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Lui DTW, Tan KCB. High-density lipoprotein in diabetes: Structural and functional relevance. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:805-816. [PMID: 38416054 PMCID: PMC11215696 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is considered a major cardiovascular risk factor. However, recent studies have suggested a more U-shaped association between HDL-C and cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that the cardioprotective effect of HDL is related to the functions of HDL particles rather than their cholesterol content. HDL particles are highly heterogeneous and have multiple functions relevant to cardiometabolic conditions including cholesterol efflux capacity, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and vasoactive properties. There are quantitative and qualitative changes in HDL as well as functional abnormalities in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Non-enzymatic glycation, carbamylation, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation can modify the HDL composition and therefore the functions, especially in situations of poor glycemic control. Studies of HDL proteomics and lipidomics have provided further insights into the structure-function relationship of HDL in diabetes. Interestingly, HDL also has a pleiotropic anti-diabetic effect, improving glycemic control through improvement in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Given the important role of HDL in cardiometabolic health, HDL-based therapeutics are being developed to enhance HDL functions rather than to increase HDL-C levels. Among these, recombinant HDL and small synthetic apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides may hold promise for preventing and treating diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tak Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Kathryn Choon Beng Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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Lei MH, Hsu PW, Tsai YT, Chang CC, Tsai IJ, Hsu H, Cheng MH, Huang YL, Lin HT, Hsu YC, Lin CY. Low Levels of IgM Recognizing 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal-Modified Apolipoprotein A-I Peptide and Its Association with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Taiwanese Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:6267-6283. [PMID: 38921045 PMCID: PMC11202877 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) are associated with cardiovascular disease risks. We aimed to examine the 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) modification of ApoA-I in coronary artery disease (CAD) and evaluate the potential risk of autoantibodies against their unmodified and HNE-modified peptides. We assessed plasma levels of ApoA-I, HNE-protein adducts, and autoantibodies against unmodified and HNE-peptide adducts, and significant correlations and odds ratios (ORs) were examined. Two novel CAD-specific HNE-peptide adducts, ApoA-I251-262 and ApoA-I70-83, were identified. Notably, immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-ApoA-I251-262 HNE, IgM anti-ApoA-I70-83 HNE, IgG anti-ApoA-I251-262, IgG anti-ApoA-I70-83, and HNE-protein adducts were significantly correlated with triglycerides, creatinine, or high-density lipoprotein in CAD with various degrees of stenosis (<30% or >70%). The HNE-protein adduct (OR = 2.208-fold, p = 0.020) and IgM anti-ApoA-I251-262 HNE (2.046-fold, p = 0.035) showed an increased risk of progression from >30% stenosis in CAD. HNE-protein adducts and IgM anti-ApoA-I251-262 HNE may increase the severity of CAD at high and low levels, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Huan Lei
- Cardiovascular Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation Luodong Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 26546, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Wen Hsu
- Preventive Medical Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation Luodong Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 26546, Taiwan;
| | - Yin-Tai Tsai
- Department of Medicine Laboratory, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Chi Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Heping-Fuyou Branch, Taipei 10027, Taiwan;
| | - I-Jung Tsai
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (I.-J.T.); (M.-H.C.)
| | - Hung Hsu
- Medical Quality Department, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation Luodong Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 26546, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hui Cheng
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (I.-J.T.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation Luodong Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 26546, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Li Huang
- Section of Laboratory, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation Luodong Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 26546, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Tse Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LinKou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Hsu
- Cardiovascular Center, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation Luodong Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan 26546, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (I.-J.T.); (M.-H.C.)
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Martin M, Condori AI, Davico B, Gómez Rosso L, Gaete L, Tetzlaff W, Chiappe EL, Sáez MS, Lorenzon González MV, Godoy MF, Osta V, Trifone L, Ballerini MG, Cherñavsky A, Boero L, Tonietti M, Feliu S, Brites F. Impaired Reverse Cholesterol Transport is Associated with Changes in Fatty Acid Profile in Children and Adolescents with Abdominal Obesity. J Nutr 2024; 154:12-25. [PMID: 37716606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal obesity is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor. Plasma fatty acids display a complex network of both pro and antiatherogenic effects. High density lipoproteins (HDL) carry out the antiatherogenic pathway called reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), which involves cellular cholesterol efflux (CCE), and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activities. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to characterize RCT and its relation to fatty acids present in plasma in pediatric abdominal obesity. METHODS Seventeen children and adolescents with abdominal obesity and 17 healthy controls were studied. Anthropometric parameters were registered. Glucose, insulin, lipid levels, CCE employing THP-1 cells, LCAT and CETP activities, plus fatty acids in apo B-depleted plasma were measured. RESULTS The obese group showed a more atherogenic lipid profile, plus lower CCE (Mean±Standard Deviation) (6 ± 2 vs. 7 ± 2%; P < 0.05) and LCAT activity (11 ± 3 vs. 15 ±5 umol/dL.h; P < 0.05). With respect to fatty acids, the obese group showed higher myristic (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 0.7 ± 0.3; P < 0.01) and palmitic acids (21.5 ± 2.8 vs. 19.6 ± 1.9; P < 0.05) in addition to lower linoleic acid (26.4 ± 3.3 vs. 29.9 ± 2.6; P < 0.01). Arachidonic acid correlated with CCE (r = 0.37; P < 0.05), myristic acid with LCAT (r = -0.37; P < 0.05), palmitioleic acid with CCE (r = -0.35; P < 0.05), linoleic acid with CCE (r = 0.37; P < 0.05), lauric acid with LCAT (r = 0.49; P < 0.05), myristic acid with LCAT (r = -0.37; P < 0.05) ecoisatrienoic acid with CCE (r = 0.40; P < 0.05) and lignoseric acid with LCAT (r = -0.5; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents with abdominal obesity presented impaired RCT, which was associated with modifications in proinflammatory fatty acids, such as palmitoleic and myristic, thus contributing to increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Martin
