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Dias LG, Reis CHO, Dos Santos L, Krause Neto W, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Baker JS, Leopoldo AS, Bocalini DS. Strength training improves heart function, collagen and strength in rats with heart failure. J Physiol Sci 2024; 74:10. [PMID: 38365576 PMCID: PMC10873996 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-024-00899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Myocardial infarction (MI) frequently leads to cardiac remodeling and failure with impaired life quality, playing an important role in cardiovascular deaths. Although physical exercise is a well-recognized effective non-pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases, the effects of strength training (ST) on the structural and functional aspects of cardiac remodeling need to be further documented. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of a linear block ST protocol in the rat model of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS After 6 weeks of MI induction or sham surgery, male adult rats performed ST for the following 12 weeks. The ladder-based ST program was organized in three mesocycles of 4 weeks, with one load increment for each block according to the maximal carrying load test. After 12 weeks, the infarcted-trained rats exhibited an increase in performance, associated with reduced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary congestion compared with the untrained group. Despite not changing MI size, the ST program partially prevented cardiac dilatation and ventricular dysfunction assessed by echocardiography and hemodynamics, and interstitial fibrosis evaluated by histology. In addition, isolated cardiac muscles from infarcted-trained rats had improved contractility parameters in a steady state, and in response to calcium or stimuli pauses. CONCLUSIONS The ST in infarcted rats increased the capacity to carry mass, associated with attenuation of cardiac remodeling and pulmonary congestion with improving cardiac function that could be attributed, at least in part, to the improvement of myocardial contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisiane G Dias
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Carlos H O Reis
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Walter Krause Neto
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Julien S Baker
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - André S Leopoldo
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Danilo S Bocalini
- Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory. Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
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da Silva VL, Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, de Campos DHS, Melo AB, Vileigas DF, Coelho PM, Sant’Ana PG, Padovani C, Lima-Leopoldo AP, Bazan SGZ, Leopoldo AS, Cicogna AC. Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Calcium Handling and Cardiac Function in Rats with Heart Failure Resulting from Aortic Stenosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12306. [PMID: 37569680 PMCID: PMC10418739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been used to manage heart disease. AET may totally or partially restore the activity and/or expression of proteins that regulate calcium (Ca2+) handling, optimize intracellular Ca2+ flow, and attenuate cardiac functional impairment in failing hearts. However, the literature presents conflicting data regarding the effects of AET on Ca2+ transit and cardiac function in rats with heart failure resulting from aortic stenosis (AoS). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AET on Ca2+ handling and cardiac function in rats with heart failure due to AoS. Wistar rats were distributed into two groups: control (Sham; n = 61) and aortic stenosis (AoS; n = 44). After 18 weeks, the groups were redistributed into: non-exposed to exercise training (Sham, n = 28 and AoS, n = 22) and trained (Sham-ET, n = 33 and AoS-ET, n = 22) for 10 weeks. Treadmill exercise training was performed with a velocity equivalent to the lactate threshold. The cardiac function was analyzed by echocardiogram, isolated papillary muscles, and isolated cardiomyocytes. During assays of isolated papillary muscles and isolated cardiomyocytes, the Ca2+ concentrations were evaluated. The expression of regulatory proteins for diastolic Ca2+ was assessed via Western Blot. AET attenuated the diastolic dysfunction and improved the systolic function. AoS-ET animals presented an enhanced response to post-rest contraction and SERCA2a and L-type Ca2+ channel blockage compared to the AoS. Furthermore, AET was able to improve aspects of the mechanical function and the responsiveness of the myofilaments to the Ca2+ of the AoS-ET animals. AoS animals presented an alteration in the protein expression of SERCA2a and NCX, and AET restored SERCA2a and NCX levels near normal values. Therefore, AET increased SERCA2a activity and myofilament responsiveness to Ca2+ and improved the cellular Ca2+ influx mechanism, attenuating cardiac dysfunction at cellular, tissue, and chamber levels in animals with AoS and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor Loureiro da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Dijon Henrique Salomé de Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Alexandre Barroso Melo
- Department of Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; alexandre-- (A.B.M.); (P.M.C.); (A.P.L.-L.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Priscila Murucci Coelho
- Department of Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; alexandre-- (A.B.M.); (P.M.C.); (A.P.L.-L.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Paula Grippa Sant’Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Carlos Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo
- Department of Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; alexandre-- (A.B.M.); (P.M.C.); (A.P.L.-L.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
| | - André Soares Leopoldo
- Department of Sports, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Brazil; alexandre-- (A.B.M.); (P.M.C.); (A.P.L.-L.); (A.S.L.)
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil; (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (D.H.S.d.C.); (D.F.V.); (P.G.S.); (S.G.Z.B.); (A.C.C.)
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Kemi OJ. Exercise and Calcium in the Heart. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2023.100644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Jafari A, Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Khosrobakhsh F, Khaledi N. Synergistic Effects of Exercise Training and Vitamin D Supplementation on Mitochondrial Function of Cardiac Tissue, Antioxidant Capacity, and Tumor Growth in Breast Cancer in Bearing-4T1 Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640237. [PMID: 33927639 PMCID: PMC8076802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Both regular exercise training and vitamin D consumption are beneficial for patients with cancer. The study investigated the effects of interval exercise training (IET) or/and vitamin D supplementation on the gene expression involved in mitochondrial function of heart tissue, tumor size, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in breast cancer (BC) model mice. We assigned random 40 female NMRI mice to five equal groups (n = 8); the healthy control group (H.C), cancer control group (Ca.C), cancer with the vitamin D group (Ca.VD), cancer exercise group (Ca.Ex), and cancer exercise along with the vitamin D group (Ca.Ex.VD). Forty-eight hours after treatment, we anesthetized the animals and performed the isolation of heart tissue and blood serum for further studies. The results showed that the lowest mean body weight at the end of the treatments was related to Ca.C (p = 0.001). Vitamin D treatment alone has increased tumor volume growth by approximately 23%; in contrast, co-treatment with exercise and vitamin D inhibited tumor growth in mice (P = 0.001), compared with the cancer control (12%). TAC levels were higher in the group that received both vitamin D and exercise training (Ca.Ex.VD) than in the other treatment groups (Ca.VD and Ca.Ex) (p = 0.001). In cardiac tissue, vitamin D treatment induces an elevation significantly of the mRNA expression of Pgc1-α, Mfn-1, and Drp-1 genes (p = 0.001). The study has shown the overexpression of vitamin D in female mice, and synergistic effects of IET with vitamin D on weight loss controlling, antitumorigenesis, improvement of antioxidant defense, and the modulation of gene expression. The synergistic responses were likely by increasing mitochondrial fusion and TAC to control oxidative stress. We recommended being conducted further studies on mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis focusing on risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jafari
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Farnoosh Khosrobakhsh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Neda Khaledi
- Physical Education and Sports Sciences College, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran
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Lambert K, Demion M, Lagacé JC, Hokayem M, Dass M, Virsolvy A, Jover B, bourret A, Bisbal C. Grape polyphenols and exercise training have distinct molecular effects on cardiac hypertrophy in a model of obese insulin-resistant rats. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 87:108522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Lv J, Deng C, Jiang S, Ji T, Yang Z, Wang Z, Yang Y. Blossoming 20: The Energetic Regulator's Birthday Unveils its Versatility in Cardiac Diseases. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:466-476. [PMID: 30809287 PMCID: PMC6376194 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) was first identified in 1998 as a PGC-1 family member that regulates adaptive thermogenesis and mitochondrial function following cold exposure in brown adipose tissue. The PGC-1 family has drawn widespread attention over the past two decades as the energetic regulator. We recently summarized a review regarding PGC-1 signaling pathway and its mechanisms in cardiac metabolism. In this review, we elaborate upon the PGC-1 signaling network and highlight the recent progress of its versatile roles in cardiac diseases, including myocardial hypertrophy, peripartum and diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. The information reviewed here may be useful in future studies, which may increase the potential of this energetic regulator as a therapeutic target.
