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Lee GW, Kim K, Kim SJ, Shin K, Kim H, Ko HC, Kim MB, Kim B. Therapeutic Effect of Dupilumab on Systemic and Vascular Inflammation in Adults with Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Feasibility Study Using 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv5320. [PMID: 37219501 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease associated with increased systemic and vascular inflammation. Although dupilumab has been proven to be effective against severe AD, imaging studies analysing its inflammation-reducing effect have rarely been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dupilumab on systemic and vascular inflammation in adult patients with severe AD, using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT). A total of 33 adult patients with severe AD and 25 healthy controls underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at baseline. Patients on dupilumab treatment underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT again after achieving a 75% reduction from baseline on the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75). Patients with AD exhibited increased 18F-FDG uptake values in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and carotid artery compared with healthy controls. However, compared with baseline, there was no statistically significant difference in 18F-FDG uptake in major organs and arteries after achieving EASI-75 with dupilumab treatment. In conclusion, while dupilumab treatment resulted in a significant clinical improvement and reduced serum inflammatory markers in adult patients with severe AD, no changes in systemic and vascular inflammation were observed on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Wook Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong-Jang Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Kihyuk Shin
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hoonsoo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Ko
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Moon-Bum Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Byungsoo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea.
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Mohammadi Z, Abdollahzad H, Rezaeian S, Sabzi F, Tafteh N. The Association of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity with Inflammatory Biomarkers and Anthropometric Indices in Patients Who Candidate for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a Cross-sectional Study. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:353-363. [PMID: 34796139 PMCID: PMC8575643 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant compounds can attenuate inflammation and delay degenerative processes especially in the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and serum biomarkers in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In this cross-sectional study, 146 patients who had referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah were recruited and demographic, anthropometric, physical activity and dietary data were collected. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum levels of lipid profile, inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-17, intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules [ICAM, VCAM]), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also measured. A regression model adjusted for confounding variables presented that the coefficients of ICAM and VCAM (ng/dL) in the third tertile of DTAC were lower than those in the first tertile (β = -417.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -509.9 to -324.5, p < 0.001; β = -293.2, 95% CI = -334.3, -252.1, p < 0.001, respectively). The β of serum TAC (ng/dL) in the third tertile was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.77, 0.95, p < 0.001) higher than that in the first tertile. DTAC had no statistically significant relationship with lipid profile, FBG, and IL-17 levels, and anthropometric indices. In this study DTAC was associated with increased serum TAC and decreased cell adhesion molecules. Therefore, diet antioxidants may be beneficial in attenuating of inflammation in coronary artery diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Hadi Abdollahzad
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Feridoun Sabzi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Nazanin Tafteh
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
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Ye Z, Chen L, Fang Y, Zhao L. Blood MALT1, Th1, and Th17 cells are dysregulated, inter-correlated, and correlated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients; meanwhile, MALT1 decline during therapy relates to treatment outcome. