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Ozcaliskan Ilkay H, Karabulut D, Kamaci Ozocak G, Mehmetbeyoglu E, Kaymak E, Kisioglu B, Cicek B, Akyol A. Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) supplemented cafeteria diet ameliorates glucose intolerance in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6920-6930. [PMID: 37970433 PMCID: PMC10630841 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a pseudocereal with rich nutritional composition, gluten free, and organoleptic. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the possible protective roles of quinoa in glucose homeostasis in a model of cafeteria diet-induced obesity. Male Wistar rats (3 weeks of age) were randomly allocated to be fed by; control chow (CON; n = 6), quinoa (QUI; n = 6), cafeteria (CAF; n = 6), or quinoa and cafeteria (CAFQ; n = 6) for 15 weeks. CAFQ resulted in decreased saturated fat, sugar, and sodium intake in comparison with CAF. Compared to CON, CAF increased body weight gain, plasma insulin, plasma glucose, decreased liver IRS-1, AMPK mRNA expressions, and pancreatic β-cell insulin immunoreactivity, and developed hepatocyte degeneration and microvesicular steatosis. Compared to CAF, QUI lowered body weight, plasma glucose, and plasma insulin, increased liver IRS-1 and AMPK mRNA expressions, and pancreatic β-cell insulin immunoreactivity. Compared to CAF, CAFQ lowered plasma glucose, increased liver IRS-1 mRNA expressions, increased pancreatic β-cell insulin immunoreactivity, and lowered hepatocyte degeneration and microvesicular steatosis. Dietary treatments did not influence IRS-2, AKT2, and INSR mRNA expressions. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and QUICKI were also similar between groups. Restoration of insulin in CAFQ islets was as well as that of CON and QUI groups. In conclusion, as a functional food, quinoa may be useful in the prevention of obesity and associated metabolic outcomes such as glucose intolerance, disrupted pancreatic β-cell function, hepatic insulin resistance, and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Ozcaliskan Ilkay
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Derya Karabulut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and EmbryologyErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Gonca Kamaci Ozocak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Laboratory Animals ScienceErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | | | - Emin Kaymak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and EmbryologyYozgat Bozok UniversityYozgatTurkey
| | - Betul Kisioglu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Betul Cicek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Asli Akyol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and DieteticsHacettepe UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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Butt M, Ssentongo P, Rogers AM, Rigby A. Associations of Food Addiction Symptomatology and Disordered Eating Behaviors in a Pre-Surgical Bariatric Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:3474. [PMID: 37571411 PMCID: PMC10421096 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The construct of food addiction (FA) has been highly debated in recent years particularly in the fields of disordered eating, medical weight management, and bariatric surgery. Some researchers have argued that FA symptoms are distinct, highly prevalent, and present a barrier for patients seeking medical treatment for obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cross-sectional associations between FA symptomatology, binge eating disorder (BED) and other appetitive traits, as well as dietary quality in a sample of adults with obesity seeking bariatric surgery. This post hoc analysis was conducted on a prospectively collected dataset from August 2020 to August 2022 at a single academic medical center. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample. Additional analyses included: correlation coefficients, multivariable linear regression, and analysis of variance. A total of 587 patients were included in this analysis with low average scores for FA symptoms (mean: 1.48; standard deviation (SD): 2.15). Those with no BED symptoms had the lowest average FA symptoms scores (mean: 0.87; SD: 1.52) and those with both bingeing and LOCE had the highest average scores (mean: 3.35; SD: 2.81). This finding supports the hypothesis that, while related, FA and BED may represent different cognitions and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (P.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Paddy Ssentongo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (P.S.); (A.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ann M. Rogers
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Andrea Rigby
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (P.S.); (A.R.)