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Anabel Impa Condori
- Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belén Davico
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Gómez Rosso
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Gaete
- Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Walter Tetzlaff
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Lozano Chiappe
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - María Fernanda Godoy
- Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Viviana Osta
- Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Trifone
- Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Gabriela Ballerini
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Cherñavsky
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Boero
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Tonietti
- Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Feliu
- Departamento de Sanidad, Nutrición, Bromatología y Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Brites
- Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Assessment of Vascular Function in Response to High-Fat and Low-Fat Ground Beef Consumption in Men. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061410. [PMID: 36986140 PMCID: PMC10052947 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Red meat is stigmatized as an unhealthy protein choice; however, its impacts on vascular function have not been evaluated. We aimed to measure the vascular impact of adding either low-fat (~5% fat) ground beef (LFB) or high-fat (~25% fat) ground beef (HFB) to a habitual diet in free-living men. Twenty-three males (39.9 ± 10.8 years, 177.5 ± 6.7 cm, 97.3 ± 25.0 kg) participated in this double-blind crossover study. Assessment of vascular function and aerobic capacity were measured at entry and in the last week of each intervention and washout period. Participants then completed two 5-week dietary interventions (LFB or HFB; 5 patties/week) in a randomized order with a 4-week washout. Data were analyzed via 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). The HFB intervention improved FMD relative to all other time points, while lowering systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) relative to entry. Neither the HFB nor the LFB altered pulse wave velocity. The addition of either low- or high-fat ground beef did not negatively alter vascular function. In fact, consuming HFB improved FMD and BP values, which may be mediated by lowering LDL-C concentrations.
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Hong Z, Zhang S, Li L, Li Y, Liu T, Guo S, Xu X, Yang Z, Zhang H, Xu J. A Nomogram for Predicting Prognosis of Advanced Schistosomiasis japonica in Dongzhi County-A Case Study. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:tropicalmed8010033. [PMID: 36668940 PMCID: PMC9866143 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Advanced schistosomiasis is the late stage of schistosomiasis, seriously jeopardizing the quality of life or lifetime of infected people. This study aimed to develop a nomogram for predicting mortality of patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica, taking Dongzhi County of China as a case study. METHOD Data of patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica were collected from Dongzhi Schistosomiasis Hospital from January 2019 to July 2022. Data of patients were randomly divided into a training set and validation set with a ratio of 7:3. Candidate variables, including survival outcomes, demographics, clinical features, laboratory examinations, and ultrasound examinations, were analyzed and selected by LASSO logistic regression for the nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed by concordance index (C-index), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). The calibration of the nomogram was evaluated by the calibration plots, while clinical benefit was evaluated by decision curve and clinical impact curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 628 patients were included in the final analysis. Atrophy of the right liver, creatinine, ascites level III, N-terminal procollagen III peptide, and high-density lipoprotein were selected as parameters for the nomogram model. The C-index, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the nomogram were 0.97 (95% [CI]: [0.95-0.99]), 0.78 (95% [CI]: [0.64-0.87]), 0.97 (95% [CI]: [0.94-0.98]), 0.78 (95% [CI]: [0.64-0.87]), 0.97 (95% [CI]: [0.94-0.98]) in the training set; and 0.98 (95% [CI]: [0.94-0.99]), 0.86 (95% [CI]: [0.64-0.96]), 0.97 (95% [CI]: [0.93-0.99]), 0.79 (95% [CI]: [0.57-0.92]), 0.98 (95% [CI]: [0.94-0.99]) in the validation set, respectively. The calibration curves showed that the model fitted well between the prediction and actual observation in both the training set and validation set. The decision and the clinical impact curves showed that the nomogram had good clinical use for discriminating patients with high risk of death. CONCLUSIONS A nomogram was developed to predict prognosis of advanced schistosomiasis. It could guide clinical staff or policy makers to formulate intervention strategies or efficiently allocate resources against advanced schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Hong
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yinlong Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Suying Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Department of Schistosomiasis Control and Prevention, Anhui Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Zhaoming Yang
- Department of Clinical Treatment, Dongzhi Schistosomiasis Hospital, Chizhou 247230, China
| | - Haoyi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Treatment, Dongzhi Schistosomiasis Hospital, Chizhou 247230, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence:
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Ho CC, Nfor ON, Chen YT, Lin CF, Lu WY, Wu MC, Lin CC, Liaw YP. Jogging and weight training associated with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Taiwanese adults. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2022; 19:664-676. [DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2022.2145232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Ho
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Research and Development Center for Physical Education, Health, and Information Technology, College of Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Sports Medicine Center, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Tsung Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fang Lin
