1
|
Kang H, Park SK, Kim DH, Choi YH. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and age-related macular degeneration in U.S. middle-aged and older adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143167. [PMID: 39181460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite various health effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure, the association between PFAS exposure and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has not been investigated. We aimed to assess associations of PFAS exposure with AMD, using data from 1722 U.S. adults aged 40 years or more participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2008 with complete data on PFAS measurement, AMD diagnosis, and covariates. Serum concentrations of PFAS, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were measured. An overall PFAS burden score was calculated using item response theory scoring. Individual PFAS concentration and overall PFAS burden score were categorized into low (reference), medium, and high groups. Diagnosis of AMD was based on retinal image examination. Any AMD was defined as the presence of early or late AMD. Survey-weighted logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for presence of AMD according to PFAS exposure. Overall, 132 (6.5%) individuals were diagnosed as any AMD, including 115 (5.7%) individuals with early AMD. A significant dose-response association was observed between serum PFOS concentration and any AMD (p-trend = 0.03), with a significant OR of 1.99 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.79) for the high group compared to the reference. Overall PFAS burden showed a non-monotonic association with any AMD, with a significant OR of 2.18 (95% CI: 1.18, 4.04) for the medium. Inverted U-shaped associations were observed by restricted cubic spline analyses. Also, early AMD showed similar patterns in PFOS and overall PFAS burden and additionally an inverted U-shape association in PFNA. Our findings suggest that exposure to PFAS estimated by serum PFOS and PFNA as well as overall PFAS burden might be a risk factor for AMD in middle-aged and older population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habyeong Kang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng Z, Yu X. Insulin resistance in the retina: possible implications for certain ocular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1415521. [PMID: 38952394 PMCID: PMC11215121 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1415521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is becoming a worldwide medical and public health challenge as an increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated a strong relationship between IR and a higher incidence of several dramatically vision-threatening retinal diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma. In this review, we provide a schematic overview of the associations between IR and certain ocular diseases and further explore the possible mechanisms. Although the exact causes explaining these associations have not been fully elucidated, underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction, and neurodegenerative impairments may be involved. Given that IR is a modifiable risk factor, it may be important to identify patients at a high IR level with prompt treatment, which may decrease the risk of developing certain ocular diseases. Additionally, improving IR through the activation of insulin signaling pathways could become a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pai HL, Lin DPC, Chang HH. Current updates for hyperuricemia and gout in age-related macular degeneration. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23676. [PMID: 38783765 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400421r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of metabolic syndrome poses a significant public health challenge, particularly among aging populations, with metabolic dysfunctions contributing to pro-inflammatory states. In this review, we delved into the less recognized association between hyperuricemia (HUA), a manifestation of metabolic syndrome and a primary risk factor for gout, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a sight-threatening ailment predominantly affecting the elderly. In recent years, inflammation, particularly its involvement in complement pathway dysregulation, has gained prominence in AMD pathophysiology. The contradictory role of uric acid (UA) in intercellular and intracellular environments was discussed, highlighting its antioxidant properties in plasma and its pro-oxidant effects intracellularly. Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between elevated serum uric acid levels and choroid neovascularization in AMD, providing insights into the role of HUA in retinal pathologies. Various pathways, including crystal-induced and non-crystal-induced mechanisms, were proposed to indicate the need for further research into the precise molecular interactions. The implication of HUA in AMD underscores its potential involvement in retinal pathologies, which entails interdisciplinary collaboration for a comprehensive understanding of its impact on retina and related clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Liang Pai
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - David Pei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsin Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kang H, Kim DH, Choi YH. Elevated levels of serum per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in contact lens users of U.S. young adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141134. [PMID: 38184077 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite evidence indicating the presence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in contact lenses (CL), it remains unclear whether CL use increases PFAS exposure in the general population. We aimed to determine whether CL users have higher serum concentrations of PFAS than non-users, using data of 1660 adults aged 20-39 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and 2003-2008. We classified the individuals into CL users and non-users using the record of vision correction types during a vision test. Serum concentrations of six individual PFAS were measured, and the overall PFAS burden was calculated by item response theory scoring. Survey-weighted linear models were used to compare serum PFAS levels between CL users and non-users after adjusting for covariates. Distributions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations were compared with reference values (e.g., human biomonitoring [HBM]-II values) indicating potential for adverse health effects. Survey-weighted linear models revealed that covariate-adjusted serum PFOA concentration was higher in CL users (geometric mean [GM]: 3.68 ng/mL; 95% CI: 3.00, 4.50) than in non-users (GM: 3.27 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.81, 3.80; p = 0.02). Similarly, CL users had a significantly higher serum PFHxS concentration (GM: 1.58 ng/mL; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.20) than non-users (GM: 1.30 ng/mL; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.66; p = 0.03). CL users also had a significantly higher overall burden of PFAS than non-users. The differences in PFAS concentrations between CL users and non-users were more pronounced in females than in males. Moreover, a larger proportion of lens users (4.5%), compared to non-users (3.9%), had PFOA concentrations above the HBM-II, where adverse health effects are expected from PFOA exposure. This study suggests that CL use in general U.S. young adults may contribute significantly to PFAS body burden, which can potentially lead to public health problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habyeong Kang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, South Korea; School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, South Korea; School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chou HD, Hwang YS, Chen KJ, Wu WC, Liu L, Ou ST, Liao W, Wang CC, Lin T, Lai CC. Analysis of Retinol Binding Protein 4 and ABCA4 Gene Variation in Non-Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2411. [PMID: 37510153 PMCID: PMC10378304 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may be associated with ABCA4 variants and is characterized by the accumulation of visual cycle-byproduct lipofuscin. Reducing retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a retinol transporter protein, may reduce lipofuscin production. This study aims to assess the associations between plasma RBP4, the ABCA4 variation, and AMD severity. Sixty-seven participants were grouped into healthy/mild AMD (n = 32) and severe AMD (n = 35) groups. The latter group was older than the former group and had higher levels of RBP4 (36.8 ± 8.3 vs. 30.4 ± 7.0 μg/mL, p = 0.0012). The ten participants with six ABCA4 linked-variants had higher RBP4 than those without (37.8 ± 7.7 vs. 32.4 ± 7.9 μg/mL; p = 0.026), and eight of them had severe AMD. Univariate analyses showed that severe AMD was related to older age (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.40; p < 0.0001) and to higher RBP4 levels (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.20; p = 0.003), whereas the linked ABCA4 variants had no associations. After adjustment, however, only age remained significantly associated with severe AMD. This pilot study shows a trend of higher plasma RBP4 levels in severe AMD or the ABCA4-linked variants, and further age-matched studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Da Chou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Laura Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Tyan Ou