- Division of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
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Zhu Y, Bailey D, Childress A, Dawson JA, Binks M, Dhurandhar NV. Greater protein quality of an egg breakfast may be inadequate to induce satiety during weight loss, compared with a cereal breakfast of equal protein quantity. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1096-1103. [PMID: 36237122 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2133097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effects of consuming egg-breakfast of superior protein quality to cereal-breakfast of similar energy density and protein quantity, but lower protein quality. Two, two-week randomised crossover clinical trials included 30 otherwise healthy women with overweight or obesity. Subjects received counselling to follow a reduced-calorie diet. Under supervision, participants consumed either breakfast for one-week then crossed over to the opposite breakfast. Experiment-1 outcome variables included post-breakfast appetite hormones, glucose and insulin, subjective markers of satiety and energy intake at lunch and dinner. In Experiment-2, an appealing food (brownies) was included in lunch. Following the breakfasts, Experiment-1 showed no significant differences in outcome variables. In Experiment-2, the egg-breakfast increased fullness (p = 0.038), but lunch-time energy intake was not different. If these findings apply to other breakfasts, it suggests that in comparing two breakfasts with similar protein quantity, the greater protein quality of a breakfast may not be adequate to induce satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zhu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Dylan Bailey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Allison Childress
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - John A Dawson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Martin Binks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Akhlaghi M. The role of dietary fibers in regulating appetite, an overview of mechanisms and weight consequences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3139-3150. [PMID: 36193993 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2130160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fibers prevent obesity through reduction of hunger and prolongation of satiety. A number of mechanical and endocrine signals from gastrointestinal tract are stimulated by fibers and their fermentation products, reach regions of brain involved in the regulation of appetite, and ultimately reduce food intake. Gastric distention, delayed gastric emptying, prevention of hypoglycemic, increased amounts of unabsorbed nutrients reaching to the ileum, and stimulation of enteroendocrine cells for secretion of cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY are among mechanisms of fibers in decreasing hunger and prolongation of satiety. Fermentation of fibers produces short-chain fatty acids that also stimulates enteroendocrine cells to secrete GLP-1 and PYY. Randomized controlled trials have shown reductions in energy intake and body weight along with increased satiation and reduced hunger following consumption of fibers. Prospective cohort studies have confirmed these results but the extent of weight loss in some studies has been small. Controversies exist between studies particularly for the effect of fibers on the gastrointestinal hormones, subsequent food intake, and the resultant weight loss. More studies are needed before a clear conclusion can be drawn especially for the effect of fibers on appetite-related hormones and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zarei M, Adeli S, Hosseini S, Daneshzad E. The effect of flaxseed intake on appetite reduction: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3792-3804. [PMID: 35916016 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Appetite control has attracted many scientists' attention recently since it can lead to weight management and the prevention of further metabolic disorders. Many studies have been carried out to assess the effect of flaxseed on satiety perception but the results are controversial. This study aims to review these results comprehensively. PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched for related papers on June 2021. The searched keywords for appetite were: visual analog scale, appetite, desire to eat, satiation, satiety, hunger, fullness, and for Flaxseed they were: flax, flax*, linseed*, lignin*, Linseed Oil, flaxseed, ground flaxseed, flaxseed oil, and Linum usitatissimum. The 13 included studies were inconsistent in results and some of them found no significant effect of flaxseed on the considered outcomes. However, three studies revealed a significant reduction in hunger perception as well as appetite. Moreover, two studies found a decreasing effect on prospective consumption. Three studies observed a positive significant effect on fullness and satiety. Although there are a limited number of documents related to the effect of flaxseed on appetite perception, or its equivalent terms, the available studies suggest the potential role of flaxseed in decreasing appetite and hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Zarei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Adeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Hosseini
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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Glynn EL, Fleming SA, Edwards CG, Wilson MJ, Evans M, Leidy HJ. Consuming a Protein and Fiber-Based Supplement Preload Promotes Weight Loss and Alters Metabolic Markers in Overweight Adults in a 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2022; 152:1415-1425. [PMID: 35212740 PMCID: PMC9178960 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher protein and fiber diets promote weight management and metabolic health. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine if greater weight loss and positive changes in metabolic outcomes could be achieved with twice-daily consumption of a high-protein and fiber-based multi-ingredient nutritional shake (HPF) compared with an isocaloric low-protein, lower fiber-based placebo (LPF). METHODS Study procedures were conducted by an independent research organization under clinicaltrials.gov registration NCT03057873. Healthy overweight and obese adults [n = 206; BMI (kg/m2): 27-35; 70% female] were randomly assigned to HPF or LPF. All participants were prescribed an energy-restricted diet (500 kcal/d less than energy needs) and consumed a HPF (17 g protein, 6 g fiber) or LPF (1 g protein, 3 g fiber) shake 30 min before breakfast and lunch for 12 wk. Primary outcomes included body weight and total body fat percentage. Blood samples were collected at days (D) 0, 28, 56, and 84 for secondary analyses related to metabolic markers of health. RESULTS Although weight loss occurred in both groups, HPF had greater weight loss at D84 compared with LPF (-3.3 kg vs. -1.8 kg, P < 0.05). Percentage body fat decreased in both groups (HPF: -1.33%, LPF: -1.09%; P < 0.001) with no differences between groups. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and oxidized LDL decreased between -5.1% to -8.3%, whereas adiponectin increased over time in both groups; these changes occurred to a greater extent in HPF compared with LPF (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A multi-ingredient HPF nutritional supplement shake consumed as a preload before breakfast and lunch positively influenced weight management and metabolic outcomes in overweight adults compared with an LPF placebo. These findings suggest that specific nutrient factors (i.e., potentially including protein, fiber, and bioactive content) other than calorie reduction alone influence the success of a weight-loss regimen. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03057873.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Glynn
