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Feng Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhao X, Chang H, Ouyang F, Yu Z, Gao Z, Zhang H. Global air pollution exposure and congenital anomalies: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:2333-2352. [PMID: 37610216 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2246383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate recent epidemiological evidence on the association of air pollution with congenital anomalies (CAs). Of 11,014 records, 49 were finally included in this meta-analysis. Per 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollutant, PM10 exposure during the 1st month of pregnancy and at the first trimester (T1) was associated with increased overall CAs. Further, exposure to PM10 was associated with congenital heart disease (OR = 1.055, 95% CI: 1.035, 1.074) and patent ductus arteriosus (OR = 1.094, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.168) at T1, with chromosomal anomalies during the entire pregnancy and with nervous system anomalies when exposure occurred 3 months prior to pregnancy, during the 1st, 2nd months of pregnancy and at T1. Besides, a significant association with overall CAs was observed for a combined exposure of PM10 and SO2 during the 1st month of gestation (OR: 1.101, 95% CI: 1.023, 1.180). A combined exposure of PM10 and CO was also associated with tetralogy of Fallot during 3-8 weeks of gestation (OR: 1.016, 95% CI: 1.005, 1.027). No significant associations were observed between PM2.5, NO2, and O3 exposure and CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fan Ouyang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Clinical Nutrition Department, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Huang Z, Qiu Y, Qi J, Ma X, Cheng Q, Wu J. Association between air pollutants and birth defects in Xiamen, China. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1132885. [PMID: 37303750 PMCID: PMC10254403 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1132885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between common air pollution and common birth defects, and to provide reference for the prevention of birth defects. Methods We conducted a case-control study in Xiamen, a city in southeastern China from 2019 to 2020. Logistics regression was used to analyze the relationship between sulfur dioxide(SO2), fine particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide(NO2), ozone(O3), carbon monoxide(CO) and the occurrence of common birth defects such as congenital heart disease, facial cleft, and finger deformity. Results SO2 significantly increased the risk of birth defects such as congenital heart disease, cleft lip and/or cleft palate, and ear deformity in the first and second months of pregnancy. Conclusion Exposure to common air pollutants increases the risk of birth defects, and SO2 significantly affects the occurrence of birth defects in the first two months of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimeng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiawen Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiliang Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinzhun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Blanc N, Liao J, Gilliland F, Zhang JJ, Berhane K, Huang G, Yan W, Chen Z. A systematic review of evidence for maternal preconception exposure to outdoor air pollution on Children's health. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120850. [PMID: 36528197 PMCID: PMC9879265 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The preconception period is a critical window for gametogenesis, therefore preconception exposure to air pollutants may have long-term effects on children. We systematically reviewed epidemiological evidence concerning the effects of preconception ambient air pollution exposure on children's health outcomes and identified research gaps for future investigations. We searched PubMed and Web of Science from journal inception up to October 2022 based on an established protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022277608). We then identified 162 articles based on searching strategy, 22 of which met the inclusion criteria. Studies covered a wide range of health outcomes including birth defects, preterm birth, birthweight, respiratory outcomes, and developmental outcomes. Findings suggested that exposure to outdoor air pollutants during maternal preconception period were associated with various health outcomes, of which birth defects has the most consistent findings. A meta-analysis revealed that during 3-month preconception period, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with relative risk (RR) of birth defects of 1.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.02) and 1.14 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.59), respectively. Preterm birth, low birthweight, and autism have also been associated with maternal preconception exposure to PM2.5, PM10, O3 and SO2. However, the significance of associations and effect sizes varied substantially across studies, partly due to the heterogeneity in exposure and outcome assessments. Future studies should use more accurate exposure assessment methods to obtain individual-level exposures with high temporal resolution. This will allow the exploration of which specific time window (weeks or months) during the preconception period has the strongest effect. In future epidemiologic studies, integrating pathophysiologic biomarkers relevant to clinical outcomes may help improve the causal inference of associations between preconception exposure and health outcomes suggested by the current limited literature. Additionally, potential effects of paternal preconception exposure need to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Blanc