- Department of Statistics, National Taipei University, Taipei 22102, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Tom Lin
- Lin BioScience Inc., Taipei 11071, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chun Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204011, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhu Z, Liu D, Chen R, Hu W, Liao H, Kiburg K, Ha J, He S, Shang X, Huang Y, Wang W, Yu H, Yang X, He M. The Association of Retinal age gap with metabolic syndrome and inflammation. J Diabetes 2023; 15:237-245. [PMID: 36919192 PMCID: PMC10036256 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of cardiometabolic components, posing tremendous burdens in the aging society. Retinal age gap has been proposed as a robust biomarker associated with mortality and Parkinson's disease. Although MetS and chronic inflammation could accelerate the aging process and increase the risk of mortality, the association of the retinal age gap with MetS and inflammation has not been examined yet. METHODS Retinal age gap (retina-predicted age minus chronological age) was calculated using a deep learning model. MetS was defined as the presence of three or more of the following: central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia. Inflammation index was defined as a high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level above 3.0 mg/L. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of retinal age gaps with MetS and inflammation. RESULTS We found that retinal age gap was significantly associated with MetS and inflammation. Specifically, compared to participants with retinal age gaps in the lowest quartile, the risk of MetS was significantly increased by 10% and 14% for participants with retinal age gaps in the third and fourth quartile (odds ratio [OR]:1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01,1.21;, p = .030; OR: 1.14, 95% CI, 1.03,1.26; p = .012, respectively). Similar trends were identified for the risk of inflammation and combined MetS and inflammation. CONCLUSION We found that retinal age gaps were significantly associated with MetS as well as inflammation. Given the noninvasive and cost-effective nature and the efficacy of the retinal age gap, it has great potential to be used as a screening tool for MetS in large populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoting Zhu
- Department of OphthalmologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; OphthalmologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Ophthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Dan Liu
- Population Health SciencesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Ruiye Chen
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; OphthalmologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Ophthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Wenyi Hu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; OphthalmologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Ophthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Huan Liao
- Population Health SciencesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| | - Katerina Kiburg
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; OphthalmologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Jason Ha
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; OphthalmologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Shuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xianwen Shang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; OphthalmologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Ophthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of OphthalmologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Honghua Yu
- Department of OphthalmologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of OphthalmologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingguang He
- Department of OphthalmologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Centre for Eye Research Australia; OphthalmologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Ophthalmology, Department of SurgeryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
- Population Health SciencesGerman Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)BonnGermany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Askari S, Azizi F, Javadpour P, Karimi N, Ghasemi R. Endoplasmic reticulum stress as an underlying factor in leading causes of blindness and potential therapeutic effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid: from bench to bedside. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2145945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Askari
- Neuroscience Research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azizi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Karimi
- Eye and Skull Base Research Centers, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran5Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Blasiak J, Sobczuk P, Pawlowska E, Kaarniranta K. Interplay between aging and other factors of the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 81:101735. [PMID: 36113764 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disease with the retina as the target tissue and aging as per definition the most serious risk factor. However, the retina contains over 60 kinds of cells that form different structures, including the neuroretina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) which can age at different rates. Other established or putative AMD risk factors can differentially affect the neuroretina and RPE and can differently interplay with aging of these structures. The occurrence of β-amyloid plaques and increased levels of cholesterol in AMD retinas suggest that AMD may be a syndrome of accelerated brain aging. Therefore, the question about the real meaning of age in AMD is justified. In this review we present and update information on how aging may interplay with some aspects of AMD pathogenesis, such as oxidative stress, amyloid beta formation, circadian rhythm, metabolic aging and cellular senescence. Also, we show how this interplay can be specific for photoreceptors, microglia cells and RPE cells as well as in Bruch's membrane and the choroid. Therefore, the process of aging may differentially affect different retinal structures. As an accurate quantification of biological aging is important for risk stratification and early intervention for age-related diseases, the determination how photoreceptors, microglial and RPE cells age in AMD may be helpful for a precise diagnosis and treatment of this largely untreatable disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Piotr Sobczuk
- Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine Department, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-209 Lodz, Poland; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Rzgowska 281, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, KYS, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi EY, Kim M, Lee CS, Byeon SH, Kim SS, Lee M. Intermittent Fasting Is Associated With a Decreased Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 243:1-9. [PMID: 35809657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association between intermittent fasting and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the general older adult population. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using a population-based, government-led survey data, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). METHODS A total of 4504 individuals aged ≥55 years with comprehensive data including meal frequency and fundus photography were selected using the KNHANES 2015-2018 database. Participants were divided into 2 groups based on breakfast frequency per week; intermittent fasting (nearly 0 time/week) and nonfasting (5-7 times/week) groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for AMD identified by fundus photography. RESULTS AMD was identified in 25.1% of total participants. The intermittent fasting group had a decreased risk of AMD compared with the nonfasting group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.413, 95% CI 0.203-0.841), especially in individuals with a younger age (<70 years, aOR 0.357, 95% CI 0.153-0.833), obesity (aOR 0.663, 95% CI 0.424-1.037), and urban residence (aOR 0.437, 95% CI 0.248-0.769). Increased age (aOR 1.058, 95% CI 1.041-1.076) and serum high-density lipoprotein levels (aOR 1.011, 95% CI 1.002-1.021) were also independent risk factors for AMD. CONCLUSIONS Using the population-based survey data, we demonstrated that intermittent fasting by skipping breakfast was significantly associated with a reduced risk of AMD in a representative older adult population, especially in individuals with age <70 years, obesity, and urban residence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (E.Y.C., M.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (E.Y.C., M.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Eye Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (C.S.L., S.H.B., S.S.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Eye Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (C.S.L., S.H.B., S.S.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Eye Hospital, Institute of Vision Research (C.S.L., S.H.B., S.S.K.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine (M.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Endocrine Research (M.L.), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pai HL, Hsieh SMT, Su YS, Sue XY, Chang HH, Lin DPC. Short-Term Hyperuricemia Leads to Structural Retinal Changes That Can be Reversed by Serum Uric Acid Lowering Agents in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:8. [PMID: 36098977 PMCID: PMC9482320 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.10.