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Sun CJ, Li L, Li X, Zhang WY, Liu XW. Novel SNPs of WNK1 and AKR1C3 are associated with preeclampsia. Gene 2018; 668:27-32. [PMID: 29777907 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and is one of the most common causes of poor perinatal outcomes. Preeclampsia increases the risk of hypertension in the future. Variants of WNK1 (lysine deficient protein kinase 1), ADRB2 (β2 adrenergic receptor), NEDD4L (ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-like), KLK1 (kallikrein 1) contribute to hypertension, and AKR1C3 (aldo-keto reductase family1 member C3), is associated with preeclampsia. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these five candidate preeclampsia susceptibility genes and the related traits in Chinese individuals were investigated. In this study, 13 SNPs of the five genes were genotyped in 276 preeclampsia patients and 229 age- and area-matched normal pregnancies in women of Chinese Northern Han origin. The 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds ratio (OR) were estimated by binary logistic regression. No obvious linkage disequilibrium or haplotypes were observed among these SNPs. Those with GG genotype and allele G of AKR1C3 (rs10508293) had a decreased risk of preeclampsia (adjusted OR = 3.011, 95% CI = 1.758-5.159, and adjusted OR = 1.745, 95% CI = 1.349-2.257, respectively). The AA genotype and allele A of WNK1 (rs1468326) were significantly associated with an increased risk in preeclampsia (adjusted OR = 2.307, 95% CI = 1.206-3.443, and adjusted OR = 1.663, 95% CI = 1.283-2.157, respectively). The findings indicate that the GG genotype of AKR1C3 rs10508293 is associated with decreased risk for preeclampsia and the AA genotype of WNK1 rs1468326 are related with an increased risk for preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Juan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Wei-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100026, China.
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Kumar R, Kohli S, Mishra A, Garg R, Alam P, Stobdan T, Nejatizadeh A, Gupta M, Tyagi S, Pasha MAQ. Interactions between the genes of vasodilatation pathways influence blood pressure and nitric oxide level in hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2015; 28:239-47. [PMID: 25159081 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpu130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the contribution of genetic interactions between the β-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) genes to the complex etiology of hypertension. METHODS Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, we studied potential interactions between ADRB2 and NOS3 variants and their correlation with clinical, biochemical, and expression levels in 546 individuals with hypertension and 884 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched unrelated control subjects. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis identified the models for genotype interaction. RESULTS The best models to represent association of genotypes with augmented hypertension susceptibility were the 4- and 5-locus interacting GMDR models of ADRB2 and NOS3 compared with within-gene 6-locus ADRB2 and 2-locus NOS3 (odds ratio (OR) = 4.8, P = 0.04; OR = 5.6, P = 0.02, respectively). Stratification of 4- and 5-locus GMDR models on the basis of risk alleles (in increasing order) increased the ORs from 1.26 to 14.17 and from 0.81 to 14.18, respectively, and correlated linearly with increased systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure and decreased nitric oxide level (P ≤ 0.0004). We performed various analyses, such as single-locus, genetic interactions, sliding-window, and comparative analysis. Each analysis consistently revealed the 46A allele of ADRB2 46G/A SNP and 4a allele of NOS3 4b/4a SNP to be associated with risk of hypertension. These risk-conferring markers were associated with decreased ADRB2 and NOS3 expression and decreased nitric oxide level in the patients (P ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Evidence of interaction between the genetic loci of ADRB2 and NOS3 points to varied clinical, biochemical, and expression levels and a role in hypertension susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Present address: Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado (R.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (T.S.); Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran (A.N.)
| | - Samantha Kohli
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Aastha Mishra
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Garg
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Perwez Alam
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Tsering Stobdan
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Present address: Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado (R.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (T.S.); Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran (A.N.)
| | - Azim Nejatizadeh
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Present address: Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado (R.K.); Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California (T.S.); Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran (A.N.)
