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Carbonetti MP, Almeida-Oliveira F, Majerowicz D. Use of FGF21 analogs for the treatment of metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 68:e220493. [PMID: 37948566 PMCID: PMC10916804 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2022-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
FGF21 is a hormone produced primarily by the liver with several metabolic functions, such as induction of heat production, control of glucose homeostasis, and regulation of blood lipid levels. Due to these actions, several laboratories have developed FGF21 analogs to treat patients with metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that used FGF21 analogs and analyzed metabolic outcomes. Our search yielded 236 articles, and we included eight randomized clinical trials in the meta-analysis. The use of FGF21 analogs exhibited no effect on fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA index, blood free fatty acids or systolic blood pressure. However, the treatment significantly reduced fasting insulinemia, body weight and total cholesterolemia. None of the included studies were at high risk of bias. The quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to very low, especially due to imprecision and indirection issues. These results indicate that FGF21 analogs can potentially treat metabolic syndrome. However, more clinical trials are needed to increase the quality of evidence and confirm the effects seen thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Carbonetti
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Almeida-Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - David Majerowicz
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil,
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Martínez-Montoro JI, Benítez-Porres J, Tinahones FJ, Ortega-Gómez A, Murri M. Effects of exercise timing on metabolic health. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13599. [PMID: 37416977 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome is associated with major health and socioeconomic consequences. Currently, physical exercise, together with dietary interventions, is the mainstay of the treatment of obesity and related metabolic complications. Although exercise training includes different modalities, with variable intensity, duration, volume, or frequency, which may have a distinct impact on several characteristics related to metabolic syndrome, the potential effects of exercise timing on metabolic health are yet to be fully elucidated. Remarkably, promising results with regard to this topic have been reported in the last few years. Similar to other time-based interventions, including nutritional therapy or drug administration, time-of-day-based exercise may become a useful approach for the management of metabolic disorders. In this article, we review the role of exercise timing in metabolic health and discuss the potential mechanisms that could drive the metabolic-related benefits of physical exercise performed in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gómez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mora Murri
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Heart Area Clinical Management Unit, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
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Singsalasang A, Nguanjairak R, Salawonglak T. Health literacy and behaviors influencing blood sugar level control among type 2 diabetes patients in primary care units, Thailand: A cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2022; 11:332. [PMID: 38124778 PMCID: PMC10730987 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74225.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains a significant cause of death globally. In addition, T2DM is among the top five chronic diseases which leads to mortality in the Thai population. Patients with T2DM need a wide self-management protocol. However, patients with low health literacy experience difficulty in recognizing health-related information and have difficulties in expressing their status to health care providers, resulting in poor self-management which results in worsening of the health condition. This study aimed to identify the health literacy among patients with type 2 diabetes to determine its association between factors with blood sugar level control in the patients who are treated in primary care units. Methods: A total of 605 subjects were randomly selected from four districts of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Northeastern Thailand. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and a review of their charts. A descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe characteristics of the subjects. In addition, multiple logistic regression was used for the association to estimate effect sizes in terms of an odds ratio with the 95% confidence interval. Results: Of the total 605 respondents, 90.90% of the subjects had a sufficient level of health literacy about diabetes. The present study found the subjects who had sufficient health literacy were significantly associated with blood sugar level control (Adjusted Odds Ratio, (AOR)=2.27; 95% CI: 1.10-4.74; p =0.026). A strongly significant association with blood sugar level control was found with diet behaviors (AOR = 9.71; 95% CI: 5.98-15.77; p<0.001) and exercise behaviors (AOR = 14.50; 95% CI: 8.66-24.27; p<0.001). Conclusions: Health literacy on the changing health related behaviors among the T2DM patients is significantly associated with controlling blood sugar level. Hence, health practitioners should enhance the health literacy on self-care among T2DM patients which will help to control T2DM in an effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atthawit Singsalasang
- Faculty of Public Health, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, 340 Sura Narai Rd, Tambon Nai Mueang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Rachanon Nguanjairak
- Faculty of Public Health, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, 340 Sura Narai Rd, Tambon Nai Mueang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Tongtip Salawonglak
- Faculty of Public Health, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, 340 Sura Narai Rd, Tambon Nai Mueang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Elizondo-Montemayor L. The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1899. [PMID: 32604889 PMCID: PMC7353393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity and its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution of energy substrates, optimization of global energy expenditure, enhancement of hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety and energy expenditure, and decreased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines, and immune cytokines and adipokines are hypothesized to play an important role in the body's response to exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview of these novel molecular players and the mechanisms involved in the redistribution of metabolic fuel during and after exercise, the loss of weight and fat mass, and reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain the potential role of these exercise-inducible factors, namely myokines, such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, and myostatin, and hepatokines, in particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, and follistatin. We also describe the function of osteokines, specifically osteocalcin, and of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. We also emphasize an integrative overview of the pleiotropic mechanisms, the metabolic pathways, and the inter-organ crosstalk involved in energy expenditure, fat mass loss, reduced inflammation, and healthy weight induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico
