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Gao BG, Huang LF, Xie P. Effectiveness and safety of a mumps containing vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed mumps cases from 2002 to 2017: A meta-analysis. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220820. [PMID: 38465337 PMCID: PMC10921504 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has figured that serum conversion rate of mumps is a crucial link of mumps disease. Nevertheless, a rising number of mumps outbreaks caused our attention and studies examining the serum conversion cases were conducted in small samples previously; this meta-analysis was conducted to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a mumps containing vaccine (MuCV) before 2019. We identified a total of 17 studies from the year of 2002-2017. In the case-control studies, the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of MuCV in preventing laboratory-confirmed mumps was 68% (odds risk: 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14-0.70) while in the cohort studies and randomised control trials, 58% (relative risk [RR]: 0.42; 95% CI, 0.26-0.69). Similar intervals of effectiveness rates were found during non-outbreak periods compared with outbreak periods (VE: 66%; RR: 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18-0.68 versus VE: 49%; RR: 0.51; 95% CI, 0.21-1.27). In addition, the MuCV group with two and three doses did not show enhanced laboratory-confirmed mumps than one dose (VE: 58%; RR: 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20-0.88 versus VE: 65%, RR: 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20-0.61) for the reason of the overlap of 95% CI. MuCV had comparable effectiveness comparing non-outbreak and outbreak period, one dose, and two or three doses. MuCV displayed acceptable adverse event profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Gang Gao
- Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Office, Department of Medicine, ChuZhou City Vocational College, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ling-feng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Community Health Service Center in Nantou, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Office, Department of Medicine, ChuZhou City Vocational College, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, China
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2
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van den Boogaard J, de Gier B, de Oliveira Bressane Lima P, Desai S, de Melker HE, Hahné SJM, Veldhuijzen IK. Immunogenicity, duration of protection, effectiveness and safety of rubella containing vaccines: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2021; 39:889-900. [PMID: 33454135 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubella containing vaccines (RCV) prevent rubella virus infection and subsequent congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). To update the evidence on immunogenicity, duration of protection, effectiveness and safety of RCV, we conducted a systematic literature review. METHODS We searched EMBASE and SCOPUS, using keywords for rubella vaccine in combination with immunogenicity (seroconversion and seropositivity), duration of protection, efficacy/effectiveness, and safety. Original research papers involving at least one dose of RCV (at any age), published between 1-1-2010 and 17-5-2019 were included. Where appropriate, meta-analyses were performed. Quality of included studies was assessed using GRADE methodology. RESULTS We included 36 papers (32 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 observational studies) on immunogenicity (RA27/3 strain) in children and adolescent girls, 14 papers (5 RCTs and 9 observational studies) on duration of protection, one paper on vaccine effectiveness (VE) (BRDII strain), and 74 studies on safety, including three on safety in pregnancy. Meta-analysis of immunogenicity data showed 99% seroconversion (95% CI: 98-99%) after a single dose of RCV in children, independent of co-administration with other vaccines. Seroconversion after RCV1 below 9 months of age (BRDII strain, at 8 months) was 93% (95% CI: 92-95%). For duration of protection, the included studies showed a seropositivity of 88%-100% measured 1-20 years after one or two RCV doses. The single study on VE of BRDII strain, reported 100% VE after one and two doses. Among 34,332 individuals participating in the RCTs, 140 severe adverse events (SAEs) were reported as possibly related to RCV. Among the case reports on SAEs, the association with RCV was confirmed in one report (on fulminant encephalitis). Among 3,000 pregnant women who were inadvertently vaccinated, no SAEs were reported. CONCLUSIONS One and two doses of RCV are highly immunogenic for a long period of time, effective in preventing rubella and CRS, and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossy van den Boogaard
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; European Programme for Intervention Epidemiology Training (EPIET), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Brechje de Gier
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Priscila de Oliveira Bressane Lima
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Shalini Desai
- World Health Organization, Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hester E de Melker
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Susan J M Hahné
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Irene K Veldhuijzen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Toh ZQ, Temple B, Huu TN, Dai VTT, Toan NT, Uyen DY, Bright K, Do LAH, Mulholland EK, Licciardi PV. Brief communication: immunogenicity of measles vaccine when co-administered with 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:76. [PMID: 32864166 PMCID: PMC7434759 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief communication describes the findings from a randomised controlled trial in Vietnam that co-administration of measles vaccine (MV) with 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10, Synflorix®, GSK) does not affect the immunogenicity of MV. These findings are most relevant for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia considering PCV introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Quan Toh
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Beth Temple
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tran Ngoc Huu
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vo Thi Trang Dai
- Microbiology and Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Trong Toan
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Doan Y. Uyen
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kathryn Bright
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - E. Kim Mulholland
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Department of Infectious Disease and Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul V. Licciardi
- New Vaccines, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