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Metabolic disorders have been implicated in ocular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, hyperuricemia (HUA) has been proposed as another risk factor for AMD, although no cause-and-effect experimental data have been published. In this study, we investigated whether HUA would initiate AMD or related retinal damages in hyperuricemic mice. Methods HUA was induced in male ICR mice by dietary supplements of uric acid and oxonic acid potassium salt, with or without treatments by allopurinol or benzbromarone for various durations. Serum uric acid and angiotensin II concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at regular intervals. The retinal damages were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining, and TUNEL assay. The cause-and-effect of HUA was compared among the study groups. Results The results showed that the total thickness of photoreceptor inner and outer segments, as well as the thickness of the photoreceptor outer segment alone, were reduced under HUA. Furthermore, HUA elevated serum angiotensin II, which indicated activation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), leading to higher matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression, and glial activation in the ganglion cell layer. HUA also led to the reduction of retinal pigment epithelium gap junction protein connexin-43 and apoptosis. Uric acid lowering agents, allopurinol or benzbromarone, were effective in ameliorating the impairments. Conclusions HUA may pose as a causative factor of retinal injuries. The reduction of serum uric acid may reduce the detrimental effects caused by HUA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Liang Pai
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sophie Meng-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Su
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sue
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Han-Hsin Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - David Pei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu KY, Hodge DO, White LJ, McDonald J, Roddy GW. Association of Metabolic Syndrome With Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension in a Midwest United States Population. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:e18-e31. [PMID: 34860182 PMCID: PMC9337265 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PRCIS For patients with glaucoma, metabolic syndrome was associated with higher intraocular pressure and greater central corneal thickness. Patients with metabolic syndrome were more likely to have ocular hypertension. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether glaucomatous optic neuropathy, also known as glaucoma, and ocular hypertension are more likely to occur in patients with metabolic syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients in Olmsted County, MN, were identified as having metabolic syndrome based on diagnosis codes, laboratory values, and/or medication use to meet 3 or more of the 5 standard criteria for diagnosing metabolic syndrome: systemic hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and central adiposity defined by increased body mass index. Patients with glaucoma, including primary open angle, low tension, pigment dispersion, and pseudoexfoliation, were identified using diagnostic codes. The charts of patients with glaucoma were individually reviewed to collect visual acuity, intraocular pressure, cup to disc ratio, central corneal thickness, visual field mean deviation, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and treatment of intraocular pressure. Patients with ocular hypertension were separately identified and similarly evaluated. RESULTS For patients with glaucoma, those with metabolic syndrome had higher intraocular pressure and greater central corneal thickness compared with those without metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for central corneal thickness, there was no longer a significant difference in intraocular pressure between groups. Metabolic syndrome was also associated with the diagnosis of ocular hypertension, and although central corneal thickness trended higher in patients with metabolic syndrome, it did not attain statistical significance. CONCLUSION In Olmsted County, though metabolic syndrome was associated with ocular hypertension and higher intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma, the results were likely related to a thicker central corneal in this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Y. Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - David O. Hodge
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 3222
| | - Launia J. White
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 3222
| | | | - Gavin W. Roddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hanna J, David LA, Touahri Y, Fleming T, Screaton RA, Schuurmans C. Beyond Genetics: The Role of Metabolism in Photoreceptor Survival, Development and Repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:887764. [PMID: 35663397 PMCID: PMC9157592 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.887764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vision commences in the retina with rod and cone photoreceptors that detect and convert light to electrical signals. The irreversible loss of photoreceptors due to neurodegenerative disease leads to visual impairment and blindness. Interventions now in development include transplanting photoreceptors, committed photoreceptor precursors, or retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, with the latter protecting photoreceptors from dying. However, introducing exogenous human cells in a clinical setting faces both regulatory and supply chain hurdles. Recent work has shown that abnormalities in central cell metabolism pathways are an underlying feature of most neurodegenerative disorders, including those in the retina. Reversal of key metabolic alterations to drive retinal repair thus represents a novel strategy to treat vision loss based on cell regeneration. Here, we review the connection between photoreceptor degeneration and alterations in cell metabolism, along with new insights into how metabolic reprogramming drives both retinal development and repair following damage. The potential impact of metabolic reprogramming on retinal regeneration is also discussed, specifically in the context of how metabolic switches drive both retinal development and the activation of retinal glial cells known as Müller glia. Müller glia display latent regenerative properties in teleost fish, however, their capacity to regenerate new photoreceptors has been lost in mammals. Thus, re-activating the regenerative properties of Müller glia in mammals represents an exciting new area that integrates research into developmental cues, central metabolism, disease mechanisms, and glial cell biology. In addition, we discuss this work in relation to the latest insights gleaned from other tissues (brain, muscle) and regenerative species (zebrafish).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hanna
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Ajay David
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yacine Touahri
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Fleming
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A. Screaton
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Schuurmans
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Biological Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Carol Schuurmans,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kuan V, Warwick A, Hingorani A, Tufail A, Cipriani V, Burgess S, Sofat R. Association of Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, and Glycemic Risk Factors With Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mendelian Randomization Study. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 139:1299-1306. [PMID: 34734970 PMCID: PMC8569599 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.4601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in Western countries. Causal, modifiable risk factors need to be identified to develop preventive measures for advanced AMD. OBJECTIVE To assess whether smoking, alcohol consumption, blood pressure, body mass index, and glycemic traits are associated with increased risk of advanced AMD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS This study used 2-sample mendelian randomization. Genetic instruments composed of variants associated with risk factors at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10-8) were obtained from published genome-wide association studies. Summary-level statistics for these instruments were obtained for advanced AMD from the International AMD Genomics Consortium 2016 data set, which consisted of 16 144 individuals with AMD and 17 832 control individuals. Data were analyzed from July 2020 to September 2021. EXPOSURES Smoking initiation, smoking cessation, lifetime smoking, age at smoking initiation, alcoholic drinks per week, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, fasting glucose, and fasting insulin. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Advanced AMD and its subtypes, geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD. RESULTS A 1-SD increase in logodds of genetically predicted smoking initiation was associated with higher risk of advanced AMD (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.40; P < .001), while a 1-SD increase in logodds of genetically predicted smoking cessation (former vs current smoking) was associated with lower risk of advanced AMD (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50-0.87; P = .003). Genetically predicted increased lifetime smoking was associated with increased risk of advanced AMD (OR per 1-SD increase in lifetime smoking behavior, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.09-1.59; P = .004). Genetically predicted alcohol consumption was associated with higher risk of GA (OR per 1-SD increase of log-transformed alcoholic drinks per week, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.48-4.94; P = .001). There was insufficient evidence to suggest that genetically predicted blood pressure, body mass index, and glycemic traits were associated with advanced AMD. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study provides genetic evidence that increased alcohol intake may be a causal risk factor for GA. As there are currently no known treatments for GA, this finding has important public health implications. These results also support previous observational studies associating smoking behavior with risk of advanced AMD, thus reinforcing existing public health messages regarding the risk of blindness associated with smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Kuan