- Scientific Affairs, Beachbody, LLC, El Segundo, CA, USA
- Research and Development, Beachbody, LLC, El Segundo, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Lawrence K, Myrissa K, Toribio-Mateas M, Minini L, Gregory AM. Trialling a microbiome-targeted dietary intervention in children with ADHD-the rationale and a non-randomised feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:108. [PMID: 35606889 PMCID: PMC9125862 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary interventions have been previously explored in children with ADHD. Elimination diets and supplementation can produce beneficial behaviour changes, but little is known about the mechanisms mediating change. We propose that these interventions may work, in part, by causing changes in the gut microbiota. A microbiome-targeted dietary intervention was developed, and its feasibility assessed. Methods A non-randomised feasibility study was conducted on nine non-medicated children with ADHD, aged 8–13 years (mean 10.39 years), using a prospective one-group pre-test/post-test design. Participants were recruited from ADHD support groups in London and took part in the 6-week microbiome-targeted dietary intervention, which was specifically designed to impact the composition of gut bacteria. Children were assessed pre- and post-intervention on measures of ADHD symptomatology, cognition, sleep, gut function and stool-sample microbiome analysis. The primary aim was to assess the study completion rate, with secondary aims assessing adherence, adverse events (aiming for no severe and minimal), acceptability and suitability of outcome measures. Results Recruitment proved to be challenging and despite targeting 230 participants directly through support groups, and many more through social media, nine families (of the planned 10) signed up for the trial. The completion rate for the study was excellent at 100%. Exploration of secondary aims revealed that (1) adherence to each aspect of the dietary protocol was very good; (2) two mild adverse events were reported; (3) parents rated the treatment as having good acceptability; (4) data collection and outcome measures were broadly feasible for use in an RCT with a few suggestions recommended; (5) descriptive data for outcome measures is presented and suggests that further exploration of gut microbiota, ADHD symptoms and sleep would be helpful in future research. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility of a microbiome-targeted dietary intervention in children with ADHD. Recruitment was challenging, but the diet itself was well-tolerated and adherence was very good. Families wishing to trial this diet may find it an acceptable intervention. However, recruitment, even for this small pilot study, was challenging. Because of the difficulty experienced recruiting participants, future randomised controlled trials may wish to adopt a simpler dietary approach which requires less parental time and engagement, in order to recruit the number of participants required to make meaningful statistical interpretations of efficacy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03737877. Registered 13 November 2018—retrospectively registered, within 2 days of the first participant being recruited. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01058-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lawrence
- Department of Psychology & Pedagogic Science, Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.
| | - Kyriaki Myrissa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Miguel Toribio-Mateas
- School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, London, UK.,School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Lori Minini
- Department of Psychology & Pedagogic Science, Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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Satiety of Edible Insect-Based Food Products as a Component of Body Weight Control. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102147. [PMID: 35631288 PMCID: PMC9144672 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many aspects determining the nutritional potential of insect-based foods, research into the satiating potential of foods is an important starting point in the design of new functional foods, including those based on edible insects. The aim of this study was to assess the satiating value of products with the addition of freeze-dried insect flour. The test material included wheat pancakes in which corresponding proportions of wheat flour were substituted with 10% Mw, 0% Mw, and 30% Mw of flour from freeze-dried Tenebrio molitor, 10% Bw, 20% Bw, and 30% Bw of flour from Alphitobius diaperinus, and 10% Cr, 20% Cr, and 30% Cr of flour from Acheta domesticus. The study included the characterisation of physico-chemical properties and their effect on the satiating potential of the analysed pancakes. A total of 71 healthy volunteers (n = 39 women, n = 32 men) with no food phobias were qualified for the study. Each subject rated the level of hunger and satiety before and after ingestion at 30 min intervals over the subsequent 180 min on two separate graphical scales. The rating was done on an unstructured 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). A portion intended for testing had a value of 240 kcal. The highest average satiety values were noted for the pancakes with an addition of 30% Alphitobius diaperinus (Bw) and with the addition of 20% and 30% addition of Acheta domesticus flour (Cr). The Tenebrio molitor-based products were the least satiating. However, the largest addition of 30% of an insect flour for each variant considerably increased the satiating potential as compared to the control sample. Satiety was influenced the most by the protein content in the test wheat pancakes. The results support the idea of a possible usage of insect-based food products in the composition of obesity treatment diets, carbohydrate-limiting diets, and as alternative sources of protein.
