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Quin C, Breznik JA, Kennedy AE, DeJong EN, Andary CM, Ermolina S, Davidson DJ, Ma J, Surette MG, Bowdish DME. Monocyte-driven inflamm-aging reduces intestinal barrier function in females. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:65. [PMID: 39350153 PMCID: PMC11440997 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal barrier encompasses physical and immunological components that act to compartmentalize luminal contents, such as bacteria and endotoxins, from the host. It has been proposed that an age-related decline of intestinal barrier function may allow for the passage of luminal contents into the bloodstream, triggering a low-grade systemic inflammation termed inflamm-aging. Although there is mounting evidence to support this hypothesis in model species, it is unclear if this phenomenon occurs in humans. In addition, despite being well-established that biological sex impacts aging physiology, its influence on intestinal barrier function and inflamm-aging has not been explored. RESULTS In this study, we observed sex differences in markers of intestinal barrier integrity, where females had increased epithelial permeability throughout life as compared to males. With age, females had an age-associated increase in circulating bacterial products and metabolites such as LPS and kynurenine, suggesting reduced barrier function. Females also had age-associated increases in established markers of inflamm-aging, including peripheral blood monocytes as well as TNF and CRP. To determine if impaired barrier function was driving inflamm-aging, we performed a mediation analysis. The results show that the loss of intestinal barrier integrity was not the mediator of inflamm-aging in humans. Instead, persistent, low-grade inflammation with age preceded the increase in circulating bacterial products, which we confirmed using animal models. We found, as in humans, that sex modified age-associated increases in circulating monocytes in mice, and that inflammation mediates the loss of intestinal barrier function. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggest that higher basal intestinal permeability in combination with age-associated inflammation, increases circulating LPS in females. Thus, targeting barrier permeability in females may slow the progression of inflamm-aging, but is unlikely to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Quin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
| | - Jessica A Breznik
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allison E Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Erica N DeJong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine M Andary
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sofya Ermolina
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Donald J Davidson
- Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Centre for Inflammatory Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Jinhui Ma
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- McMaster Institute for Research on Aging, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Li Z, Wan M, Wang M, Duan J, Jiang S. Modulation of gut microbiota on intestinal permeability: A novel strategy for treating gastrointestinal related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112416. [PMID: 38852521 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence emphasizes the critical reciprocity between gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function in maintaining the gastrointestinal homeostasis. Given the fundamental role caused by intestinal permeability, which has been scrutinized as a measurable potential indicator of perturbed barrier function in clinical researches, it seems not surprising that recent decades have been marked by augmented efforts to determine the interaction between intestinal microbes and permeability of the individual. However, despite the significant progress in characterizing intestinal permeability and the commensal bacteria in the intestine, the mechanisms involved are still far from being thoroughly revealed. In the present review, based on multiomic methods, high-throughput sequencing and molecular biology techniques, the impacts of gut microbiota on intestinal permeability as well as their complex interaction networks are systematically summarized. Furthermore, the diseases related to intestinal permeability and main causes of changes in intestinal permeability are briefly introduced. The purpose of this review is to provide a novel prospection to elucidate the correlation between intestinal microbiota and permeability, and to explore a promising solution for diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuotong Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Meiyu Wan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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National Survey of Feeding Tube Verification Practices: An Urgent Call for Auscultation Deimplementation. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 2021; 39:329-338. [PMID: 33009273 DOI: 10.1097/dcc.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harm events such as pneumothoraces and pneumonia continue to be associated with feeding tube insertion. Most bedside verification methods are not accurate to discriminate pulmonary from gastrointestinal system. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines do not support auscultation of feeding tubes in adults, yet auscultation is the most common method used. OBJECTIVES Our survey assessed national feeding tube verification practices used by critical care nurses, including progress in auscultation method deimplementation, and stylet reinsertion and cleansing practices. METHODS A national survey of 408 critical care nurses was performed. RESULTS The majority performed auscultation (311 of 408 [76%]) to verify feeding tube placement. In the final multivariable model, nursing education, facility type, observation of colleagues performing auscultation, and awareness of an institutional policy were associated with auscultation of feeding tubes. Thirty-five percent used enteral access devices to verify initial feeding tube placement. Stylet cleansing methods were variable; 38% of reinserted stylets were not cleansed. DISCUSSION Minimal progress has been made in deimplementation of auscultation in the past 7 years despite passive knowledge dissemination in research articles, clinical practice guidelines, and procedure manuals. Although pH measure is used as a first-line feeding tube verification method in the United Kingdom, it is rarely used in the United States. Clinical practice guidelines should be updated to incorporate new research on enteral access systems. CONCLUSIONS Tradition-based practices such as auscultation and certain stylet cleansing methods should be deimplemented. A focused interdisciplinary, multifaceted program is needed to deimplement auscultation practice for adult feeding tubes.