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiawen Liao
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Division of Environmental Science and Policy, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Li L, Zhang N, Wu X, Feng T, Zhao Z, Pang Y, Zhang Y, Wang N, Ning J, Zhao S, Jiang T, Shi B, Niu Y, Zhang R, Hao G. Exposure to air pollution is associated with congenital anomalies in the population born by in vitro fertilization. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112161. [PMID: 34626591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital anomalies (CAs) are the leading causes for children's disabilities and mortalities worldwide. The associations between air pollution and CAs are not fully characterized in fetuses born by in vitro fertilization (IVF) who are at high risk of congenital anomalies. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study including 16,971 IVF cycles from three hospitals in Hebei Province, China, 2014-2019. Air quality data was obtained from 149 air monitoring stations. Individual average daily concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 were estimated by spatiotemporal kriging method. Exposure windows were divided into 5: preantral follicle period, antral follicle period, germinal period, embryonic period and early fetal period. Logistic generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the associations between air pollutants and overall or organ-system specific congenital anomalies. Negative control exposure method was used to detect and reduce bias of estimation. RESULTS We found increasing levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with higher risk of overall congenital anomalies during early fetal period, equating gestation 10-12 weeks (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.09, p = 0.013 for a 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5; OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p = 0.021 for a 10 μg/m3 increase of PM10). Cleft lip and cleft palate were associated with PM10 in germinal period and early fetal period. The CAs of eye, ear, face and neck were related to CO in preantral follicle stage. We did not find an association between chromosome abnormalities and air pollution exposure. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that ambient air pollution was a risk factor for congenital anomalies in the fetuses conceived through IVF, especially exposure in early fetal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Tengfei Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Shibin Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Baojun Shi
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
| | - Guimin Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, PR China.
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Yu G, Chen Y, Tang J, Lin Z, Zheng F, Zheng C, Zhou J, Su Q, Wu S, Li H. Meta-analyses of maternal exposure to atmospheric particulate matter and risk of congenital anomalies in offspring. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55869-55887. [PMID: 34491504 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies are the main causes of infant death and disability. Previous studies have suggested that maternal exposure to particulate matter is related to congenital malformation. However, the conclusions of this study remain controversial. Hence, meta-analyses were performed to assess the relationship between maternal exposure to particulate matter and the risk of congenital anomalies. The Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systemically searched from inception until August 2020 to find articles related to birth defects and particulate matter. The pooled risk estimated for the combination of pollution outcomes was calculated for each study by performing fixed effects or random effects models. The existence of heterogeneity and publication bias in relevant studies was also examined. Thirty studies were included in the analysis. A statistically increased summary risk valuation was found. PM10 exposure was associated with an increased risk of congenital heart disease, neural tube defects, and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (OR per 10 μg/m3 = 1.05, 95% CI, 1.03-1.07; OR per 10 μg/m3 = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01-1.06; OR per 10 μg/m3 = 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). Maternal exposure to particulate matter might be associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies. Our results indicate the dangers of particulate matter exposure on fetal development and the importance of protection against exposure to such particles during pregnancy. The schematic representation of the association between maternal exposure to PM2.5/PM10 and congenital anomalies in offspring, and geographic distribution of the included reports in the meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Yu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Zheng
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jinfu Zhou
