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Maywald M, Rink L. Zinc Deficiency and Zinc Supplementation in Allergic Diseases. Biomolecules 2024; 14:863. [PMID: 39062576 PMCID: PMC11274920 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, it has become clear that allergic diseases are on the rise in both Western and developing countries. The exact reason for the increase in prevalence has not been conclusively clarified yet. Multidimensional approaches are suspected in which diet and nutrition seem to play a particularly important role. Allergic diseases are characterized by a hyper-reactive immune system to usually harmless allergens, leading to chronic inflammatory diseases comprising respiratory diseases like asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic skin diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD), and food allergies. There is evidence that diet can have a positive or negative influence on both the development and severity of allergic diseases. In particular, the intake of the essential trace element zinc plays a very important role in modulating the immune response, which was first demonstrated around 60 years ago. The most prevalent type I allergies are mainly based on altered immunoglobulin (Ig)E and T helper (Th)2 cytokine production, leading to type 2 inflammation. This immune status can also be observed during zinc deficiency and can be positively influenced by zinc supplementation. The underlying immunological mechanisms are very complex and multidimensional. Since zinc supplements vary in dose and bioavailability, and clinical trials often differ in design and structure, different results can be observed. Therefore, different results are not surprising. However, the current literature suggests a link between zinc deficiency and the development of allergies, and shows positive effects of zinc supplementation on modulating the immune system and reducing allergic symptoms, which are discussed in more detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
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2
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Sapp PA, Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Govaert M, Duysburgh C, Verstrepen L, Marzorati M, Marshall TM, Esposito R. AG1 ®, a Novel Synbiotic, Maintains Gut Barrier Function following Inflammatory Challenge in a Caco-2/THP1-Blue™ Co-Culture Model. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1263. [PMID: 39065031 PMCID: PMC11278950 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional interventions to reduce gastrointestinal (GI) permeability are of significant interest to physically active adults and those experiencing chronic health conditions. This in vitro study was designed to assess the impact of AG1, a novel synbiotic, on GI permeability following an inflammatory challenge. Interventions [AG1 (vitamins/minerals, pre-/probiotics, and phytonutrients) and control (control medium)] were fed separately into a human GI tract model (stomach, small intestine, and colon). In the colonic phase, the GI contents were combined with fecal inocula from three healthy human donors. GI permeability was evaluated with transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in a Caco-2 (apical)/THP1-Blue™ (basolateral) co-culture model. The apical side received sodium butyrate (positive control) or Caco-2 complete medium (negative control) during baseline testing. In the 24 h experiment, the apical side received colonic simulation isolates from the GI model, and the basolateral side was treated with Caco-2 complete medium, then 6 h treatment with lipopolysaccharide. TEER was assessed at 0 h and 24 h, and inflammatory markers were measured at 30 h in triplicate. Paired samples t-tests were used to evaluate endpoint mean difference (MD) for AG1 vs. control. TEER was higher for AG1 (mean ± SD: 99.89 ± 1.32%) vs. control (mean ± SD: 92.87 ± 1.22%) following activated THP1-induced damage [MD: 7.0% (p < 0.05)]. AG1 maintained TEER similar to the level of the negative control [-0.1% (p = 0.02)]. No differences in inflammatory markers were observed. These in vitro data suggest that acute supplementation with AG1 might stimulate protective effects on GI permeability. These changes may be driven by SCFA production due to the pre-/probiotic properties of AG1, but more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Sapp
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - Jeremy R. Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Health & Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| | - Trevor O. Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BVBA, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tess M. Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, AG1, Carson City, NV 89701, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Noor AAM, Nor AKCM, Redzwan NM. The immunological understanding on germinal center B cells in psoriasis. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31266. [PMID: 38578060 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of psoriasis is mainly driven by the dysregulation of T cells within the skin, marking a primary involvement of these cells in the pathogenesis. Although B cells are integral components of the immune system, their role in the initiation and progression of psoriasis is not as pivotal as that of T cells. The paradox of B cell suggests that, while it is crucial for adaptive immunity, B cells may contribute to the exacerbation of psoriasis. Numerous ideas proposed that there are potential relationships between psoriasis and B cells especially within germinal centers (GCs). Recent research projected that B cells might be triggered by autoantigens which then induced molecular mimicry to alter B cells activity within GC and generate autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines, form ectopic GC, and dysregulate the proliferation of keratinocytes. Hence, in this review, we gathered potential evidence indicating the participation of B cells in psoriasis within the context of GC, aiming to enhance our comprehension and advance treatment strategies for psoriasis thus inviting many new researchers to investigate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Akmal Mohd Noor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdah Karimah Che Md Nor