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Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Weeks KL, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. Understanding Key Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Cardiac Protection to Mitigate Disease: Current Knowledge and Emerging Concepts. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:419-475. [PMID: 29351515 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on the heart are well recognized, and clinical studies have demonstrated that exercise is an intervention that can improve cardiac function in heart failure patients. This has led to significant research into understanding the key mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Here, we summarize molecular mechanisms that regulate exercise-induced cardiac myocyte growth and proliferation. We discuss in detail the effects of exercise on other cardiac cells, organelles, and systems that have received less or little attention and require further investigation. This includes cardiac excitation and contraction, mitochondrial adaptations, cellular stress responses to promote survival (heat shock response, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosomal system, endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, DNA damage response), extracellular matrix, inflammatory response, and organ-to-organ crosstalk. We summarize therapeutic strategies targeting known regulators of exercise-induced protection and the challenges translating findings from bench to bedside. We conclude that technological advancements that allow for in-depth profiling of the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, combined with animal and human studies, provide new opportunities for comprehensively defining the signaling and regulatory aspects of cell/organelle functions that underpin the protective properties of exercise. This is likely to lead to the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia ; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University , Victoria , Australia ; and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences , Victoria , Australia
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8
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Guo W, Pencina KM, Gagliano-Jucá T, Jasuja R, Morris N, O'Connell KE, Westmoreland S, Bhasin S. Effects of an ActRIIB.Fc Ligand Trap on Cardiac Function in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Male Rhesus Macaques. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:817-831. [PMID: 30019021 PMCID: PMC6041778 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important safety consideration in the use of antagonists of myostatin and activins is whether these drugs induce myocardial hypertrophy and impair cardiac function. The current study evaluated the effects of a soluble ActRIIB receptor Fc fusion protein (ActRIIB.Fc), a ligand trap for TGF-β/activin family members including myostatin, on myocardial mass and function in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Fourteen pair-housed, juvenile male rhesus macaques were inoculated with SIVmac239; 4 weeks postinoculation, they were treated with weekly injections of 10 mg/kg ActRIIB.Fc or saline for 12 weeks. Myocardial mass and function were evaluated using two-dimensional echocardiography at baseline and after 12 weeks. The administration of ActRIIB.Fc was associated with a significantly greater increase in thickness of left ventricular posterior wall and interventricular septum both in diastole and systole. Cardiac output and cardiac index increased with time, more in animals treated with ActRIIB.Fc than in those treated with saline, but the difference was not statistically significant. The changes in ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and stroke volume did not differ significantly between groups. The changes in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes did not differ between groups. In addition to a large reduction in IGF1 mRNA expression in the ActRIIB.Fc-treated animals, complex changes were detected in the myocardial expression of proteins related to calcium transport and storage. In conclusion, ActRIIB.Fc administration for 12 weeks was associated with increased myocardial mass but did not adversely affect myocardial function in juvenile SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Further studies are necessary to establish long-term cardiac safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Guo
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karol M Pencina
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thiago Gagliano-Jucá
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ravi Jasuja
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy Morris
- Division of Comparative Pathology, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts
| | - Karyn E O'Connell
- Division of Comparative Pathology, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Westmoreland
- Division of Comparative Pathology, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts
| | - Shalender Bhasin
- Research Program in Men's Health: Aging and Metabolism, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Rodrigues AC, Natali AJ, Cunha DNQD, Costa AJLD, Moura AGD, Araújo Carneiro-Júnior M, Félix LB, Brum PC, Prímola-Gomes TN. Moderate Continuous Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Cardiomyocyte Contractility in Β1 Adrenergic Receptor Knockout Mice. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 110:256-262. [PMID: 29466489 PMCID: PMC5898776 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of cardiac β1-adrenergic receptors
(β1-AR) negatively affects the regulation of both
cardiac inotropy and lusitropy, leading, in the long term, to heart failure
(HF). Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (MCAE) is recommended as an
adjunctive therapy for patients with HF. Objective We tested the effects of MCAE on the contractile properties of left
ventricular (LV) myocytes from β1 adrenergic receptor
knockout (β1ARKO) mice. Methods Four- to five-month-old male wild type (WT) and β1ARKO mice
were divided into groups: WT control (WTc) and trained (WTt); and
β1ARKO control (β1ARKOc) and trained
(β1ARKOt). Animals from trained groups were submitted
to a MCAE regimen (60 min/day; 60% of maximal speed, 5 days/week) on a
treadmill, for 8 weeks. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant in all
comparisons. Results The β1ARKO and exercised mice exhibited a higher (p <
0.05) running capacity than WT and sedentary ones, respectively. The
β1ARKO mice showed higher body (BW), heart (HW) and
left ventricle (LVW) weights, as well as the HW/BW and LVW/BW than WT mice.
However, the MCAE did not affect these parameters. Left ventricular myocytes
from β1ARKO mice showed increased (p < 0.05) amplitude
and velocities of contraction and relaxation than those from WT. In
addition, MCAE increased (p < 0.05) amplitude and velocities of
contraction and relaxation in β1ARKO mice. Conclusion MCAE improves myocyte contractility in the left ventricle of
β1ARKO mice. This is evidence to support the
therapeutic value of this type of exercise training in the treatment of
heart diseases involving β1-AR desensitization or
reduction.
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Burgos JI, Yeves AM, Barrena JP, Portiansky EL, Vila-Petroff MG, Ennis IL. Nitric oxide and CaMKII: Critical steps in the cardiac contractile response To IGF-1 and swim training. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 112:16-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mutikainen M, Tuomainen T, Naumenko N, Huusko J, Smirin B, Laidinen S, Kokki K, Hynynen H, Ylä-Herttuala S, Heinäniemi M, Ruas JL, Tavi P. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1 α1 induces a cardiac excitation-contraction coupling phenotype without metabolic remodelling. J Physiol 2017; 594:7049-7071. [PMID: 27716916 DOI: 10.1113/jp272847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α1 has been shown to regulate energy metabolism and to mediate metabolic adaptations in pathological and physiological cardiac hypertrophy but other functional implications of PGC-1α1 expression are not known. Transgenic PGC-1α1 overexpression within the physiological range in mouse heart induces purposive changes in contractile properties, electrophysiology and calcium signalling but does not induce substantial metabolic remodelling. The phenotype of the PGC-1α1 transgenic mouse heart recapitulates most of the functional modifications usually associated with the exercise-induced heart phenotype, but does not protect the heart against load-induced pathological hypertrophy. Transcriptional effects of PGC-1α1 show clear dose-dependence with diverse changes in genes in circadian clock, heat shock, excitability, calcium signalling and contraction pathways at low overexpression levels, while metabolic genes are recruited at much higher PGC-1α1 expression levels. These results imply that the physiological role of PGC-1α1 is to promote a beneficial excitation-contraction coupling phenotype in the heart. ABSTRACT The transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α1 has been identified as a central factor mediating metabolic adaptations of the heart. However, to what extent physiological changes in PGC-1α1 expression levels actually contribute to the functional adaptation of the heart is still mostly unresolved. The aim of this study was to characterize the transcriptional and functional effects of physiologically relevant, moderate PGC-1α1 expression in the heart. In vivo and ex vivo physiological analysis shows that expression of PGC-1α1 within a physiological range in mouse heart does not induce the expected metabolic alterations, but instead induces a unique excitation-contraction (EC) coupling phenotype recapitulating features typically seen in physiological hypertrophy. Transcriptional screening of PGC-1α1 overexpressing mouse heart and myocyte cultures with higher, acute adenovirus-induced PGC-1α1 expression, highlights PGC-1α1 as a transcriptional coactivator with a number of binding partners in various pathways (such as heat shock factors and the circadian clock) through which it acts as a pleiotropic transcriptional regulator in the heart, to both augment and repress the expression of its target genes in a dose-dependent fashion. At low levels of overexpression PGC-1α1 elicits a diverse transcriptional response altering the expression state of circadian clock, heat shock, excitability, calcium signalling and contraction pathways, while metabolic targets of PGC-1α1 are recruited at higher PGC-1α1 expression levels. Together these findings demonstrate that PGC-1α1 elicits a dual effect on cardiac transcription and phenotype. Further, our results imply that the physiological role of PGC-1α1 is to promote a beneficial EC coupling phenotype in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Mutikainen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Tuomainen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikolay Naumenko