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Fujian Key Lab of Environmental Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Yan F, Liu H, Zhang H, Yi L, Wu Y, Deng C, Qiu Y, Ma X, Li Q, Yang F, Xu W, Tao J, Buonocore JJ, Zhan Y, Dai L. Association between maternal exposure to gaseous pollutants and atrial septal defect in China: A nationwide population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111472. [PMID: 34097890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between maternal exposure to gaseous air pollutants and congenital heart defects (CHD) remains unclear. The concentration-response relationship and the time windows of susceptibility to gaseous pollutants may vary by pollutant species and CHD subtypes. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the relationship between maternal exposures to four species of gaseous pollutants (NO2, O3, SO2, and CO) and atrial septal defect (ASD), which is a common subtype of CHD, and to determine the critical time windows of susceptibility for each gaseous pollutant. METHODS Among 1,253,633 infants born between October 1, 2013 and December 31, 2016 in China, 1937 newborns were diagnosed with isolated ASD, a prevalence of 1.55‰. Maternal exposures to the gaseous pollutants were estimated by matching the geocoded maternal addresses with the gridded ambient concentrations. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) between exposures and ASD were quantified by using mixed-effects logistic regression models. RESULTS We found significantly positive associations between ASD and maternal exposures to NO2, O3, SO2, and CO during entire pregnancy, first-, second-, and third-trimester. However, no statistically significant association was found between maternal exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and ASD risk (P > 0.05). In the fully adjusted model with respect to average exposure over entire pregnancy, the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for each 10 μg/m3 increment of NO2, O3, SO2 were 1.33 (95% CI: 1.22-1.45), 1.13 (95% CI: 1.10-1.16), 1.28 (95% CI: 1.20-1.35), respectively; the aOR for each 100 μg/m3 increment of CO was 1.10 (95% CI: 1.06-1.15). The observed concentration-response relationships varied by exposure periods and pollutants, with the strongest association for NO2 during the 1st-8th embryology weeks, for O3 during the third trimester, for SO2 during the second trimester, and for CO without obvious variation. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest an increased risk of ASD in association with maternal exposures to four common gaseous pollutants. From the perspective of birth defects prevention and ASD risk mitigation, it is critical to reduce maternal exposure to gaseous pollutants especially during the most susceptible time windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; The Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Development and Related Diseases, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; The Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Development and Related Diseases, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Ling Yi
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Changfei Deng
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xia Ma
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Wenli Xu
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing Tao
- National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jonathan J Buonocore
- Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; National Engineering Research Center for Flue Gas Desulfurization, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Li Dai
- The Joint Laboratory for Pulmonary Development and Related Diseases, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; National Center for Birth Defects Monitoring, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China; Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Ravindra K, Chanana N, Mor S. Exposure to air pollutants and risk of congenital anomalies: A systematic review and metaanalysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142772. [PMID: 33183823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital malformations are considered as one of the significant causes of preterm as well as neonatal morbidity and mortality. Literature suggests the association of diverse congenital deformities with maternal exposure to air pollutants. However, the evidence is still inconclusive on the manifestation of these during pregnancy. Thus, systematic review was done on the available epidemiological studies studying the effect of air pollutants on congenital malformations. Furthermore, the meta-analysis was conducted for several combinations of air pollutants and congenital defects. METHODS Twenty six epidemiological studies were extracted from the databases and examined for association of risk of congenital defects with air pollutant concentrations. Metaanalysis was done if the risk estimates of the same anomaly and pollutant group were reported in at least three studies. RESULTS Each study reported a statistically significant increased risk of congenital malformation with some air pollutant, amid the several tested combinations. Our meta-analysis reported that nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5 were associated with the risk of pulmonary valve stenosis with OR = 1.74 and OR = 1.42 respectively. The risk of developing tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) was observed to be associated with PM2.5 with OR = 1.52. SO2 exposure was related to a high risk of the ventricular septal defect (VSD) with OR = 1.15 and orofacial defects (OR = 1.27). CONCLUSION It is evidenced that ambient air pollutants have some effect on congenital malformations. Standard case definitions, improved methods of exposure, and better control of confounders will improve future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaiwal Ravindra
