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Lee WH, Kung YY, Sun CK, Chang CH, Peng WY, Lin LC, Hsu CH, Yang MH, Tsai TH. The anti-COVID-19 drug nirmatrelvir crosses the blood‒brain barrier and exhibits herb-drug pharmacokinetic interactions with Scutellaria baicalensis formulations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34820. [PMID: 39170551 PMCID: PMC11336326 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Our hypothesis is that nirmatrelvir can penetrate the blood‒brain barrier and reach effective concentrations in the brain. Furthermore, herbal formulations can help maintain nirmatrelvir levels in the body, suggesting potential interactions between these medications. Materials and methods To investigate this hypothesis, an animal model combining multisite microdialysis, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods was developed to monitor nirmatrelvir levels in the blood and brain of rats. Results The pharmacokinetic results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of nirmatrelvir in the blood and brain was 798.3 ± 58.56 and 187.2 ± 23.46 min μg/mL, respectively, after the administration of nirmatrelvir alone (15 mg/kg, iv). When the Scutellaria baicalensis formulations were administered for five consecutive days prior to drug administration, the AUC of nirmatrelvir in the blood increased. Conclusions These results provide constructive preclinical information that the concentrations of nirmatrelvir in the blood and brain were greater than the effective concentration (EC90) for more than 6 h, and the Scutellaria baicalensis formulations had synergistic pharmacokinetic effects by increasing the concentration of nirmatrelvir in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsin Lee
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ying Kung
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kai Sun
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Peng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Branch of Linsen Chinese and Kunming, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Law and Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Law, National Chengchi University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
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Zhou X, Tu Y, Xiong C, Ma C, Wang Y, Liu F, Li K. Evaluating the Efficacy of Hymexazol in Controlling Globisporangium spinosum, the Newly Identified Pathogen Causing Root Rot in Houttuynia cordata. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2081-2089. [PMID: 38386301 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-23-2165-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata is a prevalent vegetable in several Asian countries and is commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicinal herb for treating various diseases in China. Unfortunately, its yield and quality are adversely affected by root rot. However, the pathogen responsible for the losses remains unidentified, and effective fungicides for its management have not been thoroughly explored. In this work, we demonstrate the first report of Globisporangium spinosum as the causative agent causing root rot of H. cordata. Moreover, we evaluated the efficacy of hymexazol to manage the disease, which displayed remarkable inhibitory effects against mycelial growth of G. spinosum in vitro, with EC50 values as low as 1.336 μg/ml. Furthermore, hymexazol completely inhibited sporangia in G. spinosum at a concentration of 0.3125 μg/ml. Specifically, we observed that hymexazol was highly efficacious in reducing the incidence of H. cordata root rot caused by G. spinosum in a greenhouse setting. These findings offer a potential management tool for utilization of hymexazol in controlling H. cordata root rot in field production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yupei Tu
- EPINTEK Guiyang Ltd., Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Chunlan Xiong
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chaoyun Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Vegetable Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Kaihuai Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Institute of Vegetable Industry Technology Research, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Dong J, Su D, Zhao B, Han J, Tu M, Zhang K, Wang F, An Y. Potential Protective Factors for Allergic Rhinitis Patients Infected with COVID-19. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6633-6645. [PMID: 39057037 PMCID: PMC11275266 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, airway allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) were considered as risk factors for COVID-19, as they would aggravate symptoms. With further research, more and more literature has shown that airway allergic disease may not be a high-risk factor, but may be a protective factor for COVID-19 infection, which is closely related to its low-level expression of the ACE2 receptor and the complex cytokines network as underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. In addition, steroid hormones and age factors could not be ignored. In this review, we have summarized some current evidence on the relationship between COVID-19 and allergic rhinitis to highlight the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 infection and provide novel insights for its prevention and treatment. The key findings show that allergic rhinitis and its related molecular mechanisms may have a protective effect against COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyue Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dingyuan Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Fengling Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Uchio R, Okuda-Hanafusa C, Sakaguchi H, Saji R, Muroyama K, Murosaki S, Yamamoto Y, Hirose Y. Curcuma longa extract reduces serum inflammatory markers and postprandial hyperglycemia in healthy but borderline participants with overweight and glycemia in the normal/prediabetes range: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1324196. [PMID: 38347961 PMCID: PMC10859506 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1324196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The spice turmeric, which has the Latin name Curcuma longa (C. longa), has various physiological effects. This study evaluated the effects of a hot water mixture with supercritical carbon dioxide C. longa extracts, CLE, and the