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Dolhain J, Janssens W, Dindore V, Mihalyi A. Infant vaccine co-administration: review of 18 years of experience with GSK's hexavalent vaccine co-administered with routine childhood vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:419-443. [PMID: 32419537 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1758560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The benefits of vaccine co-administration include improved vaccine acceptance and uptake resulting in an increased coverage and protection against multiple childhood diseases, with minimal medical visits. The diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-poliomyelitis-Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib) has been available for more than 19 years and is recommended for co-administration with several other infant vaccines. AREAS COVERED This is a comprehensive review (34 studies, 21,000 participants) describing the immunogenicity and safety of DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib when co-administered with 12 different vaccines in infants including pneumococcal, meningococcal, rotavirus or measles-mumps-rubella-varicella. EXPERT OPINION Interactions among co-administered vaccines are complex. Therefore, co-administration data are critical before a vaccination regimen can be recommended. Co-administration of DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib with other routinely administered vaccines was associated with high percentages of children achieving seroprotection/vaccine response against DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib antigens. In addition, co-administration was not associated with clinically significant interference in immune responses to co-administered vaccines and was well tolerated. Increased systemic reactions observed with some combinations (DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib + pneumococcal conjugate or meningococcal serogroup B vaccines) were mitigated by prophylactic paracetamol administration. The data reported here, which represent the most frequently used co-administrations of DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib worldwide, support the concomitant administration of DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib with other routinely recommended infant vaccines.
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Lecrenier N, Marijam A, Olbrecht J, Soumahoro L, Nieto Guevara J, Mungall B. Ten years of experience with the pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine (Synflorix) in children. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:247-265. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1738226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
There is substantial variation between individuals in the immune response to vaccination. In this review, we provide an overview of the plethora of studies that have investigated factors that influence humoral and cellular vaccine responses in humans. These include intrinsic host factors (such as age, sex, genetics, and comorbidities), perinatal factors (such as gestational age, birth weight, feeding method, and maternal factors), and extrinsic factors (such as preexisting immunity, microbiota, infections, and antibiotics). Further, environmental factors (such as geographic location, season, family size, and toxins), behavioral factors (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and sleep), and nutritional factors (such as body mass index, micronutrients, and enteropathy) also influence how individuals respond to vaccines. Moreover, vaccine factors (such as vaccine type, product, adjuvant, and dose) and administration factors (schedule, site, route, time of vaccination, and coadministered vaccines and other drugs) are also important. An understanding of all these factors and their impacts in the design of vaccine studies and decisions on vaccination schedules offers ways to improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy.
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Shah N, Parikh R, Casabona G, Kolhapure S. A New Combined Vaccine Against Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella in India. Indian Pediatr 2018; 54:1041-1046. [PMID: 29317560 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-017-1209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A quadrivalent MMRV (measles-mumps-rubella-varicella) combination vaccine has recently been launched in India. This vaccine is highly immunogenic, with seroconversion rates against all antigens reaching 96.6-100% at 42 to 56 days after the second vaccine dose in unvaccinated children or in those previously vaccinated with MMR+/-V. Two doses efficacy, against all varicella is 94.1% and effectiveness reaches 91%. The most frequent solicited local adverse event after MMRV vaccine is redness, and fever is the most common solicited general symptom. Higher rates of fever and febrile convulsions compared to MMR+/-V have been reported when used as first dose but not when used as the second of a measles containing vaccine, irrespective of age of the second dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Shah
- PD Hinduja National Hospital, and #GSK; Mumbai, India; and $GSK, Wavre, Belgium. Correspondence to: Dr Raunak Parikh,GSK, Dr Annie Besant Rd, 400030 Mumbai, India.
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Immunogenicity and Safety of 10-valent Pneumococcal Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D Conjugate Vaccine (PHiD-CV) Administered to Children With Sickle Cell Disease Between 8 Weeks and 2 Years of Age: A Phase III, Open, Controlled Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36:e136-e150. [PMID: 28403055 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) were evaluated in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), who are at increased risk for infections. METHODS In this phase III, open-label, single-center, controlled study in Burkina Faso (NCT01175083), children with SCD (S) or without SCD (NS) were assigned to 6 groups (N = 300): children 8-11 weeks of age (<6 months; <6S and <6NS groups) received 3 primary doses and a booster dose of PHiD-CV coadministered with routine childhood vaccines; children 7-11 months of age (7-11S and 7-11NS groups) received 2 primary doses and a booster dose of PHiD-CV; children 12-23 months of age (12-23S and 12-23NS groups) received 2 catch-up doses of PHiD-CV. Pneumococcal antibody responses were measured using 22F-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and functional opsonophagocytic activity. Responses to other antigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Adverse events were recorded. RESULTS One month postprimary vaccination, for each vaccine serotype ≥98% of infants in the <6S and <6NS groups had antibody concentrations ≥0.2 µg/mL, except for 6B (≥85%) and 23F (≥89%). Immune responses to PHiD-CV after age-appropriate vaccination in children <2 years did not appear influenced by SCD. All infants were seroprotected/seropositive for diphtheria, tetanus and Bordetella pertussis antigens postprimary and booster vaccination. Safety and reactogenicity profiles were similar in children with or without SCD. CONCLUSIONS PHiD-CV was immunogenic with an acceptable safety profile in children with and without SCD starting vaccination at 8 weeks to 23 months of age.
