1
|
Chen CX, Rogers SK, Li R, Hinrichs RJ, Fortenberry JD, Carpenter JS. Social Determinants of Health and Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104574. [PMID: 38788887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Social determinants of health play a key role in health disparities. Dysmenorrhea is a highly prevalent and impactful public health problem affecting reproductive-age females. Systematically examining social determinants of health (SDoH) in dysmenorrhea is important for identifying gaps in the literature and informing research, policy, and clinical practice to reduce the public health burden associated with dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize the literature on SDoH and dysmenorrhea. The review protocol was prospectively registered. We searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar through February 2024 using search strategies informed by the literature. Screening of the articles, data extraction, and risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment were conducted independently by at least 2 reviewers on the Covidence platform. Among 2,594 unique records screened, 166 met eligibility criteria and were included for data extraction and RoB assessment. Evidence suggests traumatic experiences, toxic environmental exposures, female genital mutilation, job-related stress, lack of menstrual education, and low social support were associated with worse dysmenorrhea outcomes. However, evidence was equivocal regarding the relationships between dysmenorrhea outcomes and SDoH factors, including socioeconomic status, geographical location, race/ethnicity, employment, and religion. Nearly all articles (99.4%) had a high or very high overall RoB. The relationships between SDoH and dysmenorrhea outcomes were often inconsistent and complicated by heterogeneous study populations and methodologies. More rigorous research examining SDoH in dysmenorrhea is needed to inform policy and clinical practice. PERSPECTIVE: This systematic review synthesizes evidence linking SDoH and dysmenorrhea. The relationships between SDoH and dysmenorrhea were often equivocal and complicated by heterogeneous study populations and methodologies. We identify directions for future research and SDoH factors that could be addressed clinically (eg, trauma, menstrual education, and occupational stress).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen X Chen
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Sarah K Rogers
- Department of Psychology, School of Science, Indiana University Purdue University-Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rui Li
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington; Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rachel J Hinrichs
- Indiana University Indianapolis, University Library, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - J Dennis Fortenberry
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rogers SK, Ahamadeen N, Chen CX, Mosher CE, Stewart JC, Rand KL. Dysmenorrhea and psychological distress: a meta-analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2023; 26:719-735. [PMID: 37632569 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is characterized by pelvic pain associated with menstruation. Similar to people with other pain conditions, females who experience dysmenorrhea report increased psychological distress. However, the pooled magnitude of this association has not been quantified across studies. Accordingly, this meta-analytic review quantifies the magnitude of the associations between dysmenorrhea severity and psychological distress. We conducted a systematic search of the literature using PsycINFO, PubMed, CINHAL, Embase, and Web of Science. Analyzed studies provided observational data on dysmenorrhea severity and anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and/or global psychological distress. A total of 44 studies were included, and three random-effects meta-analyses were conducted, with average pooled effect sizes calculated using Person's r. We found significant, positive associations between measures of dysmenorrhea severity and measures of depressive symptoms (r = 0.216), anxiety symptoms (r = 0.207), and global psychological distress (r = 0.311). Our review suggests that females with greater dysmenorrhea severity experience greater psychological distress. Future directions include defining a clinically meaningful dysmenorrhea severity threshold, understanding the mechanisms and directionality underlying the dysmenorrhea-psychological distress relationship, and designing and testing interventions to jointly address dysmenorrhea and psychological distress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Rogers
- School of Science, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 113A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Naheeda Ahamadeen
- School of Science, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 113A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Chen X Chen
- School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Catherine E Mosher
- School of Science, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 113A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jesse C Stewart
- School of Science, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 113A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kevin L Rand
- School of Science, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 113A, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ota Y, Nomura K, Hirayama J, Maeda E, Komatsu J, Nakamura M, Yamada R, Ishikawa H, Kobayashi T, Shirakawa H, Aisaka K, Ono M, Hiraike H, Hiraike O, Okinaga H. Relationship between somatic symptoms with menstruation and intention to leave work among university hospital nurses in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:155-166. [PMID: 35913561 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-022-01905-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the association between menstrual symptoms and the intention to leave work among female nurses in Japan. METHODS This cross-sectional study investigated female nurses (n = 317) at two university hospitals. The items measured were their characteristics (e.g., age, body mass index), "intention to leave" work, somatic symptoms related with menstruation, self-reported menstrual characteristics (e.g., pain), physical workloads (e.g., working hours and night shifts) and psychological workloads, measured with the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), and the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Participants