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Warwick
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adnan Tufail
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Cipriani
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK London, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- University College London British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Short-term high-fat feeding exacerbates degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa by promoting retinal oxidative stress and inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100566118. [PMID: 34667124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100566118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) can induce hyperglycemia and metabolic syndromes that, in turn, can trigger visual impairment. To evaluate the acute effects of HFD feeding on retinal degeneration, we assessed retinal function and morphology, inflammatory state, oxidative stress, and gut microbiome in dystrophic retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice, a model of retinitis pigmentosa, fed an HFD for 2 to 3 wk. Short-term HFD feeding impaired retinal responsiveness and visual acuity and enhanced photoreceptor degeneration, microglial cell activation, and Müller cell gliosis. HFD consumption also triggered the expression of inflammatory and oxidative markers in rd10 retinas. Finally, an HFD caused gut microbiome dysbiosis, increasing the abundance of potentially proinflammatory bacteria. Thus, HFD feeding drives the pathological processes of retinal degeneration by promoting oxidative stress and activating inflammatory-related pathways. Our findings suggest that consumption of an HFD could accelerate the progression of the disease in patients with retinal degenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
15
|
RISK OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. Retina 2021; 40:2312-2318. [PMID: 31895093 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results in loss of connective tissue and bone support. Evidence shows a possible relationship between periodontitis and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS This population-based cohort study was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, with a 13-year follow-up, to investigate the risk of AMD in patients with periodontitis. The periodontitis cohort included patients with newly diagnosed periodontitis between 2000 and 2012. The nonperiodontitis cohort was frequency-matched with the periodontitis cohort by age and sex, with a sample size of 41,661 in each cohort. RESULTS Patients with periodontitis had an increased risk of developing AMD compared with individuals without periodontitis (5.95 vs. 3.41 per 1,000 person-years, adjusted hazard ratio = 1.58 [95% confidence interval, 1.46-1.70]). The risk of developing AMD remained significant after stratification by age (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.48 [1.34-1.64] for age <65 years and 1.76 [1.57-1.97] for age ≥65 years), sex (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.40 [1.26-1.55] for women and 1.82 [1.63-2.04] for men), and presence of comorbidity (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.52 [1.40-1.66] for with comorbidity and 1.92 [1.63-2.26] for without comorbidity). In addition, patients with periodontitis showed an increased incidence for both nonexudative type AMD (5.43 vs. 3.13 per 1,000 person-years) and exudative type AMD (0.52 vs. 0.28 per 1,000 person-years). CONCLUSION People with periodontitis could be at a greater risk of developing AMD than those without periodontitis. However, we need more evidence to support this association.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ng Yin Ling C, Lim SC, Jonas JB, Sabanayagam C. Obesity and risk of age-related eye diseases: a systematic review of prospective population-based studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1863-1885. [PMID: 33963292 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a public health challenge worldwide. The relationship between obesity and age-related eye diseases including cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) have remained elusive. DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review of three electronic databases for longitudinal population-based studies that described associations between measures of obesity including body mass index (BMI), waist-circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and age-related eye diseases. RESULTS Our search yielded 1731 articles, of which 14, 10, 16 and 8 articles met our eligibility criteria for cataract, glaucoma, AMD and DR, respectively. BMI-defined obesity was positively associated with incident cataract, incident AMD and incident DR in Western populations, but in Asian populations associations for incident AMD were not significant and associations for incident DR were inverse. WC-defined obesity was associated with incident glaucoma in non-Western populations. WHR-defined obesity but not BMI-defined obesity was associated with the incidence or progression of AMD in two Western studies. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we found strong evidence supporting associations between obesity and age-related eye diseases. Further research on the association of abdominal obesity and effect of weight loss and physical activity on age-related eye diseases is warranted to support clinical and public health recommendations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Khoo Tech Puat Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. .,Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Korb CA, Elbaz H, Schuster AK, Nickels S, Ponto KA, Schulz A, Wild PS, Münzel T, Beutel ME, Schmidtmann I, Lackner KJ, Peto T, Pfeiffer N. Five-year cumulative incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration: results from the German population-based Gutenberg Health Study (GHS). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:55-64. [PMID: 34424371 PMCID: PMC8763742 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. This study evaluates the incidence and progression of AMD in a large German cohort. Methods The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based, prospective, observational cohort study in Germany that includes 15,010 participants between 35 and 74 years of age. The baseline examination, including fundus photography, was conducted between 2007 and 2012, and the 5-year follow-up examination was performed between 2012 and 2017. AMD grading of fundus photographs was performed according to the Rotterdam Eye Study classification. The 5-year cumulative incidence and progression of AMD were calculated. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with the cumulative incidence and progression of AMD. Results Six-thousand-eight-hundred-eighty-eight participants (49.8%, n = 3427 female) were included in the analysis. AMD prevalence was 8.5% [95% CI: 7.9–9.2%] at baseline and 10.3% [95% CI: 9.6–11.1%] at follow-up. The cumulative 5-year-incidence was 2.0% [1.7–2.4%]. AMD progression within 5 years was seen in 18.1% [95% CI: 15.1–21.5%] of the participants. AMD incidence and AMD progression were associated with higher age, for each 10-year increase in age, the risk of AMD doubles (RR = 2.30), and the risk of progression of the disease is increased by 1.6. while AMD incidence also with pseudophakic status. Conclusions In summary, this population-based sample provides substantial epidemiologic data from a large German cohort, including data on progression and cumulative incidence of macular degeneration in younger age groups. AMD progression over 5 years is common in the German population, 18.1% of subjects with AMD showed progression in at least one eye in this time frame and is associated with higher age. Nevertheless, although usually defined to occur over the age of 50, in this cohort AMD occurred in 0.5% and AMD progression occurred in 5.4% of those already affected in the youngest age group before 50 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Korb
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hisham Elbaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander K Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Nickels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina A Ponto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tunde Peto