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Silfverdal SA, Coremans V, François N, Borys D, Cleerbout J. Safety profile of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV). Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 16:109-121. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1164044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Durando P, Esposito S, Bona G, Cuccia M, Desole MG, Ferrera G, Gabutti G, Pellegrino A, Salvini F, Henry O, Povey M, Marchetti F. The immunogenicity and safety of a tetravalent measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine when co-administered with conjugated meningococcal C vaccine to healthy children: A phase IIIb, randomized, multi-center study in Italy. Vaccine 2016; 34:4278-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dicko A, Dicko Y, Barry A, Sidibe Y, Mahamar A, Santara G, Dolo A, Diallo A, Doumbo O, Shafi F, François N, Yarzabal JP, Strezova A, Borys D, Schuerman L. Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of 2-dose catch-up vaccination with 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Malian children in the second year of life: Results from an open study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 11:2207-14. [PMID: 26020101 PMCID: PMC4635909 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1016679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is still the leading cause of death among African children with pneumococcal serotypes 1 and 5 being dominant in the below 5 y of age group. The present study assessed the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a 2-dose catch-up vaccination with the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae Protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Malian children. This phase III, open-label study (NCT00985465) was conducted in Ouelessebougou, Mali, between November 2009 and July 2010. The study population consisted of PHiD-CV unprimed Malian children previously enrolled in the control group of study NCT00678301 receiving a 2-dose catch-up vaccination with PHiD-CV in the second year of life. Adverse events were recorded following each PHiD-CV dose. Antibody responses and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) were measured pre-vaccination and after the second PHiD-CV catch-up dose. Swelling and fever (axillary temperature ≥ 37.5°C) were the most frequently reported solicited symptoms following either PHiD-CV dose. Few grade 3 solicited symptoms were reported. Large swelling reactions and serious adverse events were not reported. Post-catch-up vaccination, for each vaccine pneumococcal serotype, at least 94.7% of subjects had antibody concentrations ≥ 0.2 μg/ml, except for serotypes 6B (82.5%) and 23F (87.7%). At least 94.0% of subjects had OPA titres ≥ 8, except for serotype 19F (89.4%). The geometric mean concentration for antibodies against protein D was 839.3 (95% CI: 643.5-1094.6) EL.U/ml. Two-dose PHiD-CV catch-up regimen in the second year of life was well-tolerated and immunogenic for all vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and NTHi protein D when administered to Malian children
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Key Words
- 22F-ELISA, 22F-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- 7vCRM, 7-valent pneumococcal CRM197 conjugate vaccine
- AE, adverse event
- ATP, according-to-protocol
- CI, confidence interval
- DTPw-HBV/Hib, diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis, hepatitis B virus/Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
- EL.U, ELISA unit
- GAVI, Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization
- GMC, geometric mean concentration
- GMT, geometric mean titer
- IPD, invasive pneumococcal disease
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- LAR, legally acceptable representative
- Mali
- NTHi, non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae
- OPA, opsonophagocytic activity
- OPV, oral live attenuated poliovirus vaccine
- PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
- PHiD-CV
- PHiD-CV, pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) protein D conjugate vaccine
- SAE, serious adverse event
- SD, standard deviation
- catch-up vaccination
- immunogenicity
- pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
- reactogenicity
- safety
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Affiliation(s)
- Alassane Dicko
- a Malaria Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Pharmacy and Dentistry; University of Bamako ; Bamako , Mali
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A number of pneumococcal vaccines have long been available and have been used to reduce the medical, social, and economic problems associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae-related diseases. AREAS COVERED The main purpose of this review was to analyze what has been, until recently, the established doctrine regarding the safety and tolerability of pneumococcal vaccines that have been used in the past and are currently being used in children. EXPERT OPINION Pneumococcal vaccines available on the market are all safe and are highly recommended in clinical practice. In children, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are considered the preparations of choice because of their enhanced immunogenicity and superior ability to impact nasopharyngeal carriage. All PCVs are considered safe because the incidence of severe adverse events (AEs) is marginal. Nonetheless, evidence has emerged from post-marketing surveillance regarding the occurrence of very rare but significant potential AEs following PCV administration. Therefore, post-marketing surveillance should be maintained to confirm the existence of these AEs. Over the next few years, other pneumococcal vaccines will be developed. When these new products are licensed and reach the market, new technologies and innovative epidemiological methods will permit a more rapid and more effective evaluation of AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- a Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
| | - Nicola Principi
- a Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation , Università degli Studi di Milano Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico , Milan , Italy
