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Lee H, Hong B, Kim S, Kim JH, Choi NK, Jung SY, Shin JY. Post-marketing surveillance study on influenza vaccine in South Korea using a nationwide spontaneous reporting database with multiple data mining methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20256. [PMID: 36424402 PMCID: PMC9691710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21986-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety profiles of the influenza vaccine and its subtypes are still limited. We aimed to address this knowledge gap using multiple data mining methods and calculated performance measurements to evaluate the precision of different detection methods. We conducted a post-marketing surveillance study between 2005 and 2019 using the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System database. Three data mining methods were applied: (a) proportional reporting ratio, (b) information component, and (c) tree-based scan statistics. We evaluated the performance of each method in comparison with the known adverse events (AEs) described in the labeling information. Compared to other vaccines, we identified 36 safety signals for the influenza vaccine, and 7 safety signals were unlabeled. In subtype-stratified analyses, application site disorders were reported more frequently with quadrivalent and cell-based vaccines, while a wide range of AEs were noted for trivalent and egg-based vaccines. Tree-based scan statistics showed well-balanced performance. Among the detected signals of influenza vaccines, narcolepsy requires special attention. A wider range of AEs were detected as signals for trivalent and egg-based vaccines. Although tree-based scan statistics showed balanced performance, complementary use of other techniques would be beneficial when large noise due to false positives is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesung Lee
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bin Hong
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 South Korea
| | - SangHee Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 South Korea
| | - Ju Hwan Kim
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XPresent Address: Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Nam-Kyong Choi
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Graduate School of Industrial Pharmaceutical Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Jung
- grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea ,grid.254224.70000 0001 0789 9563Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - Ju-Young Shin
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XSchool of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419 South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Chia MY, Lin CY, Chen PL, Lai CC, Weng TC, Sung WC, Hu AYC, Lee MS. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Influenza H7N9 Vaccine Antigens Produced Using a Serum-Free Suspension MDCK Cell-Based Platform. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091937. [PMID: 36146744 PMCID: PMC9502495 DOI: 10.3390/v14091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections with avian-origin H7N9 influenza A viruses were first reported in China, and an approximately 38% human mortality rate was described across six waves from February 2013 to September 2018. Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce morbidity and mortality during influenza epidemics and pandemics. Egg-based platforms for the production of influenza vaccines are labor-intensive and unable to meet the surging demand during pandemics. Therefore, cell culture-based technology is becoming the alternative strategy for producing influenza vaccines. The current influenza H7N9 vaccine virus (NIBRG-268), a reassortant virus from A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) and egg-adapted A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) viruses, could grow efficiently in embryonated eggs but not mammalian cells. Moreover, a freezing-dry formulation of influenza H7N9 vaccines with long-term stability will be desirable for pandemic preparedness, as the occurrence of influenza H7N9 pandemics is not predictable. In this study, we adapted a serum-free anchorage-independent suspension Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line for producing influenza H7N9 vaccines and compared the biochemical characteristics and immunogenicity of three influenza H7N9 vaccine antigens produced using the suspension MDCK cell-based platform without freeze-drying (S-WO-H7N9), the suspension MDCK cell-based platform with freeze-drying (S-W-H7N9) or the egg-based platform with freeze-drying (E-W-H7N9). We demonstrated these three vaccine antigens have comparable biochemical characteristics. In addition, these three vaccine antigens induced robust and comparable neutralizing antibody (NT; geometric mean between 1016 and 4064) and hemagglutinin-inhibition antibody (HI; geometric mean between 640 and 1613) titers in mice. In conclusion, the serum-free suspension MDCK cell-derived freeze-dried influenza H7N9 vaccine is highly immunogenic in mice, and clinical development is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yuan Chia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yang Lin
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ling Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Lai
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Chuan Weng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Chou Sung
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Alan Yung-Chih Hu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(37)-246-166 (ext. 35520); Fax: +886-(37)-583-009