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Huusko
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Boris Smirin
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Laidinen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Krista Kokki
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heidi Hynynen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pasi Tavi
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Roh J, Rhee J, Chaudhari V, Rosenzweig A. The Role of Exercise in Cardiac Aging: From Physiology to Molecular Mechanisms. Circ Res 2016; 118:279-95. [PMID: 26838314 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging induces structural and functional changes in the heart that are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and impaired functional capacity in the elderly. Exercise is a diagnostic and therapeutic tool, with the potential to provide insights into clinical diagnosis and prognosis, as well as the molecular mechanisms by which aging influences cardiac physiology and function. In this review, we first provide an overview of how aging impacts the cardiac response to exercise, and the implications this has for functional capacity in older adults. We then review the underlying molecular mechanisms by which cardiac aging contributes to exercise intolerance, and conversely how exercise training can potentially modulate aging phenotypes in the heart. Finally, we highlight the potential use of these exercise models to complement models of disease in efforts to uncover new therapeutic targets to prevent or treat heart disease in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Roh
- From the Cardiovascular Division (J. Roh, J. Rhee, V.C., A.R.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (J. Rhee), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - James Rhee
- From the Cardiovascular Division (J. Roh, J. Rhee, V.C., A.R.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (J. Rhee), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Vinita Chaudhari
- From the Cardiovascular Division (J. Roh, J. Rhee, V.C., A.R.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (J. Rhee), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- From the Cardiovascular Division (J. Roh, J. Rhee, V.C., A.R.) and Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine (J. Rhee), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
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Favier FB, Britto FA, Ponçon B, Begue G, Chabi B, Reboul C, Meyer G, Py G. Endurance training prevents negative effects of the hypoxia mimetic dimethyloxalylglycine on cardiac and skeletal muscle function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 120:455-63. [PMID: 26679609 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00171.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning is a promising strategy to prevent hypoxia-induced damages to several tissues. This effect is related to prior stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α via inhibition of the prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs), which are responsible for its degradation under normoxia. Although PHD inhibition has been shown to increase endurance performance in rodents, potential side effects of such a therapy have not been explored. Here, we investigated the effects of 1 wk of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) treatment (150 mg/kg) on exercise capacity, as well as on cardiac and skeletal muscle function in sedentary and endurance-trained rats. DMOG improved maximal aerobic velocity and endurance in both sedentary and trained rats. This effect was associated with an increase in red blood cells without significant alteration of skeletal muscle contractile properties. In sedentary rats, DMOG treatment resulted in enhanced left ventricle (LV) weight together with impairment in diastolic function, LV relaxation, and pulse pressure. Moreover, DMOG decreased maximal oxygen uptake (state 3) of isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscle. Importantly, endurance training reversed the negative effects of DMOG treatment on cardiac function and restored maximal mitochondrial oxygen uptake to the level of sedentary placebo-treated rats. In conclusion, we provide here evidence that the PHD inhibitor DMOG has detrimental influence on myocardial and mitochondrial function in healthy rats. However, one may suppose that the deleterious influence of PHD inhibition would be potentiated in patients with already poor physical condition. Therefore, the present results prompt us to take into consideration the potential side effects of PHD inhibitors when administrated to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois B Favier
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France;
| | - Florian A Britto
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Ponçon
- Laboratoire de Pharm-écologie cardiovasculaire, Avignon, France; and Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Gwenaelle Begue
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beatrice Chabi
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Reboul
- Laboratoire de Pharm-écologie cardiovasculaire, Avignon, France; and Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Gregory Meyer
- Laboratoire de Pharm-écologie cardiovasculaire, Avignon, France; and Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Guillaume Py
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
The global burden of hypertension is rising and accounts for substantial morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle factors such as diet and physical inactivity contribute to this burden, further highlighting the need for prevention efforts to curb this public health epidemic. Regular physical activity is associated with lower blood pressure, reduced cardiovascular risk, and cardiac remodeling. While exercise and hypertension can both be associated with the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the cardiac remodeling from hypertension is pathologic with an associated increase in myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and risk of heart failure and mortality, whereas LVH in athletes is generally non-pathologic and lacks the fibrosis seen in hypertension. In hypertensive patients, physical activity has been associated with paradoxical regression or prevention of LVH, suggesting a mechanism by which exercise can benefit hypertensive patients. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the benefits of physical activity in the hypertensive heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Hegde
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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15
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Vutthasathien P, Wattanapermpool J. Regular exercise improves cardiac contractile activation by modulating MHC isoforms and SERCA activity in orchidectomized rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:831-9. [PMID: 26272317 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from the trial known as Testosterone in Older Men with Mobility Limitations (TOM) has indicated an association between testosterone administration and a greater risk for adverse cardiovascular events. We therefore propose that regular exercise is a cardioprotective alternative that prevents detrimental changes in contractile activation when a deficiency in male sex hormones exists. Ten-week-old orchidectomized (ORX) rats were subjected to a 9-wk treadmill running program at moderate intensity starting 1 wk after surgery. Although exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy was observed both in rats that underwent ORX and sham surgery, regular exercise enhanced cardiac myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity and myosin light-chain 2 phosphorylation only in rats that underwent a sham operation. Although the rats that had sham surgery and and given exercise exhibited no change in maximum developed tension, regular running prevented the suppression of maximum active tension in the hearts of ORX rats. Regular exercise also prevented a shift in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms toward β-MHC, a reduction in sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) activity, and an increase in SERCA sensitivity in the hearts of ORX rats. Neither SERCA content nor its modulating component, phospholamban (PLB), was altered by exercise in either sham-operated or ORX rats. However, decreases in the phosphorylated Thr(17) form of PLB and the phosphorylated Thr(287) form of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II in the hearts of ORX rats were abolished after regular exercise. These results thus support the use of regular running as a cardioprotective alternative to testosterone replacement in hypogonadal conditions.
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16
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Exercise Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Breast Cancer Survivors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2015; 2015:917606. [PMID: 26339243 PMCID: PMC4539168 DOI: 10.1155/2015/917606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thanks to increasingly effective treatment, breast cancer mortality rates have significantly declined over the past few decades. Following the increase in life expectancy of women diagnosed with breast cancer, it has been recognized that these women are at an elevated risk for cardiovascular disease due in part to the cardiotoxic side effects of treatment. This paper reviews evidence for the role of exercise in prevention of cardiovascular toxicity associated with chemotherapy used in breast cancer, and in modifying cardiovascular risk factors in breast cancer survivors. There is growing evidence indicating that the primary mechanism for this protective effect appears to be improved antioxidant capacity in the heart and vasculature and subsequent reduction of treatment-related oxidative stress in these structures. Further clinical research is needed to determine whether exercise is a feasible and effective nonpharmacological treatment to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in breast cancer survivors, to identify the cancer therapies for which it is effective, and to determine the optimal exercise dose. Safe and noninvasive measures that are sensitive to changes in cardiovascular function are required to answer these questions in patient populations. Cardiac strain, endothelial function, and cardiac biomarkers are suggested outcome measures for clinical research in this field.