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Wijmenga-Monsuur AJ, van Westen E, Knol MJ, Jongerius RMC, Zancolli M, Goldblatt D, van Gageldonk PGM, Tcherniaeva I, Berbers GAM, Rots NY. Direct Comparison of Immunogenicity Induced by 10- or 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine around the 11-Month Booster in Dutch Infants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144739. [PMID: 26658902 PMCID: PMC4690595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Since 2009/10, a 10- and a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) are available, but only the 10-valent vaccine is now being used for the children in the Netherlands. As the vaccines differ in number of serotypes, antigen concentration, and carrier proteins this study was designed to directly compare quantity and quality of the antibody responses induced by PCV10 and PCV13 before and after the 11-month booster. METHODS Dutch infants (n = 132) were immunized with either PCV10 or PCV13 and DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB at the age of 2, 3, 4 and 11 months. Blood samples were collected pre-booster and post-booster at one week and one month post-booster for quantitative and qualitative immunogenicity against 13 pneumococcal serotypes, as well as quantitative immunogenicity against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b. We compared immunogenicity induced by PCV13 and PCV10 for their ten shared serotypes. RESULTS One month post-booster, pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) for the PCV13 group were higher compared with the PCV10 group for six serotypes, although avidity was lower. Serotype 19F showed the most distinct difference in IgG and, in contrast to other serotypes, its avidity was higher in the PCV13 group. One week post-booster, opsonophagocytosis for serotype 19F did not differ significantly between the PCV10- and the PCV13 group. CONCLUSION Both PCV10 and PCV13 were immunogenic and induced a booster response. Compared to the PCV10 group, the PCV13 group showed higher levels for serotype 19F GMCs and avidity, pre- as well as post-booster, although opsonophagocytosis did not differ significantly between groups. In our study, avidity is not correlated to opsonophagocytotic activity (OPA) and correlations between IgG and OPA differ per serotype. Therefore, besides assays to determine IgG GMCs, assays to detect opsonophagocytotic activity, i.e., the actual killing of the pneumococcus, are important for PCV evaluation. How differences between the two vaccines relate to long-term protection requires further investigation. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.trialregister.nl NTR3069.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Child, Preschool
- Diphtheria/immunology
- Diphtheria/microbiology
- Diphtheria/prevention & control
- Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage
- Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine/immunology
- Haemophilus Infections/immunology
- Haemophilus Infections/microbiology
- Haemophilus Infections/prevention & control
- Haemophilus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Haemophilus Vaccines/immunology
- Haemophilus influenzae type b/drug effects
- Haemophilus influenzae type b/immunology
- Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization Schedule
- Immunization, Secondary
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Infant
- Netherlands
- Pneumococcal Infections/immunology
- Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology
- Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Pneumococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated/immunology
- Serotyping
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/classification
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects
- Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology
- Tetanus/immunology
- Tetanus/microbiology
- Tetanus/prevention & control
- Time Factors
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccines, Combined/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Combined/immunology
- Vaccines, Conjugate/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
- Whooping Cough/immunology
- Whooping Cough/microbiology
- Whooping Cough/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Alienke J. Wijmenga-Monsuur
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Els van Westen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J. Knol
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Riet M. C. Jongerius
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Zancolli
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldblatt
- University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter G. M. van Gageldonk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Tcherniaeva
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Guy A. M. Berbers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Y. Rots
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Ma SJ, Xiong YQ, Jiang LN, Chen Q. Risk of febrile seizure after measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine 2015; 33:3636-49. [PMID: 26073015 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the febrile seizure rate, there is no longer a clear preference for use of measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine over separate measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella (V) vaccine. This work was undertaken to assess the risk of febrile seizure after MMRV vaccine in children. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, BIOSIS Previews, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and other databases through 12 December 2014. Meta-analysis was conducted using R version 3.1.2 and Stata version 12.0. RESULTS A total of thirty-nine studies were included. Thirty-one published or unpublished clinical trials involving about 40,000 subjects did not show significant differences in incidence of febrile seizure or vaccine related febrile seizure between MMRV and MMR with or without varicella vaccine after any doses, in the risk windows of 0-28, 0-42 or 0-56 days and 7-10 days. In addition, these studies showed that the receipt of concomitant use of MMRV and other pediatric vaccines was not a significant predictor of febrile seizure. Eight post-marketing observations involving more than 3,200,000 subjects were included. No evidence suggested elevated risk of febrile seizure associated with MMRV vaccine among children aged 4-6 years old during 7-10 days or 0-42 days after vaccination. However, an approximately 2-fold increase in risk of seizure or febrile seizure during 7-10 days or 5-12 days after MMRV vaccination was found among children aged 10-24 months, although the highest incidence of seizure was still lower than 2.95‰. CONCLUSIONS First MMRV vaccine dose in children aged 10-24 months was associated with an elevated risk