- Central Research Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Norhanani Mohd Redzwan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Costa CFFA, Ferreira-Gomes J, Barbosa F, Sampaio-Maia B, Burnet PWJ. Importance of good hosting: reviewing the bi-directionality of the microbiome-gut-brain-axis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1386866. [PMID: 38812976 PMCID: PMC11133738 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1386866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microorganisms have been shown to significantly impact on central function and studies that have associated brain disorders with specific bacterial genera have advocated an anomalous gut microbiome as the pathophysiological basis of several psychiatric and neurological conditions. Thus, our knowledge of brain-to-gut-to microbiome communication in this bidirectional axis seems to have been overlooked. This review examines the known mechanisms of the microbiome-to-gut-to-brain axis, highlighting how brain-to-gut-to-microbiome signaling may be key to understanding the cause of disrupted gut microbial communities. We show that brain disorders can alter the function of the brain-to-gut-to-microbiome axis, which will in turn contribute to disease progression, while the microbiome-to gut-to brain direction presents as a more versatile therapeutic axis, since current psychotropic/neurosurgical interventions may have unwanted side effects that further cause disruption to the gut microbiome. A consideration of the brain-to-gut-to-microbiome axis is imperative to better understand how the microbiome-gut-brain axis overall is involved in brain illnesses, and how it may be utilized as a preventive and therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina F. F. A. Costa
- ICBAS-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies, INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira-Gomes
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benedita Sampaio-Maia
- NanoBiomaterials for Targeted Therapies, INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Snelson M, Vanuytsel T, Marques FZ. Breaking the Barrier: The Role of Gut Epithelial Permeability in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024:10.1007/s11906-024-01307-2. [PMID: 38662328 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To review what intestinal permeability is and how it is measured, and to summarise the current evidence linking altered intestinal permeability with the development of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Increased gastrointestinal permeability, directly measured in vivo, has been demonstrated in experimental and genetic animal models of hypertension. This is consistent with the passage of microbial substances to the systemic circulation and the activation of inflammatory pathways. Evidence for increased gut permeability in human hypertension has been reliant of a handful of blood biomarkers, with no studies directly measuring gut permeability in hypertensive cohorts. There is emerging literature that some of these putative biomarkers may not accurately reflect permeability of the gastrointestinal tract. Data from animal models of hypertension support they have increased gut permeability; however, there is a dearth of conclusive evidence in humans. Future studies are needed that directly measure intestinal permeability in people with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Snelson
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Heart Failure Research Group, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
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Wang YC, Yang X, Xiao J, Wei SM, Su Y, Chen XQ, Huang T, Shan QW. Determination of the median lethal dose of zinc gluconate in mice and safety evaluation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:15. [PMID: 38317260 PMCID: PMC10840281 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc Gluconate (ZG) is a safe and effective supplement for zinc. However, there is limited research on the optimal dosage for intravenous injection and the safety evaluation of animal models for ZG. This study aims to determine the safe dose range of ZG for intravenous injection in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS A Dose titration experiment was conducted to determine the LD50 and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of ZG in mice. Based on the LD50, four sub-lethal doses (SLD) of ZG were evaluated. Following three injections of each SLD and monitoring for seven days, serum zinc levels were measured, and pathological changes in the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of mice were determined by histological staining. RESULTS The dose titration experiment determined the LD50 of ZG in mice to be 39.6 mg/kg, with a 95%CI of 31.8-49.3 mg/kg. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall serum zinc levels (H = 36.912, P < 0.001) following SLD administration. Pairwise comparisons showed that the serum zinc levels of the 1/2 LD50 and 3/4 LD50 groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001); the serum zinc level of the 3/4 LD50 group was significantly higher than those of the 1/8 LD50 and 1/4 LD50 groups (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the different SLDs of ZG and the serum zinc levels in mice (rs = 0.973, P < 0.001). H&E staining showed no significant histological abnormalities or lesions in the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of mice in all experimental groups. CONCLUSION The appropriate dose range of ZG for intravenous injection in C57BL/6J mice was clarified, providing a reference for future experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Su-Mei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Qing-Wen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Holtz LR, Nix BD, Akuse SE, Hall-Moore C, Newberry RD, Ciorba MA, Deepak P, Zulfiqar M, Shieh JJ, Johnson JR, Riley IR, Dorshow RB. First-in-Human Assessment of Gut Permeability in Crohn's Disease Patients Using Fluorophore Technology. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2024; 3:491-497. [PMID: 38813093 PMCID: PMC11129951 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims The dual sugar absorption test as a classic measure of human intestinal permeability has limited clinical utility due to lengthy and cumbersome urine collection, assay variability, and long turnaround. We aimed to determine if the orally administered fluorophore MB-102 (relmapirazin) (molecular weight [MW] = 372) compares to lactulose (L) (MW = 342) and rhamnose (R) (MW = 164)-based dual sugar absorption test as a measure of gut permeability in people with a spectrum of permeability including those with Crohn's disease (CD). Methods We performed a single-center, randomized, open-label, crossover study comparing orally administered MB-102 (1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg) to L (1000 mg) and R (200 mg). Adults with active small bowel CD on magnetic resonance enterography (cases) and healthy adults (controls) were randomized to receive either MB-102 or L and R on study day 1, and the other tracer 3 to 7 days later. Urine was collected at baseline and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours after tracer ingestion to calculate the cumulative urinary percent excretion of MB-102 and L and R. Results Nine cases and 10 controls completed the study without serious adverse events. Urinary recovery of administered MB-102 correlated with recovery of lactulose (r-squared = 0.83) for all participants. MB-102 urine recovery was also tracked with the L:R ratio urine recovery (r-squared = 0.57). In controls, the percentages of L and MB-102 recovered were similar within a narrow range, unlike in CD patients. Conclusion This first-in-human study of an orally administered fluorophore to quantify gastrointestinal permeability in adults with CD demonstrates that MB-102 is well tolerated, and its recovery in urine mirrors that of percent L and the L:R ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R. Holtz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - B. Darren Nix
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sewuese E. Akuse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carla Hall-Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew A. Ciorba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Parakkal Deepak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maria Zulfiqar
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Del Negro I, Pez S, Versace S, Marziali A, Gigli GL, Tereshko Y, Valente M. Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies on Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:6. [PMID: 38276041 PMCID: PMC10818907 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, autoimmune-mediated, demyelinating disease whose pathogenesis remains to be defined. In past years, in consideration of a constantly growing number of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, the impacts of different environmental factors in the pathogenesis of the disease have been largely studied. Alterations in gut microbiome composition and intestinal barrier permeability have been suggested to play an essential role in the regulation of autoimmunity. Thus, increased efforts are being conducted to demonstrate the complex interplay between gut homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Numerous results confirm that disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) used for the treatment of MS, in addition to their immunomodulatory effect, could exert an impact on the intestinal microbiota, contributing to the modulation of the immune response itself. However, to date, the direct influence of these treatments on the microbiota is still unclear. This review intends to underline the impact of DMTs on the complex system of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Del Negro
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Pez
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Salvatore Versace
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marziali
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Yan Tereshko
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Valente
- Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine University Hospital, Piazzale S. Maria della Misericordia, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medical Area (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Zolnikova O, Dzhakhaya N, Bueverova E, Sedova A, Kurbatova A, Kryuchkova K, Butkova T, Izotov A, Kulikova L, Yurku K, Chekulaev P, Zaborova V. The Contribution of the Intestinal Microbiota to the Celiac Disease Pathogenesis along with the Effectiveness of Probiotic Therapy. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2848. [PMID: 38137992 PMCID: PMC10745538 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of many human disorders, including celiac disease (CD), is thought to be influenced by the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract and its metabolites, according to current research. This study's goal was to provide a concise summary of the information on the contribution of the intestinal microbiota to the CD pathogenesis, which was actively addressed while examining the reported pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). We assumed that a change in gluten tolerance is formed under the influence of a number of different factors, including genetic predisposition and environmental factors. In related investigations, researchers have paid increasing attention to the study of disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its functional activity in CD. A key finding of our review is that the intestinal microbiota has gluten-degrading properties, which, in turn, may have a protective effect on the development of CD. The intestinal microbiota contributes to maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, preventing the formation of a "leaky" intestine. On the contrary, a change in the composition of the microbiota can act as a significant link in the pathogenesis of gluten intolerance and exacerbate the course of the disease. The possibility of modulating the composition of the microbiota by prescribing probiotic preparations is being considered. The effectiveness of the use of probiotics containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bacteria in experimental and clinical studies as a preventive and therapeutic agent has been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Zolnikova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Natiya Dzhakhaya
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Elena Bueverova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Alla Sedova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Anastasia Kurbatova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Kira Kryuchkova
- Institute of Public Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Butkova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Biobanking Group, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (T.B.); (A.I.); (L.K.)
