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Raneri S, Gianoncelli A, Bonanni V, Mirata S, Scarfì S, Fornasini L, Bersani D, Baroni D, Picco C, Gualtieri AF. The influence of cation exchange on the possible mechanism of erionite toxicity: A synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence study on THP-1-derived macrophages exposed to erionite-Na. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118878. [PMID: 38582417 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Fibrous erionite is the only zeolite classified as Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Carcinogenesis induced by erionite is thought to involve several factors as biopersistence, the iron role and cation exchange processes. To better understand these mechanisms, a detailed investigation at the micro scale was performed, collecting elemental information on iron and cation release and their distribution in biological systems by synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence mapping (SR-micro-XRF) and synchrotron micro-X-ray absorption spectroscopy (SR-micro-XANES) at the TwinMic beamline (Elettra synchrotron) and at the ID21 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). By microscopy and chemical mapping, highly detailed maps of the chemical and morphological interaction of biological systems with fibres could be produced. In detail, THP-1 cell line derived macrophages, used as in vitro model, were analysed during erionite-Na phagocytosis at different time intervals, after single dose exposure. For comparison, cellular fluorescent probes were also used to evaluate the intracellular free sodium and calcium concentrations. Synchrotron analyses visualised the spatial distribution of both fibre and mineral particle associated metals during the phagocytosis, describing the mechanism of internalisation of erionite-Na and its accessory mineral phases. The intracellular distribution of metals and other cations was mapped to evaluate metal release, speciation changes and/or cation exchange during phagocytosis. The fluorescent probes complemented microchemical data clarifying, and confirming, the cation distribution observed in the SR-micro-XRF maps. The significant cytoplasmic calcium decrease, and the concomitant sodium increase, after the fibre phagocytosis seemed due to activation of plasma membrane cations exchangers triggered by the internalisation while, surprisingly, the ion-exchange capacity of erionite-Na could play a minor role in the disruption of the two cations intracellular homeostasis. These results help to elucidate the role of cations in the toxicity of erionite-treated THP-1 macrophages and add knowledge to its carcinogenicity process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Raneri
- CNR-ICCOM, National Research Council, Institute of Chemistry and OrganoMetallic Compounds, Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonanni
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Mirata
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Sonia Scarfì
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Laura Fornasini
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Danilo Bersani
- Department of Mathematical, Physical and Computer Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Debora Baroni
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Via De Marini 6, 15149, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristiana Picco
- Istituto di Biofisica, CNR, Via De Marini 6, 15149, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessandro F Gualtieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
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Copeland-Hardin L, Paunesku T, Murley JS, Crentsil J, Antipova O, Li L, Maxey E, Jin Q, Hooper D, Lai B, Chen S, Woloschak GE. Proof of principle study: synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy for identification of previously radioactive microparticles and elemental mapping of FFPE tissues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7806. [PMID: 37179410 PMCID: PMC10183016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobanks containing formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from animals and human atomic-bomb survivors exposed to radioactive particulates remain a vital resource for understanding the molecular effects of radiation exposure. These samples are often decades old and prepared using harsh fixation processes which limit sample imaging options. Optical imaging of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained tissues may be the only feasible processing option, however, H&E images provide no information about radioactive microparticles or radioactive history. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) is a robust, non-destructive, semi-quantitative technique for elemental mapping and identifying candidate chemical element biomarkers in FFPE tissues. Still, XFM has never been used to uncover distribution of formerly radioactive micro-particulates in FFPE canine specimens collected more than 30 years ago. In this work, we demonstrate the first use of low-, medium-, and high-resolution XFM to generate 2D elemental maps of ~ 35-year-old, canine FFPE lung and lymph node specimens stored in the Northwestern University Radiobiology Archive documenting distribution of formerly radioactive micro-particulates. Additionally, we use XFM to identify individual microparticles and detect daughter products of radioactive decay. The results of this proof-of-principle study support the use of XFM to map chemical element composition in historic FFPE specimens and conduct radioactive micro-particulate forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letonia Copeland-Hardin
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Murley
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jasson Crentsil
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Olga Antipova
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - LuXi Li