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Bansal A, Trieu MC, Mohn KGI, Cox RJ. Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Pregnant Women and Children Under 5 Years: An Evidence-Based Clinical Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744774. [PMID: 34691051 PMCID: PMC8526930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Annual influenza vaccination is often recommended for pregnant women and young children to reduce the risk of severe influenza. However, most studies investigating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccines are conducted in healthy adults. In this evidence-based clinical review, we provide an update on the safety profile, immunogenicity, and efficacy/effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) in healthy pregnant women and children <5 years old. Six electronic databases were searched until May 27, 2021. We identified 3,731 articles, of which 93 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The IIVs were generally well tolerated in pregnant women and young children, with low frequencies of adverse events following IIV administration; however, continuous vaccine safety monitoring systems are necessary to detect rare adverse events. IIVs generated good antibody responses, and the seroprotection rates after IIVs were moderate to high in pregnant women (range = 65%-96%) and young children (range = 50%-100%), varying between the different influenza types/subtypes and seasons. Studies show vaccine efficacy/effectiveness values of 50%-70% in pregnant women and 20%-90% in young children against lab-confirmed influenza, although the efficacy/effectiveness depended on the study design, host factors, vaccine type, manufacturing practices, and the antigenic match/mismatch between the influenza vaccine strains and the circulating strains. Current evidence suggests that the benefits of IIVs far outweigh the potential risks and that IIVs should be recommended for pregnant women and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bansal
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mai-Chi Trieu
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin G I Mohn
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Helse Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Phase III Trial of a Cell Culture-derived Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Healthy South Korean Children and Adolescents 6 Months to 18 Years of Age. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2019; 38:e209-e215. [PMID: 31335572 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell culture-derived influenza vaccines have several important advantages over egg-based influenza vaccines. The quadrivalent influenza vaccine may offer broader protection against seasonal influenza than trivalent influenza vaccine by containing 1 more B strain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of NBP607-QIV, a novel cell culture-derived inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (cIIV4), in children and adolescents. METHODS This phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial in children/adolescents (6 mo to 18 yr) was conducted in South Korea during 2014-2015 season. Subjects were randomized 4:1 to receive either NBP607-QIV or control inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers were assessed in prevaccination and 28 days postvaccination sera. Safety data were collected for up to 6 months postvaccination. RESULTS A total of 454 participants completed the study. Three-hundred sixty-six subjects received cIIV4 and 88 subjects received inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine. Overall, NBP607-QIV met the immunogenicity criteria of Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use for each of the 4 strains. Between the NBP607-QIV and control groups, immunogenicity endpoints were comparable. Participants younger than 3 years of age had lower immunologic responses to 2 influenza B strains in both NBP607-QIV and control group. No deaths, vaccine-related serious adverse events (AEs) or withdrawals because of AEs were reported. The solicited AEs reported were generally of mild intensity. CONCLUSIONS NBP607-QIV, a novel cIIV4, showed good immunogenicity to all 4 influenza strains and had tolerable safety profiles in children and adolescents. Moreover, NBP607-QIV was more immunogenic against influenza B compared with the control, an egg-based subunit vaccine.
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Chen PL, Hu AYC, Lin CY, Weng TC, Lai CC, Tseng YF, Cheng MC, Chia MY, Lin WC, Yeh CT, Su IJ, Lee MS. Development of American-Lineage Influenza H5N2 Reassortant Vaccine Viruses for Pandemic Preparedness. Viruses 2019; 11:v11060543. [PMID: 31212631 PMCID: PMC6631248 DOI: 10.3390/v11060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N2 viruses hit poultry farms in Taiwan in 2003, and evolved into highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in 2010. These viruses are reassortant viruses containing HA and NA genes from American-lineage H5N2 and six internal genes from local H6N1 viruses. According to a serological survey, the Taiwan H5N2 viruses can cause asymptomatic infections in poultry workers. Therefore, a development of influenza H5N2 vaccines is desirable for pandemic preparation. In this study, we employed reverse genetics to generate a vaccine virus having HA and NA genes from A/Chicken/CY/A2628/2012 (E7, LPAI) and six internal genes from a Vero cell-adapted high-growth H5N1 vaccine virus (Vero-15). The reassortant H5N2 vaccine virus, E7-V15, presented high-growth efficiency in Vero cells (512 HAU, 107.6 TCID50/mL), and passed all tests for qualification of candidate vaccine viruses. In ferret immunization, two doses of inactivated whole virus antigens (3 μg of HA protein) adjuvanted with alum could induce robust antibody response (HI titre 113.14). In conclusion, we have established reverse genetics to generate a qualified reassortant H5N2 vaccine virus for further development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Ferrets
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/growth & development
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Reassortant Viruses/genetics
- Reassortant Viruses/growth & development
- Reassortant Viruses/immunology
- Reassortant Viruses/isolation & purification
- Reverse Genetics
- Taiwan
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
- Vero Cells
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ling Chen
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Alan Yung-Chih Hu
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yang Lin
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Chuan Weng
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Chun Lai
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
- College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Fen Tseng
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chu Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
- Animal Health Research Institutes, Danshui, New Taipei City 25158, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Yuan Chia
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chin Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei 23742, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Tsui Yeh
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei 23742, Taiwan.
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Min-Shi Lee
- National Institution of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
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