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M A Qadar Pasha
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India;
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Choi Y, Miura M, Nakata Y, Sugasawa T, Nissato S, Otsuki T, Sugawara J, Iemitsu M, Kawakami Y, Shimano H, Iijima Y, Tanaka K, Kuno S, Allu PKR, Mahapatra NR, Maeda S, Takekoshi K. A common genetic variant of the chromogranin A-derived peptide catestatin is associated with atherogenesis and hypertension in a Japanese population. Endocr J 2015. [PMID: 26211667 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej14-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromogranin A (CHGA) is a major protein in the secretory granules of chromaffin cells. CHGA also gives rise to cardiovascular/metabolism regulatory peptides, such as catestatin (CST) and pancreastatin (PST). While CST is a potent inhibitor of catecholamine secretion, PST is a potent physiological inhibitor of glucose-induced insulin secretion. Recently, several SNPs were identified in the CST and PST domains of CHGA locus in different populations. Among the discovered SNPs, CST variant allele Ser-364 was associated with blood pressure alteration and PST variant allele Ser-297 was associated with significantly higher plasma glucose level. In this study, we examined whether these CST and PST variant alleles exist and influence cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes in Japanese population. Our study comprised of 343 Japanese subjects aged 45-85 years (143 men and 200 women, mean age 66 ± 8 years). We determined the genotypes of CST and PST by PCR-direct sequencing method and carried out genotype-phenotype association analysis. In 343 participants, the minor allele frequency of CST variant Ser-364 was 6.10%. On the other hand, we did not detect the PST variant Ser-297 in this entire study population. The presence of Ser-364 allele was associated with increased in baPWV (an index of systemic arterial stiffness) that suggests an initiation and/or progression atherogenesis and hypertension. The Ser-364 allele was also associated with elevated systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, consistent with increased baPWV. In conclusion, the CST Ser-364 allele may increase the risk for cardiovascular diseases in Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngju Choi
- Division of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
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Litovkina O, Nekipelova E, Dvornyk V, Polonikov A, Efremova O, Zhernakova N, Reshetnikov E, Churnosov M. Genes involved in the regulation of vascular homeostasis determine renal survival rate in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Gene 2014; 546:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kuricová K, Tanhäuserová V, Pácal L, Bartáková V, Brožová L, Jarkovský J, Kaňková K. NOS3 894G>T polymorphism is associated with progression of kidney disease and cardiovascular morbidity in type 2 diabetic patients: NOS3 as a modifier gene for diabetic nephropathy? Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 38:92-8. [PMID: 24603156 DOI: 10.1159/000355757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We have previously associated SNP 894G>T in the NOS3 gene with diabetic nephropathy (DN) using multi-locus analysis. Variant 894G>T has been widely studied as a DN susceptibility factor with contradictory results. In the present study we genotyped 894G>T in the cohort of prospectively followed type 2 diabetics with the aim to investigate its possible role in the progression of DN and development of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes. METHODS 311 subjects with defined stage of DN were enrolled in the study and followed up for a median of 38 months. We considered three end-points: progression of DN, major cardiovascular event and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Considering baseline GFR, age at enrolment and diabetes duration as confounders, Cox regression analysis identified 894GT genotype as a risk factor for DN progression (HR = 1.843 [95% CI 1.088 - 3.119], P = 0.023) and 894TT genotype as a risk factor for major cardiovascular event (HR = 2.515 [95% CI 1.060 - 5.965], P = 0.036). CONCLUSION We ascertained the significant effect of the NOS3 894G>T variant on DN progression and occurrence of major cardiovascular event in T2DM subjects. Based on these results NOS3 can be considered a modifier gene for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Kuricová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Bressler J, Pankow JS, Coresh J, Boerwinkle E. Interaction between the NOS3 gene and obesity as a determinant of risk of type 2 diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79466. [PMID: 24278136 PMCID: PMC3835793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) catalyzes the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine in endothelial cells. Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for diabetes, and obese individuals have been reported to have reduced nitric oxide availability compared to controls whose weight is in the normal range. Since homozygous carriers of the NOS3 G894T variant are predicted to have decreased enzyme activity, the association between NOS3 genotype and type 2 diabetes, and possible effect modification by body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. The prevalence of diabetes and BMI was determined at baseline in 14,374 participants 45-66 years of age from the prospective biracial population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study of the development of atherosclerosis in four communities in the United States. Individuals with a BMI ≥30 kg/m(2) were considered obese. Those subjects not meeting the case definition were the comparison groups for the 728 African American and 980 white participants with diabetes. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and field center were used to test for main genetic effects and interaction with obesity. Although the NOS3 G894T variant was not independently associated with diabetes in either African Americans or whites, significant interaction between BMI and the NOS3 polymorphism indicated that obesity was an effect modifier of diabetes risk for white individuals with the TT genotype (odds ratio (OR) for interaction = 1.65, p = 0.04). In stratified analyses, homozygosity for the NOS3 T allele in obese white participants but not in those whose BMI <30 kg/m(2) was associated with an elevated risk of diabetes (OR = 1.47, p = 0.02) when compared to the common GG genotype. These results suggest that interaction between obesity and NOS3 genotype may be a determinant of diabetes case status in whites in the ARIC cohort. Replication in other populations will be required to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Ndiaye NC, Said ES, Stathopoulou MG, Siest G, Tsai MY, Visvikis-Siest S. Epistatic study reveals two genetic interactions in blood pressure regulation. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2013; 14:2. [PMID: 23298194 PMCID: PMC3599121 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Although numerous candidate gene and genome-wide association studies have been performed on blood pressure, a small number of regulating genetic variants having a limited effect have been identified. This phenomenon can partially be explained by possible gene-gene/epistasis interactions that were little investigated so far. Methods We performed a pre-planned two-phase investigation: in phase 1, one hundred single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 65 candidate genes were genotyped in 1,912 French unrelated adults in order to study their two-locus combined effects on blood pressure (BP) levels. In phase 2, the significant epistatic interactions observed in phase 1 were tested in an independent population gathering 1,755 unrelated European adults. Results Among the 9 genetic variants significantly associated with systolic and diastolic BP in phase 1, some may act through altering the corresponding protein levels: SNPs rs5742910 (Padjusted≤0.03) and rs6046 (Padjusted =0.044) in F7 and rs1800469 (Padjusted ≤0.036) in TGFB1; whereas some may be functional through altering the corresponding protein structure: rs1800590 (Padjusted =0.028, SE=0.088) in LPL and rs2228570 (Padjusted ≤9.48×10-4) in VDR. The two epistatic interactions found for systolic and diastolic BP in the discovery phase: VCAM1 (rs1041163) * APOB (rs1367117), and SCGB1A1 (rs3741240) * LPL (rs1800590), were tested in the replication population and we observed significant interactions on DBP. In silico analyses yielded putative functional properties of the SNPs involved in these epistatic interactions trough the alteration of corresponding protein structures. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that different pathways and then different genes may act synergistically in order to modify BP. This could highlight novel pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- "Cardiovascular Genetics" Research Unit, EA-4373, University of Lorraine, 30 rue Lionnois - 54000, Nancy, France
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Alghasham A, Ali A, Ismail H, Dowaidar M, Settin AA. CYP2J2 −50 G/T and ADRB2 G46A Gene Polymorphisms in Saudi Subjects with Hypertension. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:1027-31. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alghasham
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Ismail
- Clinical Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Dowaidar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A. Settin