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a risk factor that accelerates aging in retinal neurons and may contribute to the neurodegeneration seen in glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). RECENT FINDINGS Both animal model experiments and epidemiologic studies suggest that metabolic stress may lead to aberrant regulation of a number of cellular pathways that ultimately lead to premature aging of the cell, including those of a neuronal lineage. SUMMARY GON and AMD are each leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Aging is a significant risk factor in the specific retinal neuron loss that is seen with each condition. Though aging at a cellular level is difficult to define, there are many mechanistic modifiers of aging. Metabolic-related stresses induce inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, alterations to the unfolded protein response, defects in autophagy, alterations to the microbiome, and deposition of advanced glycation end products that can all hasten the aging process. Due to the number of variables related to metabolic health, defining criteria to enable the study of risk factors at a population level is challenging. MetS is a definable constellation of related metabolic risk factors that includes enlarged waist circumference, dyslipidemia, systemic hypertension, and hyperglycemia. MetS has been associated with both GON and AMD and may contribute to disease onset and/or progression in each disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Krueger K, Boehme E, Klettner AK, Zille M. The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7518-7560. [PMID: 33970706 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We rely on vision more than on any other sense to obtain information about our environment. Hence, the loss or even impairment of vision profoundly affects our quality of life. Diet or food components have already demonstrated beneficial effects on the development of retinal diseases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in resources from marine animals and plants for the prevention of retinal diseases through nutrition. Especially fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids have already led to promising results, including associations with a reduced incidence of retinal diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are insufficiently explained. The aim of this review was to summarize the known mechanistic effects of marine resources on the pathophysiological processes in retinal diseases. We performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and identified 107 studies investigating marine resources in the context of retinal diseases. Of these, 46 studies described the underlying mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic/vasoprotective, cytoprotective, metabolic, and retinal function effects, which we critically summarize. We further discuss perspectives on the use of marine resources for human nutrition to prevent retinal diseases with a particular focus on regulatory aspects, health claims, safety, and bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Krueger
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elke Boehme
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexa Karina Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Quincke Research Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Glaucoma remains the world's leading cause of irreversible blindness and though intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most prevalent risk factor and only reliable therapeutic target, a number of systemic disease associations have been reported. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of findings that includes systemic hypertension, abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. MetS is becoming increasingly common worldwide, with prevalence up to 40% in some countries. Not only is MetS a significant cause of morbidity, but it is also associated with an increase in all-cause mortality. Reports have been conflicting regarding the association of individual components of MetS, including systemic hypertension and diabetes, with elevated IOP or glaucoma. However, though limitations in the existing literature are present, current evidence suggests that MetS is associated with IOP as well as glaucoma. Additional studies are needed to clarify this association by incorporating additional metrics including assessment of central corneal thickness as well as optic nerve structure and function. Future studies are also needed to determine whether lifestyle modification or systemic treatment of MetS could reduce the incidence or progression of glaucoma.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang K, Hsieh MJ, Chien HW, Lee CY, Yeh CB, Huang JY, Yang SF. Medical Compliance of Fibrate and the Decreased Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Dyslipidemia-Related Diseases: A Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18010301. [PMID: 33401577 PMCID: PMC7796116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in dyslipidemia-related diseases with or without the use of fibrate. Patients were defined as dyslipidemia-related diseases according to the diagnostic code and lab exam arrangement, then the population was divided into those with fibrate application and those without via 1:2 ratios of propensity-score matching. The primary outcome is the development of AMD after dyslipidemia-related diseases by the Cox proportional hazard regression. Besides, the relationship between the medical compliance of fibrate, presented as medical possession ratio (MPR), and the AMD development was also analyzed. A total of 22,917 patients and 45,834 individuals were enrolled in the study and control groups. There were 572 and 1181 events of any AMD development in the study and control groups which showed identical risk of AMD (aHR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.85–1.04). However, a reduced risk of any AMD was found in those patients reached a baseline MPR more than 20% (aHR: 0.729, 95% CI: 0.599–0.887, p = 0.0016) and overall MPR more than 5% three years after the diagnosis of dyslipidemia-related diseases (aHR: 0.712, 95% CI: 0.557–0.909, p = 0.0065). Besides, a lower risk of dry-AMD was also found in those patients with the above conditions (aHR: 0.736, 95% CI: 0.599–0.906, p = 0.0038 and aHR: 0.721, 95% CI: 0.557–0.934, p = 0.0133, respectively). In conclusion, the use of fibrate with fair initial medical compliance will decrease the incidence of AMD in patients with dyslipidemia-related diseases, especially for the development of dry-AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (K.W.); (H.-W.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 211, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-J.H.); (J.-Y.H.)
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wen Chien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan; (K.W.); (H.-W.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sijhih Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City 211, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan;
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yang Huang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-J.H.); (J.-Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (M.-J.H.); (J.-Y.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Eton EA, Wubben TJ, Besirli CG, Wang SY. Association of Ocular Antihypertensive Medications and the Development and Progression of Age-related Macular Degeneration in a U.S. Insurance Claims Database. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:995-1001. [PMID: 33174463 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1849731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: To assess whether ocular antihypertensives are associated with the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Materials and Methods: This retrospective, observational cohort study using healthcare claims data from a U.S. nationwide managed-care network between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2016, included enrollees ≥40 years old with primary open-angle glaucoma with or without a diagnosis of nonexudative AMD at the index date. Hazard ratios (HR) for developing AMD or progressing from nonexudative to exudative AMD with exposure to ocular antihypertensive medications were analyzed.Results: Of 132 963 eligible enrollees, 118 174 (87.5%) had no diagnosis of AMD at baseline while 14 789 (12.5%) had adiagnosis of nonexudative AMD. Prostaglandin analog exposure had adecreased hazard of developing AMD among individuals without baseline disease (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94; p< .0001), while topical alpha2-agonist exposure demonstrated an increased hazard of AMD development (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14; p= .004). Among patients with baseline nonexudative AMD, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor exposure was associated with adecreased hazard of progressing to exudative disease (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71-0.99; p= .04) while topical alpha2-agonists had increased hazard (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.01-1.36; p= .04).Conclusions: Certain ocular antihypertensive medications may be associated with development or progression of AMD. Their role in AMD pathogenesis should be better understood as they are considered for therapeutics in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Eton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thomas J Wubben