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Evan Maxey
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Qiaoling Jin
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - David Hooper
- Nuclear Nonproliferation Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-713, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Pascolo L, Pachetti M, Camillo A, Cernogoraz A, Rizzardi C, Mikus KV, Zanconati F, Salomé M, Suárez VT, Romano F, Zito G, Gianoncelli A, Ricci G. Detention and mapping of iron and toxic environmental elements in human ovarian endometriosis: A suggested combined role. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161028. [PMID: 36549535 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a disease affecting 10-15 % of women worldwide, consisting in the ectopic growth of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity. Whist the pathogenetic mechanisms of endometriosis remain elusive and contemplating even environmental causes, iron deposits are common in endometrial lesions, indicating an altered iron metabolism at this level. This study was undertaken to reveal a possible relationship between iron dysmetabolism and accumulation of environmental metals. METHODS By combining histological and histochemical analysis (H&E and Perl's staining) with μ- and nano- synchrotron-based (SR-based) X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) microscopy, we investigated the distribution of iron and other elements in the ovarian endometriomas of 12 endometriosis patients and in 7 healthy endometrium samples. RESULTS XRF microscopy expanded the findings obtained by Perl's staining, revealing with an exceptional sensitivity intracellular features of iron accumulation in the epithelial endometrium, stroma and macrophages of the endometriotic lesions. XRF evidenced that iron was specifically accumulated in multiple micro aggregates, reaching concentrations up to 10-20 % p/p. Moreover, by XRF analysis we revealed for the first time the retention of a number of exogenous and potentially toxic metals such as Pb, Br, Ti, Al Cr, Si and Rb partially or totally co-localizing with iron. CONCLUSION μXRF reveals accumulation and colocalization of iron and environmental metals in human ovarian endometriosis, suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorella Pascolo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Maria Pachetti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Camillo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Alice Cernogoraz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, F. Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Clara Rizzardi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Katarina Vogel Mikus
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Slovenia Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Murielle Salomé
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriella Zito
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra, Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Merolle L, Pascolo L, Zupin L, Parisse P, Bonanni V, Gariani G, Kenig S, Bedolla DE, Crovella S, Ricci G, Iotti S, Malucelli E, Kourousias G, Gianoncelli A. Impact of Sample Preparation Methods on Single-Cell X-ray Microscopy and Light Elemental Analysis Evaluated by Combined Low Energy X-ray Fluorescence, STXM and AFM. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041992. [PMID: 36838979 PMCID: PMC9962160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although X-ray fluorescence microscopy is becoming a widely used technique for single-cell analysis, sample preparation for this microscopy remains one of the main challenges in obtaining optimal conditions for the measurements in the X-ray regime. The information available to researchers on sample treatment is inadequate and unclear, sometimes leading to wasted time and jeopardizing the experiment's success. Many cell fixation methods have been described, but none of them have been systematically tested and declared the most suitable for synchrotron X-ray microscopy. METHODS The HEC-1-A endometrial cells, human spermatozoa, and human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells were fixed with organic solvents and cross-linking methods: 70% ethanol, 3.7%, and 2% paraformaldehyde; in addition, HEK-293 cells were subjected to methanol/ C3H6O treatment and cryofixation. Fixation methods were compared by coupling low-energy X-ray fluorescence with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and atomic force microscopy. RESULTS Organic solvents lead to greater dehydration of cells, which has the most significant effect on the distribution and depletion of diffusion elements. Paraformaldehyde provides robust and reproducible data. Finally, the cryofixed cells provide the best morphology and element content results. CONCLUSION Although cryofixation seems to be the most appropriate method as it allows for keeping cells closer to physiological conditions, it has some technical limitations. Paraformaldehyde, when used at the average concentration of 3.7%, is also an excellent alternative for X-ray microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Merolle
- AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Transfusion Medicine Unit, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Lorella Pascolo
- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luisa Zupin
- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pietro Parisse
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Bonanni
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gariani
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sasa Kenig
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Polje 42, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Diana E. Bedolla
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - George Kourousias
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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5
