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Guarnaccia JB, Njike VY, Dutton A, Ayettey RG, Treu JA, Comerford BP, Sinha R. A pilot, randomized, placebo-controlled study of mindfulness meditation in treating insomnia in multiple sclerosis. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:263. [PMID: 37434109 PMCID: PMC10334613 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mindfulness is an established approach to reduce distress and stress reactivity by improving awareness and tolerability of thoughts and emotions. This study compares mindfulness training to sleep hygiene in persons with multiple sclerosis (PWMS) who report chronic insomnia, examining sleep efficiency (SE), self-reported sleep quality and quality of life. METHODS Fifty-three PWMS were randomized (1:1) in a single-blinded, parallel group design to ten, two-hour weekly sessions of Mindfulness Based Stress Intervention for Insomnia (MBSI-I) over a span of ten weeks or a single, one hour sleep hygiene (SH) session over one day. The primary outcome measure was SE, measured by the Fitbit™ Charge 2 wrist device, at 10 and 16 weeks from the start of study interventions. Self-report outcomes included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Rating Scale (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI). Nineteen participants in the MBSI-I group and 24 in the SH group completed the primary study. Subsequently, ten participants in the original SH group participated in the 10-week MSBI-I course and their data was added to the MBSI-I cohort (eMSBI-I). RESULTS While neither SE nor the PSQI showed significant differences between MBSI-I, eMBSI-I and SH groups, ISI improved in both the MSBI-I and eMBSI-I vs SH at 10 weeks (p = 0.0014 and p = 0.0275) but not 16 weeks. However, pre and post assessments within the MBSI-I and eMBSI-I cohorts did show significant improvement in the PSQI and ISI at 10 and 16 weeks, while SH was significant in the ISI only at 16 weeks. Several quality of life measurements, including fatigue, mental health and cognitive function favored the mindfulness cohorts. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates beneficial effects of MBSR on insomnia, sleep quality and quality of life in PWMS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03949296. 14 May 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Guarnaccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Center, Griffin Hospital, 350 Seymour Ave., Suite 1C, Derby, Connecticut, 06418, USA.
| | - Valentine Y Njike
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, 130 Division St., Derby, Connecticut, 06418, USA
| | - Anne Dutton
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Stress Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
| | - Rockiy G Ayettey
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, 130 Division St., Derby, Connecticut, 06418, USA
| | - Judith A Treu
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, 130 Division St., Derby, Connecticut, 06418, USA
| | - Beth P Comerford
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Griffin Hospital, 130 Division St., Derby, Connecticut, 06418, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale Stress Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
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Mao X, Dong W, Zhang J, Zhang F, Deng W, Li Z, Hou T. Mental health status and its associated factors among female nurses in the normalization of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control in China. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1088246. [PMID: 36684890 PMCID: PMC9859657 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1088246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate mental health status and its associated factors among female nurses in the normalization of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control in China. Methods Random cluster sampling was applied to recruit 740 female nurses in China. The respondents completed the survey with mobile devices. Demographic questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Insomnia Severity Index, and The Impact of Event Scale-Revised were used to assess demographic Information, anxiety, depression, insomnia and PTSD symptoms, respectively. The associated factors of mental health status were identified by binary logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 7.9 and 17.8%, respectively. Insomnia was an associated factor of anxiety (OR = 6.237, 95%CI = 6.055-23.761, P < 0.001) and depression (OR = 9.651, 95%CI = 5.699-22.370, P < 0.001), while PTSD was an associated factor of anxiety (OR = 11.995, 95%CI = 2.946-13.205, P < 0.001) and depression (OR = 11.291, 95%CI = 6.056-15.380, P < 0.001), Being married was a protective factor of depression (OR = 0.811, 95%CI = 1.309-6.039, P < 0.01). Conclusion Female nurses showed problems in mental health. Insomnia, PTSD and marital status were associated with mental health. The hospital management should pay more attention to the unmarried groups, and strive to improve the sleep quality of female nurses and reduce their stress caused by traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tianya Hou
- Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Jedel S, Beck T, Swanson G, Hood MM, Voigt RM, Gorenz A, Jakate S, Raeisi S, Hobfoll S, Keshavarzian A. Mindfulness Intervention Decreases Frequency and Severity of Flares in Inactive Ulcerative Colitis Patients: Results of a Phase II, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1872-1892. [PMID: 35661212 PMCID: PMC9713500 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic, inflammatory disease, characterized by symptomatic periods (flare) interspersed with asymptomatic periods (remission). Evidence suggests that psychological stress can trigger flare. Studies have shown that mindfulness interventions (MI) reduce stress, foster more adaptive coping, and improve quality of life, but have been minimally used for UC patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether participation in an MI results in improvements in UC disease course and inflammatory cascades, mindfulness, perceived stress, and other psychological outcomes in inactive UC patients with limited or no exposure to past MI. METHODS Participants were randomized to an 8-week MI or control group. Biological and psychological assessments were performed at baseline, post 8-week course, and at 6- and 12-months. RESULTS Forty-three participants enrolled. The MI increased the state of mindfulness and mindfulness skills, decreased perceived stress and stress response in patients with inactive UC. The MI intervention significantly decreased the incidence of flare over 12 months (P < .05). None of the UC patients in the MI flared during 12 months, while 5 of 23 (22%) control group participants flared during the same period. CONCLUSIONS MIs could be considered as adjuvant treatment for a subset of UC patients with high perceived stress and low state of mindfulness.The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01491997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Jedel
- Address correspondence to: Sharon Jedel, PsyD, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 207, Chicago, IL 60612 ()
| | - Todd Beck
- Bioinformatics and Biostatics Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Garth Swanson
- Bioinformatics and Biostatics Core, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan M Hood
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Annika Gorenz
- Rush University Medical Center, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shriram Jakate
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shohreh Raeisi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stevan Hobfoll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mahendru K, Pandit A, Singh V, Choudhary N, Mohan A, Bhatnagar S. Effect of Meditation and Breathing Exercises on the Well-being of Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection under Institutional Isolation: A Randomized Control Trial. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 27:490-494. [PMID: 34898943 PMCID: PMC8655642 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_40_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected every domain of human health be it physical or mental. The uncertainty of disease progression in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to major psychological and psychiatric concerns that should not be overlooked. The interventions should be directed to the vulnerable population to help them mitigate the stress and anxiety caused by the infection and isolation. We evaluated the effect of meditation and breathing exercises on the well-being of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection under institutional isolation. Materials and Methods: We conducted a randomized control trial on 84 subjects, 18 years and above, asymptomatic, or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected patients under institutional isolation. Subjects were randomly and equally divided into a control group and interventional group. We measured the depression, anxiety, and stress levels as well as quality of sleep in patients after 7 days of meditation and breathing exercises in the intervention group versus standard care in the control group. Results: Meditation and breathing exercises had a statistically significant effect on the depression level (P < 0.001), stress level (P = 0.004), and the quality of sleep [trouble falling asleep (P = 0.007), trouble staying asleep (P = 0.004), and feel tired after waking up in the morning (P = 0.003)]. Further, the positive effect of intervention on the level of anxiety in patients under isolation was also observed; however, the difference was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.528). Conclusion: Meditation and breathing exercises have positive effects on depression, stress levels, and quality of sleep in COVID-19 positive patients under strict institutional isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mahendru
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anuja Pandit
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, National Cancer Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishwajeet Singh
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nandan Choudhary
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Bhatnagar
- Department of Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Su H, Xiao L, Ren Y, Xie H, Sun XH. Effects of mindful breathing combined with sleep-inducing exercises in patients with insomnia. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8740-8748. [PMID: 34734052 PMCID: PMC8546813 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i29.8740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. It disrupts the patient’s life and work, increases the risk of various health issues, and often requires long-term intervention. The financial burden and inconvenience of treatments discourage patients from complying with them, leading to chronic insomnia.
AIM To investigate the long-term home-practice effects of mindful breathing combined with a sleep-inducing exercise as adjunctive insomnia therapy.
METHODS A quasi-experimental design was used in the present work, in which the patients with insomnia were included and grouped based on hospital admission: 40 patients admitted between January and April 2020 were assigned to the control group, and 40 patients admitted between May and August 2020 were assigned to the treatment group. The control group received routine pharmacological and physical therapies, while the treatment group received instruction in mindful breathing and a sleep-inducing exercise in addition to the routine therapies. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were utilized to assess sleep-quality improvement in the patient groups before the intervention and at 1 wk, 1 mo, and 3 mo postintervention.