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cagri G Besirli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sophia Y Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Byers Eye Institute, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lima-Fontes M, Barata P, Falcão M, Carneiro Â. Ocular findings in metabolic syndrome: a review. Porto Biomed J 2020; 5:e104. [PMID: 33299953 PMCID: PMC7721218 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has emerged as a worldwide health hazard of the modern lifestyle, representing a cluster of metabolic abnormalities and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, central retinal artery occlusion, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and dry eye syndrome have been linked with many of MetS components. Their relationship with MetS itself is, however, a recent topic of investigation. This review aims to gather published evidence supporting associations between ocular findings and MetS and to explore the related physiopathological processes that congregate in this syndrome and lead to these diseases. Despite compiling interesting and compelling evidence, it raises awareness to the need of further studies in this field to keep solidifying these associations and unveiling the pathological processes that support them. It ultimately targets MetS patients as a population of individuals who are at increased risk of developing age-related eye diseases and vision loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mário Lima-Fontes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Pedro Barata
- i3S, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University
| | - Manuel Falcão
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João.,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ângela Carneiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João.,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Roddy GW, Rosa RH, Viker KB, Holman BH, Hann CR, Krishnan A, Gores GJ, Bakri SJ, Fautsch MP. Diet Mimicking "Fast Food" Causes Structural Changes to the Retina Relevant to Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:726-732. [PMID: 31735070 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1694156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a disorder characterized by a constellation of findings including truncal obesity, elevated blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol levels, and high blood glucose. Recent evidence suggests that metabolic syndrome may be associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and other eye diseases. Recently, C57BL/6J wild-type mice fed with a "fast food" diet consisting of high fat, cholesterol, and fructose-supplemented water showed unique systemic pathology consistent with metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Additionally, these mice showed higher levels of fibrosis, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction compared to mice fed with only a high-fat diet alone. Since similar pathways are activated in AMD, we sought to determine whether mice fed a "fast food" diet exhibited retinal changes.Methods: 3-month-old wild-type mice were randomized to a standard chow (n = 11) or a "fast food" (n = 18) diet and fed for 9 months. At 1 year of age, tissues were collected and retinas were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative measures of Bruch's membrane thickness and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell counts were performed.Results: "Fast food" fed mice showed ocular pathology relevant to various stages of AMD including basal laminar deposits, focal thickening of Bruch's membrane, and a significant loss of RPE cells.Discussion/conclusion: A wild-type mouse model of metabolic syndrome fed a "fast food" diet developed changes to the retina similar to some of the pathologic features seen in AMD. Further investigations into this and similar animal models as well as further epidemiological studies are needed to more clearly define the association between metabolic syndrome and AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gavin W Roddy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly B Viker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bradley H Holman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cheryl R Hann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anuradha Krishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sophie J Bakri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kawada T. Blood metals, age related macular degeneration and contrast sensitivity impairment. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 53:76. [PMID: 30910210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Early impairments in the retina of rats fed with high fructose/high fat diet are associated with glucose metabolism deregulation but not dyslipidaemia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5997. [PMID: 30979946 PMCID: PMC6461688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Way of life changes such as high consumption of processed foods rich in fat and sugar and sedentary lifestyle are associated with the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) that affects about 35% in the American population. MetS is the main risk factor for diabetes mellitus, which is associated with vascular changes in the retina. However, the early consequences of MetS in the retina are not well described. We therefore aimed at characterizing the early effects of a high fructose and high fat diet (HFHF) on the function and structure of the rat retina, and evaluate the associations with metabolic changes. Brown Norway rats of 6 weeks of age were fed for 8 days, 5 weeks or 13 weeks with HFHF diet, or a standard chow. After only 4 weeks of this diet, rats exhibited a reduction in cone photoreceptor sensitivity to light. Moreover, we observed that MetS significantly exacerbated laser-induced choroidal neovascularization by 72% and 67% 2 weeks and 3 weeks post laser treatment, respectively. These retinal abnormalities were associated with deregulation of glucose metabolism but not lipid metabolism. These data showed retinal modifications in HFHF-induced MetS in the rat, at very early stage of the disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yoo TK, Kim SH, Kwak J, Kim HK, Rim TH. Association Between Osteoporosis and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:AMD132-AMD142. [PMID: 30372730 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have reported a possible link between low bone mineral density and AMD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between osteoporosis and AMD in a South Korean cohort. Methods This cross-sectional, nationwide study included 3496 women and 2789 men who had participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2011. All retinal photographs were graded using an international classification and grading system. Osteoporosis was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between osteoporosis and AMD after adjustment for potential confounders, including age, the body mass index, dietary calcium intake, and the serum vitamin D level. The odds ratios (OR) for other aging-related eye diseases, including cataract, open-angle glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy, were analyzed in accordance with the presence of osteoporosis. Results Multivariate regression analysis revealed that osteoporosis was significantly associated with all types of AMD (early and late: OR, 1.31; P = 0.017) and early AMD (OR, 1.36; P = 0.007) in women. Late AMD was not associated with osteoporosis (OR, 0.84; P = 0.670). In men, osteoporosis was not associated with any type of AMD. In women, the status of osteoporosis in the femoral neck showed a linear relationship with AMD (P = 0.004). Although osteoporosis was associated with AMD in women, it showed no association with other age-related eye diseases; this suggested a disease-specific association. Conclusions Our findings suggest that osteoporosis plays a role in AMD development in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Keun Yoo
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Han Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Jiyong Kwak
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Tyler Hyungtaek Rim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Erythropoietin Signaling Increases Choroidal Macrophages and Cytokine Expression, and Exacerbates Choroidal Neovascularization. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2161. [PMID: 29391474 PMCID: PMC5795007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is recognized for neuroprotective and angiogenic effects and has been associated with aging and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We hypothesized that systemic EPO facilitates the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Wild type mice expressed murine EPOR (mWtEPOR) in RPE/choroids at baseline and had significantly increased serum EPO after laser treatment. To test the role of EPO signaling, we used human EPOR knock-in mice with the mWtEPOR gene replaced by either the human EPOR gene (hWtEPOR) or a mutated human EPOR gene (hMtEPOR) in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (LCNV) model. Loss-of-function hWtEPOR mice have reduced downstream activation, whereas gain-of-function hMtEPOR mice have increased EPOR signaling. Compared to littermate controls (mWtEPOR), hMtEPOR with increased EPOR signaling developed larger CNV lesions. At baseline, hMtEPOR mice had increased numbers of macrophages, greater expression of macrophage markers F4/80 and CD206, and following laser injury, had greater expression of cytokines CCL2, CXCL10, CCL22, IL-6, and IL-10 than mWtEPOR controls. These data support a hypothesis that injury from age- and AMD-related changes in the RPE/choroid leads to choroidal neovascularization through EPOR-mediated cytokine production.