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Wei X, Tsai T, Knapp J, Bottoms K, Deng F, Story R, Maxwell C, Zhao J. ZnO Modulates Swine Gut Microbiota and Improves Growth Performance of Nursery Pigs When Combined with Peptide Cocktail. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E146. [PMID: 31973057 PMCID: PMC7074828 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc has been very efficacious in reducing post-weaning diarrhea, whereas animal-derived peptides are suggested to improve the growth performance of weaned piglets. However, the combined effect of zinc and peptides on swine production and swine gut microbiota is still largely unknown. In this study, we followed 288 nursery pigs from the age of d30 to d60 to evaluate the growth performance and gut microbiota of weanling pigs subjected to different levels of a fish-porcine-microbial peptide cocktail (0.05%, 0.25%, and 0.5%) with or without the pharmaceutical level of zinc oxide (ZnO) (2500 ppm) supplementation in a nutrient-deficient diet. Rectal swab samples were collected from pigs with body weight (BW) approach average at each pen on d30, d42, and d60 to determine gut microbiota. Average daily gain (ADG) and BW in piglets fed high zinc (HZ) increased with increasing levels of peptide. The microbiota of the HZ group also diverged from those of the standard zinc (SZ) group from d30 to d60. Adding peptide did not alter community structure regardless of zinc supplementation. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that the pharmaceutical level of zinc as ZnO conditioned the gut community to the point where peptide could effectively restore growth performance in nursery pigs fed nutrient-deficient diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Wei
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Tsungcheng Tsai
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Joshua Knapp
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Kristopher Bottoms
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Feilong Deng
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Robert Story
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Charles Maxwell
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Davison JM, Wischmeyer PE. Probiotic and synbiotic therapy in the critically ill: State of the art. Nutrition 2018; 59:29-36. [PMID: 30415160 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent medical history has largely viewed our bacterial symbionts as pathogens to be eradicated rather than as essential partners in optimal health. However, one of the most exciting scientific advances in recent years has been the realization that commensal microorganisms (our microbiome) play vital roles in human physiology in nutrition, vitamin synthesis, drug metabolism, protection against infection, and recovery from illness. Recent data show that loss of "health-promoting" microbes and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria (dysbiosis) in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) appears to contribute to nosocomial infections, sepsis, and poor outcomes. Dysbiosis results from many factors, including ubiquitous antibiotic use and altered nutrition delivery in illness. Despite modern antibiotic therapy, infections and mortality from often multidrug-resistant organisms are increasing. This raises the question of whether restoration of a healthy microbiome via probiotics or synbiotics (probiotic and prebiotic combinations) to intervene on ubiquitous ICU dysbiosis would be an optimal intervention in critical illness to prevent infection and to improve recovery. This review will discuss recent innovative experimental data illuminating mechanistic pathways by which probiotics and synbiotics may provide clinical benefit. Furthermore, a review of recent clinical data demonstrating that probiotics and synbiotics can reduce complications in ICU and other populations will be undertaken. Overall, growing data for probiotic and symbiotic therapy reveal a need for definitive clinical trials of these therapies, as recently performed in healthy neonates. Future studies should target administration of probiotics and synbiotics with known mechanistic benefits to improve patient outcomes. Optimally, future probiotic and symbiotic studies will be conducted using microbiome signatures to characterize actual ICU dysbiosis and determine, and perhaps even personalize, ideal probiotic and symbiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Davison
- Department of Anesthesiology and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul E Wischmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Abu Faddan NH, Sherif TMK, Mohammed OA, Nasif KA, El Gezawy EM. Intestinal barrier integrity and function in infants with cholestasis. Intest Res 2017; 15:118-123. [PMID: 28239322 PMCID: PMC5323301 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2017.15.1.