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Neha Chanana
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Suman Mor
- Department of Environment Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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Jiang YT, Gong TT, Zhang JY, Huang YH, Li J, Liu S, Chen YL, Li LL, Jiang CZ, Chen ZJ, Zhao YH, Wu QJ. Maternal exposure to ambient SO 2 and risk of polydactyly and syndactyly: a population-based case-control study in Liaoning Province, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:11289-11301. [PMID: 33118065 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Evidence links exposure to maternal sulfur dioxide (SO2) and the risk of limb defects have been inconsistent. To investigate associations between SO2 exposure during preconception and the first trimester and risks of polydactyly and syndactyly. The study population was acquired from the Maternal and Child Health Certificate Registry of Liaoning Province between 2010 to 2015, and consisted of 2605 polydactyly, 595 syndactyly cases, and 7950 controls. Ambient air pollutants levels were retrieved from air quality monitoring stations. We used multivariable logistic regression model to assess the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We found that exposure to increased SO2 concentrations was associated with polydactyly during both the 3 months preconception (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 3.76; 95% CI 2.61, 5.42; per 10 μg/m3 increment: OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.10) and the first trimester (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 2.03; 95% CI 1.41, 2.92; per 10 μg/m3 increment: OR = 1.07; 95% CI 1.03, 1.11). However, we only observed increased risk for syndactyly in the analysis of high vs. low quartiles (three months preconception: ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 3.72; 95% CI 2.05, 6.75; first trimester: ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.98; 95% CI 1.11, 3.51). Most results of analyses based on single-month exposure window generally showed similar positive associations. Additionally, these findings were broadly consistent across subgroups and sensitivity analyses. Maternal SO2 exposure increase the risk of polydactyly and syndactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Science and Education, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring, Liaoning Eco-environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Liaoning Women and Children's Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Department of Children's Health Prevention, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zong-Jiao Chen
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring, Liaoning Eco-environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Zhang JY, Dai HX, Wu QJ, Li J, Huang YH, Chen ZJ, Li LL, Chen YL, Liu S, Jiang CZ. Maternal exposure to ambient levels of sulfur dioxide and risk of neural tube defects in 14 cities in Liaoning province, China: a population-based case-control study. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:266-275. [PMID: 33005007 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on the association of sulfur dioxide (SO2) with neural tube defects (NTDs) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the aforementioned association through a population-based case-control study. This study involved 1457 NTDs cases and 7950 randomly selected healthy infants born in 14 cities in Liaoning province between 2010 and 2015. Ambient SO2 levels were acquired from 75 monitoring stations. The exposure assessment was based on the mean concentration of all stations in mother's residential city. We used logistic regression models to assess the associations. In multivariable models adjusted for the confounding variables selected based on the 10 percent change-in-estimate method, we found that maternal SO2 exposure was positively associated with an increased risk of NTDs during the first month after conception (per 10 μg/m3 increase: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.04; highest versus lowest quartile: aOR = 2.55, 95% CI: 1.97-3.31) and the second month after conception (per 10 μg/m3 increase: aOR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04; highest versus lowest quartile: aOR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.77-3.00). For other exposure windows, positive associations also emerged in high- versus low-exposure analyses, except for the third month before conception; however, we could not further confirm significant findings from the continuous exposure analyses. Our study provides a new evidence that SO2 exposure may increase the risk of NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Xu Dai
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Science and Education, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenyang Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenyang, China.