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Fernandes AA, Faria TDO, Ribeiro Júnior RF, Costa GP, Marchezini B, Silveira EA, Angeli JK, Stefanon I, Vassallo DV, Lizardo JH. A single resistance exercise session improves myocardial contractility in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:813-21. [PMID: 26176315 PMCID: PMC4568809 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training evokes myocardial adaptation; however, the effects of a single
resistance exercise session on cardiac performance are poorly understood or
investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single resistance
exercise session on the myocardial contractility of spontaneously hypertensive rats
(SHRs). Male 3-month-old SHRs were divided into two groups: control (Ct) and exercise
(Ex). Control animals were submitted to sham exercise. Blood pressure was measured in
conscious rats before the exercise session to confirm the presence of arterial
hypertension. Ten minutes after the exercise session, the animals were anesthetized
and killed, and the hearts were removed. Cardiac contractility was evaluated in the
whole heart by the Langendorff technique and by isometric contractions of isolated
left ventricular papillary muscles. SERCA2a, phospholamban (PLB), and phosphorylated
PLB expression were investigated by Western blot. Exercise increased force
development of isolated papillary muscles (Ex=1.0±0.1 g/mg vs
Ct=0.63±0.2 g/mg, P<0.05). Post-rest contraction was greater in the exercised
animals (Ex=4.1±0.4% vs Ct=1.7±0.2%, P<0.05). Papillary muscles
of exercised animals developed greater force under increasing isoproterenol
concentrations (P<0.05). In the isolated heart, exercise increased left
ventricular isovolumetric systolic pressure (LVISP; Δ +39 mmHg; P<0.05) from
baseline conditions. Hearts from the exercised rats presented a greater response to
increasing diastolic pressure. Positive inotropic intervention to calcium and
isoproterenol resulted in greater LVISP in exercised animals (P<0.05). The results
demonstrated that a single resistance exercise session improved myocardial
contractility in SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Fernandes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - T de O Faria
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - R F Ribeiro Júnior
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - G P Costa
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - B Marchezini
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - E A Silveira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - J K Angeli
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - I Stefanon
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - D V Vassallo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória, ES, BR
| | - J H Lizardo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, BR
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18
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Stammers AN, Susser SE, Hamm NC, Hlynsky MW, Kimber DE, Kehler DS, Duhamel TA. The regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium-ATPases (SERCA). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:843-54. [PMID: 25730320 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) is responsible for transporting calcium (Ca(2+)) from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) following muscular contraction. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA facilitates muscular relaxation in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. There are more than 10 distinct isoforms of SERCA expressed in different tissues. SERCA2a is the primary isoform expressed in cardiac tissue, whereas SERCA1a is the predominant isoform expressed in fast-twitch skeletal muscle. The Ca(2+) sequestering activity of SERCA is regulated at the level of protein content and is further modified by the endogenous proteins phospholamban (PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). Additionally, several novel mechanisms, including post-translational modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as integral regulators of Ca(2+) transport activity. These regulatory mechanisms are clinically relevant, as dysregulated SERCA function has been implicated in the pathology of several disease states, including heart failure. Currently, several clinical trials are underway that utilize novel therapeutic approaches to restore SERCA2a activity in humans. The purpose of this review is to examine the regulatory mechanisms of the SERCA pump, with a particular emphasis on the influence of exercise in preventing the pathological conditions associated with impaired SERCA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Stammers
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Shanel E Susser
- b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Naomi C Hamm
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Michael W Hlynsky
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Dustin E Kimber
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - D Scott Kehler
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- a Health, Leisure & Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology & Recreation Management, University of Manitoba.,b Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre.,c Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
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19
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mTOR and the health benefits of exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Echinochrome A regulates phosphorylation of phospholamban Ser16 and Thr17 suppressing cardiac SERCA2A Ca²⁺ reuptake. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:2151-63. [PMID: 25410495 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1648-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Echinochrome A (Ech A), a marine bio-product isolated from sea urchin eggs, is known to have cardioprotective effects through its strong antioxidant and ATP-sparing capabilities. However, the effects of Ech A on cardiac excitation-contraction (E-C) are not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ech A on cardiac contractility and Ca(2+) handling in the rat heart. In ex vivo Langendorff hearts, Ech A (3 μM) decreased left ventricular developing pressure to 77.7 ± 6.5 % of basal level. In isolated ventricular myocytes, Ech A reduced the fractional cell shortening from 3.4 % at baseline to 2.1 %. Ech A increased both diastolic and peak systolic intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i). However, the ratio of peak [Ca]i to resting [Ca]i was significantly decreased. Ech A did not affect the L-type Ca(2+) current. Inhibiting the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger with either NiCl2 or SEA400 did not affect the Ech A-dependent changes in Ca(2+) handling. Our data demonstrate that treatment with Ech A results in a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of phospholamban at both serine 16 and threonine 17 leading to a significant inhibition of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase 2A (SERCA2A) and subsequent reduced Ca(2+) uptake into the intracellular Ca(2+) store. Taken together, our data show that Ech A negatively regulates cardiac contractility by inhibiting SERCA2A activity, which leads to a reduction in internal Ca(2+) stores.
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Matsuo T, Saotome K, Seino S, Shimojo N, Matsushita A, Iemitsu M, Ohshima H, Tanaka K, Mukai C. Effects of a low-volume aerobic-type interval exercise on VO2max and cardiac mass. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:42-50. [PMID: 23846165 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3182a38da8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the effects of time-efficient, low-volume interval exercises on cardiorespiratory capacity and left ventricular (LV) mass with traditional continuous exercise in sedentary adults. METHODS Forty-two healthy but sedentary male subjects (age 26.5 ± 6.2 yr) participated in an 8-wk, five times per week, supervised exercise intervention. They were randomly assigned to one of three exercise protocols: sprint interval training (SIT, 5 min, 100 kcal), high-intensity interval aerobic training (HIAT, 13 min, 180 kcal), and continuous aerobic training (CAT, 40 min, 360 kcal). Cardiorespiratory capacity (V˙O2max) and LV mass (3T-MRI) were measured preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS We observed significant (P < 0.01) increases in V˙O2max in all three groups, and the effect of the HIAT was the greatest of the three (SIT, 16.7% ± 11.6%; HIAT, 22.5% ± 12.2%; CAT, 10.0% ± 8.9%; P = 0.01). There were significant changes in LV mass, stroke volume (SV), and resting HR in both the SIT (LV mass, 6.5% ± 8.3%; SV, 5.3% ± 8.3%; HR, -7.3% ± 11.1%; all P < 0.05) and HIAT (LV mass, 8.0% ± 8.3%; SV, 12.1% ± 9.8%; HR, -12.7% ± 12.2%; all P < 0.01) but not in the CAT (LV mass, 2.5% ± 10.1%; SV, 3.6% ± 6.6%; HR, -2.2% ± 13.3%; all P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that V˙O2max improvement with the HIAT was greater than with the CAT despite the HIAT being performed with a far lower volume and in far less time than the CAT. This suggests that the HIAT has potential as a time-efficient training mode to improve V˙O2max in sedentary adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Matsuo
- 1Space Biomedical Research Office, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo, JAPAN; 2Hazard Evaluation and Epidemiology Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, JAPAN; 3Center for Cybernics Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JAPAN; 4Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JAPAN; and 5Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, JAPAN
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22
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Abstract