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Lu
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chen Wu
- Office of Physical Education, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chao Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Maadani M, Sarraf NS, Alilou S, Aeinfar K, Sadeghipour P, Zahedmehr A, Fathollahi MS, Hashemi Ghadi SI, Zavarehee A, Zolfaghari M, Zolfaghari R. Relationship Between Preprocedural Lipid Levels and Periprocedural Myocardial Injury in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Tex Heart Inst J 2022; 49:488444. [PMID: 36515930 PMCID: PMC9809085 DOI: 10.14503/thij-20-7384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periprocedural myocardial injury is a predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS The authors examined the effects of preprocedural lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) in 977 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention. RESULTS Elevated cardiac troponin I level (≥5× the upper limit of normal) was used to indicate periprocedural myocardial injury. Serum lipid samples were collected 12 hours preprocedurally. Cardiac troponin I was collected 1, 6, and 12 hours postprocedurally. Correlations between preprocedural lipid levels and postprocedural cardiac troponin I were studied. Low-density lipoprotein levels were less than 70 mg/dL in 70% of patients and greater than 100 mg/dL in only 7.4% of patients; 13% had triglyceride levels greater than or equal to 150 mg/dL, and 96% had high-density lipoprotein levels less than 40 mg/dL. Patients with elevated cardiac troponin I had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction than did those with cardiac troponin I levels less than 5× the upper limit of normal (P = .01). Double-and triple-vessel disease were more common in patients with elevated cardiac troponin I (P < .002). Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses revealed no statistically significant associations between lipid levels and postprocedural cardiac troponin I elevation, possibly because such large proportions of included patients had low levels of low-density lipoprotein (70%) and a history of statin intake (86%). CONCLUSION The authors found no association between lipid profile and periprocedural myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Maadani
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Sari Sarraf
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanam Alilou
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Aeinfar
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parham Sadeghipour
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sheikh Fathollahi
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Isa Hashemi Ghadi
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Zavarehee
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zolfaghari
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Zolfaghari
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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León-Mimila P, Villamil-Ramírez H, Macías-Kauffer LR, Jacobo-Albavera L, López-Contreras BE, Posadas-Sánchez R, Posadas-Romero C, Romero-Hidalgo S, Morán-Ramos S, Domínguez-Pérez M, Olivares-Arevalo M, López-Montoya P, Nieto-Guerra R, Acuña-Alonzo V, Macín-Pérez G, Barquera-Lozano R, Del-Río-Navarro BE, González-González I, Campos-Pérez F, Gómez-Pérez F, Valdés VJ, Sampieri A, Reyes-García JG, Carrasco-Portugal MDC, Flores-Murrieta FJ, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Vargas-Alarcón G, Shih D, Meikle PJ, Calkin AC, Drew BG, Vaca L, Lusis AJ, Huertas-Vazquez A, Villarreal-Molina T, Canizales-Quinteros S. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Functional SIDT2 Variant Associated With HDL-C (High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) Levels and Premature Coronary Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2494-2508. [PMID: 34233476 PMCID: PMC8664085 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Low HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) is the most frequent dyslipidemia in Mexicans, but few studies have examined the underlying genetic basis. Our purpose was to identify genetic variants associated with HDL-C levels and cardiovascular risk in the Mexican population. Approach and Results A genome-wide association studies for HDL-C levels in 2335 Mexicans, identified four loci associated with genome-wide significance: CETP, ABCA1, LIPC, and SIDT2. The SIDT2 missense Val636Ile variant was associated with HDL-C levels and was replicated in 3 independent cohorts (P=5.9×10−18 in the conjoint analysis). The SIDT2/Val636Ile variant is more frequent in Native American and derived populations than in other ethnic groups. This variant was also associated with increased ApoA1 and glycerophospholipid serum levels, decreased LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and ApoB levels, and a lower risk of premature CAD. Because SIDT2 was previously identified as a protein involved in sterol transport, we tested whether the SIDT2/Ile636 protein affected this function using an in vitro site-directed mutagenesis approach. The SIDT2/Ile636 protein showed increased uptake of the cholesterol analog dehydroergosterol, suggesting this variant affects function. Finally, liver transcriptome data from humans and the Hybrid Mouse Diversity Panel are consistent with the involvement of SIDT2 in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Conclusions This is the first genome-wide association study for HDL-C levels seeking associations with coronary artery disease in the Mexican population. Our findings provide new insight into the genetic architecture of HDL-C and highlight SIDT2 as a new player in cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola León-Mimila
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City (P.L.-M., H.V.-R., L.R.M.-K., B.E.L.-C., S.M.-R., M.O.-A., P.L.-M., R.N.-G., S.C.-Q.)
| | - Hugo Villamil-Ramírez
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City (P.L.-M., H.V.-R., L.R.M.-K., B.E.L.-C., S.M.-R., M.O.-A., P.L.-M., R.N.-G., S.C.-Q.)
| | - Luis R Macías-Kauffer
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City (P.L.-M., H.V.-R., L.R.M.-K., B.E.L.-C., S.M.-R., M.O.-A., P.L.-M., R.N.-G., S.C.-Q.)
- Dirección de Planeación, Enseñanza e Investigación, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ixtapaluca, Estado de México (L.R.M.-K.)
| | - Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, INMEGEN, Mexico City (L.J.-A., M.D.-P., T.V.-M.)
| | - Blanca E López-Contreras
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City (P.L.-M., H.V.-R., L.R.M.-K., B.E.L.-C., S.M.-R., M.O.-A., P.L.-M., R.N.-G., S.C.-Q.)
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (R.P.-S., C.P.-R.)
| | - Carlos Posadas-Romero
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (R.P.-S., C.P.-R.)
| | | | - Sofía Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City (P.L.-M., H.V.-R., L.R.M.-K., B.E.L.-C., S.M.-R., M.O.-A., P.L.-M., R.N.-G., S.C.-Q.)