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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El Shamieh S, Ndiaye NC, Stathopoulou MG, Murray HA, Masson C, Lamont JV, Fitzgerald P, Benetos A, Visvikis-Siest S. Functional epistatic interaction between rs6046G>A in F7 and rs5355C>T in SELE modifies systolic blood pressure levels. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40777. [PMID: 22815813 PMCID: PMC3399862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although numerous genetic studies have been performed, only 0.9% of blood pressure phenotypic variance has been elucidated. This phenomenon could be partially due to epistatic interactions. Our aim was to identify epistatic interaction(s) associated with blood pressure levels in a pre-planned two-phase approach. Methods and Results In a discovery cohort composed of 3,600 French individuals, we found rs6046A allele in F7 associated with decreased blood pressure levels (P≤3.7×10−3) and rs5355T allele in SELE associated with decreased diastolic blood pressure levels (P = 5×10−3). Both variants interacted in order to influence blood pressure levels (P≤0.048). This interaction was replicated with systolic blood pressure in 4,620 additional European individuals (P = 0.03). Similarly, in this replication cohort, rs6046A was associated with decreased blood pressure levels (P≤8.5×10−4). Furthermore, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a subsample of 90 supposed healthy individuals, we found rs6046A positively associated with NAMPT mRNA levels (P≤9.1×10−5), suggesting an eventual involvement of NAMPT expression in blood pressure regulation. Confirming this hypothesis, further transcriptomic analyses showed that increased NAMPT mRNA levels were positively correlated with ICAM1, SELL, FPR1, DEFA1-3, and LL-37 genes expression (P≤5×10−3). The last two mRNA levels were positively associated with systolic blood pressure levels (P≤0.01) and explained 4% of its phenotypic variation. Conclusion These findings reveal the importance of epistatic interactions in blood pressure genetics and give new insights for the role of inflammation in its complex regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said El Shamieh
- Université de Lorraine, “Génétique Cardio-vasculaire”, EA-4373, Nancy, France
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- Université de Lorraine, “Génétique Cardio-vasculaire”, EA-4373, Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Christine Masson
- Université de Lorraine, “Génétique Cardio-vasculaire”, EA-4373, Nancy, France
| | - John V. Lamont
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Crumlin, Antrim, United Kingdom
| | | | - Athanase Benetos
- INSERM U961, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
- CHU Nancy, Brabois, Service de Gériatrie, Nancy, France
| | - Sophie Visvikis-Siest
- Université de Lorraine, “Génétique Cardio-vasculaire”, EA-4373, Nancy, France
- CHU Nancy, Brabois, Service de Gériatrie, Nancy, France
- * E-mail:
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Kumar R, Nejatizadeh A, Gupta M, Markan A, Tyagi S, Jain SK, Pasha MAQ. The epistasis between vascular homeostasis genes is apparent in essential hypertension. Atherosclerosis 2011; 220:418-24. [PMID: 22134143 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The epistasis influence of vascular homeostasis genes is vital to multigenetic diseases. This study was designed to perceive the possible role of epistasis in the etiology of essential hypertension. METHODS We investigated seven polymorphisms of ACE, CYP11B2 and NOS3 epistatically, and SBP, DBP, MAP, ACE activity, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and NOx level in 860 age- and ethnicity-matched unrelated north-Indian subjects. RESULTS The hypertension risk in individuals with interacted-genotypes (IwIw+IwIc)+(4aa), (IcIc)+(4bb+4ba) and IcIc+4aa of the CYP11B2 and NOS3 was significantly higher with odds ratio 5.5 (95% CI=2.9-10.6, P<0.0001), 2.4 (95% CI=1.4-4.1, P<0.0008) and 7.5 (95% CI=1.6-34.8, P=0.010), respectively. The odds ratio for hypertension with interacted-haplotypes (-344T/Ic)+(-922A/-786T/4a/894G) and (-344T/Ic)+(-922G/-786C/4a/894G) of CYP11B2 and NOS3 was 5.3 (95% CI=2.0-14.2, P=0.005) and 3.9 (95% CI=1.4-10.4, P=0.04), respectively; whereas for the protective interacted-haplotypes (-344T/Iw)+(-922A/-786T/4b/894G), the odds ratio was 0.7 (95% CI=0.5-0.9, P=0.03). While the interacted-genotypes, IcIc+4aa correlated with higher SBP and MAP (P=0.006; P=0.04), the interacted-haplotypes, (-344T/Ic)+(-922A/-786T/4a/894G) and (-344T/Ic)+(-922G/-786C/4a/894G) correlated with higher MAP and lower NOx level (P=0.02 and P=0.03, respectively), and the protective interacted-haplotypes (-344T/Iw)+(-922A/-786T/4b/894G) correlated with lower PAC and MAP (P=0.024 and P=0.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The epistasis between CYP11B2 and NOS3 and its correlation with varied clinical and biochemical parameters signify its possible contribution in the complex etiology of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
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11