Attenuating myostatin enhances striated muscle growth, reduces adiposity, and improves cardiac contractility. To determine whether myostatin influences tissue potency in a manner that could control such pleiotropic actions, we generated label-retaining mice with wild-type and mstn(-/-) (Jekyll) backgrounds in which slow-cycling stem, transit-amplifying, and progenitor cells are preferentially labeled by histone 2B/green fluorescent protein. Jekyll mice were born with fewer label-retaining cells (LRCs) in muscle and heart, consistent with increased stem/progenitor cell contributions to embryonic growth of both tissues. Cardiac LRC recruitment from noncardiac sources occurred in both groups, but lasted longer in Jekyll hearts, whereas heightened β-adrenergic sensitivity of mstn(-/-) hearts was explained by elevated SERCA2a, phospholamban, and β2-adrenergic receptor levels. Jekyll mice were also born with more adipose LRCs despite significantly smaller tissue weights. Reduced adiposity in mstn(-/-) animals is therefore due to reduced lipid deposition as adipoprogenitor pools appear to be enhanced. By contrast, increased bone densities of mstn(-/-) mice are likely compensatory to hypermuscularity because LRC counts were similar in Jekyll and wild-type tibia. Myostatin therefore significantly influences the potency of different tissues, not just muscle, as well as cardiac Ca²⁺-handling proteins. Thus, the pleiotropic phenotype of mstn(-/-) animals may not be due to enhanced muscle development per se, but also to altered stem/progenitor cell pools that ultimately influence tissue potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa F Jackson
- School of Molecular Biosciences (M.F.J., B.D.R.), Department of Animal Sciences (N.L., B.D.R.), Washington Center for Muscle Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
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23
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DE ROSSI GUILHERME, MATOS-SOUZA JOSÉR, COSTA E SILVA ANSELMODEA, CAMPOS LUISF, SANTOS LUIZG, AZEVEDO ELIZAR, ALONSO KARINAC, PAIM LAYDER, SCHREIBER ROBERTO, GORLA JOSÉI, CLIQUET ALBERTO, NADRUZ WILSON. Physical Activity and Improved Diastolic Function in Spinal Cord–Injured Subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 46:887-92. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Akasheva DU, Plokhova EV, Strazhesko ID, Dudinskaya EN, Tkacheva ON. HEART AND AGE (PART III): MODIFYING AGEING PROCESSES. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2013. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2013-5-91-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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25
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Dolinsky VW, Rogan KJ, Sung MM, Zordoky BN, Haykowsky MJ, Young ME, Jones LW, Dyck JRB. Both aerobic exercise and resveratrol supplementation attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 305:E243-53. [PMID: 23695218 PMCID: PMC4116416 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00044.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Because doxorubicin (DOX)-containing chemotherapy causes left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and remodeling that can progress to heart failure, strategies to alleviate DOX cardiotoxicity are necessary to improve health outcomes of patients surviving cancer. Although clinical evidence suggests that aerobic exercise training (ET) can prevent cardiotoxicity in patients undergoing DOX chemotherapy, the physiological mechanisms involved have not been extensively studied, nor is it known whether compounds [such as resveratrol (RESV)] have similar beneficial effects. With the use of a murine model of chronic DOX exposure, this study compared the efficacy of modest ET to RESV treatment on exercise performance, LV remodeling, and oxidative stress resistance. Mice were divided into four groups that received saline, DOX (8 mg/kg ip, one time per week), DOX + RESV (4 g/kg diet, ad libitum), and DOX + ET (45 min of treadmill exercise, 5 days/wk) for 8 wk. LV function and morphology were evaluated by in vivo echocardiography. DOX caused adverse LV remodeling that was partially attenuated by modest ET and completely prevented by RESV. These effects were paralleled by improvements in exercise performance. The cardioprotective properties of ET and RESV were associated with reduced levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and the lipid peroxidation by-product, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. In addition, ET and RESV increased the expression of cardiac sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2a, superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, and mitofusin-1 and -2 in mice administered DOX. Compared with modest ET, RESV more effectively prevented DOX-induced LV remodeling and was associated with the reduction of DOX-induced oxidative stress. Our findings have important implications for protecting patients against DOX-associated cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon W Dolinsky
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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26
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Carneiro-Júnior MA, Prímola-Gomes TN, Quintão-Júnior JF, Drummond LR, Lavorato VN, Drummond FR, Felix LB, Oliveira EM, Cruz JS, Natali AJ, Mill JG. Regional effects of low-intensity endurance training on structural and mechanical properties of rat ventricular myocytes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:107-15. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00041.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the effects of low-intensity endurance training (LIET) on the structural and mechanical properties of right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) myocytes. Male Wistar rats (4 mo old) were randomly divided into control (C, n = 7) and trained (T, n = 7, treadmill running at 50–60% of maximal running speed for 8 wk) groups. Isolated ventricular myocyte dimensions, contractility, Ca2+ transients {intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i)}, and ventricular [Ca2+]i regulatory proteins were measured. LIET augmented cell length (C, 152.5 ± 2.0 μm vs. T, 162.2 ± 2.1 μm; P < 0.05) and volume (C, 5,162 ± 131 μm3 vs. T, 5,506 ± 132 μm3; P < 0.05) in the LV but not in the RV. LIET increased cell shortening (C, 7.5 ± 0.3% vs. T, 8.6 ± 0.3%; P < 0.05), the [Ca2+]i transient amplitude (C, 2.49 ± 0.06 F/F0 vs. T, 2.82 ± 0.06 F/F0; P < 0.05), the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (C, 1.07 ± 0.13 vs. T, 1.59 ± 0.12; P < 0.05), and the levels of phosphorylated phospholamban at serine 16 (C, 0.99 ± 0.11 vs. T, 1.34 ± 0.10; P < 0.05), and reduced the total phospholamban-to-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a ratio (C, 1.19 ± 0.15 vs. T, 0.40 ± 0.16; P < 0.05) in the LV without changing such parameters in the RV. In conclusion, LIET affected the structure and improved the mechanical properties of LV but not of RV myocytes in rats, helping to characterize the functional and morphological changes that accompany the endurance training-induced cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thales Nicolau Prímola-Gomes
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Judson Fonseca Quintão-Júnior
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rios Drummond
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Victor Neiva Lavorato
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe Rios Drummond
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Bonato Felix
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Exercise, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Jader Santos Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Laboratory of Excitable Membranes and Cardiovascular Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Antonio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Exercise Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Geraldo Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Wehrens XHT, Chiang DY, Li N. Chronic exercise: a contributing factor to atrial fibrillation? J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:78-80. [PMID: 23583764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Carneiro-Júnior MA, Quintão-Júnior JF, Drummond LR, Lavorato VN, Drummond FR, da Cunha DNQ, Amadeu MA, Felix LB, de Oliveira EM, Cruz JS, Prímola-Gomes TN, Mill JG, Natali AJ. The benefits of endurance training in cardiomyocyte function in hypertensive rats are reversed within four weeks of detraining. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 57:119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Neuronal nitric oxide synthase is indispensable for the cardiac adaptive effects of exercise. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:332. [PMID: 23377961 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Exercise results in beneficial adaptations of the heart that can be directly observed at the ventricular myocyte level. However, the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for these adaptations are not well understood. Interestingly, signaling via neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) within myocytes results in similar effects as exercise. Thus, the objective was to define the role NOS1 plays in the exercise-induced beneficial contractile effects in myocytes. After an 8-week aerobic interval training program, exercise-trained (Ex) mice had higher VO(2max) and cardiac hypertrophy compared to sedentary (Sed) mice. Ventricular myocytes from Ex mice had increased NOS1 expression and nitric oxide production compared to myocytes from Sed mice. Remarkably, acute NOS1 inhibition normalized the enhanced contraction (shortening and Ca(2+) transients) in Ex myocytes to Sed levels. The NOS1 effect on contraction was mediated via greater Ca(2+) cycling that resulted from increased phospholamban phosphorylation. Intriguingly, a similar aerobic interval training program on NOS1 knockout mice failed to produce any beneficial cardiac adaptations (VO(2max), hypertrophy, and contraction). These data demonstrate that the beneficial cardiac adaptations observed after exercise training were mediated via enhanced NOS1 signaling. Therefore, it is likely that beneficial effects of exercise may be mimicked by the interventions that increase NOS1 signaling. This pathway may provide a potential novel therapeutic target in cardiac patients who are unable or unwilling to exercise.