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Mexico City (S.M.-R.)
| | - Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, INMEGEN, Mexico City (L.J.-A., M.D.-P., T.V.-M.)
| | - Marisol Olivares-Arevalo
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City (P.L.-M., H.V.-R., L.R.M.-K., B.E.L.-C., S.M.-R., M.O.-A., P.L.-M., R.N.-G., S.C.-Q.)
| | - Priscilla López-Montoya
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City (P.L.-M., H.V.-R., L.R.M.-K., B.E.L.-C., S.M.-R., M.O.-A., P.L.-M., R.N.-G., S.C.-Q.)
| | - Roberto Nieto-Guerra
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City (P.L.-M., H.V.-R., L.R.M.-K., B.E.L.-C., S.M.-R., M.O.-A., P.L.-M., R.N.-G., S.C.-Q.)
| | | | - Gastón Macín-Pérez
- Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City (V.A.-A., G.M.-P.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Gómez-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (F.G.-P., C.A.A.-S.)
| | - Victor J Valdés
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City (V.J.V., A.S., L.V.)
| | - Alicia Sampieri
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City (V.J.V., A.S., L.V.)
| | - Juan G Reyes-García
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City (J.G.R.-G., F.J.F.-M.)
| | - Miriam Del C Carrasco-Portugal
- Unidad de Investigación en Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City (M.C.-P., F.J.F.-M.)
| | - Francisco J Flores-Murrieta
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City (J.G.R.-G., F.J.F.-M.)
- Unidad de Investigación en Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City (M.C.-P., F.J.F.-M.)
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City (F.G.-P., C.A.A.-S.)
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, N.L. Mexico (C.A.A.-S.)
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City (G.V.-A.)
| | - Diana Shih
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (D.S., A.J.L., A.H.-V.)
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Head Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (P.J.M.)
| | - Anna C Calkin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (A.C.C., B.G.D.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (A.C.C., B.G.D.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.C.C., B.G.D.)
| | - Brian G Drew
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (A.C.C., B.G.D.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (A.C.C., B.G.D.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.C.C., B.G.D.)
| | - Luis Vaca
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Mexico City (V.J.V., A.S., L.V.)
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (D.S., A.J.L., A.H.-V.)
| | - Adriana Huertas-Vazquez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (D.S., A.J.L., A.H.-V.)
| | | | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)/Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City (P.L.-M., H.V.-R., L.R.M.-K., B.E.L.-C., S.M.-R., M.O.-A., P.L.-M., R.N.-G., S.C.-Q.)
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Structural and Functional Impairments of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein by Incorporation of Recombinant β-Amyloid42. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144317. [PMID: 34299592 PMCID: PMC8303321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta (β)-amyloid (Aβ) is a causative protein of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the pathogenesis of AD, the apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism is essential for the clearance of Aβ. In this study, recombinant Aβ42 was expressed and purified via the pET-30a expression vector and E.coli production system to elucidate the physiological effects of Aβ on HDL metabolism. The recombinant human Aβ protein (51 aa) was purified to at least 95% purity and characterized in either the lipid-free and lipid-bound states with apoA-I. Aβ was incorporated into the reconstituted HDL (rHDL) (molar ratio 95:5:1, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC):cholesterol:apoA-I) with various apoA-I:Aβ ratios from 1:0 to 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2. With an increasing molar ratio of Aβ, the α-helicity of apoA-I was decreased from 62% to 36% with a red shift of the Trp wavelength maximum fluorescence from 337 to 340 nm in apoA-I. The glycation reaction of apoA-I was accelerated further by the addition of Aβ. The treatment of fructose and Aβ caused more multimerization of apoA-I in the lipid-free state and in HDL. The phospholipid-binding ability of apoA-I was impaired severely by the addition of Aβ in a dose-dependent manner. The phagocytosis of LDL into macrophages was accelerated more by the presence of Aβ with the production of more oxidized species. Aβ severely impaired tissue regeneration, and a microinjection of Aβ enhanced embryotoxicity. In conclusion, the beneficial functions of apoA-I and HDL were severely impaired by the addition of Aβ via its detrimental effect on secondary structure. The impairment of HDL functionality occurred more synergistically by means of the co-addition of fructose and Aβ.