of seizure or febrile seizure. Further post-marketing restudies based on more rigorous study design are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li-Na Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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10-Valent pneumococcal non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine: a review in infants and children. Paediatr Drugs 2014; 16:425-44. [PMID: 25192686 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-014-0089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) (Synflorix™) includes ten serotype-specific polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae, eight of which are conjugated individually to a nonlipidated cell-surface lipoprotein (protein D) of non-typeable H. influenzae and two of which are conjugated to nontoxic tetanus or diphtheria toxoid carrier proteins. This article provides an overview of the well-established immunogenicity of PHiD-CV, including functional immune responses and immunologic memory, as well as immune responses in preterm infants and HIV-infected children. It also includes a brief discussion of cross-protection against vaccine-related serotypes (6A and 19A) and focuses on labelling in the EU, where PHiD-CV is approved for active immunization against invasive disease, pneumonia, and acute otitis media (AOM) caused by S. pneumoniae in infants and young children up to 5 years of age. Evidence of the protective efficacy and effectiveness of PHiD-CV against pneumococcal diseases is available from several studies, including the randomized, double-blind trials COMPAS (Clinical Otitis Media and Pneumonia Study) and FinIP (Finnish Invasive Pneumococcal disease), as well as postmarketing studies from various countries. As would be expected, protection against pneumonia or AOM is substantially lower than that against invasive pneumococcal disease, as many micro-organisms other than pneumococcal vaccine serotypes can cause pneumonia and AOM, thereby limiting the overall protection of PHiD-CV against these diseases. PHiD-CV has a safety and reactogenicity profile similar to that of other pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.
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Macartney K, Heywood A, McIntyre P. Vaccines for post-exposure prophylaxis against varicella (chickenpox) in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD001833. [PMID: 24954057 PMCID: PMC7061782 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001833.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevention of varicella (chickenpox) using live attenuated varicella vaccines has been demonstrated both in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and in population-based immunisation programmes in countries such as the United States and Australia. Many countries do not routinely immunise children against varicella and exposures continue to occur. Although the disease is often mild, complications such as secondary bacterial infection, pneumonitis and encephalitis occur in about 1% of cases, usually leading to hospitalisation. The use of varicella vaccine in persons who have recently been exposed to the varicella zoster virus has been studied as a form of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy and safety of vaccines for use as PEP for the prevention of varicella in children and adults. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2014, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1966 to March week 1, 2014), EMBASE (January 1990 to March 2014) and LILACS (1982 to March 2014). We searched for unpublished trials registered on the clinicaltrials.gov and WHO ICTRP websites. SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs and quasi-RCTs of varicella vaccine for PEP compared with placebo or no intervention. The outcome measures were efficacy in prevention of clinical cases and/or laboratory-confirmed clinical cases and adverse events following vaccination. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted and analysed data using Review Manager software. MAIN RESULTS We identified three trials involving 110 healthy children who were siblings of household contacts. The included trials varied in study quality, vaccine used, length of follow-up and outcomes measured and, as such, were not suitable for meta-analysis. We identified high or unclear risk of bias in two of the three included studies. Overall, 13 out of 56 vaccine recipients (23%) developed varicella compared with 42 out of 54 placebo (or no vaccine) recipients (78%). Of the vaccine recipients who developed varicella, the majority only had mild disease (with fewer than 50 skin lesions). In the three trials, most participants received PEP within three days following exposure; too few participants were vaccinated four to five days post-exposure to ascertain the efficacy of vaccine given more than three days after exposure. No included trial reported on adverse events following immunisation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS These small trials suggest varicella vaccine administered within three days to children following household contact with a varicella case reduces infection rates and severity of cases. We identified no RCTs for adolescents or adults. Safety was not adequately addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Macartney
- Children's Hospital at Westmead and University of SydneyNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable DiseasesLocked Bag 4001WestmeadSydneyNSWAustralia2145
| | - Anita Heywood
- University of New South WalesSchool of Public Health and Community MedicineLevel 2, Samuels BuildingGate 11, Botany StreetKensingtonNSWAustralia2052
| | - Peter McIntyre
- Children's Hospital at Westmead and University of SydneyNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable DiseasesLocked Bag 4001WestmeadSydneyNSWAustralia2145