| | - Zong-Jiao Chen
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring, Liaoning Eco-environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Li Li
- Department of Children's Health Prevention, Shenyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Liaoning Women and Children's Health Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring, Liaoning Eco-environmental Monitoring Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Zou Z, Liu W, Huang C, Cai J, Fu Q, Sun C, Zhang J. Gestational exposures to outdoor air pollutants in relation to low birth weight: A retrospective observational study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110354. [PMID: 33098816 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Findings for impacts of outdoor air pollutants on birth outcomes were controversial. We performed a retrospective observational study in 2527 preschoolers of Shanghai, China and investigated associations of duration-averaged concentrations of outdoor sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) in different months and trimesters of gestation, with preterm birth (PB), low birth weight (LBW), term low birth weight (T-LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA). Daily concentrations of outdoor air pollutants were collected in each residence-located district. Parents reported health information. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, exposures to outdoor NO2 were consistently associated with the higher odds of LBW and T-LBW. These associations were generally stronger for early months than for later months of the gestation. Adjusted odds ratios generally were larger in multi-pollutant model than in single-pollutant model. Exposure to NO2 in the first month of the gestation was significantly associated with T-LBW (adjusted OR, 95%CI: 1.91, 1.02-3.58 for increment of interquartile range (18.5 μg/m3); p-value = 0.044) in multi-pollutant model. This association was stronger in girls, renters, and children whose mothers ≥30 years-old, with household dampness-related exposures, and with parental smoking during pregnancy. Our results indicate that exposure to NO2 during gestation perhaps is a risk factor for LBW and T-LBW, and effects of NO2 exposures could be greater during early periods than during later periods of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zou
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute for Health and Environment, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chanjuan Sun
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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11
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Ding L, Sui X, Yang M, Zhang Q, Sun S, Zhu F, Cheng H, Zhang C, Chen H, Ding R, Cao J. Toxicity of cooking oil fume derived particulate matter: Vitamin D 3 protects tubule formation activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 188:109905. [PMID: 31706245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cooking oil fumes-derived PM2.5 (COFs-derived PM2.5) is the main source of indoor pollution. Exposure to COFs-derived PM2.5 can cause oxidative stress and affect angiogenesis. Here we investigated the roles of vitamin D3 (VD3) in protecting tubule formation injury induced by COFs-derived PM2.5, and the roles of ROS/NLRP3/VEGF signaling pathway in the effects. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 0 (1‰ DMSO), 1000 nmol/l VD3, 100 μg/ml PM2.5, and 1000 nmol/l VD3 + 100 μg/ml PM2.5, respectively. Cell viability and tube formation, as well as protein and mRNA levels were measured. The results showed that exposure of COFs-derived PM2.5 dose-and time-dependently reduced the viability of HUVECs, increased the levels of mitochondrial and intracellular ROS, and changed the mitochondrial membrane potential level. While co-incubation with VD3 rescued these adverse effects. Both Western blot and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) showed that the expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, Interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 in COFs-derived PM2.5 exposure group increased significantly, which could be effectively decreased by co-incubation with VD3. COFs-derived PM2.5 exposure could also reduce the expression of VEGF, while co-incubating HUVECs with VD3 evidently up-regulated the protein level of VEGF in HUVECs. In addition, COFs-derived PM2.5 could also inhibit the tube formation of HUVECs in vitro, which could be effectively rescued by the co-incubation of VD3. Our study proved that COFs-derived PM2.5 could damage the tubule formation of HUVECs in vitro, which could be effectively rescue by co-incubation with VD3, in which processes the ROS/NLRP3/VEGF signaling pathway played a crucial role. It provides a new theoretical basis for further study on the toxicity of PM2.5 to umbilical cord blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Xinmiao Sui
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical Universit, 15 Yimin Road, Hefei, China.