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10
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Kosmas CE, Sourlas A, Guzman E, Kostara CE. Environmental Factors Modifying HDL Functionality. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1687-1701. [PMID: 34269662 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210714155422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, it has been recognized that High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) functionality plays a much more essential role in protection from atherosclerosis than circulating HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels per se. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages to HDL, cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) has been shown to be a key metric of HDL functionality. Thus, quantitative assessment of CEC may be an important tool for the evaluation of HDL functionality, as improvement of HDL function may lead to a reduction of the risk for Cardiovascular disease (CVD). INTRODUCTION Although the cardioprotective action of HDLs is exerted mainly through their involvement in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, HDLs also have important anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaggregatory and anticoagulant properties that contribute to their favorable cardiovascular effects. Certain genetic, pathophysiologic, disease states and environmental conditions may influence the cardioprotective effects of HDL either by inducing modifications in lipidome and/or protein composition or in the enzymes responsible for HDL metabolism. On the other hand, certain healthy habits or pharmacologic interventions may actually favorably affect HDL functionality. METHOD The present review discusses the effects of environmental factors, including obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, various pharmacologic interventions, as well as aerobic exercise, on HDL functionality. RESULT Experimental and clinical studies or pharmacological interventions support the impact of these environmental factors in the modification of HDL functionality, although the mechanisms that are mediated are poorly understood. CONCLUSION Further research should be conducted to unreal the underlying mechanisms of these environmental factors and to identify new pharmacologic interventions, capable of enhancing CEC, improving HDL functionality and potentially improving cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine E Kosmas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Eliscer Guzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Christina E Kostara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Department, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
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11
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Stadler JT, Marsche G. Obesity-Related Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8985. [PMID: 33256096 PMCID: PMC7731239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In obese individuals, atherogenic dyslipidemia is a very common and important factor in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Adiposity-associated dyslipidemia is characterized by low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several factors and mechanisms are involved in lowering HDL-C levels in the obese state and HDL quantity and quality is closely related to adiponectin levels and the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate. Recent studies have shown that obesity profoundly alters HDL metabolism, resulting in altered HDL subclass distribution, composition, and function. Importantly, weight loss through gastric bypass surgery and Mediterranean diet, especially when enriched with virgin olive oil, is associated with increased HDL-C levels and significantly improved metrics of HDL function. A thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms is crucial for a better understanding of the impact of obesity on lipoprotein metabolism and for the development of appropriate therapeutic approaches. The objective of this review article was to summarize the newly identified changes in the metabolism, composition, and function of HDL in obesity and to discuss possible pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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12
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HDL cholesterol is associated with PBMC expression of genes involved in HDL metabolism and atherogenesis. J Med Biochem 2020; 39:372-383. [PMID: 33269026 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To reveal the association of plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level with the transcript level of annotated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and involved in HDL metabolism and atherogenesis at the absence of morphologically evident coronary stenosis. Methods Transcript levels of 63 genes in PBMC from 38 male patients 40-60 years without coronary atherosclerosis with widely varied HDL-C level were measured. The protein interactions were analyzed with STRING database. Results Among 22 HDL-related genes, the transcript levels for 10 genes (ABCA1, BMP1, CUBN, HDLBP, LCAT, LDLR, PRKACB, PRKACG, SCARB1 and ZDHHC8) negatively correlated with HDL-C, while positively for APOA1 gene. Among 41 atherosclerosis-prone genes, the transcript levels for 11 genes (CSF1R, CSF2RB, IL18R1, ITGAM, ITGB3, PRKCQ, SREBF1, TLR5, TLR8, TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B) negatively correlated with HDL-C only, not with LDL-C and plasma TG. The protein products efficiently interacted within each cluster while only two intersection nodes existed between clusters. Conclusions Coordinate regulation of cholesterol influx and efflux in PBMC in atherosclerosis-free subjects with widely varied HDL-C level is suggested. The decreased synthesis and transport of cholesteryl ester to the liver may contribute to hyperalphalipoproteinemia. HDL-C increase is associated with the decrease of expression of innate immunity and inflammation genes. Visualization of 22 responder genes is suggested to be useful in the validation of HDL functionality and atherogenesis even at the absence of morphologically evident coronary stenosis.
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13
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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14
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The inverse association between plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been unequivocally proven by many epidemiological studies. There are several genetic disorders affecting HDL-C plasma levels, either providing atheroprotection or predisposing to premature atherosclerosis. However, up to date, there has not been any pharmacological intervention modulating HDL-C levels, which has been clearly shown to prevent the progression of CVD. Thus, clarifying the exact underlying mechanisms of inheritance of these genetic disorders that affect HDL is a current goal of the research, as key roles of molecular components of HDL metabolism and function can be revealed and become targets for the discovery of novel medications for the prevention and treatment of CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Primary genetic disorders of HDL can be either associated with longevity or, in contrast, may lead to premature CVD, causing high morbidity and mortality to their carriers. A large body of recent research has closely examined the genetic disorders of HDL and new promising therapeutic strategies have been developed, which may be proven beneficial in patients predisposed to CVD in the near future. SUMMARY We have reviewed recent findings on the inheritance of genetic disorders associated with high and low HDL-C plasma levels and we have discussed their clinical features, as well as information about new promising HDL-C-targeted therapies that are under clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantine E Kosmas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
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15
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Li Y, Xu Y, Jadhav K, Zhu Y, Yin L, Zhang Y. Hepatic Forkhead Box Protein A3 Regulates ApoA-I (Apolipoprotein A-I) Expression, Cholesterol Efflux, and Atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1574-1587. [PMID: 31291759 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the role of hepatic FOXA3 (forkhead box A3) in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Hepatic FOXA3 expression was reduced in diabetic or high fat diet-fed mice or patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We then used adenoviruses to overexpress or knock down hepatic FOXA3 expression. Overexpression of FOXA3 in the liver increased hepatic ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) expression, plasma HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) level, macrophage cholesterol efflux, and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport. In contrast, knockdown of hepatic FOXA3 expression had opposite effects. We further showed that FOXA3 directly bound to the promoter of the Apoa1 gene to regulate its transcription. Finally, AAV8 (adeno-associated virus serotype 8)-mediated overexpression of human FOXA3 in the hepatocytes of Apoe-/- (apolipoprotein E-deficient) mice raised plasma HDL-C levels and significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte FOXA3 protects against atherosclerosis by inducing ApoA-I and macrophage reverse cholesterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Yanyong Xu
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Kavita Jadhav
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Liya Yin
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- From the Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown
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16
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Zhao X, Zhang HW, Sun D, Xu RX, Guo YL, Sun J, Zhu CG, Wu NQ, Zhang Y, Li S, Li JJ. Relation of oxidized-low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein subfractions in non-treated patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 144:106345. [PMID: 31278984 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), as well as high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions play important role in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS A total of 1417 individuals who received selective coronary angiography (CAG) without lipids-lowering treatments were consecutively enrolled. Patients were divided into CAD (n = 942) and non-CAD group (n = 475). The severity of CAD was assessed by Gensini Scores (GS) system. The correlations of ox-LDL with HDL subfractions were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with non-CAD subjects, CAD patients had higher ox-LDL but lower concentrations of HDL cholesterol (p = 0.002) and large HDL subfractions (p = 0.004). And ox-LDL was negatively correlated with large HDL subfractions in patients with severe CAD (p < 0.05). Moreover, ox-LDL was elevated and large HDL subfractions decreased with the increase of the number of stenotic coronary arteries and GS (p < 0.05, respectivelly). CONCLUSIONS The correlations between ox-LDL and cholesterol level of large HDL particles varied among CAD and non-CAD, and CAD with different severities of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hui-Wen Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Di Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing 100037, China.