potential active components of C. longa, turmeronols A and B and bisacurone on inflammation and glucose metabolism. First, we investigated the effect of CLE and the potential active components of C. longa on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages. We found a significant decrease in the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and nitric oxide with CLE, turmeronol A, and bisacurone, Significant inhibition of each of these substances was also observed, except for TNF-α with turmeronol B. The second part of our work was a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy but borderline adults aged 40 to 69 years with overweight and normal/prediabetes glycemia. We compared blood inflammatory and glycometabolic markers in the CLE (n = 55) and placebo groups (n = 55). We found significantly lower serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and hemoglobin A1c levels in the CLE group. This group also showed significant improvements in postprandial hyperglycemia and insulin sensitivity indices. Our findings indicate that CLE may reduce low-grade inflammation and thus improve insulin sensitivity and postprandial hyperglycemia. Clinical trial registration: https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000051492, UMIN-CTR, UMIN000045106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Uchio
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., Itami, Hyogo, Japan
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Wei P, Luo Q, Hou Y, Zhao F, Li F, Meng Q. Houttuynia Cordata Thunb.: A comprehensive review of traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology and safety. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155195. [PMID: 37956635 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Houttuynia Cordata Thunb. (H. cordata; Saururaceae) is a medicine food homology plant that is grown in many Asian countries. Its main phytochemical constituents are volatile oils, flavonoids, polysaccharides and alkaloids. It has considerable clinical applications and health benefits. PURPOSE This paper reviews the existing literatures and patents, summarizes the phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, safety and economic botanical applications of H. cordata, and provides a reference for systematic study of the pharmacological effects of H. cordata, improvement of quality standards and further development of its medicinal resources. METHODS A comprehensive search of literature and patents on H. cordata and its active ingredients published before June 2023 was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and China Knowledge Network. RESULTS H. cordata is not only edible and medicinal but also used in various aspects of daily life such as fermented beverages, nutraceuticals, feed and cosmetics. The main phytochemical constituents of H. cordata are volatile oils, flavonoids, organic acids and alkaloids. Several in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials have found that H. cordata extracts possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and renal, immunomodulatory and potent antiviral effects. The mechanisms of expression of these pharmacological effects are related to the blood-brain barrier, lipophilicity, cAMP signaling and skin permeability, including blocking the MAPK signaling pathway, inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β, and activating the AMPK pathway. CONCLUSION This paper provides a comprehensive review of the progress of research on the traditional applications, botany, chemical composition, pharmacological effects and safety of H. cordata and discusses for the first time the economic botanical aspects, which were not explored in the previous reviews. H. cordata has a wide range of bioactive substances whose therapeutic potential has not been fully exploited, and it could provide a new non-toxic approach to many diseases. This traditional medicinal food plant should receive more attention and in-depth research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yun Hou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Qingguo Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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Rahim MA, Singha SK, Foez SA, Sinha S, Noor-E-Alam SM, Das DC, Ahmed F, Mahtab M. Scientific Insights for Drug Development Based on Normal Habitat of Tribal Population of Manipur: An Observational Study Regarding the Implication of " Houttuynia cordata". Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2023; 13:142-144. [PMID: 38222950 PMCID: PMC10785134 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new and novel drugs starts following a path of targeting possible candidate drug, elucidation their mechanism of action, animal studies, and finally after the completion of phases I/II and III clinical trials. The fundamental raw materials of drugs may be synthetic substances or plants. Many plants are habitually used in many countries as food or for the remedy of diseases. We found that a tribal population of Bangladesh use an herbal plant regularly and this plant has been shown to have potential positive effect for management of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The present observation assessed the incidence and fatality of this community inhabitants due to COVID-19. Although a conclusion cannot be reached due to small sample size, this approach and theological concept may be helpful for the development, discovery, and innovation of new drugs for different pathological conditions. How to cite this article Rahim MA, Singha SK, Foez SA, et al. Scientific Insights for Drug Development Based on Normal Habitat of Tribal Population of Manipur: An Observational Study Regarding the Implication of "Houttuynia cordata". Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2023;13(2):142-144.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abdur Rahim
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Syed Abul Foez
- Department of Hepatology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Sunia Sinha
- Department of Hepatology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Dulal Chandra Das
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faysal Ahmed