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Prymula R, Habib A, François N, Borys D, Schuerman L. Immunological memory and nasopharyngeal carriage in 4-year-old children previously primed and boosted with 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) with or without concomitant prophylactic paracetamol. Vaccine 2013; 31:2080-8. [PMID: 23391599 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylactic paracetamol (PP) was previously shown to reduce primary and booster antibody responses against the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV). This study further evaluated the effect of PP on antibody persistence, immunological memory and nasopharyngeal carriage (NPC). METHODS Two hundred and twenty children previously primed (3 doses, NCT00370318) and boosted (NCT00496015) with PHiD-CV with (PP group) or without (NPP group) prophylactic paracetamol administration received one PHiD-CV dose in their fourth year of life to assess the induction of immunological memory following previous immunisations. A control group of age-matched unprimed children enrolled in study NCT00496015 received an investigational tetravalent Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W-135, Y tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine, and thus remained unprimed for pneumococcal vaccination. Of these, 223 unprimed children received in the present study at least one PHiD-CV dose of a 2-dose catch-up regimen, which was relevant as control for assessment of immunological memory in PHiD-CV primed children. RESULTS Induction of immunological memory was shown irrespective of PP administration at primary and booster vaccination. Antibody geometric mean concentrations were lower in the PP group for serotypes 1, 4, 7F and 9V. Opsonophagocytic titres did not differ significantly between PP and NPP groups. Previous use of PP seemed to have only a minor impact on kinetics of antibody persistence. Reduced NPC of vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and trends towards increased NPC of non-vaccine and non-cross-reactive serotypes were seen in primed groups versus the control group, with no obvious differences between PP and NPP groups. CONCLUSION Regardless of whether previous PHiD-CV vaccination was given with or without PP, induction of immunological memory and persistence of PHiD-CV's impact on carriage was seen until at least 28 months post-booster vaccination. Our study results therefore suggest that the lower immune responses after primary and booster vaccination with PP are of transient nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Prymula
- University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Dicko A, Santara G, Mahamar A, Sidibe Y, Barry A, Dicko Y, Diallo A, Dolo A, Doumbo O, Shafi F, François N, Strezova A, Borys D, Schuerman L. Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Malian children. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:382-8. [PMID: 23291945 PMCID: PMC3859761 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary vaccination with the 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) was previously shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated in Malian children. Data on booster vaccination with a fourth consecutive dose of PHiD-CV are available for Europe, Asia and Latin America but are lacking for Africa. The present study evaluated further the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a fourth consecutive (booster) dose of PHiD-CV. RESULTS Low incidences of AEs with grade 3 intensity (2.1% of subjects) were observed. There were no reports of large swelling reactions and serious adverse events. One month post-booster vaccination, for each vaccine pneumococcal serotype, at least 97.8% of subjects had antibody concentrations ≥ 0.2 μg/ml, and at least 97.1% of subjects had opsonophagocytic activity ≥ 8. From pre- to post-booster, a 12.3-fold increase in anti-protein D geometric mean concentration was observed. METHODS This phase III, open-label study was conducted in Ouelessebougou, Mali, between November 2009 and June 2010. The study population consisted of Malian children previously primed (3 doses) with PHiD-CV in study NCT00678301 receiving a fourth consecutive (booster) dose of PHiD-CV in the second year of life. The incidences of adverse events (AEs) with grade 3 intensity (primary objective) or of any intensity (secondary objective), and the immunogenicity (secondary objective) of the PHiD-CV booster dose were assessed. CONCLUSION A booster dose of PHiD-CV was well tolerated when administered to Malian children in the second year of life and was highly immunogenic for all 10 vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and NTHi protein D. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00985465).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre; Faculty of Medicine; Pharmacy and Dentistry; University of Bamako; Bamako, Mali; Department of Public Health; Faculty of Medicine; Pharmacy and Dentistry; University of Bamako; Bamako, Mali
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Immunogenicity and safety of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine coadministered with the tetravalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in toddlers: a randomized trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013; 32:62-71. [PMID: 23076383 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e3182784143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This open, randomized clinical trial (NCT00758264) evaluated the coadministration of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) and a single dose of the tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) in Taiwanese and Mexican toddlers. METHODS Healthy toddlers aged 12-23 months (N = 363) were randomized (2:1:1) to receive either both vaccines at first visit, MenACWY-TT at first visit and 1 month later PHiD-CV, or PHiD-CV at first visit and 1 month later MenACWY-TT. Immune responses were measured 1 month after MenACWY-TT vaccination by meningococcal serum bactericidal activity (rSBA) assay and 1 month after PHiD-CV vaccination by pneumococcal 22F-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and functional opsonophagocytic activity assay. Solicited and unsolicited symptoms were recorded for days 4 and 31 postvaccination, respectively. Serious adverse events were recorded throughout the study. RESULTS The prespecified criteria for noninferiority of coadministration versus individual administrations were met for all meningococcal serogroups (in terms of percentages of toddlers with rSBA titer ≥8) and all vaccine pneumococcal serotypes (in terms of antibody geometric mean concentration ratios), except pneumococcal serotype 18C. For each meningococcal serogroup, ≥97.5% of toddlers across the 3 groups had rSBA titers ≥128 at 1 month after MenACWY-TT vaccination. For each pneumococcal serotype, at 1 month after PHiD-CV vaccination, ≥96.0% and ≥92.9% of toddlers across the 3 groups had antibody concentrations ≥0.2 µg/mL and opsonophagocytic activity titers ≥8, respectively. The safety profiles of both vaccines when coadministered were clinically acceptable. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the coadministration of PHiD-CV and MenACWY-TT in toddlers.