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17
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Souza FRD, Dos Santos MR, Porello RA, Fonseca GWPD, Sayegh ALC, Lima TP, Ferreira FD, Oliveira TFD, Yonamine M, Takayama L, Pereira RMR, Negrão CE, Passarelli M, Rochitte CE, Alves MJDNN. Diminished cholesterol efflux mediated by HDL and coronary artery disease in young male anabolic androgenic steroid users. Atherosclerosis 2019; 283:100-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Chaudhary R, Kinderytė M, Chaudhary R, Sukhi A, Bliden K, Tantry U, Gurbel P. HDL 3-C is a Marker of Coronary Artery Disease Severity and Inflammation in Patients on Statin Therapy. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2018; 20:1001-1006. [PMID: 30626544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and inflammation are risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, limited data are available determining the role of HDL-C sub-particles HDL2-C and HDL3-C for assessing CAD severity in patients on statin therapy. METHODS Blood samples were obtained prior to cardiac catheterization in 304 consecutive patients with suspected CAD on statin therapy in this sub-analysis of Multi-Analyte, thrombogenic, and Genetic Markers of Atherosclerosis (MAGMA, NCT01276678) study. Detailed lipid profiling and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were analyzed. CAD severity was angiographically defined as severe CAD (>75% luminal diameter stenosis [LDS]) and non-severe CAD (≤75% LDS). Multi-regression analysis was performed to test for statistical significance. Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis was performed to determine cut-point for predicting severe CAD. RESULTS Patients with severe CAD had a significantly lower total-HDL-C, lower HDL3-C and higher lipoprotein(a) levels. HDL3-C and lipoprotein(a) cholesterol [Lp(a)-C] retained statistical significance on multiple regression analysis. ROC analysis showed HDL3-C to have a C-statistic of 0.60 (p = 0.003) and Lp(a)-C to have a C-statistic of 0.61 (p = 0.0007). Patients with HDL3-C ≤ 33 mg/dL and Lp(a)-C > 7 mg/dL were found to have significantly elevated ox-LDL levels. CONCLUSION In patients on statin therapy, HDL3-C and Lp(a)-C improve prediction of severe CAD compared to a traditional lipid panel. In addition, patients with HDL3-C ≤ 33 mg/dL and Lp(a)-C > 7 mg/dL have greater inflammation marked by ox-LDL. Further studies are needed to evaluate the utility of these novel biomarkers in predicting CAD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marija Kinderytė
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church FVA, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Bliden
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church FVA, USA
| | - Udaya Tantry
- Platelet and Thrombosis Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Gurbel
- Inova Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church FVA, USA.
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Validation and application of a novel cholesterol efflux assay using immobilized liposomes as a substitute for cultured cells. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180144. [PMID: 29545317 PMCID: PMC5897742 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimation of the function as well as the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is required to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease development. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is the key metric for determining the antiatherosclerotic function of HDL. However, the assay methods currently used to calculate CEC are not ideal for clinical use as they require the culture of cells. In the present study, we developed a novel CEC assay using immobilized liposome-bound gel beads (ILGs), containing fluorescently labeled cholesterol, as a substitute for cultured cells. When apolipoprotein B-100 depleted serum, obtained by polyethylene glycol precipitation, was used as the cholesterol acceptors, the basic properties of this method, such as the available range of HDL-cholesterol, efflux temperature and time, and normalization parameters, indicate that this method is sufficient to estimate CEC. Furthermore, the CEC values obtained with this ILG method were also correlated with those obtained with a conventional method using THP-1 macrophages derived foam cells and 3H-cholesterol as a tracer (r = 0.932). Overall, this novel cholesterol efflux assay method is a realistic and effective alternative to current methods in the field while also being easier to use in clinical laboratories as neither cell culture, radioisotope nor ultracentrifugation is required.