RESULTS The PSQI, GAD-7, and ISI scores before the intervention and at 1 wk postintervention were not significantly different between the groups. However, compared with the control group, the treatment group exhibited significant improvements in sleep quality, daytime functioning, negative emotions, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, anxiety level, and insomnia severity at 1 and 3 mo postintervention (P < 0.05). The results showed that mindful breathing combined with the sleep-inducing exercise significantly improved the long-term effectiveness of insomnia treatment. At 3 mo, the PSQI scores for the treatment vs the control group were as follows: Sleep quality 0.98 ± 0.48 vs 1.60 ± 0.63, sleep latency 1.98 ± 0.53 vs 2.80 ± 0.41, sleep duration 1.53 ± 0.60 vs 2.70 ± 0.56, sleep efficiency 2.35 ± 0.58 vs 1.63 ± 0.49, sleep disturbance 1.68 ± 0.53 vs 2.35 ± 0.53, hypnotic medication 0.53 ± 0.64 vs 0.93 ± 0.80, and daytime dysfunction 1.43 ± 0.50 vs 2.48 ± 0.51 (all P < 0.05). The GAD-7 scores were 2.75 ± 1.50 vs 7.15 ± 2.28, and the ISI scores were 8.68 ± 2.26 vs 3.38 ± 1.76 for the treatment vs the control group, respectively (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION These simple, cost-effective, and easy-to-implement practices used in clinical or home settings could have profound significance for long-term insomnia treatment and merit wide adoption in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Su
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Sun
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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At the intersection of sleep deficiency and opioid use: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Transl Res 2021; 234:58-73. [PMID: 33711513 PMCID: PMC8217216 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to the ongoing opioid epidemic, innovative scientific perspectives and approaches are urgently needed to reduce the unprecedented personal and societal burdens of nonmedical and recreational opioid use. One promising opportunity is to focus on the relationship between sleep deficiency and opioid use. In this review, we examine empirical evidence: (1) at the interface of sleep deficiency and opioid use, including hypothesized bidirectional associations between sleep efficiency and opioid abstinence; (2) as to whether normalization of sleep deficiency might directly or indirectly improve opioid abstinence (and vice versa); and (3) regarding mechanisms that could link improvements in sleep to opioid abstinence. Based on available data, we identify candidate sleep-restorative therapeutic approaches that should be examined in rigorous clinical trials.
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Datta K, Tripathi M, Verma M, Masiwal D, Mallick HN. Yoga nidra practice shows improvement in sleep in patients with chronic insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. THE NATIONAL MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDIA 2021; 34:143-150. [PMID: 34825538 DOI: 10.25259/nmji_63_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Yoga nidra is practised by sages for sleep. The practice is simple to use and has been clearly laid out, but its role in the treatment of chronic insomnia has not been well studied. Methods In this randomized parallel-design study conducted during 2012-16, we enrolled 41 patients with chronic insomnia to receive conventional intervention of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (n=20) or yoga nidra (n=21). Outcome measures were both subjective using a sleep diary and objective using polysomnography (PSG). Salivary cortisol levels were also measured. PSG was done before the intervention in all patients and repeated only in those who volunteered for the same. Results Both interventions showed an improvement in subjective total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, reduction in total wake duration and enhancement in subjective sleep quality. Objectively, both the interventions improved TST and total wake duration and increased N1% of TST. Yoga nidra showed marked improvement in N2% and N3% in TST. Salivary cortisol reduced statistically significantly after yoga nidra (p=0.041). Conclusion Improvement of N3 sleep, total wake duration and subjective sleep quality occurred following yoga nidra practice. Yoga nidra practice can be used for treatment of chronic insomnia after supervised practice sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Datta
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansi Verma
- Department of Sports Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepika Masiwal
- Department of Sports Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hruda Nanda Mallick
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Written exposure therapy and app-delivered mindfulness-based meditation for PTSD and subthreshold PTSD in China: Design of a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100729. [PMID: 34007950 PMCID: PMC8111261 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and subthreshold PTSD are still major global concerns, especially in developing areas short of mental health resources. Written exposure therapy (WET), a brief 5-session treatment, has been found to be effective in reducing PTSD symptoms, but no studies have examined it in an Eastern context. Mindfulness-based meditation mobile application may be a promising approach to reduce insomnia comorbid with PTSD. The current study aims to: 1) examine the effectiveness of WET for Chinese PTSD and subthreshold PTSD patients, and 2) examine the effectiveness of adding a mindfulness-based application (MBA) to WET for reducing comorbid insomnia. Methods The randomized controlled trial will enroll 150 adults with subthreshold/full PTSD and comorbid insomnia. Participants will be randomly assigned to written exposure therapy plus mindfulness-based application condition (WET + MBA, n = 50), written exposure therapy alone (WET, n = 50), or minimal contact control (MMC, n = 50). Clinical interview of the primary outcome (PTSD symptoms) will be administrated at baseline, posttreatment, 3- and 6- month follow-up, while self-reported PTSD symptoms and secondary outcomes (insomnia severity) will be administrated at baseline, every week and all follow-ups. Discussion This is the first study applying WET in Chinese PTSD patients, as well as examining a mindfulness-based mobile application as a treatment add-on for comorbid insomnia. Study findings will contribute to the knowledge of the effectiveness of WET and a mindfulness-based mobile application, and the development of a culture-adapted treatment protocol. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000034119. Registered 24 June 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=55,467.