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Association study of the β2-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and hypertension in the Northern Han Chinese. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18590. [PMID: 21483652 PMCID: PMC3071737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene has been widely researched as a candidate gene for essential hypertension (EH), but no consensus has been reached in different ethnicities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible association between the ADRB2 gene polymorphisms and the EH risk in the Northern Han Chinese population. Methodology/Principal Findings This study included 747 hypertensive subjects and 390 healthy volunteers as control subjects in the Northern Han Chinese. Genotyping was performed to identify the C-47T, A46G and C79G polymorphisms of the ADRB2 gene. G allelic frequency of A46G polymorphism was significantly higher in hypertensive subjects (P = 0.011, OR = 1.287, 95%CI [1.059–1.565]) than that in controls. Significant association could also be found in dominant genetic model (GG+AG vs. AA, P = 0.006, OR = 1.497, 95%CI [1.121–1.998]), in homozygote comparison (GG vs. AA, P = 0.025, OR = 1.568, 95%CI [1.059–2.322]), and in additive genetic model (GG vs. AG vs. AA, P = 0.012, OR = 1.282, 95%CI [1.056–1.555]). Subgroup analyses performed by gender suggested that this association could be found in male, but not in female. Stratification analyses by obesity showed that A46G polymorphism was related to the prevalence of hypertension in the obese population (GG vs. AG vs. AA, P<0.001, OR = 1.645, 95%CI [1.258–2.151]). Significant interaction was found between A46G genotypes and body mass index on EH risk. No significant association could be found between C-47T or C79G polymorphism and EH risk. Linkage disequilibrium was detected between the C-47T, A46G and C79G polymorphisms. Haplotype analyses observed that the T-47-A46-C79 haplotype was a protective haplotype for EH, while the T-47-G46-C79 haplotype increased the risk. Conclusions/Significances We revealed that the ADRB2 A46G polymorphism might increase the risk for EH in the Northern Han Chinese population.
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Murakami H, Iemitsu M, Sanada K, Gando Y, Ohmori Y, Kawakami R, Sasaki S, Tabata I, Miyachi M. Associations among objectively measured physical activity, fasting plasma homocysteine concentration, and MTHFR C677T genotype. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111:2997-3005. [PMID: 21451940 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-1926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevated fasting plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level is a vascular disease risk factor. Plasma Hcy is affected by 5,10-methylenetetrahydofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype and dietary folate intake. This cross-sectional study in 434 Japanese adults examined the associations among objectively measured physical activity (PA), plasma Hcy adjusting for dietary folate intake, and MTHFR C677T genotype. Daily PA was measured by triaxial accelerometry and all subjects completed a questionnaire about their dietary habits. Plasma Hcy and MTHFR C677T genotype were determined. Plasma Hcy in subjects with the TT genotype was significantly higher than in those with CC or CT genotype (p < 0.001). Plasma Hcy was significantly different between ≥ 200 (7.6 ± 0.2 nmol/mL) and <200 µg/day (8.3 ± 0.3 nmol/mL) folate intake groups (p = 0.003). There were no differences in plasma Hcy adjusting for age, sex, and folate intake between groups according to PA category in all subjects. However, there were significant interactions between time spent in light PA (p = 0.003), vigorous PA (p = 0.001), or inactivity (p = 0.004), and MTHFR genotype. In only the TT genotype, shorter time spent in light PA was associated with higher plasma Hcy than a longer time spent in light PA (11.5 ± 3.3 nmol/mL vs. 8.5 ± 3.3 nmol/mL, p < 0.001), and longer time spent in vigorous PA and inactivity were associated with higher plasma Hcy (11.8 ± 3.3 nmol/mL vs. 8.4 ± 3.2 nmol/mL, 11.6 ± 3.3 nmol/mL vs. 8.4 ± 3.3 nmol/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). In conclusion, light and vigorous PA were associated with plasma Hcy only in the TT genotype, but there were no such associations in all genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Murakami
- Health Promotion and Exercise Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
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13