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The safety of the human body is maintained by effective monitoring of the mucosal surface integrity and protection against potentially harmful compounds. This function of the gut called intestinal barrier function can be affected by cholestasis and the absence of bile in the intestinal lumen. We aimed to determine whether the gut barrier integrity is impaired in infants with cholestasis by evaluation of the intestinal fatty acid binding proteins (I-FABP) and ileal bile acid binding protein (I-BABP) as markers of intestinal epithelial cell damage and plasma D-lactate level as a marker of gut wall permeability. Methods This case-control study included 53 infants with cholestasis and 29 controls. Serum levels of I-FABP, I-BABP, and D-lactate were measured in all subjects. Results Both groups of patients with neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia showed significantly higher levels of I-FABP and I-BABP than the controls. There were no differences in the serum D-lactate level between the cases and controls. There was no difference between the two groups of patients (I and II) regarding any of the parameters studied. No significant correlations between serum levels of I-FABP, I-BABP, or D-lactate and total or direct bilirubin levels were found in the cholestatic infants. Conclusions The intestinal epithelial barrier integrity is breached nearly in all parts of the intestine in infants with cholestasis. Further research is recommended to determine the impact of this finding on the management of these infants. The relationship between physical intestinal barrier damage and its functional failure remains subject for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagla H Abu Faddan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tahra M K Sherif
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omnia A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khalid A Nasif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Minya University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam M El Gezawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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7
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Ren W, Wang X, Zhang A, Li C, Chen G, Ge X, Pan K, Dong JH. Selective bowel decontamination improves the survival of 90% hepatectomy in rats. J Surg Res 2015; 195:454-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Kao CC, Cope JL, Hsu JW, Dwarkanath P, Karnes JM, Luna RA, Hollister EB, Thame MM, Kurpad AV, Jahoor F. The Microbiome, Intestinal Function, and Arginine Metabolism of Healthy Indian Women Are Different from Those of American and Jamaican Women. J Nutr 2015; 146:706-713. [PMID: 26962180 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.227579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indian women have slower arginine flux during pregnancy compared with American and Jamaican women. Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that becomes essential during periods of rapid lean tissue deposition. It is synthesized only from citrulline, a nondietary amino acid produced mainly in the gut. The gut is therefore a key site of arginine and citrulline metabolism, and gut microbiota may affect their metabolism. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify differences in the gut microbiota of nonpregnant American, Indian, and Jamaican women and characterize the relations between the gut microbiota, gut function, and citrulline and arginine metabolism. METHODS Thirty healthy American, Indian, and Jamaican women (n = 10/group), aged 28.3 ± 0.8 y, were infused intravenously with [guanidino-15N2]arginine, [5,5-2H2]citrulline, and [15N2]ornithine and given oral [U-13C6]arginine in the fasting and postprandial states. Fecal bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS In the fasting state, Indian women had lower citrulline flux than did American and Jamaican women [7.0 ± 0.4 compared with 9.1 ± 0.4 and 8.9 ± 0.2 μmol ⋅ kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1 ⋅ h-1, P = 0.01] and greater enteral arginine conversion to ornithine than did American women (1.4 ± 0.11 compared with 1.0 ± 0.08 μmol ⋅ kg FFM-1 ⋅ h-1, P = 0.04). They also had lower mannitol excretion than American and Jamaican women (154 ± 37.1 compared with 372 ± 51.8 and 410 ± 39.6 mg/6 h, P < 0.01). Three dominant stool community types characterized by increased abundances of the genera Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Bacteroides with Clostridium were identified. Indian women had increased mean relative abundances of Prevotella (42%) compared to American and Jamaican women (7% and < 1%, P = 0.03) which were associated with diet, impaired intestinal absorptive capacity, and arginine flux. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that dysregulated intestinal function and a unique gut microbiome may contribute to altered arginine metabolism in Indian women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Kao
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Julia L Cope
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jean W Hsu
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Pratibha Dwarkanath
- St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jeffrey M Karnes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ruth A Luna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Emily B Hollister
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Minerva M Thame
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, University of West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Farook Jahoor
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Valentini L, Ramminger S, Haas V, Postrach E, Werich M, Fischer A, Koller M, Swidsinski A, Bereswill S, Lochs H, Schulzke JD. Small intestinal permeability in older adults. Physiol Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/phy2.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Valentini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Sara Ramminger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Verena Haas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Elisa Postrach
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Martina Werich
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - André Fischer