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Musarrat Mahtab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ho TY, Lo HY, Lu GL, Liao PY, Hsiang CY. Analysis of target organs of Houttuynia cordata: A study on the anti-inflammatory effect of upper respiratory system. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116687. [PMID: 37244408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (HC) is a traditional anti-pyretic herb that is classified as the lung meridian in traditional Chinese medicine. However, no articles have explored the main organs responsible for the anti-inflammatory activities of HC. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to investigate the meridian tropism theory of HC in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pyretic mice, as well as to identify the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Transgenic mice carrying the luciferase gene driven by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were intraperitoneally injected with LPS and orally administered standardized concentrated HC aqueous extract. The phytochemicals present in the HC extract were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. In vivo and ex vivo luminescent imaging from transgenic mice was used to investigate the meridian tropism theory and anti-inflammatory effects of HC. Microarray analysis of gene expression patterns was used to elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of HC. RESULTS HC extract was found to contain phenolic acids, such as protocatechuic acid (4.52%) and chlorogenic acid (8.12%), as well as flavonoids like rutin (2.05%) and quercitrin (7.73%). The bioluminescent intensities induced by LPS in the heart, liver, respiratory system, and kidney were significantly suppressed by HC, while the maximal decrease (about 90% reduction) of induced luminescent intensity was observed in the upper respiratory tract. These data suggested that upper respiratory system might be the target for HC anti-inflammatory abilities. HC affected the processes involved in innate immunity, such as chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, inflammatory response, chemotaxis, neutrophil chemotaxis, and cellular response to interleukin-1 (IL-1). Moreover, HC significantly reduced the proportions of p65-stained cells and the amount of IL-1β in trachea tissues. CONCLUSION Bioluminescent imaging coupled with gene expression profile was used to demonstrate the organ selectivity, anti-inflammatory effects, and therapeutic mechanisms of HC. Our data demonstrated for the first time that HC displayed lung meridian-guiding effects and exhibited great anti-inflammatory potential in the upper respiratory tract. The NF-κB and IL-1β pathways were associated with the anti-inflammatory mechanism of HC against LPS-provoked airway inflammation. Moreover, chlorogenic acid and quercitrin might be involved in the anti-inflammatory properties of HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin-Yun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology Asia University, Taichung, 413305, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lo
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ling Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500209, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yun Hsiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, 404333, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Dempsey E, Corr SC, Kukula-Koch W, Sasse A, Sheridan H. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Houttuynia cordata Thunb decoction alters intestinal barrier function via an EGFR dependent MAPK (ERK1/2) signalling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154353. [PMID: 35932606 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A traditionally prepared aqueous extract (= decoction) of Houttuynia cordata Thunb (Yu xing cao) (HC) is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to treat inflammatory disease. Previous chemical and biological studies on HC have mainly focused on organic extracts rather than the aqueous decoction, which is the traditional formulation. PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate whether the chemical composition of HC aqueous decoction (HCD) varies with geographical sourcing, to investigate the mechanism of action of HCD, and to determine if chemical variation impacts on HCDs anti-inflammatory activity. METHOD Sixteen samples of HC were purchased from Sichuan, Hubei and Anhui provinces in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and were prepared by the traditional decoction method to yield their corresponding HCDs. A Quality Control (QC) sample was prepared by combining individual HCD extracts. HCDs were analysed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The anti-inflammatory activities associated with intestinal barrier function of HCD were studied by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activated Caco-2 monolayers in vitro and in vivo using Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced murine colitis. Proteins involved in inflammation, mRNA levels, disease severity scores, and histology involved in intestinal inflammation were analysed. RESULTS HCD samples exhibited different chemical fingerprints and three regional outliers were identified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Fifteen phytochemical metabolites were identified and quantified. HCD showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, enhancing zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, interleukin (IL)-10 and decreasing IL-1β, IL-6 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via an EGFR-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) signaling pathway. This beneficial effect on intestinal inflammation was also seen in the in vivo colitis model at a molecular level in colonic tissues. CONCLUSION This study shows that the test HCDs were chemically different, resulting in different levels of activity on intestinal barrier function and inflammation. Moreover, a "Daodi" product showed the greatest biological activity in this study, thus validating the importance of the "Daodi" quality material in TCM and supporting the traditional used of HCD for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfan Wang
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elaine Dempsey
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinéad C Corr
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Astrid Sasse
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Sheridan
- NatPro Centre, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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