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Rowhani-Rahbar A, Klein NP, Dekker CL, Edwards KM, Marchant CD, Vellozzi C, Fireman B, Sejvar JJ, Halsey NA, Baxter R. Biologically plausible and evidence-based risk intervals in immunization safety research. Vaccine 2012; 31:271-7. [PMID: 22835735 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In immunization safety research, individuals are considered at risk for the development of certain adverse events following immunization (AEFI) within a specific period of time referred to as the risk interval. These intervals should ideally be determined based on biologic plausibility considering features of the AEFI, presumed or known pathologic mechanism, and the vaccine. Misspecification of the length and timing of these intervals may result in introducing bias in epidemiologic and clinical studies of immunization safety. To date, little work has been done to formally assess and determine biologically plausible and evidence-based risk intervals in immunization safety research. In this report, we present a systematic process to define biologically plausible and evidence-based risk interval estimates for two specific AEFIs, febrile seizures and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. In addition, we review methodologic issues related to the determination of risk intervals for consideration in future studies of immunization safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA 94612, United States.
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21
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Lin TY, Lu CY, Chang LY, Chiu CH, Huang YC, Bock HL, Tang H, François N, Moreira M, Schuerman L, Huang LM. Immunogenicity and safety of 10-valent pneumococcal non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D-conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) co-administered with routine childhood vaccines in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 111:495-503. [PMID: 23021506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The immunogenicity and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (H. Influenzae) protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV), co-administered with routine childhood vaccines, were assessed in Taiwanese infants. METHODS In this open study, 230 healthy infants were primed with three doses of PHiD-CV (Synflorix) and diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B (HBV), inactivated poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine) at 1.5, 3 and 6 months of age and two doses of oral human rotavirus vaccine at 1.5 and 3 months. Pneumococcal immune responses were assessed 1 month post-dose three, by 22F-inhibition ELISA and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) assay. Local and general solicited/unsolicited symptoms and serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded. RESULTS At least 95.4% of participants had an antibody concentration ≥ 0.2 μg/mL against each vaccine serotype. At least 96.1% of participants had an OPA titer ≥ 8 against each vaccine serotype except 6B (87.3%). All infants, but one, were seropositive for antibodies against nontypeable H. influenzae protein D. Immune responses to the co-administered vaccines were good and in line with previous reports. PHiD-CV was well tolerated, with low (≤ 6.3%) incidences of grade 3 solicited local symptoms. The frequencies of general symptoms were in line with other pneumococcal conjugate vaccine studies. There were no systematic increases in incidences of solicited general or local symptoms with successive doses. There were no reports of grade 3 fever (rectal temperature > 40 °C) or SAEs considered to be causally related to vaccination. CONCLUSION PHiD-CV co-administered with routine childhood vaccines within the first 6 months of life, was highly immunogenic, and well tolerated in Taiwanese infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzou-Yien Lin
- Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taiwan
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Response to primary and booster vaccination with 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine in Korean infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30:e235-43. [PMID: 21817957 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e31822a8541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomized single-blind study in Korea evaluated noninferiority of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) versus the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vCRM) when both were coadministered with H. influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine, as opposed to coadministration with diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-based combination vaccines in previous studies. METHODS Infants received 3 primary doses at 2, 4, and 6 months and a booster dose at 12 to 18 months of PHiD-CV (N = 374) or 7vCRM (N = 129), both coadministered with Hib vaccine. Immune responses were measured 1 month postdose 3 and postbooster using 22F-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and functional opsonophagocytic activity assay. RESULTS PHiD-CV-induced antibody responses against each of the vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and protein D. Noninferiority to 7vCRM was demonstrated for all 10 PHiD-CV serotypes in terms of percentages of subjects reaching an antibody concentration ≥0.2 μg/mL after primary vaccination. Postprimary and postbooster, percentages of subjects with antibody concentration ≥0.2 μg/mL or opsonophagocytic activity titer ≥8 were generally consistent between groups for each pneumococcal serotype common to both vaccines. The safety and reactogenicity profiles of PHiD-CV and 7vCRM were generally comparable after both primary and booster vaccination. CONCLUSIONS In this Korean study, 3-dose PHiD-CV priming followed by a booster dose was immunogenic for all 10 vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and protein D. Noninferiority to 7vCRM in terms of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay threshold responses postpriming was demonstrated. The safety and reactogenicity profiles of both vaccines when coadministered with Hib vaccine were generally comparable.
