and blood serum lipoprotein levels in a population at high risk for diabetes: the Strong Heart Family Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1084-1090. [PMID: 31804627 PMCID: PMC7272258 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Previous studies consistently report that diet quality is inversely associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. However, few studies have assessed the association of diet quality with serum lipoproteins, an intermediate marker of cardio-metabolic health, or assessed whether type 2 diabetes modifies these associations. This study assessed associations of diet quality (evaluated using the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)), and the interaction of diet quality with diabetes, on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A (apoA1), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) among American Indians (AIs). SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants comprised AIs who participated in the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS)-a study of CVD and its risk factors in 12 AI communities. Generalized estimated equations (GEEs) were used to examine the following associations: (1) the cross-sectional associations of diet quality (as determined by AHEI) with serum lipoproteins (n = 2200); and (2) the prospective associations of the AHEI measured at baseline with serum lipoproteins (n = 1899). RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, associations of AHEI with TC (p < 0.0001) LDL-C (p = 0.005), and ApoB (p = 0.002) differed according to diabetes status. In prospective analysis, AHEI was associated with more favorable levels of TC (p = 0.029) and LDL-C (p = 0.008) among participants with diabetes independent of other demographic, behavioral, and health factors; associations of diet quality with TC, LDL-C, and ApoB were much weaker among participants without diabetes. There was no association of diet quality with TG, HDL-C, or ApoA. CONCLUSIONS The associations of diet quality with TC, LDL-C, and ApoB differ according to diabetes status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A E Kauffman
- From the Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michelle M Averill
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph A C Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
- Georgetown and Howard Universities Center for Translational Science, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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8
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Wang Z, Bergeron N, Levison BS, Li XS, Chiu S, Jia X, Koeth RA, Li L, Wu Y, Tang WHW, Krauss RM, Hazen SL. Impact of chronic dietary red meat, white meat, or non-meat protein on trimethylamine N-oxide metabolism and renal excretion in healthy men and women. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:583-594. [PMID: 30535398 PMCID: PMC6374688 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Carnitine and choline are major nutrient precursors for gut microbiota-dependent generation of the atherogenic metabolite, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). We performed randomized-controlled dietary intervention studies to explore the impact of chronic dietary patterns on TMAO levels, metabolism and renal excretion. METHODS AND RESULTS Volunteers (N = 113) were enrolled in a randomized 2-arm (high- or low-saturated fat) crossover design study. Within each arm, three 4-week isocaloric diets (with washout period between each) were evaluated (all meals prepared in metabolic kitchen with 25% calories from protein) to examine the effects of red meat, white meat, or non-meat protein on TMAO metabolism. Trimethylamine N-oxide and other trimethylamine (TMA) related metabolites were quantified at the end of each diet period. A random subset (N = 13) of subjects also participated in heavy isotope tracer studies. Chronic red meat, but not white meat or non-meat ingestion, increased plasma and urine TMAO (each >two-fold; P < 0.0001). Red meat ingestion also significantly reduced fractional renal excretion of TMAO (P < 0.05), but conversely, increased fractional renal excretion of carnitine, and two alternative gut microbiota-generated metabolites of carnitine, γ-butyrobetaine, and crotonobetaine (P < 0.05). Oral isotope challenge revealed red meat or white meat (vs. non-meat) increased TMA and TMAO production from carnitine (P < 0.05 each) but not choline. Dietary-saturated fat failed to impact TMAO or its metabolites. CONCLUSION Chronic dietary red meat increases systemic TMAO levels through: (i) enhanced dietary precursors; (ii) increased microbial TMA/TMAO production from carnitine, but not choline; and (iii) reduced renal TMAO excretion. Discontinuation of dietary red meat reduces plasma TMAO within 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nathalie Bergeron
- Department of Atherosclerosis Research, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, Club Drive, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA, USA
| | - Bruce S Levison
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xinmin S Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sally Chiu
- Department of Atherosclerosis Research, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Xun Jia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert A Koeth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yuping Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Cleveland State University, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Atherosclerosis Research, Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
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9
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The Strong Heart Study: adding biological plausibility to the red meat-cardiovascular disease association. J Hypertens 2018; 35:1782-1784. [PMID: 28767487 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Leroy F. Meat as a Pharmakon: An Exploration of the Biosocial Complexities of Meat Consumption. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 87:409-446. [PMID: 30678819 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In contemporary dietary advice, meat is depicted as a pharmakon: it is believed to either heal or poison the human body (and mind). Often, it also serves as a scapegoat for a wide range of public health issues and other societal problems. Related attitudes, practices, and beliefs pertain to a demarcated mode of thinking or episteme that is characteristic for the so-called post-domestic or industrialized societies. The latter are not only typified by an abundant yet largely concealed production of meat, but increasingly also by moral crisis and confusion about its nutritional meaning. For an improved appreciation of the ambiguous position of meat in human health and disease, as well as the concomitant scattering into different subject positions (e.g., the omnivore, flexitarian, vegetarian, vegan, permaculturalist, and carnivore position), an interdisciplinary approach is required. To this end, the current study tentatively combines food research with a selection of (post-structuralist) concepts from the humanities. The aim is to outline a historical and biosocial need for meat (as well as its rejection) and to analyze how its transformative effects have contributed to a polarized discourse on diet and well-being in academia and society at large. Excessive categorization (for instance with respect to meat's alleged naturalness, normalness, necessity, and niceness) and Manichean thinking in binary opposites are among the key factors that lead to impassioned yet often sterile debates between the advocates and adversaries of meat eating in a post-truth context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Leroy
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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