| | - Alexander Izotov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Biobanking Group, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (T.B.); (A.I.); (L.K.)
| | - Ludmila Kulikova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Biobanking Group, 109028 Moscow, Russia; (T.B.); (A.I.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology RAS—The Branch of Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Kseniya Yurku
- State Research Center—Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Pavel Chekulaev
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
| | - Victoria Zaborova
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia; (O.Z.); (N.D.); (E.B.); (A.S.); (A.K.); (P.C.)
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Sami AS, Frazer LC, Miller CM, Singh DK, Clodfelter LG, Orgel KA, Good M. The role of human milk nutrients in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1188050. [PMID: 37334221 PMCID: PMC10272619 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1188050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that primarily impacts preterm infants. The pathophysiology of NEC involves a complex interplay of factors that result in a deleterious immune response, injury to the intestinal mucosa, and in its most severe form, irreversible intestinal necrosis. Treatments for NEC remain limited, but one of the most effective preventative strategies for NEC is the provision of breast milk feeds. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which bioactive nutrients in breast milk impact neonatal intestinal physiology and the development of NEC. We also review experimental models of NEC that have been used to study the role of breast milk components in disease pathophysiology. These models are necessary to accelerate mechanistic research and improve outcomes for neonates with NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S. Sami
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren C. Frazer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire M. Miller
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lynda G. Clodfelter
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kelly A. Orgel
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Lyu S, Yang Q, Duan X, Liu X, Du Z, Shang X, Xu M, Liu J, Pan F, Zhang T. Protective effects and potential mechanisms of fermented egg-milk peptides on the damaged intestinal barrier. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1068877. [PMID: 36570170 PMCID: PMC9767966 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1068877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fermented egg-milk peptides (FEMPs) could enhance the colon-intestinal barrier and upgrade the expression of zonula occludens-1 and mucin 2. Besides, the underlying biological mechanism and the targets FEMPs could regulate were analyzed in our study. Methods Herein, the immunofluorescence technique and western blot were utilized to evaluate the repair of the intestinal barrier. Network pharmacology analysis and bioinformatics methods were performed to investigate the targets and pathways affected by FEMPs. Results and discussion Animal experiments showed that FEMPs could restore intestinal damage and enhance the expression of two key proteins. The pharmacological results revealed that FEMPs could regulate targets related to kinase activity, such as AKT, CASP, RAF, and GSK. The above targets could interact with each other. GO analysis indicated that the targets regulated by FEMPs could participate in the kinase activity of the metabolic process. KEGG enrichment revealed that the core targets were enriched in pathways related to cell apoptosis and other important procedures. Molecular docking demonstrated that FEMPs could bind to the key target AKT via hydrogen bond interactions. Our study combined the experiment in vivo with the method in silico and investigated the interaction between peptides and targets in a pattern of multi-targets and multi-pathways, which offered a new perspective on the functional validation and potential application of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Lyu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuehui Duan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuanting Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyang Du
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Menglei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengguang Pan
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Fengguang Pan
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Ting Zhang
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12
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Mavrogeni ME, Asadpoor M, Henricks PAJ, Keshavarzian A, Folkerts G, Braber S. Direct Action of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides against a Leaky Gut. Nutrients 2022; 14:4699. [PMID: 36364961 PMCID: PMC9655944 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial monolayer is the primary determinant of mucosal barrier function, and tight junction (TJ) complexes seal the paracellular space between the adjacent epithelial cells and represent the main "gate-keepers" of the paracellular route. Impaired TJ functionality results in increased permeation of the "pro-inflammatory" luminal contents to the circulation that induces local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses, ultimately triggering and/or perpetuating (chronic) systemic inflammatory disorders. Increased gut leakiness is associated with intestinal and systemic disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Modulation of TJ dynamics is an appealing strategy aiming at inflammatory conditions associated with compromised intestinal epithelial function. Recently there has been a growing interest in nutraceuticals, particularly in non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). NDOs confer innumerable health benefits via microbiome-shaping and gut microbiota-related immune responses, including enhancement of epithelial barrier integrity. Emerging evidence supports that NDOs also exert health-beneficial effects on microbiota independently via direct interactions with intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Among these valuable features, NDOs promote barrier function by directly regulating TJs via AMPK-, PKC-, MAPK-, and TLR-associated pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epithelial barrier-protective effects of different NDOs with a special focus on their microbiota-independent modulation of TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Mavrogeni