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Caldas APS, Rocha DMUP, Dionísio AP, Hermsdorff HHM, Bressan J. Brazil and cashew nuts intake improve body composition and endothelial health in women at cardiometabolic risk (Brazilian Nuts Study): a randomized controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-38. [PMID: 35193718 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100475x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several mechanisms have been proposed for the beneficial effect of nuts on health. However, Brazil and cashew nuts remain the least studied. We aim to evaluate the effect of these nuts within an energy-restricted diet on body weight, body composition, cardiometabolic markers, and endothelial function in cardiometabolic risk women. Brazilian nuts study is a randomized controlled parallel 8-week dietary intervention trial. Forty women were randomly allocated to 1) Control group: Energy-restricted diet without nuts, n= 19 or, 2) Brazil and cashew nuts group (BN-Group): Energy-restricted diet containing daily 45 g of nuts (15 g of Brazil nuts + 30g of cashew nuts), n= 21. At the beginning and final intervention, anthropometry, body composition, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood sampling was obtained to evaluate lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and endothelial function markers. After 8-week, plasma selenium concentration increased in BN-group (∆ = + 31.5 ± 7.8 μg/L; p= 0.001). Brazil and cashew nuts intake reduced total body fat (-1.3 ± 0.4 %) parallel to improvement of lean mass percentage in BN-group compared to the control. Besides, the soluble adhesion molecule VCAM-1 decreased (24.03 ± 15.7 pg/mL vs. -22.2 ± 10.3 pg/mL; p= 0.019) after Brazil and cashew nuts intake compared to the control. However, lipid and glucose profile markers, apolipoproteins, and blood pressure remained unchanged after the intervention. Thus, the addition of Brazil and cashew nuts to an energy-restricted diet can be a healthy strategy to improve body composition, selenium status, and endothelial inflammation in cardiometabolic risk women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Caldas
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Dionísio
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, 60511-110, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
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Vohra MS, Benchoula K, Serpell CJ, Hwa WE. AgRP/NPY and POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus and their potential role in treatment of obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 915:174611. [PMID: 34798121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health crisis affecting over a third of the global population. This multifactorial disease is regulated via interoceptive neural circuits in the brain, whose alteration results in excessive body weight. Certain central neuronal populations in the brain are recognised as crucial nodes in energy homeostasis; in particular, the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) region contains two peptide microcircuits that control energy balance with antagonistic functions: agouti-related peptide/neuropeptide-Y (AgRP/NPY) signals hunger and stimulates food intake; and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) signals satiety and reduces food intake. These neuronal peptides levels react to energy status and integrate signals from peripheral ghrelin, leptin, and insulin to regulate feeding and energy expenditure. To manage obesity comprehensively, it is crucial to understand cellular and molecular mechanisms of information processing in ARC neurons, since these regulate energy homeostasis. Importantly, a specific strategy focusing on ARC circuits needs to be devised to assist in treating obese patients and maintaining weight loss with minimal or no side effects. The aim of this review is to elucidate the recent developments in the study of AgRP-, NPY- and POMC-producing neurons, specific to their role in controlling metabolism. The impact of ghrelin, leptin, and insulin signalling via action of these neurons is also surveyed, since they also impact energy balance through this route. Lastly, we present key proteins, targeted genes, compounds, drugs, and therapies that actively work via these neurons and could potentially be used as therapeutic targets for treating obesity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sufyan Vohra
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Christopher J Serpell
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, United Kingdom
| | - Wong Eng Hwa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Zhao D, Cao J, Jin H, Shan Y, Fang J, Liu F. Beneficial impacts of fermented celery ( Apium graveolens L.) juice on obesity prevention and gut microbiota modulation in high-fat diet fed mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:9151-9164. [PMID: 34606532 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00560j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome caused obesity has long been recognized as a risk of health. Celery and celery extracts have various medicinal properties, such as anti-diabetes and anti-inflammatory properties and blood glucose and serum lipid reduction. However, the effect of probiotic fermentation on celery juice and the association between fermented celery juice (FCJ) and obesity were unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effects of FCJ on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity and related metabolic syndromes. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 15 per group) fed either a normal diet (ND) or HFD with or without CJ/FCJ (10 g kg-1 day-1) by oral gavage for 12 weeks. Here we demonstrated that the probiotic fermentation of celery juice (CJ) could enhance the active ingredients in celery, such as total polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and SOD. Compared to the slight improvement induced by CJ ingestion, FCJ intake significantly inhibited body weight gain, prevented dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, and suppressed visceral fat accumulation. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that FCJ intake altered the composition of gut microbiota, increasing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Faecalibaculum and Blautia), and decreasing the relative abundance of harmful bacteria (Alloprevotella and Helicobacter). These findings suggest that FCJ can prevent HFD-induced obesity and become a novel gut microbiota modulator to prevent HFD-induced gut dysbiosis and obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinhu Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Huiqin Jin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanke Shan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian Fang