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Kosmas CE, Martinez I, Sourlas A, Bouza KV, Campos FN, Torres V, Montan PD, Guzman E. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and its relevance to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212525. [PMID: 29623098 PMCID: PMC5877920 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several prospective epidemiological studies have shown that there is a clear inverse relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations and risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), even at low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below 70 mg/dL. However, more recent evidence from genetic studies and clinical research has come to challenge the long-standing notion that higher HDL-C levels are always beneficial, while lower HDL-C levels are always detrimental. Thus, it becomes apparent that HDL functionality plays a much more important role in atheroprotection than circulating HDL-C levels. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) from macrophages is a key metric of HDL functionality and exhibits a strong inverse association with both carotid intima-media thickness and the likelihood of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD), independent of the HDL-C level. Thus, extensive research is being conducted to identify new agents with a favorable side effect profile, which would be able to enhance CEC, improve HDL functionality and potentially decrease cardiovascular risk. This review aims to present and discuss the current clinical and scientific evidence pertaining to the significance of HDL functionality over the actual HDL-C concentration in mediating the favorable effects on the cardiovascular system. Thus, we conducted a PubMed search until December 2017 through the English literature using the search terms ‘HDL function/functionality’, ‘HDL properties’, ‘cardiovascular risk’ and ‘cholesterol efflux capacity’. We also included references from the articles identified and publications available in the authors’ libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine E Kosmas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Martinez
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter D Montan
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliscer Guzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Novaković A, Marinko M, Stojanović I, Nenezić D, Milojević P, Kanjuh V. NEW DRUGS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA. ACTA MEDICA MEDIANAE 2018. [DOI: 10.5633/amm.2018.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Smolders L, Mensink RP, Boekschoten MV, de Ridder RJJ, Plat J. The acute effects on duodenal gene expression in healthy men following consumption of a low-fat meal enriched with theobromine or fat. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1700. [PMID: 29374228 PMCID: PMC5785967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing apoA-I synthesis may improve HDL functionality and lower CVD risk. As theobromine and fat increase fasting apoA-I concentrations, and the intestine is involved in apoA-I production, the acute effects of both were studied on duodenal gene transcription to better understand underlying mechanisms. In this crossover study, 8 healthy men received once a low fat (LF) meal, a LF meal plus theobromine (850 mg), or a high fat (HF) meal. Five hours after meal intake duodenal biopsies were taken for microarray analysis. Theobromine and HF consumption did not change duodenal apoA-I expression. Theobromine did not change gene expression related to lipid and cholesterol metabolism, whereas those related to glycogen/glucose breakdown were downregulated. HF consumption increased gene expression related to lipid and cholesterol uptake and transport, and to glucose storage, while it decreased those related to glucose uptake. Furthermore, genes related to inflammation were upregulated, but inflammation markers in plasma were not changed. In healthy men, acute theobromine and fat consumption did not change duodenal apoA-I mRNA, but inhibited expression of genes related to glucose metabolism. Furthermore, HF intake activated in the duodenum expression of genes related to lipid and cholesterol metabolism and to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Smolders
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, The Netherlands
| | - Mark V Boekschoten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier J J de Ridder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
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Smolders L, Plat J, Mensink RP. Dietary Strategies and Novel Pharmaceutical Approaches Targeting Serum ApoA-I Metabolism: A Systematic Overview. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:5415921. [PMID: 28695008 PMCID: PMC5485365 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5415921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of CHD is still increasing, which underscores the need for new preventive and therapeutic approaches to decrease CHD risk. In this respect, increasing apoA-I concentrations may be a promising approach, especially through increasing apoA-I synthesis. This review first provides insight into current knowledge on apoA-I production, clearance, and degradation, followed by a systematic review of dietary and novel pharmacological approaches to target apoA-I metabolism. For this, a systematic search was performed to identify randomized controlled intervention studies that examined effects of whole foods and (non)nutrients on apoA-I metabolism. In addition, novel pharmacological approaches were searched for, which were specifically developed to target apoA-I metabolism. We conclude that both dietary components and pharmacological approaches can be used to increase apoA-I concentrations or functionality. For the dietary components in particular, more knowledge about the underlying mechanisms is necessary, as increasing apoA-I per se does not necessarily translate into a reduced CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Smolders
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Mensink
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
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24
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Furuhashi M, Ogura M, Matsumoto M, Yuda S, Muranaka A, Kawamukai M, Omori A, Tanaka M, Moniwa N, Ohnishi H, Saitoh S, Harada-Shiba M, Shimamoto K, Miura T. Serum FABP5 concentration is a potential biomarker for residual risk of atherosclerosis in relation to cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:217. [PMID: 28303004 PMCID: PMC5427929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) from macrophages, the first step in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, is inversely associated with residual risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and FABP5 are expressed in both adipocytes and macrophages and play significant roles in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Both FABP4 and FABP5 are secreted from cells, and their circulating levels are associated with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. We investigated the association between CEC and levels of FABP4 and FABP5 in 250 subjects without any medications. CEC was positively correlated with HDL cholesterol level and negatively correlated with concentrations of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and FABP5, but not FABP4. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that FABP5 concentration was an independent predictor of CEC after adjustment of age, gender and levels of HDL cholesterol and hsCRP. In 129 of the 250 subjects who underwent carotid ultrasonography, mean intima-media thickness was negatively correlated with CEC and was positively correlated with concentrations of FABP4 and FABP5. In conclusion, in contrast to FABP4, circulating FABP5 is associated with decreased CEC and carotid atherosclerosis, suggesting that FABP5 level is a regulatory factor of CEC and a potential biomarker for residual risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Masatsune Ogura
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yuda
- Devision of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Muranaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mina Kawamukai
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akina Omori
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marenao Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norihito Moniwa
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Saitoh