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Koller
- Center for Clinical Studies; University Hospital Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Alexander Swidsinski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Herbert Lochs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
- Medical University Innsbruck; Rectorate Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jörg-Dieter Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Section of Nutritional Medicine; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Valentini L, Ramminger S, Haas V, Postrach E, Werich M, Fischer A, Koller M, Swidsinski A, Bereswill S, Lochs H, Schulzke JD. Small intestinal permeability in older adults. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:e00281. [PMID: 24771689 PMCID: PMC4001874 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is not yet clear whether intestinal mucosal permeability changes with advancing age in humans. This question is of high importance for drug and nutrition approaches for older adults. Our main objective was to answer the question if small intestinal barrier integrity deteriorates with healthy aging. We conducted a cross‐sectional study including the pooled data of 215 nonsmoking healthy adults (93 female/122 male), 84 of whom were aged between 60 and 82 years. After a 12‐h fast, all participants ingested 10 g of lactulose and 5 g of mannitol. Urine was collected for 5 h afterwards and analyzed for test sugars. The permeability index (PI = lactulose/mannitol) was used to assess small intestinal permeability. Low‐grade inflammation defined by high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein ≥1 mL/L and kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate) were determined in the older age group. The PI was similar in older compared to younger adults (P =0.887). However, the urinary recovery of lactulose and mannitol was lower in the older adults and this change was neither associated with urinary volume nor glomerular filtration rate. The PI was not significantly correlated with low‐grade inflammation or presence of noninsulin‐dependent type 2 diabetes. However, it significantly deteriorated in the copresence of both conditions compared to low‐grade inflammation alone (P =0.043) or type 2 diabetes alone (P =0.015). Small intestinal mucosal barrier does not deteriorate with age per se. But low‐grade inflammation coupled with minor disease challenges, such as type 2 diabetes, can compromise the small intestinal barrier. Until now, it has not been clear if the small intestinal mucosal barrier deteriorates with age per se. We investigated the pooled data of 215 nonsmoking healthy adults, 84 of whom were aged between 60 and 82 years and found similar intestinal permeability results in all age classes. However, in participants with low‐grade inflammation coupled with type 2 diabetes the small intestinal integrity was compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Valentini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Section of Nutritional Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Cheng J, Fang ZZ, Kim JH, Krausz KW, Tanaka N, Chiang JYL, Gonzalez FJ. Intestinal CYP3A4 protects against lithocholic acid-induced hepatotoxicity in intestine-specific VDR-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2013; 55:455-65. [PMID: 24343899 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m044420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) mediates vitamin D signaling involved in bone metabolism, cellular growth and differentiation, cardiovascular function, and bile acid regulation. Mice with an intestine-specific disruption of VDR (Vdr(ΔIEpC)) have abnormal body size, colon structure, and imbalance of bile acid metabolism. Lithocholic acid (LCA), a secondary bile acid that activates VDR, is among the most toxic of the bile acids that when overaccumulated in the liver causes hepatotoxicity. Because cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is a target gene of VDR-involved bile acid metabolism, the role of CYP3A4 in VDR biology and bile acid metabolism was investigated. The CYP3A4 gene was inserted into Vdr(ΔIEpC) mice to produce the Vdr(ΔIEpC)/3A4 line. LCA was administered to control, transgenic-CYP3A4, Vdr(ΔIEpC), and Vdr(ΔIEpC)/3A4 mice, and hepatic toxicity and bile acid levels in the liver, intestine, bile, and urine were measured. VDR deficiency in the intestine of the Vdr(ΔIEpC) mice exacerbates LCA-induced hepatotoxicity manifested by increased necrosis and inflammation, due in part to over-accumulation of hepatic bile acids including taurocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid. Intestinal expression of CYP3A4 in the Vdr(ΔIEpC)/3A4 mouse line reduces LCA-induced hepatotoxicity through elevation of LCA metabolism and detoxification, and suppression of bile acid transporter expression in the small intestine. This study reveals that intestinal CYP3A4 protects against LCA hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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12