- Weifang Bowei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Weifang 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety of Ministry of Education & Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Giuberti G, Albertini E, Miggiano GAD, Dall'Asta M, Rossi F. Effect of biscuits formulated with high-amylose maize flour on satiety-related sensations and food intake. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:1138-1145. [PMID: 33870842 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1911961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The amount of amylose within a food may elicit lower glycemic and insulin postprandial responses and thus potentially modulate the satiating effect. In this context, the effect of biscuits formulated with high amylose starch (HAS) flour on satiety-related sensations and food intake was studied. Three types of biscuits were produced: control biscuit (CRT, 0% of HAS), Amy-25 (25% HAS), and Amy-50 (50% HAS). Fifteen healthy volunteers were enrolled to conduct two in vivo experiments. In experiment 1, volunteers consumed biscuits ad libitum and their sensations of satiety and food intake were evaluated. In experiment 2, volunteers received a quantity of biscuits equivalent to the 20% of the daily estimated energy requirements, and both satiety-related sensations and food intake were checked at subsequent meal. The Amy-50 significantly reduced food intake at subsequent meal (p ˂ 0.05), compared to Amy-25 and CRT. The satiety-related sensations were not significantly affected in both experiments, excepted for intra-meal hunger variation induced by Amy-25 which resulted significantly higher (p ˂ 0.05) than Amy-50 and CRT. These findings support the need to reformulate carbohydrate rich foods commonly consumed in a dietary context, to provide consumers healthier alternatives to prevent and tackle obesity and related chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Giuberti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy.,Research Center in Biochemistry and Sports Nutrition (CRIBENS), Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Albertini
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano
- Department of Medicine and Translational Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Dall'Asta
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Research Center in Biochemistry and Sports Nutrition (CRIBENS), Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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13
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Liu C, Xue Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang D, Qiao D, Wang B, Shen F, Mao Z, Yu S, Wang C, Li W, Li X. Association between daily egg intake and lipid profiles in adults from the Henan rural cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2171-2179. [PMID: 33097413 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between daily egg intake and dyslipidemia remains a contentious issue. Therefore, our study was aimed to explore the relation of daily egg intake to lipid profile; and whether the association was mediated by body mass index (BMI). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 39,021 participants (18-79 years) were enrolled from the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Data on egg consumptions and blood lipid indices were collected with standardized processes. Logistic regression and restricted cubic splines were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Mediation analysis using bootstrap was performed to examine the contribution of BMI to daily egg intake and HDL-C. The participants were divided into 3 egg intake groups (<26.79 g/d, 26.79-62.50 g/d, >62.5 g/d). According to our results, comparing with the low daily egg consumption group, medium and high egg intake tertiles were related with increased high-TC (ORmedium = 1.546, 95%CI (1.417,1.688); ORhigh = 1.902,95%CI (1.703, 2.124)), high LDL-C (ORmedium = 1.224, 95%CI (1.121, 1.337); ORhigh = 1.368,95%CI (1.220, 1.534)) and non-HDL-C(ORmedium = 1.486,95%CI(1.358,1.625); ORhigh = 1.715,95%CI (1.499, 1.888)), as well as inversely associated with high-TG (ORmedium = 0.825, 95% CI(0.778, 0.875); ORhigh = 0.778,95%CI(0.718,0.844)) and low HDL-C (ORmedium = 0.914, 95%CI (0.858, 0.973); ORhigh = 0.756,95%CI(0.693,0.825)). Moreover, mediation analysis showed that both of BMI and WC partly mediated the relationship between daily egg intake and HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that the daily egg intake may have a role in effect on lipid profiles, and the effect of daily egg intake on HDL-C may be partly mediated by BMI and WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dou Qiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bingya Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fang Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Songcheng Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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14