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Paunesku T, Gordon AC, White S, Harris K, Antipova O, Maxey E, Vogt S, Smith A, Daddario L, Procissi D, Larson A, Woloschak GE. Use of X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy for Studies on Research Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Public Health 2021; 9:711506. [PMID: 34490194 PMCID: PMC8417723 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.711506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: TheraSphere® microspheres containing yttrium 90Y are among many radioembolization agents used clinically to reduce liver tumor burden, and their effects on cancer volume reduction are well-established. At the same time, concerns about off target tissue injury often limit their use. Deeper investigation into tissue distribution and long-term impact of these microspheres could inform us about additional ways to use them in practice. Methods: Healthy rat liver and rabbit liver tumor samples from animals treated with TheraSpheres were sectioned and their elemental maps were generated by X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) synchrotron at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). Results: Elemental imaging allowed us to identify the presence and distribution of TheraSpheres in animal tissues without the need for additional sample manipulation or staining. Ionizing radiation produced by 90Y radioactive contaminants present in these microspheres makes processing TheraSphere treated samples complex. Accumulation of microspheres in macrophages was observed. Conclusions: This is the first study that used XFM to evaluate the location of microspheres and radionuclides in animal liver and tumor samples introduced through radioembolization. XFM has shown promise in expanding our understanding of radioembolization and could be used for investigation of human patient samples in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Paunesku
- Radiation Oncology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew C Gordon
- Radiology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sarah White
- Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Kathleen Harris
- Radiology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Olga Antipova
- X-Ray Sciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Evan Maxey
- X-Ray Sciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-Ray Sciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Anthony Smith
- Radiation Oncology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Luiza Daddario
- Radiation Oncology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniele Procissi
- Radiology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Larson
- Radiology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Radiation Oncology Department, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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Kumthekar P, Ko CH, Paunesku T, Dixit K, Sonabend AM, Bloch O, Tate M, Schwartz M, Zuckerman L, Lezon R, Lukas RV, Jovanovic B, McCortney K, Colman H, Chen S, Lai B, Antipova O, Deng J, Li L, Tommasini-Ghelfi S, Hurley LA, Unruh D, Sharma NV, Kandpal M, Kouri FM, Davuluri RV, Brat DJ, Muzzio M, Glass M, Vijayakumar V, Heidel J, Giles FJ, Adams AK, James CD, Woloschak GE, Horbinski C, Stegh AH. A first-in-human phase 0 clinical study of RNA interference-based spherical nucleic acids in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/584/eabb3945. [PMID: 33692132 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abb3945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most difficult cancers to effectively treat, in part because of the lack of precision therapies and limited therapeutic access to intracranial tumor sites due to the presence of the blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers. We have developed a precision medicine approach for GBM treatment that involves the use of brain-penetrant RNA interference-based spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), which consist of gold nanoparticle cores covalently conjugated with radially oriented and densely packed small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides. On the basis of previous preclinical evaluation, we conducted toxicology and toxicokinetic studies in nonhuman primates and a single-arm, open-label phase 0 first-in-human trial (NCT03020017) to determine safety, pharmacokinetics, intratumoral accumulation and gene-suppressive activity of systemically administered SNAs carrying siRNA specific for the GBM oncogene Bcl2Like12 (Bcl2L12). Patients with recurrent GBM were treated with intravenous administration of siBcl2L12-SNAs (drug moniker: NU-0129), at a dose corresponding to 1/50th of the no-observed-adverse-event level, followed by tumor resection. Safety assessment revealed no grade 4 or 5 treatment-related toxicities. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, x-ray fluorescence microscopy, and silver staining of resected GBM tissue demonstrated that intravenously administered SNAs reached patient tumors, with gold enrichment observed in the tumor-associated endothelium, macrophages, and tumor cells. NU-0129 uptake into glioma cells correlated with a reduction in tumor-associated Bcl2L12 protein expression, as indicated by comparison of matched primary tumor and NU-0129-treated recurrent tumor. Our results establish SNA nanoconjugates as a potential brain-penetrant precision medicine approach for the systemic treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kumthekar
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Caroline H Ko
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Karan Dixit
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Adam M Sonabend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Orin Bloch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew Tate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Margaret Schwartz