with at least four somatic symptoms (e.g., cold, fatigue) which are present during their menstrual cycles were considered to have "somatic symptoms associated with menstruation." We also measured serum ovarian and gonadotropin-releasing hormones. RESULTS Approximately 40% of women answered "intention to leave" work, and 17% had "somatic symptoms associated with menstruation." Multiple logistic regression analysis suggested that nurses reporting "somatic symptoms associated with menstruation" were more likely to have "intention to leave" work: the adjusted odds ratios (AOR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) were 2.15 (1.12-4.11) in the personal-burnout model, 2.23 (1.16-4.31) in the work-related burnout model, 2.91 (1.52-5.56) in the client-related burnout model; 2.96 (1.50-5.82) in the JCQ model. There was no association between serum and gonadotropin hormones and the intention to leave. CONCLUSION Somatic symptoms with menstruation were associated with intention to leave work among female Japanese nurses. Intervention for somatic symptoms with menstruation might support nurses to continue work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ota
- School of Medicine, Akita University, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
| | - Junko Hirayama
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Eri Maeda
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Junko Komatsu
- Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Mio Nakamura
- Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Rouko Yamada
- Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ishikawa
- Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Teiko Kobayashi
- Akita University Hospital, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hideko Shirakawa
- Akita Nursing Station, 6-6 Sensyukubotamachi, Akita, 010-0874, Japan
| | - Kozo Aisaka
- Hamada Hospital, 2-5, Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Mariko Ono
- School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Haruko Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8606, Japan
| | - Osamu Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo University School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okinaga
- Support Center for Women Physicians and Researchers, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shemies RS, El‐Gilany A, Sayed‐Ahmed N, Megahed AF, El‐Behnasawy HM, Farouk HN, Saad HH, El‐Anwar MH, Gaber T. Amenorrhea, premenstrual tension syndrome, and dysmenorrhea among women of reproductive age on hemodialysis: A national study in Egypt. Semin Dial 2022; 35:348-357. [DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Samir Shemies
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Abdel‐Hady El‐Gilany
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Nagy Sayed‐Ahmed
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Hany Helmy Saad
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Shobra General Hospital Cairo Egypt
| | | | - Tamer Gaber
- Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aolymat I, Khasawneh AI, Al-Tamimi M. COVID-19-Associated Mental Health Impact on Menstrual Function Aspects: Dysmenorrhea and Premenstrual Syndrome, and Genitourinary Tract Health: A Cross Sectional Study among Jordanian Medical Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031439. [PMID: 35162469 PMCID: PMC8834694 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The physiology of reproduction is affected by psychological distress through neuroendocrine pathways. Historically, COVID-19 is one of the most stressful events with devastating consequences. This research aims to investigate the relationship between dysmenorrhea, PMS, and reproductive tract health on one hand, and COVID-19-related anxiety, depression, and stress on the other among medical students in Jordan. Medical students were invited through teaching platforms and social media to complete an online survey. SPSS software was used to analyze data. A total of 385 medical students participated in this research. Hence, 49.9% of the study population reported severe dysmenorrhea during COVID-19 compared to 36.9% before COVID-19 (p = 0.000). Dysmenorrhea was significantly associated with disruptions of sport and daily activities during COVID-19 (p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively). The prevalence of PMS components, e.g., mastalgia, fatigue, headache, palpitation, and emotional and sleep disturbances, was raised during COVID-19 compared with before (p < 0.05). Symptoms of genitourinary tract infections, such as lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, genitalia rash/ulcers and itching, and urgency, were significantly increased after COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Positive Pearson correlations between COVID-19-associated mental health disorders and dysmenorrhea severity, PMS, and genital tract health abnormalities were observed (p < 0.05). The multiple linear regression model revealed that dysmenorrhea severity, PMS symptoms like palpitation, and genitourinary symptoms like lower abdominal pain and urgency were associated with worsening of depression, while dysuria was associated with a protective effect against depression. Moreover, it was observed that dysmenorrhea severity, PMS symptoms, such as headache and palpitation, and urinary urgency were associated with aggravation of anxiety. However, food craving and dysuria were protective against anxiety. Finally, dysmenorrhea severity, PMS symptoms of headache and palpitation, lower abdominal pain, and urgency were related to worsening of stress, whereas the premenstrual symptom of breast pain was a protective factor against stress. This work showed that COVID-19 pandemic-related psychological distress and menstrual, premenstrual, and genitourinary symptoms are closely related. Further future work is required to evaluate the long lasting-effects of the pandemic on mental health and the physiology of reproduction.