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Qualls-Creekmore E, Marlatt KL, Aarts E, Bruce-Keller A, Church TS, Clément K, Fisher JO, Gordon-Larsen P, Morrison CD, Raybould HE, Ryan DH, Schauer PR, Spector AC, Spetter MS, Stuber GD, Berthoud HR, Ravussin E. What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice: Summary from a Pennington Scientific Symposium. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1386-1396. [PMID: 32520444 PMCID: PMC7501251 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review details the proceedings of a Pennington Biomedical scientific symposium titled, "What Should I Eat and Why? The Environmental, Genetic, and Behavioral Determinants of Food Choice." The symposium was designed to review the literature about energy homeostasis, particularly related to food choice and feeding behaviors, from psychology to physiology. This review discusses the intrinsic determinants of food choice, including biological mechanisms (genetics), peripheral and central signals, brain correlates, and the potential role of the microbiome. This review also address the extrinsic determinants (environment) of food choice within our physical and social environments. Finally, this review reports the current treatment practices for the clinical management of eating-induced overweight and obesity. An improved understanding of these determinants will inform best practices for the clinical treatment and prevention of obesity. Strategies paired with systemic shifts in our public health policies and changes in our "obesogenic" environment will be most effective at attenuating the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Qualls-Creekmore
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kara L. Marlatt
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annadora Bruce-Keller
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Tim S. Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
- ACAP Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Nutrition and Obesity: Systemic Approaches (NutriOmics) Research Unit, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Nutrition e, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 47-83 bd de l’Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer O. Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christopher D. Morrison
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Helen E. Raybould
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Cell Biology, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Donna H. Ryan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Philip R. Schauer
- Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alan C. Spector
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Maartje S. Spetter
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Germany; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Garret D. Stuber
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine & Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hans-Rudolf Berthoud
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Lonnie M, Laurie I, Myers M, Horgan G, Russell WR, Johnstone AM. Exploring Health-Promoting Attributes of Plant Proteins as a Functional Ingredient for the Food Sector: A Systematic Review of Human Interventional Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082291. [PMID: 32751677 PMCID: PMC7468935 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential beneficial effects of plant-based diets on human health have been extensively studied. However, the evidence regarding the health effects of extracted plant-based proteins as functional ingredients, other than soya, is scarce. The aim of this review was to compile evidence on the effects of extracted protein from a wide range of traditional and novel plant sources on glycemic responses, appetite, body weight, metabolic, cardiovascular and muscle health. A comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was conducted through 23 and 27 March 2020 for randomized controlled trials that featured any of the following 18 plant protein sources: alfalfa, duckweed, buckwheat, chickpea, fava bean, hemp, lentil, lupin, mushroom, oat, pea, potato, pumpkin, quinoa, rapeseed, rice, sacha inchi, sunflower. Only interventions that investigated concentrated, isolated or hydrolysed forms of dietary protein were included. Searched health outcome measures were: change in blood glucose, insulin, satiety hormones concentration, subjective assessment of appetite/satiety, change in blood lipids concentration, blood pressure, body weight and muscle health parameters. Acute and sub-chronic studies were considered for inclusion. Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach we identified 1190 records. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Plant protein sources used in interventions were most often pea (n = 16), followed by lupin (n = 4), fava bean (n = 2), rice (n = 2), oat (n = 2), hemp (n = 2) and lentil (n = 1). Satiety and postprandial glycemic response were the most frequently reported health outcomes (n = 18), followed by blood lipids (n = 6), muscle health (n = 5), body weight (n = 5) and blood pressure (n = 4). No studies on the remaining plant proteins in the extracted form were identified through the search. Most studies confirmed the health-promoting effect of identified extracted plant protein sources across glycemic, appetite, cardiovascular and muscular outcomes when compared to baseline or non-protein control. However, the current evidence is still not sufficient to formulate explicit dietary recommendations. In general, the effects of plant protein were comparable (but not superior) to protein originating from animals. This is still a promising finding, suggesting that the desired health effects can be achieved with more sustainable, plant alternatives. More methodologically homogenous research is needed to formulate and validate evidence-based health claims for plant protein ingredients. The relevance of these findings are discussed for the food sector with supporting market trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lonnie
- Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (M.M.); (G.H.); (W.R.R.); (A.M.J.)
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Ieva Laurie
- Tate & Lyle, 1 Kingsway, London WC2B 6AT, UK;
| | - Madeleine Myers
- Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (M.M.); (G.H.); (W.R.R.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Graham Horgan
- Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (M.M.); (G.H.); (W.R.R.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (M.M.); (G.H.); (W.R.R.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Alexandra M. Johnstone
- Rowett Institute, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; (M.M.); (G.H.); (W.R.R.); (A.M.J.)