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Hydock DS, Lien CY, Jensen BT, Parry TL, Schneider CM, Hayward R. Rehabilitative exercise in a rat model of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:1483-92. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2012.012137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of exercise to minimize doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity is gaining attention. However, very few clinically relevant reports exist investigating the effects of exercise performed during and following DOX treatments. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of voluntary wheel running during and following DOX treatment using two models of late-onset DOX cardiotoxicity in the rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received either DOX or saline injections using one of two separate treatment regimens. These regimens involved either daily or weekly DOX injections with cumulative doses for both protocols totaling 15 mg/kg. Daily DOX injections were 1 mg/kg and lasted for 15 consecutive days while weekly DOX injections were 2.5 mg/kg and lasted for six consecutive weeks with control animals receiving matched saline injection regimens. Immediately following the initial DOX/saline injection, animals were randomly housed in cages with voluntary running wheels or standard rat cages throughout DOX/saline treatments and continued until reaching 10 weeks. Cardiac function was then assessed using echocardiography and an isolated working heart model, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform distribution was assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When compared wth controls, daily DOX treatment resulted in reduced running wheel distances at weeks 2-10 (P < 0.05), and weekly DOX treatment resulted in reduced running wheel distances at weeks 2, 6 and 10 (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, wheel running during and following daily and weekly DOX dosing protected against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by preserving maximal mitral and aortic blood flow velocities, left ventricular developed pressure and MHC isoform expression. In conclusion, the overall reduced volume of activity during and following daily and weekly DOX treatments attenuated DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction suggesting that low-volume endurance training may be an effective rehabilitative approach in minimizing DOX cardiotoxicity in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Hydock
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Chia-Ying Lien
- Athletic Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Brock T Jensen
- Department of Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, PA 16057, USA
| | - Traci L Parry
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Carole M Schneider
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Reid Hayward
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Rehabilitation Institute, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard/MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Boston, MA
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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32
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Citrate synthase, sarcoplasmic reticular calcium ATPase, and choline acetyltransferase activities of specific pelvic floor muscles of the rabbit. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 370:1-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Zarain-Herzberg A, Estrada-Avilés R, Fragoso-Medina J. Regulation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and calsequestrin gene expression in the heart. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:1017-28. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The precise control of Ca2+levels during the contraction–relaxation cycle in cardiac myocytes is extremely important for normal beat-to-beat contractile activity. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a key role controlling calcium concentration in the cytosol. The SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) transports Ca2+inside the SR lumen during relaxation of the cardiac myocyte. Calsequestrin (Casq2) is the main protein in the SR lumen, functioning as a Ca2+buffer and participating in Ca2+release by interacting with the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) Ca2+-release channel. Alterations in normal Ca2+handling significantly contribute to the contractile dysfunction observed in cardiac hypertrophy and in heart failure. Transcriptional regulation of the SERCA2 gene has been extensively studied and some of the mechanisms regulating its expression have been elucidated. Overexpression of Sp1 factor in cardiac hypertrophy downregulates SERCA2 gene expression and increased levels of thyroid hormone up-regulates its transcription. Other hormones such norepinephrine, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, parathyroid hormone, prostaglandin-F2α, as well the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 also downregulate SERCA2 expression. Calcium acting through the calcineurin–NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway has been suggested to regulate SERCA2 and CASQ2 gene expression. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding transcriptional regulation of SERCA2 and CASQ2 genes in the normal and pathologic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Zarain-Herzberg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Estrada-Avilés
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge Fragoso-Medina
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of México, D.F. 04510, Mexico
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34
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Scott JM, Khakoo A, Mackey JR, Haykowsky MJ, Douglas PS, Jones LW. Modulation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity by aerobic exercise in breast cancer: current evidence and underlying mechanisms. Circulation 2012; 124:642-50. [PMID: 21810673 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.021774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Scott
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
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35
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Physical activity, adiponectin, and cardiovascular structure and function. Heart Vessels 2011; 28:91-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-011-0215-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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36
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Hafstad AD, Boardman NT, Lund J, Hagve M, Khalid AM, Wisløff U, Larsen TS, Aasum E. High intensity interval training alters substrate utilization and reduces oxygen consumption in the heart. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:1235-41. [PMID: 21836050 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00594.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS although exercise training induces hypertrophy with improved contractile function, the effect of exercise on myocardial substrate metabolism and cardiac efficiency is less clear. High intensity training has been shown to produce more profound effects on cardiovascular function and aerobic capacity than isocaloric low and moderate intensity training. The aim of the present study was to explore metabolic and mechanoenergetic changes in the heart following endurance exercise training of both high and moderate intensity. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 10 wk treadmill running, either high intensity interval training (HIT) or distance-matched moderate intensity training (MIT), where HIT led to a pronounced increase in maximal oxygen uptake. Although both modes of exercise were associated with a 10% increase in heart weight-to-body weight ratio, only HIT altered cardiac substrate utilization, as revealed by a 36% increase in glucose oxidation and a concomitant reduction in fatty acid oxidation. HIT also improved cardiac efficiency by decreasing work-independent myocardial oxygen consumption. In addition, it increased cardiac maximal mitochondrial respiratory capacity. CONCLUSION This study shows that high intensity training is required for induction of changes in cardiac substrate utilization and energetics, which may contribute to the superior effects of high compared with moderate intensity training in terms of increasing aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Hafstad
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Univ. of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Belke DD. Swim-exercised mice show a decreased level of protein O-GlcNAcylation and expression of O-GlcNAc transferase in heart. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:157-62. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00147.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Swim-training exercise in mice leads to cardiac remodeling associated with an improvement in contractile function. Protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAcylation) is a posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues capable of altering protein-protein interactions affecting gene transcription, cell signaling pathways, and general cell physiology. Increased levels of protein O-GlcNAcylation in the heart have been associated with pathological conditions such as diabetes, ischemia, and hypertrophic heart failure. In contrast, the impact of physiological exercise on protein O-GlcNAcylation in the heart is currently unknown. Swim-training exercise in mice was associated with the development of a physiological hypertrophy characterized by an improvement in contractile function relative to sedentary mice. General protein O-GlcNAcylation was significantly decreased in swim-exercised mice. This effect was mirrored in the level of O-GlcNAcylation of individual proteins such as SP1. The decrease in protein O-GlcNAcylation was associated with a decrease in the expression of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and glutamine-fructose amidotransferase (GFAT) 2 mRNA. O-GlcNAcase (OGA) activity was actually lower in swim-trained than sedentary hearts, suggesting that it did not contribute to the decreased protein O-GlcNAcylation. Thus it appears that exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy is associated with a decrease in protein O-GlcNAcylation, which could potentially contribute to changes in gene expression and other physiological changes associated with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrell D. Belke
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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38
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Støylen A, Conraads V, Halle M, Linke A, Prescott E, Ellingsen Ø. Controlled study of myocardial recovery after interval training in heart failure: SMARTEX-HF--rationale and design. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2011; 19:813-21. [PMID: 21450567 DOI: 10.1177/1741826711403252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large randomized controlled multicentre clinical trial, HF-ACTION, recently demonstrated that a programme of recommendation of regular exercise training at moderate intensity is safe, improves quality of life, and reduces the combined endpoint of all-cause death and hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure. However, the size of beneficial effects was modest compared to results published in smaller single studies and meta-analyses. OBJECTIVE Based on results of a pilot study, the objective of the present investigation is to test the hypothesis that a programme comprising interval training at high relative intensity would yield significantly larger effects in terms of left ventricular remodelling compared to moderate continuous exercise training. STUDY DESIGN In a three-armed randomized multicentre study of stable heart failure patients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, the effects of a 12-week programme of high-intensity interval training (HIT; 85-90% of peak oxygen uptake, VO(2peak)) will be compared to actual practice in Europe, represented by either an isocaloric programme of moderate continuous training (MCT; 50-60% of VO(2peak)) and a recommendation of regular exercise (RE) of the individual patients' own preference based on clinical practice at the local centre. The primary endpoint is reverse remodelling, defined as change in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter assessed by echocardiography. Secondary endpoints include peak oxygen uptake (VO(2peak)), biomarkers, quality of life, and level of physical activity assessed by questionnaires. In addition, long-term maintenance of effects after the supervised training period will be determined. Assessments will be made at baseline, after the 12-week intervention programme, and at 1-year follow up. A total number of 200 patients on treatment per protocol, randomized to the three groups in a 1 : 1 : 1 manner, is estimated to detect clinically relevant differences in effect with HIT vs. MCT and RE (p < 0.05; statistical power 0.90) for the primary endpoint. Inclusion of patients started May 2009 and will run until total number has been reached.