Collapse
|
29
|
The ‘Displacing Foods of Modern Commerce’ Are the Primary and Proximate Cause of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Unifying Singular Hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2017; 109:184-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
30
|
Fu Z, Liegl R, Wang Z, Gong Y, Liu CH, Sun Y, Cakir B, Burnim SB, Meng SS, Löfqvist C, SanGiovanni JP, Hellström A, Smith LEH. Adiponectin Mediates Dietary Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Protection Against Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:3862-3870. [PMID: 28763559 PMCID: PMC5539800 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of legal blindness in the elderly. Diets with omega3-long-chain-polyunsaturated-fatty-acid (ω3-LCPUFA) correlate with a decreased risk of AMD. Dietary ω3-LCPUFA versus ω6-LCPUFA inhibits mouse ocular neovascularization, but the underlying mechanism needs further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate if adiponectin (APN) mediated ω3-LCPUFA suppression of neovessels in AMD. Methods The mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model was used to mimic some of the inflammatory aspect of AMD. CNV was compared between wild-type (WT) and Apn−/− mice fed either otherwise matched diets with 2% ω3 or 2% ω6-LCPUFAs. Vldlr−/− mice were used to mimic some of the metabolic aspects of AMD. Choroid assay ex vivo and human retinal microvascular endothelial cell (HRMEC) proliferation assay in vitro was used to investigate the APN pathway in angiogenesis. Western blot for p-AMPKα/AMPKα and qPCR for Apn, Mmps, and IL-10 were used to define mechanism. Results ω3-LCPUFA intake suppressed laser-induced CNV in WT mice; suppression was abolished with APN deficiency. ω3-LCPUFA, mediated by APN, decreased mouse Mmps expression. APN deficiency decreased AMPKα phosphorylation in vivo and exacerbated choroid-sprouting ex vivo. APN pathway activation inhibited HRMEC proliferation and decreased Mmps. In Vldlr−/− mice, ω3-LCPUFA increased retinal AdipoR1 and inhibited NV. ω3-LCPUFA decreased IL-10 but did not affect Mmps in Vldlr−/− retinas. Conclusions APN in part mediated ω3-LCPUFA inhibition of neovascularization in two mouse models of AMD. Modulating the APN pathway in conjunction with a ω3-LCPUFA-enriched-diet may augment the beneficial effects of ω3-LCPUFA in AMD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhongxiao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bertan Cakir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Samuel B Burnim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Steven S Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chatarina Löfqvist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Ann Hellström
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lois E H Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Erdur SK, Aydin R, Ozsutcu M, Olmuscelik O, Eliacik M, Demirci G, Kocabora MS. The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome, Its Components, and Dry Eye: A Cross-Sectional Study. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1115-1117. [PMID: 28328296 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1280511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate tear osmolarity and tear film function and ocular surface changes in patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS 108 eyes of 64 patients with metabolic syndrome (group 1) and 110 eyes of 55 healthy individuals (group 2) were included in this cross-sectional study. All participants were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and tear osmolarity. Main outcome measures were Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and tear osmolarity values. RESULTS Tear osmolarity values and OSDI scores were significantly higher in group 1 (314.4 ± 19.1 mOsm and 38.9 ± 1.1, respectively) compared with group 2 (295 ± 14.3 mOsm and 18.69 ± 17.2, respectively) (p = 0.01 for both). The Schirmer test values and TBUT in group 1 (10 ± 3.7 mm and 14.8 ± 3.6 sec, respectively) were significantly lower compared with group 2 (16.8 ± 2.6 mm and 18.1 ± 0.5 sec, respectively) (p < 0.001 for both). There was significant correlation between tear osmolarity versus waist circumference and fasting blood glucose in the study group (r = 0.364, p = 0.04; and r = 0.542, p ≤ 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that metabolic syndrome can influence tear osmolarity and tear film function. Patients with metabolic syndrome showed tear hyperosmolarity and tear film dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Karaman Erdur
- a Medicine School, Department of Ophthalmology , Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Rukiye Aydin
- a Medicine School, Department of Ophthalmology , Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozsutcu
- a Medicine School, Department of Ophthalmology , Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Oktay Olmuscelik
- b Medicine School, Department of Internal Medicine , Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Eliacik
- a Medicine School, Department of Ophthalmology , Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Goktug Demirci
- a Medicine School, Department of Ophthalmology , Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Selim Kocabora
- a Medicine School, Department of Ophthalmology , Istanbul Medipol University , Istanbul , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shiba T, Takahashi M, Matsumoto T, Hori Y. Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Ocular Microcirculation Shown by Laser Speckle Flowgraphy in a Hospital Setting Devoted to Sleep Apnea Syndrome Diagnostics. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3141678. [PMID: 29018825 PMCID: PMC5605922 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3141678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify whether the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the overlap of MetS components are affecting the ocular circulation shown by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 76 consistent patients. Blowout score (BOS) and blowout time (BOT), which are the pulse waveform analysis parameters, and mean blur rate (MBR) using LSFG in the optic nerve head (ONH) and choroid were evaluated. Throughout, the ONH was separated out from the vessels and tissue for analysis and MBRs in the ONH were divided into four sections (superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal). RESULTS Thirty-two patients were diagnosed having Mets. MBR-Tissue (P = 0.003), MBR-All (P = 0.01), MBR-Choroid (P = 0.04), and BOS-Choroid (P = 0.03) were significantly lower in patients with MetS than in the patients without MetS. Multiple-regression analysis revealed the temporal side of MBR-Tissue and BOS-Choroid which were identified as factors contributing independently to the overlap of the MetS components. Multiple-regression analysis also revealed that the MetS components were identified to be factors independently contributing to the BOS-Choroid and temporal side of MBR-Tissue. CONCLUSION Our study clarified that the incidence of MetS and the overlap of the MetS components are significantly affecting the ONH and choroidal microcirculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Shiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mao Takahashi
- Cardiovascular Center, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bulus AD, Can ME, Baytaroglu A, Can GD, Cakmak HB, Andiran N. Choroidal Thickness in Childhood Obesity. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2017; 48:10-17. [DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20161219-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
34
|
Andriessen EM, Wilson AM, Mawambo G, Dejda A, Miloudi K, Sennlaub F, Sapieha P. Gut microbiota influences pathological angiogenesis in obesity-driven choroidal neovascularization. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:1366-1379. [PMID: 27861126 PMCID: PMC5167134 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration in its neovascular form (NV AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss among adults above the age of 60. Epidemiological data suggest that in men, overall abdominal obesity is the second most important environmental risk factor after smoking for progression to late-stage NV AMD To date, the mechanisms that underscore this observation remain ill-defined. Given the impact of high-fat diets on gut microbiota, we investigated whether commensal microbes influence the evolution of AMD Using mouse models of NV AMD, microbiotal transplants, and other paradigms that modify the gut microbiome, we uncoupled weight gain from confounding factors and demonstrate that high-fat diets exacerbate choroidal neovascularization (CNV) by altering gut microbiota. Gut dysbiosis leads to heightened intestinal permeability and chronic low-grade inflammation characteristic of inflammaging with elevated production of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and VEGF-A that ultimately aggravate pathological angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Mma Andriessen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ariel M Wilson
- Department of Engineering Physics, Laser Processing and Plasmonics Laboratory École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaelle Mawambo
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dejda
- Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khalil Miloudi
- Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florian Sennlaub