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Dias RG, Gowdak MM, Pereira AC. Genetics and cardiovascular system: influence of human genetic variants on vascular function. GENES AND NUTRITION 2010; 6:55-62. [PMID: 21437030 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-010-0193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Candidate gene association studies in cardiovascular diseases have provided evidence on the molecular basis of phenotypic differences between individuals. The comprehension of how inherited genetic variants are able to affect protein functions has increased the knowledge of how genes interact with environment in order to modulate a particular phenotype. Although it is known that the human genome contains more than 10 million SNPs, only a minor part of them are supposed to be functional. A causative SNP in a particular gene may confer a small to moderate effect in complex phenotypes, such as functions important to cardiovascular homeostasis. This paper is a selective review of the literature on the evidence for interactions between vascular function and naturally occurring genetic variants in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2), two genes among those influencing vascular phenotype and examples for which there is a strong evidence base. eNOS and ADRB2 will be characterized, as well as the mechanisms by which the enzyme and the receptor work to control vascular responses will be described. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying gene-mediated vascular function and their modification by genetic variants is expected to result in a better comprehension about individual's phenotypic differences.
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14
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A46G and C79G polymorphisms in the β2-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) and essential hypertension risk: a meta-analysis. Hypertens Res 2010; 33:1114-23. [PMID: 20739939 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2010.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
No consensus has been reached on the association between the β2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms A46G and C79G and essential hypertension risk. We performed a meta-analysis to confirm the possible association. After reviewing 303 reports in PubMed and 359 reports in Embase, we included in our meta-analysis 18 articles (20 studies) that met our inclusion criteria. The fixed-effects model and the random-effects model were applied for dichotomous outcomes to combine the results of the individual studies. There was no statistical association between A46G and hypertension risk in all subjects, Asians or Caucasians. However, an association was observed in the dominant genetic model (AA vs. (AG+GG)) (P=0.04, odds ratio (OR)=1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.87, P(heterogeneity)=0.98, fixed-effects model) in the subgroup of mixed Africans. No overall statistical association could be found between C79G and hypertension risk or any ethnic subgroup. In the research conducted on severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥95 mm Hg hypertensive population), significant association was found in the dominant genetic model (CC vs. (CG+GG)) (P=0.04, OR=1.38, 95% CI 1.02-1.86, P(heterogeneity)=0.03, random-effects model), and there was also a borderline significance between the C79 allele and severe hypertension (P=0.05, OR=1.26, 95% CI 1.00-1.57, P(heterogeneity)=0.04, random-effects model). No association could be found in this study between the two polymorphisms and stage 2 hypertension. More studies stratified for different ethnicities and different stages of hypertension should be performed in the future.
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15
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Iemitsu M, Murakami H, Sanada K, Yamamoto K, Kawano H, Gando Y, Miyachi M. Lack of carotid stiffening associated with MTHFR 677TT genotype in cardiorespiratory fit adults. Physiol Genomics 2010; 42:259-65. [PMID: 20406848 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00039.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The TT genotype of C677T polymorphism in 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) induces elevation of homocysteine level and leads to atherosclerosis and arterial stiffening. Furthermore, cardiorespiratory fitness level is also associated with arterial stiffness. In the present study, a cross-sectional investigation of 763 Japanese men and women (18-70 yr old) was performed to clarify the effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on the relationship between arterial stiffness and MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid beta-stiffness with ultrasonography and tonometry. The study subjects were divided into high-cardiorespiratory fitness (High-Fit) and low-cardiorespiratory fitness (Low-Fit) groups based on the median value of peak oxygen uptake in each sex and decade. The plasma homocysteine level was higher in the TT genotype of MTHFR C677T polymorphism compared with CC and CT genotype individuals. MTHFR C677T polymorphism showed no effect on carotid beta-stiffness, but there was a significant interaction effect between fitness and MTHFR C677T polymorphism on carotid beta-stiffness (P = 0.0017). In the Low-Fit subjects, carotid beta-stiffness was significantly higher in individuals with the TT genotype than the CC and CT genotypes. However, there were no such differences in High-Fit subjects. In addition, beta-stiffness and plasma homocysteine levels were positively correlated in Low-Fit subjects with the TT genotype (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001), but no such correlations were observed in High-Fit subjects. In CC and CT genotype individuals, there were also no such correlations in either fitness level. These results suggest that the higher cardiorespiratory fitness may attenuate central artery stiffening associated with MTHFR C677T polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Iemitsu