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mostafa Asadpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A. J. Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Wang D, Yao L, He R, Huang S, Huang Z, Fang K, Li Y. Comparison of the Effects of Acute Appendicitis and Chronic Cholecystitis on Intestinal Mucosal Function During Surgery. Cureus 2022; 14:e30953. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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14
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Forsyth CB, Voigt RM, Swanson GR, Bishehsari F, Shaikh M, Zhang L, Engen P, Keshavarzian A. Alcohol use disorder as a potential risk factor for COVID-19 severity: A narrative review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1930-1943. [PMID: 36394508 PMCID: PMC9722573 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In Dec. 2019-January 2020, a pneumonia illness originating in Wuhan, China, designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was shown to be caused by a novel RNA coronavirus designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). People with advanced age, male sex, and/or underlying health conditions (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic lung disease) are especially vulnerable to severe COVID-19 symptoms and death. These risk factors impact the immune system and are also associated with poor health, chronic illness, and shortened longevity. However, a large percent of patients without these known risk factors also develops severe COVID-19 disease that can result in death. Thus, there must exist risk factors that promote exaggerated inflammatory and immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus leading to death. One such risk factor may be alcohol misuse and alcohol use disorder because these can exacerbate viral lung infections like SARS, influenza, and pneumonia. Thus, it is highly plausible that alcohol misuse is a risk factor for either increased infection rate when individuals are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 virus and/or more severe COVID-19 in infected patients. Alcohol use is a well-known risk factor for lung diseases and ARDS in SARS patients. We propose that alcohol has three key pathogenic elements in common with other COVID-19 severity risk factors: namely, inflammatory microbiota dysbiosis, leaky gut, and systemic activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. We also propose that these three elements represent targets for therapy for severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Forsyth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Robin M. Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Garth R. Swanson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Maliha Shaikh
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Phillip Engen
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
- Rush University Graduate College, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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15
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Cifarelli V, Peche VS, Abumrad NA. Vascular and lymphatic regulation of gastrointestinal function and disease risk. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159207. [PMID: 35882297 PMCID: PMC9642046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vascular and lymphatic systems in the gut regulate lipid transport while restricting transfer of commensal gut microbiota and directing immune cell trafficking. Increased permeability of the endothelial systems in the intestine associates with passage of antigens and microbiota from the gut into the bloodstream leading to tissue inflammation, the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and ultimately to abnormalities of systemic metabolism. Recent studies show that lipid metabolism maintains homeostasis and function of intestinal blood and lymphatic endothelial cells, BECs and LECs, respectively. This review highlights recent progress in this area, and information related to the contribution of the lipid transporter CD36, abundant in BECs and LECs, to gastrointestinal barrier integrity, inflammation, and to gut regulation of whole body metabolism. The potential role of endothelial lipid delivery in epithelial tissue renewal after injury and consequently in the risk of gastric and intestinal diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Cifarelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Vivek S Peche
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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16
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Li X, Cui L, Feng G, Yu S, Shao G, He N, Li S. Collagen peptide promotes DSS-induced colitis by disturbing gut microbiota and regulation of macrophage polarization. Front Nutr 2022; 9:957391. [PMID: 36313077 PMCID: PMC9608506 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.957391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease caused by mucosal immune system disorder, which has increased steadily all over the world. Previous studies have shown that collagen peptide (CP) has various beneficial biological activities, it is not clear whether the effect of CP on UC is positive or negative. In this study, 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to establish acute colitis in mice. Our results suggested that CP supplementation (200, 400 mg/kg/day) promoted the progression of colitis, increased the expression of inflammatory factors and the infiltration of colonic lamina propria macrophages. Gut microbiota analysis showed the composition changed significantly and inflammation promoted bacteria was after CP treatment. Meanwhile, the effect of CP on macrophage polarization was further determined in Raw264.7 cell line. The results showed that CP treatment could increase the polarization of M1 macrophages and promote the expression of inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our results showed that CP treatment could disrupt the gut microbiota of host, promote macrophage activation and aggravate DSS-induced colitis. This may suggest that patients with intestinal inflammation should not take marine derived CP.