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Laura Zuckerman
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ray Lezon
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Borko Jovanovic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Howard Colman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Olga Antipova
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Junjing Deng
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Luxi Li
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Serena Tommasini-Ghelfi
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lisa A Hurley
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nitya V Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Manoj Kandpal
- Preventive Medicine, Health and Biomedical Informatics, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Fotini M Kouri
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ramana V Davuluri
- Preventive Medicine, Health and Biomedical Informatics, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Miguel Muzzio
- Life Sciences Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | | | | | | | - Francis J Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program of the Division of Hematology Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ann K Adams
- Office for Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alexander H Stegh
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, The Northwestern Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. .,International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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7
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Schiroli D, Marraccini C, Zanetti E, Ragazzi M, Gianoncelli A, Quartieri E, Gasparini E, Iotti S, Baricchi R, Merolle L. Imbalance of Mg Homeostasis as a Potential Biomarker in Colon Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11040727. [PMID: 33923883 PMCID: PMC8073761 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidences support a correlation between magnesium (Mg) homeostasis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the role of Mg and its transporters as diagnostic markers in CRC is still a matter of debate. In this study we combined X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy and databases information to investigate the possible correlation between Mg imbalance and CRC. METHODS CRC tissue samples and their non-tumoural counterpart from four patients were collected and analysed for total Mg level and distribution by X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy. We also reviewed the scientific literature and the main tissue expression databases to collect data on Mg transporters expression in CRC. RESULTS We found a significantly higher content of total Mg in CRC samples when compared to non-tumoural tissues. Mg distribution was also impaired in CRC. Conversely, we evidenced an uncertain correlation between Mg transporters expression and colon malignancies. DISCUSSION Although further studies are necessary to determine the correlation between different cancer types and stages, this is the first report proposing the measurement of Mg tissue localisation as a marker in CRC. This study represents thus a proof-of-concept that paves the way for the design of a larger prospective investigation of Mg in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Schiroli
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Marraccini
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0522-295057
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.Z.); (M.R.)
| | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (E.Z.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Eleonora Quartieri
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Gasparini
- Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baricchi
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Lucia Merolle
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.S.); (E.Q.); (R.B.); (L.M.)
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8
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Single-cell visualization and quantification of trace metals in Chlamydomonas lysosome-related organelles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026811118. [PMID: 33879572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026811118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidocalcisome is an acidic organelle in the cytosol of eukaryotes, defined by its low pH and high calcium and polyphosphate content. It is visualized as an electron-dense object by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or described with mass spectrometry (MS)-based imaging techniques or multimodal X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) based on its unique elemental composition. Compared with MS-based imaging techniques, XFM offers the additional advantage of absolute quantification of trace metal content, since sectioning of the cell is not required and metabolic states can be preserved rapidly by either vitrification or chemical fixation. We employed XFM in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to determine single-cell and organelle trace metal quotas within algal cells in situations of trace metal overaccumulation (Fe and Cu). We found up to 70% of the cellular Cu and 80% of Fe sequestered in acidocalcisomes in these conditions and identified two distinct populations of acidocalcisomes, defined by their unique trace elemental makeup. We utilized the vtc1 mutant, defective in polyphosphate synthesis and failing to accumulate Ca, to show that Fe sequestration is not dependent on either. Finally, quantitation of the Fe and Cu contents of individual cells and compartments via XFM, over a range of cellular metal quotas created by nutritional and genetic perturbations, indicated excellent correlation with bulk data from corresponding cell cultures, establishing a framework to distinguish the nutritional status of single cells.