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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12
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Xiong L, Xu Z, Wang H, Liu Z, Xie D, Wang A, Kong F. The association between ambient air pollution and birth defects in four cities in Hunan province, China, from 2014 to 2016. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14253. [PMID: 30681619 PMCID: PMC6358400 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to assess whether air pollution was positively associated with birth defects and if a specific pregnancy stage played a role. This was a population-based case-control study comprising 153,822 perinatal births in four cities located in Hunan province, China, during the period 2014 to 2016. Exposure to SO2, NO2, and PM10 in each pregnant woman in the first 3 months before pregnancy, and in the first and third trimester was assessed. The risk of birth defects related to SO2 in the first 3 months before pregnancy was between 1.191 and 1.566. In the first trimester stage the risk was between 1.104 and 1.348. The risk of birth defects related to NO2 before pregnancy was 1.285 (95%CI: 1.180-1.399), in the first trimester stage the risk was between 1.280 (95%CI: 1.197-1.368) and 1.380 (95%CI: 1.293-1.473). In the third month before delivery the risk was 1.484 (95%CI: 1.366-1.613). The risk of birth defects related to PM10 in the first month of pregnancy was 1.098 (95%CI: 1.057-1.140), and in the third month before delivery the risk was 1.296 (95%CI: 1.222-1.375). SO2 had a greater effect on the prophase of pregnancy, while NO2 and PM10 had an effect in the late third trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiong
- Hunan Province Maternal and Children Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zenghui Xu
- Changsha Environment Protection College, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Hunan Province Maternal and Children Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Hunan Province Maternal and Children Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Donghua Xie
- Hunan Province Maternal and Children Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Hunan Province Maternal and Children Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Fanjuan Kong
- Hunan Province Maternal and Children Care Hospital, Changsha, China
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13
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Han Y, Ji Y, Kang S, Dong T, Zhou Z, Zhang Y, Chen M, Wu W, Tang Q, Chen T, Wang Y, Xia Y. Effects of particulate matter exposure during pregnancy on birth weight: A retrospective cohort study in Suzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:369-374. [PMID: 28988071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have identified that exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy could result in adverse birth outcomes, but the effects of exposure at trimester-specific intervals are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE Our primary goal was to investigate whether particulate matter exposure during pregnancy could affect birth weight and gestational age of neonates. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the relationship between maternal particulate matter exposure and neonatal birth weight. We collected 14,455 births records linked to hospital admission records (delivery and antenatal) from January 2013 to December 2015 in Suzhou Municipal Hospital. Air monitoring data in the same timeframe were also collected from Suzhou Environmental Protection Agency. The risk of low birth weight due to the exposure to PM2.5 (with median aerodynamic diameter≤2.5μm) and PM10 (with median aerodynamic diameter≤10μm) at each trimester and throughout the entire pregnancy were assessed. Linear regression models were applied and potential confounding factors were adjusted for data analysis. Gestational age, which was another important birth outcome, and its association with maternal particulate matter exposure were also studied. RESULTS The final analysis included 10,915 singleton live births. Using multiple linear regression models, we found that gestational exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 at 10μg/m3 increments in the second trimester led to decreases in birth weight of 4.94g (95% confidence interval: -9.828, -0.046) and 5.65g (95% confidence interval: -10.110, -1.188), respectively. However, gestational age was not significantly associated with maternal particulate matter exposure in term neonates. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that pregnant women might be more susceptible to particulate matter during the second trimester which may lead to decreased neonatal birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yinwen Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Suya Kang
- Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou 215002, JiangSu Province, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton 95211, USA
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical Institute, Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Suzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 26 Daoqian Road, Suzhou 215002, JiangSu Province, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing 211166, China.
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14
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Vecoli C, Pulignani S, Andreassi MG. Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Linking Air Pollution and Congenital Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2016; 3:jcdd3040032. [PMID: 29367575 PMCID: PMC5715723 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd3040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies strongly suggest that parental air pollutants exposure during the periconceptional period may play a major role in causing fetal/newborn malformations, including a frequent heterogeneity in the methods applied and a difficulty in estimating the clear effect of environmental toxicants. Moreover, only some couples exposed to toxicants during the pre-conception period give birth to a child with congenital anomalies. The reasons for such phenomena remain elusive but they can be explained by the individual, innate ability to metabolize these contaminants that eventually defines the ultimate dose of a biological active toxicant. In this paper, we reviewed the major evidence regarding the role of parental air pollutant exposure on congenital heart disease (CHD) risk as well as the modulating effect on detoxification systems. Finally, major epigenetic alterations induced by adverse environment contaminants have been revised as possible mechanisms altering a correct heart morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Pulignani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-National Research Council (CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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