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Ericsson M, Sjåland C, Andersson KB, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Sejersted OM, Ellingsen Ø. Exercise training before cardiac-specific Serca2 disruption attenuates the decline in cardiac function in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 109:1749-55. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00282.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, function of the sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) is closely linked to contractility, cardiac function, and aerobic fitness. SERCA2 function can be increased by high-intensity interval training, whereas reduced SERCA2 abundance is associated with impaired cardiac function. The working hypothesis was, therefore, that exercise training before cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of the Serca2 gene would delay the onset of cardiac dysfunction in mice. Before Serca2 gene disruption by tamoxifen, untreated SERCA2 knockout mice ( Serca2flox/flox Tg-αMHC-MerCreMer; S2KO), and SERCA2 FF control mice ( Serca2flox/flox, S2FF) were exercise trained by high-intensity interval treadmill running for 6 wk. Both genotypes responded to training, with comparable increases in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max; 17%), left ventricle weight (15%), and maximal running speed (40%). After exercise training, cardiac-specific Serca2 gene disruption was induced in both exercise trained and sedentary S2KO mice. In trained S2KO, cardiac function decreased less rapidly than in sedentary S2KO. V̇o2max remained higher in trained S2KO the first 15 days after gene disruption. Six weeks after Serca2 disruption, cardiac output was higher in trained compared with sedentary S2KO mice. An exercise-training program attenuates the decline in cardiac performance induced by acute cardiac Serca2 gene disruption, indicating that mechanisms other than SERCA2 contribute to the favorable effect of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelene Ericsson
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
| | - Cecilie Sjåland
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Kristin B. Andersson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Ole M. Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo; and
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Kemi OJ, Wisløff U. Mechanisms of exercise-induced improvements in the contractile apparatus of the mammalian myocardium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2010; 199:425-39. [PMID: 20353489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the main outcomes of aerobic endurance exercise training is the improved maximal oxygen uptake, and this is pivotal to the improved work capacity that follows the exercise training. Improved maximal oxygen uptake in turn is at least partly achieved because exercise training increases the ability of the myocardium to produce a greater cardiac output. In healthy subjects, this has been demonstrated repeatedly over many decades. It has recently emerged that this scenario may also be true under conditions of an initial myocardial dysfunction. For instance, myocardial improvements may still be observed after exercise training in post-myocardial infarction heart failure. In both health and disease, it is the changes that occur in the individual cardiomyocytes with respect to their ability to contract that by and large drive the exercise training-induced adaptation to the heart. Here, we review the evidence and the mechanisms by which exercise training induces beneficial changes in the mammalian myocardium, as obtained by means of experimental and clinical studies, and argue that these changes ultimately alter the function of the whole heart and contribute to the changes in whole-body function.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Kemi
- Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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41
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Riggs CE, Michaelides MA, Parpa KM, Smith-Blair NJ. The effects of aerobic interval training on the left ventricular morphology and function of VLCAD-deficient mice. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 110:915-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ericsson M, Andersson KB, Amundsen BH, Torp SH, Sjaastad I, Christensen G, Sejersted OM, Ellingsen Ø. High-intensity exercise training in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of Serca2. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:1311-20. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01133.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence indicate that the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum ATPase type 2 (SERCA2) is essential for maintaining myocardial calcium handling and cardiac pump function. Hence, a reduction in SERCA2 abundance is expected to reduce work performance and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) and to limit the response to exercise training. To test this hypothesis, we compared V̇o2max and exercise capacity in mice with cardiac disruption of Serca2 (SERCA2 KO) with control mice (SERCA2 FF). We also determined whether the effects on V̇o2max and exercise capacity could be modified by high-intensity aerobic exercise training. Treadmill running at 85–90% of V̇o2max started 2 wk after Serca2 gene disruption and continued for 4 wk. V̇o2max and maximal running speed were measured weekly in a metabolic chamber. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography during light anesthesia. In sedentary SERCA2 KO mice, the aerobic capacity was reduced by 50% and running speed by 28%, whereas trained SERCA2 KO mice were able to maintain maximal running speed despite a 36% decrease in V̇o2max. In SERCA2 FF mice, both V̇o2max and maximal running speed increased by training, while no changes occurred in the sedentary group. Left ventricle dimensions remained unchanged by training in both genotypes. In contrast, training induced right ventricle hypertrophy in SERCA2 KO mice. In conclusion, the SERCA2 protein is essential for sustaining cardiac pump function and exercise capacity. Nevertheless, SERCA2 KO mice were able to maintain maximal running speed in response to exercise training despite a large decrease in V̇o2max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelene Ericsson
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
| | - Kristin B. Andersson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Brage H. Amundsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre H. Torp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Health and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
- Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo; and
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Ole M. Sejersted
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevaal, Oslo
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological studies of long-term cardiovascular adaptation to exercise require adequate testing procedures to quantify the outcome. Such test procedures are well established in rats and mice. However, the use of these species may have limitations, and to study several physiological parameters mimicking 'the human adaptation' larger animal models may be preferable. Here, we established a valid and reproducible exercise test protocol for measuring maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in rabbits. METHODS AND RESULTS The VO2max protocol was studied in six adult female New Zealand White rabbits running on a treadmill at inclinations ranging from 0 to 20 degrees. VO2max was reached at all inclinations indicating that the rabbits reach exhaustion independent of inclination. Average VO2max for test and retest were 35.1+/-4.2 and 35.8+/-4.0 ml/kg per min, respectively. Oxygen uptake and heart rate increased linearly with increased running speed. Average running speed at VO2max was 0.51+/-0.09 m/s, and there was an increase oxygen pulse up to the intensity corresponding to VO2max, where it leveled off and declined. CONCLUSION This study shows that rabbit is a suitable species for studying responses to training and could be of great importance for showing novel cellular cardiac adaptations to training.
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Pathological and physiological hypertrophies are regulated by distinct gene programs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:690-7. [PMID: 19809332 DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e32833158a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate changes that occur during progression and establishment of physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy, by microarray technology and functional annotations. DESIGN AND METHODS Myocardial infarction leading to heart failure was induced in rats, with animals killed 1, 3, 7, 14, 42, and 92 days after coronary artery ligation. A second group was subjected to daily treadmill exercise and killed 1, 4, 24, and 48 h after a single exercise bout, or after 28 or 56 days of exercise training. RESULTS Physiological hypertrophy was associated with less transcriptional alternation than pathological hypertrophy, indicating that posttranscriptional and translational regulation may be more important. The main difference between the two types of hypertrophy was that myocardial infarction was associated with downregulation of genes related to fatty acid metabolism, whereas no such change occurred after exercise training. Thus, fatty acid metabolism may distinguish adverse maladaptive hypertrophy from beneficial adaptive hypertrophy. CONCLUSION This study points to specific genes and gene classes related to biological processes that may be important in these well-characterized rat models of physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
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Abstract
We hypothesized that high-intensity aerobic interval training results in a greater beneficial adaptation of the heart compared with that observed after low-to-moderate exercise intensity. This is supported by recent epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of myocardial adaptation to exercise training are discussed in this review.