- Health Promotion and Exercise Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyana, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kitsios GD, Zintzaras E. Synopsis and data synthesis of genetic association studies in hypertension for the adrenergic receptor family genes: the CUMAGAS-HYPERT database. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:305-13. [PMID: 20044737 PMCID: PMC2962566 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adrenergic receptor (adrenoceptor) family genes have been extensively studied as candidate genes in hypertension but the results of individual genetic association studies (GAS) are controversial and inconclusive. To clarify these data, a systematic assessment of GAS for adrenoceptor family genes in hypertension was conducted. METHODS Data from 163 GAS involving 7 genes and 37 distinct genetic variants were analyzed and cataloged in CUMAGAS-HYPERT (Cumulative Meta-analysis of Genetic Association Studies-HYPERTension; a web-based information system, which allows the retrieval and synthesis of data from GAS in hypertension, available at http://biomath.med.uth.gr). Data from genome-wide association studies involving the adrenoceptor family genes were also systematically searched. RESULTS Individual GAS reported inconsistent associations and had limited power to detect modest genetic effects, with only 1.2% having power >80%. Thirteen variants were investigated by three or more studies and their results were subject to meta-analysis. In the main meta-analyses, significant results were shown for five variants (ADRB1 p.Arg389Gly, ADRB1 p.Ser49Gly, ADRB2 g.9368308A>G, ADRB3 p.Trp64Arg, and ADRA1A p.Cys347Arg) under the allelic contrast and/or the dominant model. Subgroup analyses by ethnicity and gender detected significant associations for three variants (ADRB1 p.Arg389Gly in east Asians, ADRB2 p.Gln27Glu in whites, and ADRB3 p.Trp64Arg in whites and in males). Heterogeneity ranged from none to high. No significant associations were recorded from genome-wide studies. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence to implicate adrenoceptor genes in hypertension, although future studies designed to investigate epistatic and gene-environment interactions would allow more solid conclusions to be drawn about the role of these genes in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Kitsios
- Department of Biomathematics, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, Larissa, Greece
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Kitsios GD, Zintzaras E. AnNOS3Haplotype Is Protective against Hypertension in a Caucasian Population. Int J Hypertens 2010; 2010:865031. [PMID: 20981307 PMCID: PMC2958494 DOI: 10.4061/2010/865031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3) has been implicated in the development of hypertension, although the specific role of variants and haplotypes has not been clarified. In this study, the association of three polymorphisms (promoter T786C, intronic 4a/b, and nonsynonymous G894T) was tested in a case-control sample of 230 patients with essential hypertension and 306 healthy controls. Haplotype analysis was also performed. The mutant allele a∗ of the 4a/b polymorphism showed a protective effect against hypertension under a dominant model (odds ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (0.44–0.93)), although this effect was not significant after the adjustment for covariates (P = 0.06). The estimated frequency of the haplotype composed of the T786∗, 4a∗, and G894∗ alleles was significantly higher in controls (5.5%) compared to cases (2%). These results indicate that although individual NOS3 polymorphisms are not associated with hypertension, a rare haplotype of the gene might be protective against the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D. Kitsios
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington Street, Tufts MC no. 63, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Biomathematics, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, 2 Panepistimiou, Biopolis, Larissa 41100, Greece
| | - Elias Zintzaras
- Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 800 Washington Street, Tufts MC no. 63, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Biomathematics, University of Thessaly School of Medicine, 2 Panepistimiou, Biopolis, Larissa 41100, Greece
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