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Xiao G, Tang L, Yuan F, Zhu W, Zhang S, Liu Z, Geng Y, Qiu X, Zhang Y, Su L. Eicosapentaenoic acid enhances heat stress-impaired intestinal epithelial barrier function in Caco-2 cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73571. [PMID: 24066055 PMCID: PMC3774713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) barrier is known to have an important etiologic role in the pathophysiology of heat stroke. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play a role in maintaining and protecting the TJ structure and function. This study is aimed at investigating whether n-3 PUFAs could alleviate heat stress-induced dysfunction of intestinal tight junction. Methods Human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells were pre-incubated with EPA, DHA or arachidonic acid (AA) and then exposed to heat stress. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) permeability were measured to analyze barrier integrity. Levels of TJ proteins, including occludin, ZO-1 and claudin-2, were analyzed by Western blot and localized by immunofluorescence microscopy. Messenger RNA levels were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). TJ morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results EPA effectively attenuated the decrease in TEER and impairment of intestinal permeability in HRP flux induced by heat exposure. EPA significantly elevated the expression of occludin and ZO-1, while DHA was less effective and AA was not at all effective. The distortion and redistribution of TJ proteins, and disruption of morphology were also effectively prevented by pretreatment with EPA. Conclusion This study indicates for the first time that EPA is more potent than DHA in protecting against heat-induced permeability dysfunction and epithelial barrier damage of tight junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Qiu
- Department of Nutrition, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (LS)
| | - Lei Su
- Key Laboratory of Hot Zone Trauma Care and Tissue Repair of PLA, Department of Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (LS)
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Li N, Ma L, Liu X, Shaw L, Calzi SL, Grant MB, Neu J. Arginyl-glutamine dipeptide or docosahexaenoic acid attenuates hyperoxia-induced small intestinal injury in neonatal mice. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2012; 54:499-504. [PMID: 22020559 PMCID: PMC3749514 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3182330867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Supplementation studies of glutamine, arginine, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have established the safety of each of these nutrients in neonates; however, the potential for a more stable and soluble dipeptide, arginyl-glutamine (Arg-Gln) or DHA with anti-inflammatory properties, to exert benefits on hyperoxia-induced intestinal injury has not been investigated. Arg-Gln dipeptide has been shown to prevent retinal damage in a rodent model of oxygen-induced injury. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether Arg-Gln dipeptide or DHA could also attenuate markers of injury and inflammation to the small intestine in this same model. METHODS Seven-day-old mouse pups were placed with their dams in 75% oxygen for 5 days. After 5 days of hyperoxic exposure (P7-P12), pups were removed from hyperoxia and allowed to recover in atmospheric conditions for 5 days (P12-P17). Mouse pups received Arg-Gln (5g·kg·day) or DHA (5g·kg·day) or vehicle orally started on P12 through P17. Distal small intestine (DSI) histologic changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), inflammatory cytokines, and tissue apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS Hyperoxic mice showed a greater distortion of overall villus structure and with higher injury score (P<0.05). Arg-Gln dipeptide and DHA supplementation groups were more similar to the room air control group. Supplementation of Arg-Gln or DHA reduced hyperoxia-induced MPO activity (P<0.05). Supplementation of Arg-Gln or DHA returned LDH activity to the levels of control. Hyperoxia induced apoptotic cell death in DSIs, and both Arg-Gln and DHA reversed this effect (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with either Arg-Gln or DHA may limit some inflammatory and apoptotic processes involved in hyperoxic-induced intestinal injury in neonatal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Liya Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lynn Shaw
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sergio Li Calzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Maria B. Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Sánchez-Miralles A, Castellanos G, Badenes R, Conejero R. [Abdominal compartment syndrome and acute intestinal distress syndrome]. Med Intensiva 2012; 37:99-109. [PMID: 22244213 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Seriously ill patients frequently present intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) as complications, and the associated mortality is very high. This review offers an update on the most controversial aspects of these entities: factors favoring their appearance, the most common causes, prognosis, and methods of measuring intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), physiopathological consequences in relation to the different organs and systems, and the currently accepted treatment measures (medical and/or surgical). Simultaneously to the strictly physical mechanisms of injury, such as direct compression of intra-abdominal organs and vessels, the transmission of IAP to other compartments, and the drop in cardiac output, a series of immune-inflammatory mediators generated in the intestine itself may also intervene. Hypoperfusion, sustained ischemia and the ischemia-reperfusion phenomenon, would act upon the microbiota, intestinal epithelium and intestinal immune system, triggering a systemic inflammatory response and multiorgan dysfunction that appears in the final stages of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-Miralles