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Oliveira RSF, Ferreira JCB, Gomes ERM, Paixão NA, Rolim NPL, Medeiros A, Guatimosim S, Brum PC. Cardiac anti-remodelling effect of aerobic training is associated with a reduction in the calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway in heart failure mice. J Physiol 2009; 587:3899-910. [PMID: 19505981 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.173948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy occurs in response to a variety of physiological and pathological stimuli. While pathological hypertrophy in heart failure is usually coupled with depressed contractile function, physiological hypertrophy associates with increased contractility. In the present study, we explored whether 8 weeks of moderate intensity exercise training would lead to a cardiac anti-remodelling effect in an experimental model of heart failure associated with a deactivation of a pathological (calcineurin/NFAT, CaMKII/HDAC) or activation of a physiological (Akt-mTOR) hypertrophy signalling pathway. The cardiac dysfunction, exercise intolerance, left ventricle dilatation, increased heart weight and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy from mice lacking alpha(2A) and alpha(2C) adrenoceptors (alpha(2A)/alpha(2C)ARKO mice) were associated with sympathetic hyperactivity induced heart failure. The relative contribution of Ca(2+)-calmodulin high-affinity (calcineurin/NFAT) and low-affinity (CaMKII/HDAC) targets to pathological hypertrophy of alpha(2A)/alpha(2C)ARKO mice was verified. While nuclear calcineurin B, NFATc3 and GATA-4 translocation were significantly increased in alpha(2A)/alpha(2C)ARKO mice, no changes were observed in CaMKII/HDAC activation. As expected, cyclosporine treatment decreased nuclear translocation of calcineurin/NFAT in alpha(2A)/alpha(2C)ARKO mice, which was associated with improved ventricular function and a pronounced anti-remodelling effect. The Akt/mTOR signalling pathway was not activated in alpha(2A)/alpha(2C)ARKO mice. Exercise training improved cardiac function and exercise capacity in alpha(2A)/alpha(2C)ARKO mice and decreased heart weight and cardiomyocyte width paralleled by diminished nuclear NFATc3 and GATA-4 translocation as well as GATA-4 expression levels. When combined, these findings support the notion that deactivation of calcineurin/NFAT pathway-induced pathological hypertrophy is a preferential mechanism by which exercise training leads to the cardiac anti-remodelling effect in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S F Oliveira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Jiao Q, Bai Y, Akaike T, Takeshima H, Ishikawa Y, Minamisawa S. Sarcalumenin is essential for maintaining cardiac function during endurance exercise training. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H576-82. [PMID: 19502553 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00946.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcalumenin (SAR), a Ca(2+)-binding protein located in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), regulates Ca(2+) reuptake into the SR by interacting with cardiac sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a). We have previously demonstrated that SAR deficiency induced progressive heart failure in response to pressure overload, despite mild cardiac dysfunction in sham-operated SAR knockout (SARKO) mice (26). Since responses to physiological stresses often differ from those to pathological stresses, we examined the effects of endurance exercise on cardiac function in SARKO mice. Wild-type (WT) and SARKO mice were subjected to endurance treadmill exercise training ( approximately 65% of maximal exercise ability for 60 min/day) for 12 wk. After exercise training, maximal exercise ability was significantly increased by 5% in WT mice (n = 6), whereas it was significantly decreased by 37% in SARKO mice (n = 5). Cardiac function assessed by echocardiographic examination was significantly decreased in accordance with upregulation of biomarkers of cardiac stress in SARKO mice after training. After training, expression levels of SERCA2a protein were significantly downregulated by 30% in SARKO hearts, whereas they were significantly upregulated by 59% in WT hearts. Consequently, SERCA2 activity was significantly decreased in SARKO hearts after training. Furthermore, the expression levels of other Ca(2+)-handling proteins, including phospholamban, ryanodine receptor 2, calsequestrin 2, and sodium/calcium exchanger 1, were significantly decreased in SARKO hearts after training. These results indicate that SAR plays a critical role in maintaining cardiac function under physiological stresses, such as endurance exercise, by regulating Ca(2+) transport activity into the SR. SAR may be a primary target for exercise-related adaptation of the Ca(2+) storage system in the SR to preserve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Jiao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008; 115:283-93. [PMID: 18338980 DOI: 10.1042/cs20070332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Regular exercise training is recognized as a powerful tool to improve work capacity, endothelial function and the cardiovascular risk profile in obesity, but it is unknown which of high-intensity aerobic exercise, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise or strength training is the optimal mode of exercise. In the present study, a total of 40 subjects were randomized to high-intensity interval aerobic training, continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training or maximal strength training programmes for 12 weeks, three times/week. The high-intensity group performed aerobic interval walking/running at 85-95% of maximal heart rate, whereas the moderate-intensity group exercised continuously at 60-70% of maximal heart rate; protocols were isocaloric. The strength training group performed 'high-intensity' leg press, abdominal and back strength training. Maximal oxygen uptake and endothelial function improved in all groups; the greatest improvement was observed after high-intensity training, and an equal improvement was observed after moderate-intensity aerobic training and strength training. High-intensity aerobic training and strength training were associated with increased PGC-1alpha (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1alpha) levels and improved Ca(2+) transport in the skeletal muscle, whereas only strength training improved antioxidant status. Both strength training and moderate-intensity aerobic training decreased oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels. Only aerobic training decreased body weight and diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, high-intensity aerobic interval training was better than moderate-intensity aerobic training in improving aerobic work capacity and endothelial function. An important contribution towards improved aerobic work capacity, endothelial function and cardiovascular health originates from strength training, which may serve as a substitute when whole-body aerobic exercise is contra-indicated or difficult to perform.
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Haram PM, Kemi OJ, Lee SJ, Bendheim MØ, Al-Share QY, Waldum HL, Gilligan LJ, Koch LG, Britton SL, Najjar SM, Wisløff U. Aerobic interval training vs. continuous moderate exercise in the metabolic syndrome of rats artificially selected for low aerobic capacity. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:723-32. [PMID: 19047339 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The recent development of a rat model that closely resembles the metabolic syndrome allows to study the mechanisms of amelioration of the syndrome by exercise training. Here, we compared the effectiveness for reducing cardiovascular risk factors by exercise training programmes of different exercise intensities. METHODS AND RESULTS Metabolic syndrome rats were subjected to either continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) or high-intensity aerobic interval training (AIT). AIT was more effective than CME at reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors linked to the metabolic syndrome. Thus, AIT produced a larger stimulus than CME for increasing maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max); 45 vs. 10%, P < 0.01), reducing hypertension (20 vs. 6 mmHg, P < 0.01), HDL cholesterol (25 vs. 0%, P < 0.05), and beneficially altering metabolism in fat, liver, and skeletal muscle tissues. Moreover, AIT had a greater beneficial effect than CME on sensitivity of aorta ring segments to acetylcholine (2.7- vs. 2.0-fold, P < 0.01), partly because of intensity-dependent effects on expression levels of nitric oxide synthase and the density of caveolae, and a greater effect than CME on the skeletal muscle Ca2+ handling (50 vs. 0%, P < 0.05). The two exercise training programmes, however, were equally effective at reducing body weight and fat content. CONCLUSION High-intensity exercise training was more beneficial than moderate-intensity exercise training for reducing cardiovascular risk in rats with the metabolic syndrome. This was linked to more superior effects on VO(2max), endothelial function, blood pressure, and metabolic parameters in several tissues. These results demonstrate that exercise training reduces the impact of the metabolic syndrome and that the magnitude of the effect depends on exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Magnus Haram
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Medical Technology Research Centre, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway
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Tjønna AE, Lee SJ, Rognmo Ø, Stølen TO, Bye A, Haram PM, Loennechen JP, Al-Share QY, Skogvoll E, Slørdahl SA, Kemi OJ, Najjar SM, Wisløff U. Aerobic interval training versus continuous moderate exercise as a treatment for the metabolic syndrome: a pilot study. Circulation 2008; 118:346-54. [PMID: 18606913 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.772822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 773] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with the metabolic syndrome are 3 times more likely to die of heart disease than healthy counterparts. Exercise training reduces several of the symptoms of the syndrome, but the exercise intensity that yields the maximal beneficial adaptations is in dispute. We compared moderate and high exercise intensity with regard to variables associated with cardiovascular function and prognosis in patients with the metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two metabolic syndrome patients (age, 52.3+/-3.7 years; maximal oxygen uptake [o(2)max], 34 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) were randomized to equal volumes of either moderate continuous moderate exercise (CME; 70% of highest measured heart rate [Hfmax]) or aerobic interval training (AIT; 90% of Hfmax) 3 times a week for 16 weeks or to a control group. o(2)max increased more after AIT than CME (35% versus 16%; P<0.01) and was associated with removal of more risk factors that constitute the metabolic syndrome (number of factors: AIT, 5.9 before versus 4.0 after; P<0.01; CME, 5.7 before versus 5.0 after; group difference, P<0.05). AIT was superior to CME in enhancing endothelial function (9% versus 5%; P<0.001), insulin signaling in fat and skeletal muscle, skeletal muscle biogenesis, and excitation-contraction coupling and in reducing blood glucose and lipogenesis in adipose tissue. The 2 exercise programs were equally effective at lowering mean arterial blood pressure and reducing body weight (-2.3 and -3.6 kg in AIT and CME, respectively) and fat. CONCLUSIONS Exercise intensity was an important factor for improving aerobic capacity and reversing the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. These findings may have important implications for exercise training in rehabilitation programs and future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnt Erik Tjønna
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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