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9
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Bedolla DE, Birarda G, Giannotta S, Faoro V, Cescato A, Vaccari L, Gianoncelli A. Oxidation of ultralene and paraffin due to radiation damage after exposure to soft X-rays probed by FTIR microspectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:231-239. [PMID: 33399573 DOI: 10.1107/s160057752001471x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiation damage upon soft X-ray exposure is an important issue to be considered in soft X-ray microscopy. The work presented here is part of a more extended study on the topic and focuses on the effects of soft X-rays on paraffin, a common embedding medium for soft-tissues, and on ultralene and Si3N4 windows as sample supports. Our studies suggest that the sample environment indeed plays an important role in the radiation damage process and therefore should be carefully taken into account for the analysis and interpretation of new data. The radiation damage effects were followed over time using a combination of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and it was demonstrated that, for higher doses, an oxidation of both embedding medium and ultralene substrate takes place after the irradiated sample is exposed to air. This oxidation is reflected in a clear increase of C=O and O-H infrared bands and on the XRF oxygen maps, correlated with a decrease of the aliphatic infrared signal. The results also show that the oxidation process may affect quantitative evaluation of light element concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Bedolla
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S.14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S.14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Sabina Giannotta
- Laboratori Riuniti - Synlab, Via delle Mura 2, Trieste, TS 34121, Italy
| | - Valentina Faoro
- Laboratori Riuniti - Synlab, Via delle Mura 2, Trieste, TS 34121, Italy
| | - Alberto Cescato
- Laboratori Riuniti - Synlab, Via delle Mura 2, Trieste, TS 34121, Italy
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S.14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S.14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, TS 34149, Italy
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10
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Poropatich K, Paunesku T, Zander A, Wray B, Schipma M, Dalal P, Agulnik M, Chen S, Lai B, Antipova O, Maxey E, Brown K, Wanzer MB, Gursel D, Fan H, Rademaker A, Woloschak GE, Mittal BB. Elemental Zn and its Binding Protein Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein are Elevated in HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16965. [PMID: 31740720 PMCID: PMC6861298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is biologically distinct from HPV-negative HNSCC. Outside of HPV-status, few tumor-intrinsic variables have been identified that correlate to improved survival. As part of exploratory analysis into the trace elemental composition of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), we performed elemental quanitification by X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) on a small cohort (n = 32) of patients with HPV-positive and -negative OPSCC and identified in HPV-positive cases increased zinc (Zn) concentrations in tumor tissue relative to normal tissue. Subsequent immunohistochemistry of six Zn-binding proteins—zinc-α2-glycoprotein (AZGP1), Lipocalin-1, Albumin, S100A7, S100A8 and S100A9—revealed that only AZGP1 expression significantly correlated to HPV-status (p < 0.001) and was also increased in tumor relative to normal tissue from HPV-positive OPSCC tumor samples. AZGP1 protein expression in our cohort significantly correlated to a prolonged recurrence-free survival (p = 0.029), similar to HNSCC cases from the TCGA (n = 499), where highest AZGP1 mRNA levels correlated to improved overall survival (p = 0.023). By showing for the first time that HPV-positive OPSCC patients have increased intratumoral Zn levels and AZGP1 expression, we identify possible positive prognostic biomarkers in HNSCC as well as possible mechanisms of increased sensitivity to chemoradiation in HPV-positive OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Poropatich
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alia Zander
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Wray
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Schipma
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prarthana Dalal
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mark Agulnik
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Olga Antipova
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Evan Maxey
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Koshonna Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Beau Wanzer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Demirkan Gursel
- Northwestern University Pathology Core Facility, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hanli Fan
- Northwestern University Pathology Core Facility, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfred Rademaker