- INSERM, U 968, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 968, Institut de la Vision, CNRS, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology-Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Che D, Zhou T, Lan Y, Xie J, Gong H, Li C, Feng J, Hong H, Qi W, Ma C, Wu Q, Yang X, Gao G. High glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition contributes to the upregulation of fibrogenic factors in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1815-1822. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
36
|
Cao G, Chen Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhang M, Zhang K, Su Z. Effects of adiponectin polymorphisms on the risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration. Biomarkers 2016; 20:266-70. [PMID: 26301885 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2015.1068857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationships between variants in adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) with advanced forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) susceptibility. METHODS A total of 189 advanced AMD patients and 168 controls were recruited. Seven tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ADIPOQ were genotyped by the SNaPshot method. RESULTS Alleles or genotypes of rs822396 distributed significantly differently in advanced AMD patients and controls. The minor allele G at rs822396 was associated with an increased risk of advanced AMD in a dominant model. Furthermore, haplotype analysis revealed that haplotypes AGGACCT and TGACCCC were significantly increased the advanced AMD susceptibility, whereas haplotypes AGAACGC, TGAACGT and TGACAGC had protective effects. CONCLUSION ADIPOQ genetic variant rs822396 might affect an individual's susceptibility to AMD, making it efficient genetic biomarkers for early detection of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiqun Cao
- a Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Association of Serum Ferritin and Kidney Function with Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the General Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153624. [PMID: 27096155 PMCID: PMC4838228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin is considered to be a marker of the body's iron stores and has a potential relationship with the systemic manifestations of inflammatory reactions. Data on the association between increased levels of serum ferritin and ocular problems are limited, particularly in relation to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Serum ferritin levels, as a possible clinical parameter for predicting AMD, were analyzed in anthropometric, biochemical, and ophthalmologic data from a nation-wide, population-based, case-control study (KNHNES IV and V). All native Koreans aged ≥ 20 years and who had no medical illness were eligible to participate. Among them, 2.9% had AMD, and its prevalence was found to increase in the higher ferritin quintile groups (Ptrend < 0.0001). In multiple linear regression analysis, serum ferritin level was closely related to conventional risk factors for AMD. Comparison of early AMD with a control group showed that serum ferritin levels were closely associated with AMD (OR = 1.004, 95% CI = 1.002-1.006), and further adjustment for age, gender, serum iron, and kidney function did not reduce this association (OR = 1.003, 95% CI = 1.001-1.006). Furthermore, the relationship between ferritin quintile and early AMD was dose-dependent. Thus, an increased level of serum ferritin in a healthy person may be a useful indicator of neurodegenerative change in the macula. A large population-based prospective clinical study is needed to confirm these findings.
Collapse
|
38
|
Poh S, Mohamed Abdul RBB, Lamoureux EL, Wong TY, Sabanayagam C. Metabolic syndrome and eye diseases. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 113:86-100. [PMID: 26838669 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is becoming a worldwide medical and public health challenge as it has been seen increasing in prevalence over the years. Age-related eye diseases, the leading cause of blindness globally and visual impairment in developed countries, are also on the rise due to aging of the population. Many of the individual components of the metabolic syndrome have been shown to be associated with these eye diseases. However, the association of metabolic syndrome with eye diseases is not clear. In this review, we reviewed the evidence for associations between metabolic syndrome and certain ocular diseases in populations. We also reviewed the association of individual metabolic syndrome components with ocular diseases due to a paucity of research in this area. Besides, we also summarised the current understanding of etiological mechanisms of how metabolic syndrome or the individual components lead to these ocular diseases. With increasing evidence of such associations, it may be important to identify patients who are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome as prompt treatment and intervention may potentially decrease the risk of developing certain ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Poh
- National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ecosse L Lamoureux
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien Y Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Montserrat-de la Paz S, Naranjo MC, Bermudez B, Lopez S, Moreda W, Abia R, Muriana FJG. Postprandial dietary fatty acids exert divergent inflammatory responses in retinal-pigmented epithelium cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:1345-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00136j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) lead to a complex series of events that are potentially oxidative and inflammatory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Carmen Naranjo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa
- CSIC
- 41013 Seville
- Spain
| | - Beatriz Bermudez
- Department of Pharmacology
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Seville
- 41012 Seville
- Spain
| | - Sergio Lopez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa
- CSIC
- 41013 Seville
- Spain
| | - Wenceslao Moreda
- Laboratory of Olive Oil Quality
- Purity and Technology
- Instituto de la Grasa
- CSIC
- 41013 Seville
| | - Rocio Abia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa
- CSIC
- 41013 Seville
- Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common form of irreversible blindness in the industrially developed world, can present years before a patient begins to lose vision. For most of these patients, AMD never progresses past its early stages to the advanced forms that are principally responsible for the vast majority of vision loss. Advanced AMD can manifest as either an advanced avascular form known as geographic atrophy (GA) marked by regional retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell death or as an advanced form known as neovascular AMD marked by the intrusion of fragile new blood vessels into the normally avascular retina. Physicians have several therapeutic interventions available to combat neovascular AMD, but GA has no approved effective therapies as of yet. In this chapter, we will discuss the current strategies for limiting dry AMD in patients. We will also discuss previous attempts at pharmacological intervention that were tested in a clinical setting and consider reasons why these putative therapeutics did not perform successfully in large-scale trials. Despite the number of unsuccessful past trials, new pharmacological interventions may succeed. These future therapies may aid millions of AMD patients worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Wright
- Physiology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Jayakrishna Ambati
- Physiology and Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Gunes A, Uzun F, Karaca EE, Kalaycı M. Evaluation of Anterior Segment Parameters in Obesity. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2015; 29:220-5. [PMID: 26240505 PMCID: PMC4520864 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2015.29.4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate anterior segment parameters in obese patients in comparison to healthy individuals. METHODS Thirty-four obese subjects and 34 age-sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Ophthalmological examinations including intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and axial length (AL) measurements were performed on each subject. Height and weight of all subjects were recorded and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. RESULTS IOP was significantly higher in the obese group (p = 0.003). The mean ACD in obese subjects was significantly lower than that in control subjects (p = 0.036). AL, ACV, ACA and CCT were not significantly different between the groups. There was a positive correlation between BMI and IOP (r = 0.404, p < 0.001). ACD and ACA were negatively correlated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS IOP was significantly higher and ACD was significantly lower in obese subjects. AL, ACV, ACA and CCT were not significantly different between the groups. The impact of obesity on anterior chamber parameters should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alime Gunes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Süleyman Demirel University Medical School, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Feyzahan Uzun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Medical School, Rize, Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Kalaycı
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazipasa State Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|