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17
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Remy NQ, Guevarra JA, Vonhoff FJ. Food supplementation with wheat gluten leads to climbing performance decline in Drosophila melanogaster. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000642. [PMID: 36217442 PMCID: PMC9547276 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Gluten sensitivity is associated with digestive and neurological disorders, correlating with abnormal amino acid levels, innate immune responses, gut dysbiosis and movement incoordination. However, the molecular mechanisms linking dietary gluten and brain function remain incompletely understood. We used Drosophila melanogaster to test the effects of gluten ingestion in locomotion performance. Whereas flies on control food showed decreased climbing performance after five weeks, flies exposed to food supplemented with different gluten concentrations showed a significant locomotion decline after three weeks of treatment. Future studies will determine the mechanisms underlying the observed gluten-dependent phenotypes to establish Drosophila models for gluten sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando J Vonhoff
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
,
Correspondence to: Fernando J Vonhoff (
)
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18
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Richter JF, Hildner M, Mrowka R, Schmauder R. Probing the leak pathway: Live-cell imaging of macromolecule passage through epithelia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:151-161. [PMID: 35766317 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epithelia compartmentalize multicellular organisms and provide interfacing between the inside and outside. Apart from regulating the exchange of solutes, uptake of nutrients, and excretion of waste products, their major function is to prevent uncontrolled access of foreign material to immune-competent compartments. Progress in understanding this barrier function toward larger solutes and its possible defects, as can be seen in a variety of diseases, is largely hampered by a lack of methods to spatiotemporally resolve transepithelial passage of macromolecules. Using different cell culture epithelia, we applied biotinylated dextran tracers carrying an acceptor fluorophore. These bind to cell-adherent avidin carrying donor fluorophore at the basolateral membranes of single-layered epithelial sheets. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was applied to living epithelia in order to image apical-to-basolateral tracer passage as a Förster resonance energy transfer signal of the fluorescent dextran-avidin pair over time. Stimulated macromolecule passage using barrier-perturbing agents proved its effectiveness for the leak imaging method presented herein. Over hours of imaging, spontaneous leaks were rare, occurring transiently on the scale of minutes and for the most part associated with rearranging cell junctions. The discussed approach to leak imaging is expected to promote the understanding of epithelial barriers, particularly, the nature and dynamics of the epithelial cell leak pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Richter
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus Hildner
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Mrowka
- Jena University Hospital, KIM III Department of Experimental Nephrology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Schmauder
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Physiology II, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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19
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Wan Y, Zhang B. The Impact of Zinc and Zinc Homeostasis on the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Intestinal Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070900. [PMID: 35883455 PMCID: PMC9313088 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element for living organisms, and zinc homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of the normal physiological functions of cells and organisms. The intestine is the main location for zinc absorption and excretion, while zinc and zinc homeostasis is also of great significance to the structure and function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Zinc excess or deficiency and zinc homeostatic imbalance are all associated with many intestinal diseases, such as IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), and CRC (colorectal cancer). In this review, we describe the role of zinc and zinc homeostasis in the intestinal mucosal barrier and the relevance of zinc homeostasis to gastrointestinal diseases.