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bharat B Mittal
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Schofield PN, Kulka U, Tapio S, Grosche B. Big data in radiation biology and epidemiology; an overview of the historical and contemporary landscape of data and biomaterial archives. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:861-878. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N. Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- Bundesamt fuer Strahlenschutz, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Boice
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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13
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Popović J, Klajn A, Paunesku T, Ma Q, Chen S, Lai B, Stevanović M, Woloschak GE. Neuroprotective Role of Selected Antioxidant Agents in Preventing Cisplatin-Induced Damage of Human Neurons In Vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 39:619-636. [PMID: 30874981 PMCID: PMC6535150 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy and decreases the quality of life of cancer patients. We compared neuroprotective properties of several agents using an in vitro model of terminally differentiated human cells NT2-N derived from cell line NT2/D1. Sodium azide and an active metabolite of amifostine (WR1065) increase cell viability in simultaneous treatment with cisplatin. In addition, WR1065 protects the non-dividing neurons by decreasing cisplatin caused oxidative stress and apoptosis. Accumulation of Pt in cisplatin-treated cells was heterogeneous, but the frequency and concentration of Pt in cells were lowered in the presence of WR1065 as shown by X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). Transition metals accumulation accompanied Pt increase in cells; this effect was equally diminished in the presence of WR1065. To analyze possible chemical modulation of Pt-DNA bonds, we examined the platinum LIII near edge spectrum by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The spectrum found in cisplatin-DNA samples is altered differently by the addition of either WR1065 or sodium azide. Importantly, a similar change in Pt edge spectra was noted in cells treated with cisplatin and WR1065. Therefore, amifostine should be reconsidered as a candidate for treatments that reduce or prevent CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Popović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11010, Serbia
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Andrijana Klajn
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11010, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Paunesku
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- DND CAT, Northwestern Synchrotron Research Center at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Si Chen
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Barry Lai
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Milena Stevanović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11010, Serbia.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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14
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Boice JD, Leggett RW, Eckerman KF, Tolmachev SY, Woloschak GE, Golden AP, Ellis ED. Response to Mortazavi et al. on Detecting Bone-seeking Radionuclides in Brain Tissue. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:389-390. [PMID: 30045121 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John D Boice
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 7910 Woodmont Avenue Suite 400 Bethesda, MD 20814-3095 Vanderbilt University Department of Medicine Division of Epidemiology 2525 West End Avenue Nashville, TN 37203-1738 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Sciences Division, Building 1505 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038 Oak Ridge National Laboratory (retired) Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038 Washington State University U.S. Transuranium and Uranium Registries 1845 Terminal Drive, Suite 201 Richland, WA 99354-4959 Departments of Radiation Oncology Radiology, and Cell and Molecular Biology Northwestern University 300 E. Superior Street, Tarry 4-760 Chicago, IL 60611 Oak Ridge Associated Universities MC-210 100 ORAU Way Oak Ridge, TN 37830 Oak Ridge Associated Universities MC-210 100 ORAU Way Oak Ridge, TN 37830
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15
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Abstract
X-ray fluorescence-detected flow cytometry can enable the detection and characterization of ultra-trace, trace, and bulk elemental content at the cellular level using synchrotron-induced x-ray emission from fully aquated actively respiring cells. Although very much still a technique in development, this technique has been used to characterize cell-to-cell elemental variability in bovine red blood cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Herein we describe the experimental setup and the key methodological aspects of data collection and processing.