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Nicolo ML, Shewokis PA, Boullata J, Sukumar D, Smith S, Compher C, Volpe SL. Sedentary behavior time as a predictor of hemoglobin A1c among adults, 40 to 59 years of age, living in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2004 and 2013 to 2014. Nutr Health 2019; 25:275-279. [PMID: 31552794 DOI: 10.1177/0260106019870436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior activities have been associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Aim: Our aim was to determine whether sedentary behavior time (SBT) is predictive of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol). METHODS We used cross-sectional data, adults 40 to 59 years of age, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2003 to 2004 and 2013 to 2014. Responses to questions on the Physical Activity Questionnaire regarding time watching television/videos, and time spent sitting in front of a computer per day were compiled into tertiles. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether SBT was a predictor of a HbA1c ≥ 6.5% adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, and body mass index. RESULTS In a univariate model, adults reporting ≥ 8 hours of SBT in NHANES 2003-2004 had 2.02 increased odds of a HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.31, 3.13, p < 0.0001) compared to adults reporting ≤ 3 hours. After adjusting the regression model for age, sex, race and ethnicity, and body mass index, adults reporting ≥ 8 hours of SBT in NHANES 2003 to 2004 had 1.72 increased odds of HbA1c ≥ 6.5% (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.68, p < 0.0001) compared to adults reporting ≤ 3 hours of SBT. Reported SBT was not a predictor of HbA1c ≥ 6.5% for NHANES 2013 to 2014. CONCLUSION Reported SBT was a predictor of HbA1c ≥ 6.5% among adults, 40 to 59 years of age, in NHANES 2003 to 2004, but was not a predictor in 2013 to 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L Nicolo
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Patricia A Shewokis
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Joseph Boullata
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Deeptha Sukumar
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sinclair Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Charlene Compher
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Stella L Volpe
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
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Zhu HT, Yu M, Hu H, He QF, Pan J, Hu RY. Factors associated with glycemic control in community-dwelling elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Zhejiang, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:57. [PMID: 31170961 PMCID: PMC6555723 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exercise seems to be beneficial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, there is limited research elucidating the optimal accessible indices of adiposity and insulin resistance for identifying elderly T2DM patients with poor glycemic control, which could be improved by performing regular exercise. METHODS A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 918 Chinese elderly individuals with T2DM in Zhejiang. Relevant risk factors for poor glycemic control, as determined using glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) > 7%, were explored using logistic regression analyses and included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), the product of fasting triglycerides and glucose (TyG), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), TyG-BMI, and TyG-WC. Comparisons of the risk factors' ability to discriminate poor glycemic control as well as their optimal cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and then the extent of poor glycemic control risk reduction through regular exercise was examined using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The overall poor glycemic control rate was 49.3%. The factors associated with poor glycemic control included FBG > 3.869, TyG > 8.73, TyG-BMI > 222.45, and TyG-WC > 713.48 in logistic regression analyses. The optimal cutoff points of FBG, TyG, TyG-WC, and TyG-BMI in discriminating poor glycemic control were 7.38, 9.22, 813.33, and 227.77, and their corresponding areas under the ROC curves were 0.864(0.840-0.886), 0.684(0.653-0.714), 0.604(0.571-0.635), and 0.574(0.541-0.606), respectively. Occasional and regular exercise reduced the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of poor glycemic control to 0.187 (0.063-0.557) and 0.183 (0.059-0.571) for subjects with TyG-WC > 813.33 (p = 0.008), to 0.349 (0.156-0.782) and 0.284 (0.123-0.652) for subjects with TyG > 9.22 (p = 0.011), and to 0.390 (0.175-0.869) and 0.300(0.130-0.688) for subjects with TyG-BMI > 227.77 (p = 0.017), respectively, after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. CONCLUSION Among elderly individuals with T2DM, poor glycemic control risk might be identified using indices calculated from FBG, TG, BMI, and WC measurements, which are indicative of adiposity and insulin resistance. TyG-WC seems to be an accessible and useful indicator to identify which elderly T2DM patients would benefit from performing regular exercise to achieve good glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ting Zhu
- Yongkang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinghua, Zhejiang, 321300 China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhejiang, 310013 Hangzhou China
| | - Hao Hu
- Yongkang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinghua, Zhejiang, 321300 China
| | - Qing-Fang He
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399, Binsheng Road, Zhejiang, 310051 Hangzhou China
| | - Jin Pan
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399, Binsheng Road, Zhejiang, 310051 Hangzhou China
| | - Ru-Ying Hu
- Department of NCDs Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399, Binsheng Road, Zhejiang, 310051 Hangzhou China
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de Castro CA, da Silva KA, Rocha MC, Sene-Fiorese M, Nonaka KO, Malavazi I, Anibal FDF, Duarte ACGDO. Exercise and Omentin: Their Role in the Crosstalk Between Muscle and Adipose Tissues in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Models. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1881. [PMID: 30666216 PMCID: PMC6330355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effects of resisted, aerobic, and combined exercises on omentin levels in visceral adipose tissue and muscle of rats with experimental diabetes to verify whether these adipokines are related to the glucose pathway and inflammation process in this model. Male Wistar rats received a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) to induce experimental diabetes. After inducing diabetes, the animals were divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 10): diabetic control (C); resistance training (RT); aerobic training (AT); and combined training (CT). The groups were exercised for 12 weeks, 3 times/week, where: RT means the stair climbing protocol until exhaustion; AT is the 30 min/day reaching 20 m/min protocol, and CT is the combination of RT and AT. The AT group showed reduced retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissue and abdominal fat deposits. Our study also showed a possible control of blood glucose, as well as decreased Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein, increased circulating adiponectin and increased omentin in visceral adipose tissue. In addition, the AT group affected the glucose pathway by stimulating phosphorylation of Akt in muscle tissue. Omentin also showed a strong positive correlation with adiponectin and a moderate negative correlation with IL-6. Thus, our findings indicated that omentin in type 2 diabetes is changed by AT. Furthermore, increased omentin levels had a close association with the glucose pathway by stimulating phosphorylation of Akt in muscle tissue and with IL-6 in serum, suggesting that omentin is likely to have anti-inflammatory and protective action in experimental diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Ana da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Campos Rocha
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sene-Fiorese
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keico Okino Nonaka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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