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20
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Micronutrient Improvement of Epithelial Barrier Function in Various Disease States: A Case for Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062995. [PMID: 35328419 PMCID: PMC8951934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The published literature makes a very strong case that a wide range of disease morbidity associates with and may in part be due to epithelial barrier leak. An equally large body of published literature substantiates that a diverse group of micronutrients can reduce barrier leak across a wide array of epithelial tissue types, stemming from both cell culture as well as animal and human tissue models. Conversely, micronutrient deficiencies can exacerbate both barrier leak and morbidity. Focusing on zinc, Vitamin A and Vitamin D, this review shows that at concentrations above RDA levels but well below toxicity limits, these micronutrients can induce cell- and tissue-specific molecular-level changes in tight junctional complexes (and by other mechanisms) that reduce barrier leak. An opportunity now exists in critical care—but also medical prophylactic and therapeutic care in general—to consider implementation of select micronutrients at elevated dosages as adjuvant therapeutics in a variety of disease management. This consideration is particularly pointed amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.
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21
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Dokladny K, Crane JK, Kassicieh AJ, Kaper JB, Kovbasnjuk O. Cross-Talk between Probiotic Nissle 1917 and Human Colonic Epithelium Affects the Metabolite Composition and Demonstrates Host Antibacterial Effect. Metabolites 2021; 11:841. [PMID: 34940599 PMCID: PMC8706777 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic epithelium-commensal interactions play a very important role in human health and disease development. Colonic mucus serves as an ecologic niche for a myriad of commensals and provides a physical barrier between the epithelium and luminal content, suggesting that communication between the host and microbes occurs mainly by soluble factors. However, the composition of epithelia-derived metabolites and how the commensal flora influences them is less characterized. Here, we used mucus-producing human adult stem cell-derived colonoid monolayers exposed apically to probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 to characterize the host-microbial communication via small molecules. We measured the metabolites in the media from host and bacterial monocultures and from bacteria-colonoid co-cultures. We found that colonoids secrete amino acids, organic acids, nucleosides, and polyamines, apically and basolaterally. The metabolites from host-bacteria co-cultures markedly differ from those of host cells grown alone or bacteria grown alone. Nissle 1917 affects the composition of apical and basolateral metabolites. Importantly, spermine, secreted apically by colonoids, shows antibacterial properties, and inhibits the growth of several bacterial strains. Our data demonstrate the existence of a cross-talk between luminal bacteria and human intestinal epithelium via metabolites, which might affect the numbers of physiologic processes including the composition of commensal flora via bactericidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Dokladny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA;
| | - John K. Crane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14206, USA;
| | - Alex J. Kassicieh
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA;
| | - James B. Kaper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Olga Kovbasnjuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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22
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The Relieving Effects of a Polyherb-Based Dietary Supplement ColonVita on Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) in Older Adults with Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms Are Influenced by Age and Cardiovascular Disease: A 12-Week Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6653550. [PMID: 34539805 PMCID: PMC8448599 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic gastrointestinal symptoms (CGS) negatively affect the quality of life in about 15–30% of the population without effective drugs. Recent studies suggest that dietary supplement may improve CGS, but inconsistent results exist. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of a polyherbal-based supplement ColonVita on the gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) in 100 old adults with CGS (63.1 ± 9.6 years) who were randomly assigned to daily ColonVita or placebo tablets (n = 50/group) for 12 weeks in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial design. No significant fibrdifferences were found between ColonVita and placebo in the baseline total GIQLI score (101.12 ± 16.87 vs. 101.80 ± 16.48) (P > 0.05) or postintervention total GIQLI score (114.78 ± 9.62 vs. 111.74 ± 13.01) (P > 0.05). However, ColonVita significantly improved 16 scores of the 19 core GI symptoms compared with 10 items improved by placebo. The ColonVita group significantly improved the remission rate of 5 core GI symptoms compared to placebo and significantly improved the total GIQLI scores (118.09 ± 7.88 vs. 109.50 ± 16.71) (P < 0.05) and core GI symptom scores (64.61 ± 3.99 vs. 60.00 ± 8.65) (P < 0.05) in people ≥60 years of age (n = 49) but not in those under 60 y (n = 51). ColonVita significantly improved the total GIQLI scores and core GI symptom scores in people without cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (n = 56) (116.74 ± 9.38 vs. 110.10 ± 14.28) (P < 0.05) and (63.11 ± 4.53 vs. 59.93 ± 8.03) (P=0.07), respectively, but not in those with CVD (n = 44). Thus, ColonVita was beneficial for old adults with CGS, especially those ≥60 years of age and without CVD. Because a heterogenous pathogenesis of CGS-like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (ISD) is differentially associated with CVD, different comorbidities may have influenced the outcomes of different trials that should be controlled in further studies.
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