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Frenck RW, Yeh S. The development of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and its possible use in adults. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 12:63-77. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.636348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Ruiz-Palacios GM, Guerrero ML, Hernández-Delgado L, Lavalle-Villalobos A, Casas-Muñoz A, Cervantes-Apolinar Y, Moreira M, Schuerman L. Immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in Mexican infants. HUMAN VACCINES 2011; 7:1137-45. [PMID: 22048109 DOI: 10.4161/hv.7.11.17984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity and safety of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PHiD-CV, have been documented in European and Asian studies. In this open study conducted in Mexico (NCT00489554), 230 healthy infants received three doses of PHiD-CV and DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccines at 2, 4 and 6 months of age and two doses of oral human rotavirus vaccine at 2 and 4 months. Serotype-specific pneumococcal responses and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) were measured one month post-dose 3. PHiD-CV's primary vaccination course was highly immunogenic against each of the 10 pneumococcal vaccine serotypes and carrier protein D. Antibody responses against pneumococcal serotypes and protein D were generally higher in Mexican infants compared with European antibody responses, and functional OPA responses were also higher or in the same range. The most frequent solicited local symptom was pain, with high but similar incidences of grade 3 pain reported at both injection sites (up to 15% of all doses). PHiD-CV was well tolerated, with no serious adverse events considered as causally related to vaccination. Most solicited symptoms were mild and there was no increase in incidence of solicited symptoms with successive vaccine doses.
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Safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine coadministered with DTPw-HBV/Hib and poliovirus vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2011; 30:69-72. [PMID: 20980933 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0b013e3181f2da06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The safety and reactogenicity profiles of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PHiD-CV, and 7vCRM were comparable within the Philippines and Poland when coadministered as a booster dose with DTPw-HBV/Hib and poliovirus vaccines to toddlers primed with the same vaccines. Robust immune responses for all 10 vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and protein D following PHiD-CV booster vaccination were indicative of effective priming.
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Tan B, Ismail S. Statement on Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Vaccine: An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS) National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) †. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2010; 36:1-22. [PMID: 31682661 PMCID: PMC6802435 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v36i00a09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Vesikari T, Karvonen A, Ferrante SA, Ciarlet M. Efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq®, in Finnish infants up to 3 years of age: the Finnish Extension Study. Eur J Pediatr 2010; 169:1379-86. [PMID: 20559656 PMCID: PMC2943584 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-010-1242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus Efficacy and Safety Trial (REST) enrolled nearly 70,000 infants, of whom more than 23,000 were from Finland. REST determined the efficacy of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) against rotavirus-related hospitalisations and emergency department (ED) visits in the first year after vaccination. Finnish infants initially in REST transitioned into the Finnish Extension Study (FES), where they were followed for rotavirus-related hospitalisations and ED visits through their second year of life and beyond. FES identified 150 (31%) additional rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) cases beyond those identified in REST in the Finnish participants. Overall, RV5 reduced RVGE hospitalisations and ED visits, regardless of the rotavirus serotype, by 93.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.8-95.9%) for up to 3.1 years following the last vaccine dose. Vaccine efficacy against combined hospitalisations and ED visits between ages 4 months to 11 months, 12 months to 23 months, and 24 months to 35 months was 93.9% (95% CI: 89.1-96.9%), 94.4% (95% CI: 90.2-97.0%), and 85.9% (95% CI: 51.6-97.2%), respectively. The reduction of hospitalisations and ED visits due to any acute gastroenteritis, rotavirus or not, was 62.4% (95% CI: 57.6-66.6%) over the entire follow-up period. The results from FES confirm that RV5 induces high and sustained protection against rotavirus-related hospitalisations and ED visits, and has a very substantial impact on all gastroenteritis-related hospitalisations and ED visits into the third year of life in Finnish children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Vesikari
- Vaccine Research Centre, University of Tampere Medical School, Biokatu 10, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Aino Karvonen
- Vaccine Research Centre, University of Tampere Medical School, Biokatu 10, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Max Ciarlet
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines—Clinical Research, Merck & Co., Inc., North Wales, PA USA
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