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16
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Lamart S, Miller BW, Van der Meeren A, Tazrart A, Angulo JF, Griffiths NM. Actinide bioimaging in tissues: Comparison of emulsion and solid track autoradiography techniques with the iQID camera. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186370. [PMID: 29023595 PMCID: PMC5638496 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a comparison of three autoradiography techniques for imaging biological samples contaminated with actinides: emulsion-based, plastic-based autoradiography and a quantitative digital technique, the iQID camera, based on the numerical analysis of light from a scintillator screen. In radiation toxicology it has been important to develop means of imaging actinide distribution in tissues as these radionuclides may be heterogeneously distributed within and between tissues after internal contamination. Actinide distribution determines which cells are exposed to alpha radiation and is thus potentially critical for assessing absorbed dose. The comparison was carried out by generating autoradiographs of the same biological samples contaminated with actinides with the three autoradiography techniques. These samples were cell preparations or tissue sections collected from animals contaminated with different physico-chemical forms of actinides. The autoradiograph characteristics and the performances of the techniques were evaluated and discussed mainly in terms of acquisition process, activity distribution patterns, spatial resolution and feasibility of activity quantification. The obtained autoradiographs presented similar actinide distribution at low magnification. Out of the three techniques, emulsion autoradiography is the only one to provide a highly-resolved image of the actinide distribution inherently superimposed on the biological sample. Emulsion autoradiography is hence best interpreted at higher magnifications. However, this technique is destructive for the biological sample. Both emulsion- and plastic-based autoradiography record alpha tracks and thus enabled the differentiation between ionized forms of actinides and oxide particles. This feature can help in the evaluation of decorporation therapy efficacy. The most recent technique, the iQID camera, presents several additional features: real-time imaging, separate imaging of alpha particles and gamma rays, and alpha activity quantification. The comparison of these three autoradiography techniques showed that they are complementary and the choice of the technique depends on the purpose of the imaging experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lamart
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian W. Miller
- College of Optical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Anne Van der Meeren
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
| | - Anissa Tazrart
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
| | - Jaime F. Angulo
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
| | - Nina M. Griffiths
- Laboratoire de RadioToxicologie, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Arpajon, France
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17
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Distribution of Iron Oxide Core-Titanium Dioxide Shell Nanoparticles in VX2 Tumor Bearing Rabbits Introduced by Two Different Delivery Modalities. NANOMATERIALS 2016; 6:nano6080143. [PMID: 28335271 PMCID: PMC5224625 DOI: 10.3390/nano6080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This work compares intravenous (IV) versus fluoroscopy-guided transarterial intra-catheter (IC) delivery of iron oxide core-titanium dioxide shell nanoparticles (NPs) in vivo in VX2 model of liver cancer in rabbits. NPs coated with glucose and decorated with a peptide sequence from cortactin were administered to animals with developed VX2 liver cancer. Two hours after NPs delivery tumors, normal liver, kidney, lung and spleen tissues were harvested and used for a series on histological and elemental analysis tests. Quantification of NPs in tissues was done both by bulk inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis and by hard X-ray fluorescence microscopy. Both IV and IC NPs injection are feasible modalities for delivering NPs to VX2 liver tumors with comparable tumor accumulation. It is possible that this is an outcome of the fact that VX2 tumors are highly vascularized and hemorrhagic, and therefore enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) plays the most significant role in accumulation of nanoparticles in tumor tissue. It is, however, interesting to note that IV delivery led to increased sequestration of NPs by spleen and normal liver tissue, while IC delivery lead to more NP positive Kupffer cells. This difference is most likely a direct outcome of blood flow dynamics. Armed with this knowledge about nanoparticle delivery, we plan to test them as radiosensitizers in the future.