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, España
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15
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Volman JJ, Mensink RP, Buurman WA, Plat J. In vivo effects of dietary (1→3), (1→4)-β-D-glucans from oat on mucosal immune responses in man and mice. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:603-10. [PMID: 21162692 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2010.545830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antimicrobial peptides and tight junction proteins are crucial to maintain mucosal immunity. It is known that oat β-glucan may affect intestinal immunity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oat β-glucan on the presence of antimicrobial peptides and tight junction protein. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed antimicrobial peptide levels in fecal water prepared from 24 h ileostomic bag contents obtained from ileostomic patients consuming oat β-glucan enriched or control diets in a cross-over design. In addition, intestinal sections of mice, which received oat β-glucan via oral gavages for 3.5 days, were analyzed for lysozyme and zonula occludens-1 expression. RESULTS We observed a trend toward lower lysozyme (-23%; p = 0.076) and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (-17%; p = 0.098) levels in oat β-glucan enriched fecal water as compared with placebo. Additionally, mice receiving oat β-glucan showed a lower lysozyme expression in stained distal small intestinal sections (p = 0.011). Staining of zonula occludens-1 was decreased in β-glucan treated mice indicating disruption of the tight junction integrity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the consumption of oat β-glucan seems to decrease the levels of antimicrobial peptides in fecal water from human ileostomy patients and its expression in distal small intestine sections in mice. The decreased intestinal integrity in mice could be explained by the drop in antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Volman
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, The Netherlands
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Tsukamoto T, Antonic V, El Hajj II, Stojadinovic A, Binion DG, Izadjoo MJ, Yokota H, Pape HC, Bauer AJ. Novel model of peripheral tissue trauma-induced inflammation and gastrointestinal dysmotility. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:379-86, e164. [PMID: 21303433 PMCID: PMC3105173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma is a leading cause of death and although the gut is recognized as the 'motor' of post-traumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure, studies on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are few. Our objectives were to create a precisely controllable tissue injury model in which GI motility, systemic inflammation and wound fluid can be analyzed. METHODS A non-narcotic murine trauma model was developed by the subcutaneous dorsal trans-implantation of a devitalized donor syngeneic harvested tissue-bone matrix (TBX), which was precisely adjusted to % total body weight and studied after 21 h. Gastrointestinal transit histograms were plotted after the oral administration of non-digestible FITC-dextran and geometric centers calculated. Organ bath evaluated jejunal circular muscle contractility. Multiplex electrochemiluminescence measurements of serum and TBX wound fluid inflammatory mediators were performed. KEY RESULTS Increasing TBX amounts progressively delayed transit, whereas TBX heat denaturation or decellularization prevented ileus and death. In the TBX(17.5%) model, jejunal muscle contractility was suppressed and a systemic inflammatory response developed as significant serum elevations in IL-6, keratinocyte cytokine and IL-10 compared to sham. In addition, inflammatory responses within the wound fluid showed elevated levels of preformed IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas, 21 h after implantation IL-1β, IL-6 and keratinocyte cytokine were significantly increased in the wound. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES A novel donor tissue-bone matrix trauma model was developed that is precisely adjustable and recapitulates important clinical phenomena. The non-narcotic model demonstrated that increasing tissue injury progressively caused ileus, initiated a systemic inflammatory response and developed inflammatory changes within the wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsukamoto
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vlado Antonic
- Combat Wound Initiative Program, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Ihab I. El Hajj
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - David G. Binion
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mina J. Izadjoo
- Division of Wound Biology and Translational Research, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Hiroyuki Yokota
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hans Christoph Pape
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anthony J. Bauer
- Department of Medicine/Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Vermeulen MAR, Jong JD, Vaessen MJ, Leeuwen PAMV, Houdijk APJ. Glutamate reduces experimental intestinal hyperpermeability and facilitates glutamine support of gut integrity. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:1569-73. [PMID: 21472123 PMCID: PMC3070128 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i12.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess whether glutamate plays a similar role to glutamine in preserving gut wall integrity.