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16
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Kim MY, Shin MR, Seo BI, Noh JS, Roh SS. Young Persimmon Fruit Extract Suppresses Obesity by Modulating Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:273-280. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Yeong Kim
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-Rae Shin
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bu-Il Seo
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Tongmyong University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea
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17
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Gorgey AS, Lester RM, Ghatas MP, Sistrun SN, Lavis T. Dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy may explain changes in body composition after spinal cord injury: A retrospective case report. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:2427-2437. [PMID: 31559279 PMCID: PMC6745335 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i17.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced level of physical activity, high-fat diet and skeletal muscle atrophy are key factors that are likely to contribute to deleterious changes in body composition and metabolic following spinal cord injury (SCI). Reduced caloric intake with lowering percentage macronutrients of fat and increasing protein intake may likely to improve body composition parameters and decrease ectopic adiposity after SCI.
AIM To highlight the effects of dietary manipulation and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on body composition after SCI
METHODS A 31-year-old male with T5 SCI was administered transdermal TRT daily for 16 wk. Caloric intake and percentage macronutrients were analyzed using dietary recalls. Magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were used to measure changes in body composition.
RESULTS Caloric intake and fat percentage were reduced by 445 kcal/d and 6.5%, respectively. Total body weight decreased by 8%, body fat decreased by 29%, and lean mass increased by 7%. Thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue cross-sectional area was reduced by 31%.
CONCLUSION Manipulation of caloric intake, fat percentage, and protein percentage may have influenced body composition after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S Gorgey
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMC, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
| | - Robert M Lester
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMC, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
| | - Mina P Ghatas
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMC, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
| | - Sakita N Sistrun
- Bionutrition Service, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
| | - Timothy Lavis
- Spinal Cord Injury and Disorders Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire VAMC, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23249, United States
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18
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Inhibitory Effect of fermented pectin on key metabolic enzymes associated with diabetes, obesity; and Liver-Kidney tissues toxicities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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The impact of probiotics' administration on glycemic control, body composition, gut microbiome, mitochondria, and other hormonal signals in adolescents with prediabetes - A randomized, controlled trial study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 11:55-62. [PMID: 30003169 PMCID: PMC6041374 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated that a significant proportion of adolescents exhibit abdominal obesity in early–middle adolescence, and impaired glucose metabolism. Dysregulation of glucose metabolism is aggravated by the existing osteosarcopenia not only in obese but also in overweight youth. Biochemical inflammation, derived from glucose metabolism dysregulation, in combination with increased stress levels lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, also known as ROS, which seem to afflict the integrity of the gastrointestinal wall, gut mucosa, and commensal, intestinal gut microflora. The current scientific protocol aims to assess the administration of probiotics in prediabetic adolescents in relation with their glycemic control, body composition, and intestinal microbiome. Methods/Design This is a study protocol of a two-armed RCT, that recruits adolescents with prediabetes, who will receive either a 4-month, life-style intervention, or a life-style intervention along with a probiotic supplement. The primary outcome is the differences in gut microbiome synthesis, body composition analysis parameters, and concentrations of hormones, before and after the intervention. Discussion This study aims to halt the progression of obesity and diabetes and aspires to contribute new evidence for upgraded treatment of obesity and diabetes. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12615000470594).
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20
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Izadi V, Haghighatdoost F, Moosavian P, Azadbakht L. Effect of Low-Energy-Dense Diet Rich in Multiple Functional Foods on Weight-Loss Maintenance, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1412275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vajihe Izadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parisa Moosavian
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and overweight has plateaued in developed countries, although at high levels, but in most parts of the world, it continues to increase. Current recommendations for preventing and treating obesity are based mainly on the notion that overeating results from hedonic eating as a result of unlimited access to palatable foods, particularly those high in sugar and fat, and that hedonic centers are able to "override" the body's homeostatic mechanisms. This article proposes that the homeostatic mechanisms affecting appetite and satiety are more important in chronic overeating, and that sufficient evidence exists for adopting a new paradigm for controlling individual and global obesity based on controlling energy homeostasis via the enteroendocrine and gut microbiota systems. Many obese children and adolescents have chronic hunger, supporting the notion that they have a homeostatic rather than hedonic abnormality. The effectiveness of weight loss drugs and bariatric surgery suggests that the brain centers controlling energy homeostasis are able to override centers controlling hedonic drives. Energy homeostasis can also be influenced by nutrition, in particular, by avoiding sweetened drinks and consuming whole grains, vegetables, fruits and other foods that are high in dietary fiber, and thereby influence appetite and satiety. New recommendations are outlined for preventing and treating individual and global obesity based on a paradigm that targets appetite and satiety.