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 36:e24112. [PMID: 34788483 PMCID: PMC8761436 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) participates in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases via activating various signaling pathways and promoting the differentiation of T‐helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cells; however, it is rarely reported in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to assess the correlation of MALT1 with Th1 and Th17 cells and evaluate its potential as a biomarker for evaluating disease activity and treatment outcomes in RA patients. Methods This study enrolled 139 RA patients and 45 health controls (HCs); then, blood MALT1, Th1, and Th17 cells were determined. For RA patients only, blood MALT1 at week (W) 6 and W12 after treatment was also detected. Additionally, clinical response and remission of RA patients were assessed at W12. Results MALT1 (p < 0.001), Th1 (p = 0.011), and Th17 (p < 0.001) cells were all increased in RA patients than HCs; meanwhile, increased MALT1 was associated with elevated Th1 (p = 0.003) and Th17 (p < 0.001) cells in RA patients. Besides, MALT1, Th1, and Th17 cells were positively correlated with parts of disease activity indexes in RA patients (all p < 0.050). In addition, MALT1 was gradually declined from W0 to W12 (p < 0.001) in RA patients. Specifically, MALT1 at W6 and W12 was lower in response patients than no response patients (both p < 0.010), also in remission patients than no remission patients (both p < 0.050). Conclusion MALT1, Th1, and Th17 cells are dysregulated, inter‐correlated, and correlated with disease activity in RA patients; meanwhile, the decline of MALT1 expression can partly reflect RA treatment response and remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ye
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Villani AP, Pavel AB, Wu J, Fernandes M, Maari C, Saint‐Cyr Proulx E, Jack C, Glickman J, Choi S, He H, Ungar B, Estrada Y, Kameyama N, Zhang N, Gonzales J, Tardif J, Krueger JG, Bissonnette R, Guttman‐Yassky E. Vascular inflammation in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis is associated with enhanced Th2 response. Allergy 2021; 76:3107-3121. [PMID: 33866573 DOI: 10.1111/all.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In atopic dermatitis (AD), some studies have shown an association with increased cardiovascular disease in certain populations. However, other investigations found modest or no association. Despite conflicting results, molecular profiling studies in both AD skin and blood have demonstrated upregulation of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk-related markers. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting AD to vascular inflammation/atherosclerosis are unknown. In this study, we aim to determine factors associated with vascular inflammation/atherosclerosis in AD patients. METHODS We used 18-FDG PET-CT to characterize vascular inflammation in AD patients and healthy subjects. In parallel, we assessed their skin and blood immune profiles to determine AD-related immune biomarkers associated with vascular inflammation. We also assessed levels of circulating microparticles, which are known to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. RESULTS We found significant correlations between vascular inflammation and Th2-related products in skin and blood of AD patients as well as atherosclerosis-related markers that were modulated by dupilumab. Circulating levels of endothelial microparticles were significantly higher in severe AD patients and tended to correlate with vascular inflammation assessed by PET-CT. CONCLUSION Vascular inflammation in AD is associated with enhanced Th2 response and clinical severity, which may explain cardiovascular comorbidities observed in select AD populations. Larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate vascular inflammation and cardiovascular events and mortality in AD patients. Finally, as dupilumab treatment demonstrated significant modulation of atherosclerosis-related genes in AD patients compared to placebo, these data suggest that modulation of vascular inflammation with systemic treatment should be explored in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel P. Villani
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Ana B. Pavel
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Mississippi University MS USA
| | - Jianni Wu
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- College of Medicine State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Marie Fernandes
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | | | | | | | - Jacob Glickman
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Seulah Choi
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Helen He
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Benjamin Ungar
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Yeriel Estrada
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Naoya Kameyama
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Juana Gonzales
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Jean‐Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal QC Canada
| | - James G. Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology The Rockefeller University New York NY USA
| | | | - Emma Guttman‐Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and the Immunology Institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