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18
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Kujala N, Marathe S, Shu D, Shi B, Qian J, Maxey E, Finney L, Macrander A, Assoufid L. Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors to focus hard X-rays in two dimensions as fabricated, tested and installed at the Advanced Photon Source. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:662-668. [PMID: 24971959 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577514006493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The micro-focusing performance for hard X-rays of a fixed-geometry elliptical Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirrors assembly fabricated, tested and finally implemented at the micro-probe beamline 8-BM of the Advanced Photon Source is reported. Testing of the K-B mirror system was performed at the optics and detector test beamline 1-BM. K-B mirrors of length 80 mm and 60 mm were fabricated by profile coating with Pt metal to produce focal lengths of 250 mm and 155 mm for 3 mrad incident angle. For the critical angle of Pt, a broad bandwidth of energies up to 20 keV applies. The classical K-B sequential mirror geometry was used, and mirrors were mounted on micro-translation stages. The beam intensity profiles were measured by differentiating the curves of intensity data measured using a wire-scanning method. A beam size of 1.3 µm (V) and 1.2 µm (H) was measured with monochromatic X-rays of 18 keV at 1-BM. After installation at 8-BM the measured focus met the design requirements. In this paper the fabrication and metrology of the K-B mirrors are reported, as well as the focusing performances of the full mirrors-plus-mount set-up at both beamlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kujala
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Shashidhara Marathe
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Deming Shu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Bing Shi
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jun Qian
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Evan Maxey
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Lydia Finney
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Albert Macrander
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Lahsen Assoufid
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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19
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Nielsen CE, Wang X, Robinson RJ, Brooks AL, Lovaglio J, Patton KM, McComish SL, Tolmachev SY, Morgan WF. Carcinogenic and inflammatory effects of plutonium-nitrate retention in an exposed nuclear worker and beagle dogs. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 90:60-70. [PMID: 24279338 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.859765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plutonium-nitrate has a moderately rapid translocation rate from the lung to blood stream. Previous studies have shown an unexpected retention of soluble plutonium in the beagles and human case studied here. The inflammatory responses that may be associated with long-term exposure to ionizing radiation were characterized. These pathways include tissue injury, apoptosis, and gene expression modifications. Other protein modifications related to carcinogenesis and inflammation and the various factors that may play a role in orchestrating complex interactions which influence tissue integrity following irradiation were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We have examined numerous lung samples from a plutonium-exposed worker, a human control, and a variety of plutonium-exposed beagle dogs using immunohistochemistry and quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The exposed human showed interstitial fibrosis in peripheral regions of the lung, but no pulmonary tumors. Beagles with similar doses were diagnosed with tumors in bronchiolo-alveolar, peripheral and sub-pleural alveolar regions of the lung. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay showed an elevation of apoptosis in tracheal mucosa, tumor cells, and nuclear debris in the alveoli and lymph nodes of the beagles but not in the human case. In both the beagles and human there were statistically significant modifications in the expression of Fas ligand (FASLG), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and Caspase 3 (CASP3). CONCLUSIONS The data suggests that FASLG, BCL2, CASP3 and apoptosis play a role in the inflammatory responses following prolonged plutonium exposure. Utilizing these unique tissues revealed which pathways are triggered following the internal deposition and long-term retention of plutonium-nitrate in a human and a large animal model.
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20
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Nielsen CE, Wilson DA, Brooks AL, McCord SL, Dagle GE, James AC, Tolmachev SY, Thrall BD, Morgan WF. Microdistribution and long-term retention of 239Pu (NO3)4 in the respiratory tracts of an acutely exposed plutonium worker and experimental beagle dogs. Cancer Res 2012; 72:5529-36. [PMID: 22962267 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The long-term retention of inhaled soluble forms of plutonium raises concerns as to the potential health effects in persons working in nuclear energy or the nuclear weapons program. The distributions of long-term retained inhaled plutonium-nitrate [(239)Pu (NO(3))(4)] deposited in the lungs of an accidentally exposed nuclear worker (Human Case 0269) and in the lungs of experimentally exposed beagle dogs with varying initial lung depositions were determined via autoradiographs of selected histologic lung, lymph node, trachea, and nasal turbinate tissue sections. These studies showed that both the human and dogs had a nonuniform distribution of plutonium throughout the lung tissue. Fibrotic scar tissue effectively encapsulated a portion of the plutonium and prevented its clearance from the body or translocation to other tissues and diminished dose to organ parenchyma. Alpha radiation activity from deposited plutonium in Human Case 0269 was observed primarily along the subpleural regions while no alpha activity was seen in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes of this individual. However, relatively high activity levels in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes of the beagles indicated the lymphatic system was effective in clearing deposited plutonium from the lung tissues. In both the human case and beagle dogs, the appearance of retained plutonium within the respiratory tract was inconsistent with current biokinetic models of clearance for soluble forms of plutonium. Bound plutonium can have a marked effect on the dose to the lungs and subsequent radiation exposure has the potential to increase cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Nielsen
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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