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22
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Saande CJ, Jones SK, Hahn KE, Reed CH, Rowling MJ, Schalinske KL. Dietary Whole Egg Consumption Attenuates Body Weight Gain and Is More Effective than Supplemental Cholecalciferol in Maintaining Vitamin D Balance in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. J Nutr 2017; 147:1715-1721. [PMID: 28794211 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.254193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by vitamin D insufficiency owing to excessive urinary loss of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D]. We previously reported that a diet containing dried whole egg, a rich source of vitamin D, was effective at maintaining circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in rats with T2D. Furthermore, whole egg consumption reduced body weight gain in rats with T2D.Objective: This study was conducted to compare whole egg consumption with supplemental cholecalciferol with respect to vitamin D balance, weight gain, and body composition in rats with T2D.Methods: Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats (n = 24) and their lean controls (n = 24) were obtained at 5 wk of age and randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups: a casein-based diet (CAS), a dried whole egg-based diet (WE), or a casein-based diet containing supplemental cholecalciferol (CAS+D) at the same amount of cholecalciferol provided by WE (37.6 μg/kg diet). Rats were fed their respective diets for 8 wk. Weight gain and food intake were measured daily, circulating 25(OH)D concentrations were measured by ELISA, and body composition was analyzed by dual X-ray absorptiometry.Results: Weight gain and percentage of body fat were reduced by ∼20% and 11%, respectively, in ZDF rats fed WE compared with ZDF rats fed CAS or CAS+D. ZDF rats fed CAS had 21% lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than lean rats fed CAS. In ZDF rats, WE consumption increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations 130% compared with CAS, whereas consumption of CAS+D increased serum 25(OH)D concentrations 35% compared with CAS.Conclusions: Our data suggest that dietary consumption of whole eggs is more effective than supplemental cholecalciferol in maintaining circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in rats with T2D. Moreover, whole egg consumption attenuated weight gain and reduced percentage of body fat in ZDF rats. These data may support new dietary recommendations targeting the prevention of vitamin D insufficiency in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassondra J Saande
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Samantha K Jones
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | | | - Matthew J Rowling
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Kevin L Schalinske
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and .,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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23
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Solas M, Milagro FI, Martínez-Urbistondo D, Ramirez MJ, Martínez JA. Precision Obesity Treatments Including Pharmacogenetic and Nutrigenetic Approaches. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:575-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Impact of resistant starch from unripe banana flour on hunger, satiety, and glucose homeostasis in healthy volunteers. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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25
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Adam CL, Thomson LM, Williams PA, Ross AW. Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140392. [PMID: 26447990 PMCID: PMC4598151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high fat diet promotes obesity and poor metabolic health, both of which may be improved by decreasing caloric intake. Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre may be beneficial and this study investigates in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the effects of high or low fat diet with or without soluble fermentable fibre (pectin). In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. Caloric intake and body weight gain were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. Body fat mass increased in HF, was maintained in LF, but decreased significantly in LF+P and HF+P groups. Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. Total fat and triglyceride concentrations in liver were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. These data support the potential of fermentable dietary fibre for weight loss and improving metabolic health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L. Adam
- Ingestive Behaviour Group, Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn M. Thomson
- Ingestive Behaviour Group, Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia A. Williams
- Ingestive Behaviour Group, Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander W. Ross
- Ingestive Behaviour Group, Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Kinsey-Jones JS, Alamshah A, McGavigan AK, Spreckley E, Banks K, Cereceda Monteoliva N, Norton M, Bewick GA, Murphy KG. GPRC6a is not required for the effects of a high-protein diet on body weight in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1194-200. [PMID: 25958858 PMCID: PMC4692088 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The G-protein coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) is activated by proteinogenic amino acids and may sense amino acids in the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. The study investigated whether GPRC6A was necessary for the effects of low- and high-protein diets on body weight and food intake in mice. METHODS The role of GPRC6A in mediating the effects of a low-protein diet on body weight was investigated in GPRC6a knockout (GPRC6a-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice fed a control diet (18% protein) or a low-protein diet (6% protein) for 9 days. The role of GPRC6A in mediating the effects of a high-protein diet on body weight was investigated in GPRC6a-KO and WT mice fed a control diet (18% protein) or a high-protein diet (50% protein) for 5 weeks. RESULTS A high-protein diet reduced body weight gain and food intake compared with a control diet in both WT and GPRC6a-KO mice. A low-protein diet decreased body weight gain in GPRC6a-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS GPRC6A was not necessary for the effects of a low- or high-protein diet on body weight and likely does not play a role in protein-induced satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Kinsey-Jones
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Amin Alamshah
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anne K McGavigan
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Spreckley
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katherine Banks
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Cereceda Monteoliva
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mariana Norton
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Kevin G Murphy
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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