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao S, Wu W, Kang R, Wang X. Significant Increase in Depression in Women With Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Cumulative Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:686514. [PMID: 34421672 PMCID: PMC8374105 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.686514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with primary dysmenorrhea are vulnerable to develop a depressive disorder, which is a common form of psycho-disturbance. However, clinical findings are inconsistent across studies, and the evidence has not been previously synthesized. This study aims to investigate whether primary dysmenorrhea is associated with a higher risk of depression via a cumulative analysis. Four electronic databases were systematically searched for the eligible studies. The combined effect was assessed by analyzing the relative risk (RR) and standard mean differences (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). This cumulative analysis was registered on the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020169601). Of 972 publications, a total of 10 studies involving 4,691 participants were included. Pooled results from six included studies showed that primary dysmenorrhea was associated with a significant depressive disorder (RR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.44 to 2.0, P < 0.001; heterogeneity: I 2 = 0%, P = 0.544). In addition, synthesis results from two studies provided the BDI scores suggested that dysmenorrhea had significantly higher scores when compared to non-dysmenorrhea (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.31-0.62, P < 0.001; heterogeneity: I 2 = 0%, P = 0.518). However, in the two studies providing the PROMIS T-Score, the pooled result showed that there was no significant difference between women with dysmenorrhea and those without dysmenorrhea (P = 0.466). The overall quality of the evidence in our study was judged to MODERATE. The present study has confirmed the positive relationship between primary dysmenorrhea and depression. Social supports and medical help from pain management physicians or psychologists are important interventions for women with dysmenorrhea-suffering depressive disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Weizhou Wu
- Department of Urology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Ran Kang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaolan Wang
- Reproductive Center of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin LL, Hu Z, Kaminga AC, Luo BA, Xu HL, Feng XL, Liu JH. Association between cigarette smoking and the risk of dysmenorrhea: A meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231201. [PMID: 32294123 PMCID: PMC7159229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies have found inconsistent results on the potential relationship between cigarette smoking and dysmenorrhea. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantitatively synthesize the previous findings on the preceding relationship using meta-analysis. METHODS Previous studies on the association between cigarette smoking and dysmenorrhea, published not later than November 2019, were systematically searched, using MeSH heading and/or relevant terms, in the electronic databases of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and EMBASE. The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity, whose source was explored using subgroup analysis. A pooled effect size was obtained using random effects model, and sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the consistency of the pooled effect size. RESULTS After a rigorous screening process, 24 studies involving 27,091 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that smokers were 1.45 times more likely to develop dysmenorrhea than non-smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-1.61). In addition, individuals classified as currently smoking were 1.50 times more likely to develop dysmenorrhea than those who were classified as never smoking (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.33-1.70), whereas being a former smoker was 1.31 times more likely to develop dysmenorrhea than being a never smoker (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.18-1.46). Sensitivity analysis showed that exclusion of any single study did not materially alter the overall combined effect. CONCLUSION The evidence from this meta-analysis indicated a significant association between cigarette smoking (both current and former smoking) and dysmenorrhea. The adverse effects of smoking provide further support for prevention of dysmenorrhea and emphasize the need to target women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Qin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Atipatsa Chiwanda Kaminga
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mzuzu University, Luwinga, Mzuzu, Malawi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bang-An Luo
- Department of Mental Health, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Lan Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang-Lin Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-He Liu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cho IJ, Kim H, Lim S, Oh SS, Park S, Kang HT. Emotional labor and dysmenorrhea in women working in sales and call centers. Ann Occup Environ Med 2015; 26:45. [PMID: 25699188 PMCID: PMC4334421 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-014-0045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the association between emotional labor and dysmenorrhea among women working in sales and call centers in Seoul, South Korea. Methods Working women in sales jobs and call centers in Seoul were interviewed face-to-face by well-trained interviewers. In total, 975 participants were analyzed in the final model. Emotional labor was measured using a constructed questionnaire with two components: an emotive effort component with three questions and an emotive dissonance component with five questions. To examine the association between emotional labor and dysmenorrhea, chi-squared tests and logistic regression were applied. Results The prevalence of dysmenorrhea among sales workers and call center workers were 43.0% and 61.1%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of emotive effort and emotive dissonance for dysmenorrhea in call center workers were 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–3.28) and 1.72 (95% CI, 1.13–2.63), respectively. The adjusted OR of emotive effort and emotive dissonance for dysmenorrhea in sales workers were 1.71 (95% CI, 0.92–3.16) and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.67–1.98), respectively. Conclusions Emotional labor was found to be associated with dysmenorrhea in call center workers. Further studies to investigate other factors, such as management strategies and the relationship between emotional labor and dysmenorrhea, are needed to support interventions to prevent dysmenorrhea that will further promote the quality of health and life of working women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In-Jung Cho