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Moshfegh CM, Case AJ. The Redox-Metabolic Couple of T Lymphocytes: Potential Consequences for Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:915-935. [PMID: 32237890 PMCID: PMC8035925 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: T lymphocytes, as part of the adaptive immune system, possess the ability to activate and function in extreme cellular microenvironments, which requires these cells to remain highly malleable. One mechanism in which T lymphocytes achieve this adaptability is by responding to cues from both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as metabolic flux, which together fine-tune the functional fate of these adaptive immune cells. Recent Advances: To date, examinations of the redox and metabolic effects on T lymphocytes have primarily investigated these biological processes as separate entities. Given that the redox and metabolic environments possess significant overlaps of pathways and molecular species, it is inevitable that perturbations in one environment affect the other. Recent consideration of this redox-metabolic couple has demonstrated the strong link and regulatory consequences of these two systems in T lymphocytes. Critical Issues: The redox and metabolic control of T lymphocytes is essential to prevent dysregulated inflammation, which has been observed in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. The role of the adaptive immune system in hypertension has been extensively investigated, but the understanding of how the redox and metabolic environments control T lymphocytes in this disease remains unclear. Future Directions: Herein, we provide a discussion of the redox and metabolic control of T lymphocytes as separate entities, as well as coupled to one another, to regulate adaptive immunity. While investigations examining this pair together in T lymphocytes are sparse, we speculate that T lymphocyte destiny is shaped by the redox-metabolic couple. In contrast, disrupting this duo may have inflammatory consequences such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M. Moshfegh
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Adam J. Case
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Wu TW, Chou CL, Chen YC, Juang YL, Wang LY. Associations of Common Genetic Variants on IL-17 Genes and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:1156-1167. [PMID: 29695654 PMCID: PMC6224208 DOI: 10.5551/jat.44453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process of the arterial wall and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is regarded as its early marker. Several members of the IL-17 family are involved in pro-inflammatory functions. The specific aim of the study was to explore the relationships of common genetic variants on IL-17 genes with cIMT thickening. METHODS In the discovery stage, 146 SNPs on 11 IL-17 genes were screened for their relationships with cIMT by a case-control study that enrolled 284 and 464 subjects who had thicker and normal cIMT, respectively. Findings were replicated by an independent case-control study that enrolled 282 subjects who had thicker cIMT and 282 age-sex-matched subjects who had normal cIMT. RESULTS Among 134 eligible SNPs in the discovery study, only IL-17RC rs279545 was significantly correlated with cIMT (p=6.9×10-5). The rs279545 and 2 nearby linked SNPs rs55847610 and rs3846167 were included in the validation study. We found that the rs279545*G, rs55847610*G, and rs3846167*C were correlated with significantly higher likelihoods of having thicker cIMT. The corresponding multivariate-adjusted ORs were 1.462 (95% CI: 1.055-2.027), 1.481 (95% CI:1.090-2.013), and 1.589 (95% CI: 1.147-2.200), respectively. Analyses of rs279545-rs55847610 haplotypes showed that the multivariate-adjusted OR for A-A haplotype was significantly decreased (OR=0.665, 95% CI: 0.487-0.908) and for G-G haplotype was significantly increased (OR=1.539, 95% CI: 1.097-2.161). CONCLUSIONS We first correlated cIMT, a preclinical clinical cardiovascular marker, with IL-17RC, the key molecule in the IL-17 signaling pathway. Our results indicated that IL-17RC may play critical role in the development of atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College
| | - Chao-Liang Chou
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College.,Department of Neurology, Mackay Memorial Hospital
| | | | - Yue-Li Juang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College
| | - Li-Yu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College
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7
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Zhu P, Li L, Gao B, Zhang M, Wang Y, Gu Y, Hu L. Impact of chronic methamphetamine treatment on the atherosclerosis formation in ApoE-/- mice fed a high cholesterol diet. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55064-55072. [PMID: 28903402 PMCID: PMC5589641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that methamphetamine could promote atherosclerosis (AS) in ApoE−/− mice fed normal chow. We herein observed the impact of methamphetamine on AS in ApoE−/− mice fed a high cholesterol diet and explored the potential mechanisms. Results and Materials and Methods Male ApoE−/− mice fed a high cholesterol diet were treated with saline (NS, n = 5) or methamphetamine [8 mg/kg/day (M8, n = 6) through intraperitoneal injection] for 24 weeks. Afterwards, the percentage area of atheromatous plaque in aortic root (44.31 ± 3.21% vs. 32.91 ± 3.58%, P < 0.01) and atherosclerotic lesion area on Oil red O stained en face aorta (32.74 ± 6.97% vs. 18.72 ± 3.65%, P < 0.01) were significantly higher in M8 group than in NS group. The percentages of Th1 cells and Th17 cells in spleen were significantly higher while the percentages of Th2 cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were significantly lower in M8 group than in NS group. mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were significantly up-regulated, IL-4, IL-10, Foxp3, and TGF-β were significantly down-regulated in carotid artery and in spleen in M8 group compared to NS group. Conclusions Chronic methamphetamine treatment can enhance atherosclerotic plaque formation possibly through promoting proinflammatory cytokine secretions in ApoE−/− mice fed a high cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at Puai Hospital, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at Puai Hospital, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at Puai Hospital, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at Puai Hospital, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at Puai Hospital, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at Puai Hospital, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Liqun Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center at Puai Hospital, Puai Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Xiao Y, Deng T, Shang Z, Wang D. Adiponectin inhibits oxidization-induced differentiation of T helper cells through inhibiting costimulatory CD40 and CD80. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6227. [PMID: 28513775 PMCID: PMC5479391 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a multifunctional adipokine that has several oligomeric forms in the blood stream, which broadly regulates innate and acquired immunity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to observe the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells and expression of costimulatory signaling molecules affected by adiponectin. The mRNA and protein expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors in oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol-treated endothelial cells were assayed by real time PCR and immunofluorescence. The endothelial cells were then treated with adiponectin with or without adipoR1 or adipoR2 siRNA and co-cultured with T lymphocytes. The distribution of Th1, Th2 and Th17 subsets were assayed by flow cytometry. The effects of adiponectin on costimulatory signaling molecules HLA-DR, CD80, CD86 and CD 40 was also assayed by flow cytometry. The results showed that endothelial cells expressed adiponectin and its receptor adipoR1 and adipoR2, but not T-cadherin. Adiponectin suppressed Th1 and Th17 differentiation through adipoR1 receptor, contributed to the inhibition of CD80 and CD40, and inhibited differentiation of Th1 and Th17 by inhibiting antigen presenting action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - T Deng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Shang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sorrenti V, Marenda B, Fortinguerra S, Cecchetto C, Quartesan R, Zorzi G, Zusso M, Giusti P, Buriani A. Reference Values for a Panel of Cytokinergic and Regulatory Lymphocyte Subpopulations. Immune Netw 2016; 16:344-357. [PMID: 28035210 PMCID: PMC5195844 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.6.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte subpopulations producing cytokines and exerting regulatory functions represent key immune elements. Given their reciprocal interdependency lymphocyte subpopulations are usually assayed as diagnostic panels, rather than single biomarkers for specialist clinical use. This retrospective analysis on lymphocyte subpopulations, analyzed over the last few years in an outpatient laboratory in Northeast Italy, contributes to the establishment of reference values for several regulatory lymphocytes currently lacking such reference ranges for the general population. Mean values and ranges in a sample of Caucasian patients (mean age 42±8,5 years), were provided for Th1, Th2, Th17, Th-reg, Tc-reg, Tc-CD57+ and B1 lymphocytes. The results are consistent with what is found in literature for the single subtypes and are: Th1 157.8±60.3/µl (7.3%±2.9); Th2 118.2±52.2/µl (5.4%±2.5); Th17 221.6±90.2/µl (10.5%±4.4); Th-reg 15.1±10.2/µl (0.7%±0.4); Tc-reg 5.8±4.7/µl (0.3%±0.2); Tc-CD57+ 103.7±114.1/µl (4.6%±4.7); B1 33.7±22.8/µl (1.5%±0.9); (Values are mean±SD). The results show that despite their variability, mean values are rather consistent in all age or sex groups and can be used as laboratory internal reference for this regulatory panel. Adding regulatory cells to lymphocyte subpopulations panels allows a more complete view of the state of the subject's immune network balance, thus improving the personalization and the "actionability" of diagnostic data in a systems medicine perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Bruno Marenda
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Claudia Cecchetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Roberta Quartesan
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Giulia Zorzi
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Morena Zusso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Pietro Giusti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy
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Abstract
The Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score is a semiquantitative angiographic score developed to prospectively characterize the disease complexity of the coronary vasculature. With more than 50 validation studies, the SYNTAX score is the most-studied risk model in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention. In this article, the evolutionary journey of the SYNTAX score is reviewed, with emphasis on its sequential modifications and adaptations, now culminating in the development and validation of the SYNTAX score II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Capodanno
- Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vasculare, Ferrarotto Hospital, University of Catania, Via Citelli, 6, Catania 95124, Italy.
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