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Nursing, Division of Medical and Behavioral Subjects, Sapporo Medical University School of Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Chen L, Yao H, Hui JY, Ding SH, Fan YL, Pan YH, Chen KH, Wan JQ, Jiang JY. Global transcriptomic study of atherosclerosis development in rats. Gene 2016; 592:43-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Katsiki N, Mikhailidis DP, Mantzoros CS. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia: An update. Metabolism 2016; 65:1109-23. [PMID: 27237577 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, progressing from simple steatosis to necroinflammation and fibrosis (leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH), and in some cases to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance are involved in NAFLD development and progression. NAFLD has been associated with several cardiovascular (CV) risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension and smoking. NAFLD is also characterized by atherogenic dyslipidemia, postprandial lipemia and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunction. Most importantly, NAFLD patients have an increased risk for both liver and CV disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. In this narrative review, the associations between NAFLD, dyslipidemia and vascular disease in NAFLD patients are discussed. NAFLD treatment is also reviewed with a focus on lipid-lowering drugs. Finally, future perspectives in terms of both NAFLD diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Filippatos TD, Klouras E, Barkas F, Elisaf M. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors: challenges and perspectives. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2016; 14:953-62. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2016.1189327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Kosmas CE, DeJesus E, Rosario D, Vittorio TJ. CETP Inhibition: Past Failures and Future Hopes. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2016; 10:37-42. [PMID: 26997876 PMCID: PMC4790583 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s32667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The atheroprotective role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in cardiovascular disease has been unequivocally established, and epidemiological data have clearly demonstrated a strong inverse relationship between HDL-C levels and the risk of cardiovascular events, which is independent of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Thus, it would be logical to hypothesize that raising HDL-C might potentially lead to a reduction of cardiovascular risk. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) promotes the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to very low-density lipoprotein and LDL. Therefore, CETP inhibition raises HDL-C levels and decreases LDL-C levels. The first trials with CETP inhibitors failed to show a reduction in cardiovascular events. However, newer CETP inhibitors with more favorable effects on lipids are presently being tested in clinical trials with the hope that their use may lead to a reduction in cardiovascular risk. This review aims to provide the current evidence regarding CETP inhibition, as well as the clinical and scientific data pertaining to the new CETP inhibitors in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine E Kosmas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eddy DeJesus
- Department of Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Digna Rosario
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy J Vittorio
- Center for Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics, St. Francis Hospital - The Heart Center®, Roslyn, NY, USA
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Abstract
The role of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis is well recognized, and the use of LDL-C lowering medications has led to a significant reduction of cardiovascular risk in both primary and secondary prevention. Statins are the standard of care and their use is supported by extensive evidence demonstrating their effectiveness in lowering LDL-C and in reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease. However, many individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease fail to achieve LDL-C goals. In addition, several patients are intolerant to statins due to side effects, mostly myalgia and weakness, especially at high statin doses. However, until recently, the efficacy of other non-statin LDL-C-lowering drugs was modest, not exceeding a LDL-C reduction of 20%. In view of the above, extensive research is being carried out to identify new LDL-C-lowering agents with an acceptable side effect profile, which, used alone or in combination with statins, would improve our ability to achieve LDL-C goals and reduce cardiovascular risk. This review aims to provide the current evidence regarding the newly approved LDL-C-lowering agents, as well as the clinical and scientific data pertaining to promising new and emerging LDL-C-lowering drugs on the horizon.
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A disposable electrochemical sensor based on protein G for High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) detection. Talanta 2015; 144:466-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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31
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Upadhyay RK. Emerging risk biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases and disorders. J Lipids 2015; 2015:971453. [PMID: 25949827 PMCID: PMC4407625 DOI: 10.1155/2015/971453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Present review article highlights various cardiovascular risk prediction biomarkers by incorporating both traditional risk factors to be used as diagnostic markers and recent technologically generated diagnostic and therapeutic markers. This paper explains traditional biomarkers such as lipid profile, glucose, and hormone level and physiological biomarkers based on measurement of levels of important biomolecules such as serum ferritin, triglyceride to HDLp (high density lipoproteins) ratio, lipophorin-cholesterol ratio, lipid-lipophorin ratio, LDL cholesterol level, HDLp and apolipoprotein levels, lipophorins and LTPs ratio, sphingolipids, Omega-3 Index, and ST2 level. In addition, immunohistochemical, oxidative stress, inflammatory, anatomical, imaging, genetic, and therapeutic biomarkers have been explained in detail with their investigational specifications. Many of these biomarkers, alone or in combination, can play important role in prediction of risks, its types, and status of morbidity. As emerging risks are found to be affiliated with minor and microlevel factors and its diagnosis at an earlier stage could find CVD, hence, there is an urgent need of new more authentic, appropriate, and reliable diagnostic and therapeutic markers to confirm disease well in time to start the clinical aid to the patients. Present review aims to discuss new emerging biomarkers that could facilitate more authentic and fast diagnosis of CVDs, HF (heart failures), and various lipid abnormalities and disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant Upadhyay
- Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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Park JH, Lee MH, Shim JS, Choi DP, Song BM, Lee SW, Choi H, Kim HC. Effects of age, sex, and menopausal status on blood cholesterol profile in the korean population. Korean Circ J 2015; 45:141-8. [PMID: 25810736 PMCID: PMC4372980 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2015.45.2.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives To investigate age-specific and sex-specific distributions of blood cholesterol in the general Korean population. Subjects and Methods We analyzed data for 8284 men and 9246 women aged ≥10 years who participated in the fifth (2010-2012) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Age-specific means, medians, and selected percentiles were calculated for men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women. Results Median total cholesterol (TC) level increased with age across all age groups, from 147 to 196 mg/dL in males and from 159 to 210 mg/dL in females. Triglyceride (TG) levels increased with age in females; however, in males, TG levels rapidly increased during young adulthood, peaked at 50-54 years, and then decreased. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were higher in females than in males and decreased with increasing age in both males and females. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels increased with age across all age groups, from 89 to 127 mg/dL in males and from 82 to 113 mg/dL in females. Lipoprotein-cholesterol fraction (TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, non-HDL-C) levels increased with age in females, but increased more rapidly in males during young adulthood and decreased after middle age. Conclusion Blood cholesterol levels and lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions present different distributions by age, sex, and menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Park
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Ha Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Seon Shim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Phil Choi
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Mi Song
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hansol Choi
- Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. ; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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