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sinye Lim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea ; Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sungjin Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian's Hospital, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sznajder KK, Harlow SD, Burgard SA, Wang Y, Han C, Liu J. Gynecologic pain related to occupational stress among female factory workers in Tianjin, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2014; 20:33-45. [PMID: 24804338 DOI: 10.1179/2049396713y.0000000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and non-cyclic pelvic pain are health concerns for factory workers in China and may be increased by occupational stress. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence and demographic and occupational factors associated with three types of gynecologic pain among female factory workers in Tianjin. METHODS The study included 651 female workers from three factories in Tianjin, China. Logistic regression models were estimated to determine associations between occupational stress and gynecologic pain. RESULTS Occupational stress including high job strain, exhaustion, and stress related to working conditions was a risk factor for gynecologic pain. High job strain and poor job security were associated with an increased risk for dysmenorrhea. Compulsory overtime and exhaustion were associated with increased non-cyclic pelvic pain. Working overtime and exhaustion were associated with increased dyspareunia. CONCLUSIONS As China's population of female factory workers grows, research on the reproductive health of this population is essential.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Dysmenorrhea is a common menstrual complaint with a major impact on women's quality of life, work productivity, and health-care utilization. A comprehensive review was performed on longitudinal or case-control or cross-sectional studies with large community-based samples to accurately determine the prevalence and/or incidence and risk factors of dysmenorrhea. Fifteen primary studies, published between 2002 and 2011, met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea varies between 16% and 91% in women of reproductive age, with severe pain in 2%-29% of the women studied. Women's age, parity, and use of oral contraceptives were inversely associated with dysmenorrhea, and high stress increased the risk of dysmenorrhea. The effect sizes were generally modest to moderate, with odds ratios varying between 1 and 4. Family history of dysmenorrhea strongly increased its risk, with odds ratios between 3.8 and 20.7. Inconclusive evidence was found for modifiable factors such as cigarette smoking, diet, obesity, depression, and abuse. Dysmenorrhea is a significant symptom for a large proportion of women of reproductive age; however, severe pain limiting daily activities is less common. This review confirms that dysmenorrhea improves with increased age, parity, and use of oral contraceptives and is positively associated with stress and family history of dysmenorrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ju
- Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OCP, oral contraceptive pill
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Konkolÿ Thege B, Pilling J, Cserháti Z, Koppˆ MS. Mediators between bereavement and somatic symptoms. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2012; 13:59. [PMID: 22709333 PMCID: PMC3426491 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-13-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background In our research we examined the frequency of somatic symptoms among bereaved (N = 185) and non-bereaved men and women in a national representative sample (N = 4041) and investigated the possible mediating factors between bereavement status and somatic symptoms. Methods Somatic symptoms were measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), anxiety with a four-point anxiety rating scale, and depression with a nine-item shortened version of the Beck Depression Inventory. Results Among the bereaved, somatic symptoms proved to be significantly more frequent in both genders when compared to the non-bereaved, as did anxiety and depression. On the multivariate level, the results show that both anxiety and depression proved to be a mediator between somatic symptoms and bereavement. The effect sizes indicated that for both genders, anxiety was a stronger predictor of somatic symptoms than depression. Conclusions The results of our research indicate that somatic symptoms accompanying bereavement are not direct consequences of this state but they can be traced back to the associated anxiety and depression. These results draw attention to the need to recognize anxiety and depression looming in the background of somatic complaints in bereavement and to the importance of the dissemination of related information.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou M, Wege N, Gu H, Shang L, Li J, Siegrist J. Work and family stress is associated with menstrual disorders but not with fibrocystic changes: cross-sectional findings in Chinese working women. J Occup Health 2010; 52:361-6. [PMID: 20944439 DOI: 10.1539/joh.l10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the separate and combined effects of work and family stress on menstrual disorders and fibrocystic changes in Chinese working women. METHODS Data were obtained from a cross-sectional study of 1,642 female railway workers. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire and Family Stress Scale were used to measure work stress and family stress, respectively; the menstrual and breast conditions were evaluated by gynecologic interview and a medical examination. Multivariate log-binomial regression was performed to analyze the associations. RESULTS Menstrual disorders were found in 59.3% of female workers, and 54.8% had fibrocystic changes. The risk of menstrual disorders was significantly elevated with respect to work and family stress. The highest risk was found in the group with combined exposure to both work and family stress (RR with 95% CI 1.33 (1.18-1.49)). No significant association between stress and fibrocystic changes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Menstrual disorders were associated with stress from work and family life, but not fibrocystic changes, in working women. Tailored intervention measures reducing the burden of stressful psychosocial work and family environment are needed to improve women's reproductive well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhou
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|