METHODS: The effects of glutamine and glutamate on induced hyperpermeability in intestinal cell lines were studied. Paracellular hyperpermeability was induced in Caco2.BBE and HT-29CL.19A cell lines by adding phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDB) apically, after which the effects of glutamine and glutamate on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) diffusion were studied. An inhibitor of glutamate transport (L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid: trans-PDC) and an irreversible blocker (acivicin) of the extracellular glutamine to glutamate converting enzyme, γ-glutamyltransferase, were used.
RESULTS: Apical to basolateral HRP flux increased significantly compared to controls not exposed to PDB (n = 30, P < 0.001). Glutamine application reduced hyperpermeability by 19% and 39% in the respective cell lines. Glutamate application reduced hyperpermeability by 30% and 20%, respectively. Incubation of HT29CL.19A cells with acivicin and subsequent PDB and glutamine addition increased permeability levels. Incubation of Caco2.BBE cells with trans-PDC followed by PDB and glutamate addition also resulted in high permeability levels.
CONCLUSION: Apical glutamate -similar to glutamine- can decrease induced paracellular hyperpermeability. Extracellular conversion of glutamine to glutamate and subsequent uptake of glutamate could be a pivotal step in the mechanism underlying the protective effect of glutamine.
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Derikx JPM, Luyer MDP, Heineman E, Buurman WA. Non-invasive markers of gut wall integrity in health and disease. World J Gastroenterol 2011. [PMID: 21072889 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i43.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the lumen and for the separation of the potentially toxic luminal content (external environment) from the host (internal environment). Disruption of this delicate balance at the mucosal interface is the basis for numerous (intestinal) diseases. Experimental animal studies have shown that gut wall integrity loss is involved in the development of various inflammatory syndromes, including post-operative or post-traumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and multiple organ failure. Assessment of gut wall integrity in clinical practice is still a challenge, as it is difficult to evaluate the condition of the gut non-invasively with currently available diagnostic tools. Moreover, non-invasive, rapid diagnostic means to assess intestinal condition are needed to evaluate the effects of treatment of intestinal disorders. This review provides a survey of non-invasive tests and newly identified markers that can be used to assess gut wall integrity.
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Derikx JPM, Luyer MDP, Heineman E, Buurman WA. Non-invasive markers of gut wall integrity in health and disease. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:5272-9. [PMID: 21072889 PMCID: PMC2980675 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i42.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the lumen and for the separation of the potentially toxic luminal content (external environment) from the host (internal environment). Disruption of this delicate balance at the mucosal interface is the basis for numerous (intestinal) diseases. Experimental animal studies have shown that gut wall integrity loss is involved in the development of various inflammatory syndromes, including post-operative or post-traumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and multiple organ failure. Assessment of gut wall integrity in clinical practice is still a challenge, as it is difficult to evaluate the condition of the gut non-invasively with currently available diagnostic tools. Moreover, non-invasive, rapid diagnostic means to assess intestinal condition are needed to evaluate the effects of treatment of intestinal disorders. This review provides a survey of non-invasive tests and newly identified markers that can be used to assess gut wall integrity.
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SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION INCREASES INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY DURING EXPERIMENTAL HUMAN ENDOTOXEMIA. Shock 2009; 32:374-8. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e3181a2bcd6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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de Haan JJ, Lubbers T, Derikx JP, Relja B, Henrich D, Greve JW, Marzi I, Buurman WA. Rapid development of intestinal cell damage following severe trauma: a prospective observational cohort study. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2009; 13:R86. [PMID: 19505335 PMCID: PMC2717456 DOI: 10.1186/cc7910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Loss of intestinal integrity has been implicated as an important contributor to the development of excessive inflammation following severe trauma. Thus far, clinical data concerning the occurrence and significance of intestinal damage after trauma remain scarce. This study investigates whether early intestinal epithelial cell damage occurs in trauma patients and, if present, whether such cell injury is related to shock, injury severity and the subsequent inflammatory response. Methods Prospective observational cohort study in 96 adult trauma patients. Upon arrival at the emergency room (ER) plasma levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (i-FABP), a specific marker for damage of differentiated enterocytes, were measured. Factors that potentially influence the development of intestinal cell damage after trauma were determined, including the presence of shock and the extent of abdominal trauma and general injury severity. Furthermore, early plasma levels of i-FABP were related to inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Upon arrival at the ER, plasma i-FABP levels were increased compared with healthy volunteers, especially in the presence of shock (P < 0.01). The elevation of i-FABP was related to the extent of abdominal trauma as well as general injury severity (P < 0.05). Circulatory i-FABP concentrations at ER correlated positively with IL-6 and PCT levels at the first day (r2 = 0.19; P < 0.01 and r2 = 0.36; P < 0.001 respectively) and CRP concentrations at the second day after trauma (r2 = 0.25; P < 0.01). Conclusions This study reveals early presence of intestinal epithelial cell damage in trauma patients. The extent of intestinal damage is associated with the presence of shock and injury severity. Early intestinal damage precedes and is related to the subsequent developing inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacco J de Haan
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Valentini L, Eggers J, Ockenga J, Haas VK, Bühner S, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Hengstermann S, Sinn B, Weigel A, Norman K, Pirlich M, Lochs H. Association between intestinal tight junction permeability and whole-body electrical resistance in healthy individuals: A hypothesis. Nutrition 2009; 25:706-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2008.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Li N, Neu J. Glutamine deprivation alters intestinal tight junctions via a PI3-K/Akt mediated pathway in Caco-2 cells. J Nutr 2009; 139:710-4. [PMID: 19211824 PMCID: PMC2666365 DOI: 10.3945/jn.108.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) is important for intestinal barrier function and regulation of tight junction (TJ) proteins, but the intracellular mechanisms of action remain undefined. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that Gln regulates intercellular junction integrity and TJ proteins through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in Caco-2 cells. Deprivation of exogenous and endogenous glutamine decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) (P < 0.01) and increased permeability (P < 0.01). Both wortmannin and LY294002, PI3K inhibitors, prevented the TER decrease and the permeability increase induced by Gln deprivation (P < 0.001). Gln deprivation also caused decreased TJ protein claudin-1 (P < 0.001). Both wortmannin and LY294002 treatment prevented this effect (P < 0.001). Deprivation of Gln increased phosphor-Akt protein. Gln supplementation reversed this effect. Decreased TER and increased permeability associated with Gln deprivation were not observed in small interfering RNA for p85 transfected Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, Gln regulates intercellular junction integrity and TJ proteins through the PI3-Kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Visschers RGJ, Olde Damink SWM, Schreurs M, Winkens B, Soeters PB, van Gemert WG. Development of hypertriglyceridemia in patients with enterocutaneous fistulas. Clin Nutr 2009; 28:313-7. [PMID: 19327876 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hypertriglyceridemia is commonly observed in patients with enterocutaneous fistulas, compromising their health status. In this study potential causes for hypertriglyceridemia in patients with an enterocutaneous fistula are explored and treatment options discussed accordingly. METHODS A database was created consisting of all consecutively treated patients with an enterocutaneous fistula from 1991 until 2007. Two successive measures of serum triglyceride concentrations of more than 3.0 mmol/L (266 mg/dL) were regarded as hypertriglyceridemia. The relation between fistula specific characteristics and hypertriglyceridemia was analyzed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model with time-dependent covariates. RESULTS A total 102 patients were eligible for this study of whom 25 had hypertriglyceridemia. Multivariable analysis showed that sepsis (HR 4.503, CI 1.778-11.401, P=0.002), high output small bowel fistula (HR 3.534, CI 1.260-9.916, P=0.016), parenteral nutrition (HR 5.689, CI 1.234-26.216, P=0.026) and inflammatory diseases (inflammatory bowel disease vs. malignancy HR 6.211, CI 1.081-35.696, P=0.041) were independent predictors of hypertriglyceridemia. CONCLUSIONS High triglyceride concentrations in patients with an enterocutaneous fistula were mainly associated with sepsis, a high output small bowel fistula, nutrition by the parenteral route and primary diseases with inflammatory aetiology. This should direct a treatment strategy that focuses on these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben G J Visschers
- Intestinal Failure Institute Maastricht (IFIM), Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Soeters PB. Probiotics: did we go wrong, and if so, where? Clin Nutr 2008; 27:173-8. [PMID: 18378362 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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