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Key Words
- BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory
- BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II
- CAPS5, Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5
- CBT-i, cognitive behavioral therapy-insomnia
- CERQ, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
- CPT, cognitive processing therapy
- Chinese
- CiOQ-S, Short Form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire
- DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5
- GHS, General Happiness Scale
- GQ-5, Gratitude Questionnaire-5
- HFS, Heartland Forgiveness Scale
- HPA-axis, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
- ISI, Insomnia Severity Index
- MBA, mindfulness-based application
- MCC, minimal contact control
- MHApp, mental health application
- MLMs, Multilevel models
- MLQ, Meaning in Life Questionnaire
- MM, mindfulness-based meditation
- Mindfulness
- PCL-5, PTSD CheckList-DSM5
- PE, prolonged exposure
- PSSI-5, PTSD
- PTCI, Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory
- PTG, posttraumatic growth
- PTGI, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory
- PTSD
- PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder
- RCT, randomized controlled trial
- SUDs, Subjective Units of Distress Scale
- Symptom Scale, Interview Version for DSM-5
- WET, written exposure therapy
- WET + MBA, written exposure therapy plus mindfulness-based App
- Written exposure therapy
- app, application
- mHealth
- sIgA, secretory Immunoglobulin A
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Chi J, Cao W, Gu Y. Recent Progress in Sleep Quality Monitoring and Non-drug Sleep Improvement. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:21. [PMID: 32317946 PMCID: PMC7154141 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is one of the most common health risk factors in the population as well as in clinical practice, which is associated with genes, neuron, environment, behavior, and physiology, etc. This review summarizes the recent progress in sleep quality monitoring and non-drug sleep improvement. The innovation of wearable and effective invention suggests a new approach and have deep implications toward sleep improvement and yet, the health care innovation system is also facing the challenge to foster the progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chi
- Shenzhen Qianhai Icecold IT Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Shenzhen Qianhai Icecold IT Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Evans-Chase M, Kornmann R, Litts C, Pantesco E. #freemind: Young Women Using Mindfulness Meditation to Cope with Life in a Juvenile Justice Institution. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2019; 12:377-385. [PMID: 32318207 PMCID: PMC7163840 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-018-0245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to introduce mindfulness meditation, a recommended adjunctive treatment for trauma in juvenile justice-involved youth, to incarcerated young women and collect narrative commentary about their experiences to answer the following research questions: What is the experience of incarcerated young women who participate in Internet-based mindfulness meditation classes? How do incarcerated young women apply mindfulness meditation to life in a juvenile justice facility? Participants attended bi-weekly guided meditation sessions and wrote about their experiences after each session in a journal. Three coders used open-coding content analysis to identify topics and themes across 38 journal entries. The primary theme, found in 61% of entries, described the difficulties of living in a juvenile justice facility, providing context for the descriptions found in 58% of entries regarding the usefulness of mindfulness meditation to cope with those difficulties. This study highlights the challenges of living in a correctional institution as a young woman and the barriers such settings pose to the wellbeing and healthy development of their residents. It also points to mindfulness meditation as an operative method of supporting these highly traumatized young women until that time when alternatives to incarceration can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Evans-Chase
- School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, 3815 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Rachel Kornmann
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Christine Litts
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ USA
| | - Elizabeth Pantesco
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Villanova University, Villanova, PA USA
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Curado D, Barros V, Opaleye E, Bowen S, Hachul H, Noto AR. The Role of Mindfulness in the Insomnia Severity of Female Chronic Hypnotic Users. Int J Behav Med 2018; 25:526-531. [PMID: 29728990 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-018-9724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate dispositional mindfulness, psychiatric symptoms, and their relationship with insomnia severity among female chronic hypnotic users. METHODS Observational, cross-sectional study, including 76 women with chronic hypnotic use. Participants completed several self-report questionnaires: sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms (CES-D), anxiety levels (STAI-T), dispositional mindfulness (FFMQ), and insomnia severity (ISI). Exploratory linear regression models were used to identify factors related to insomnia severity. RESULTS Multiple linear regression models showed that, for the total sample (N = 76), age (B = - 0.14, p = 0.003), depressive symptoms (B = 0.16, p = 0.005), and the mindfulness facets "observe" (B = 0.21. p = 0.013) and "act with awareness-auto pilot" (B = - 0.48, p = 0.017) were correlated to insomnia severity. CONCLUSION Results confirm a relationship between mindfulness and insomnia among female chronic hypnotic users, specifically regarding the ability to observe and act with awareness. A higher score on the "observe" facet was positively correlated with insomnia. This may be because the skill of observing itself, isolated from other mindfulness precepts, does not provide sufficient strategies to cope with the observed discomfort. Increased "acting with awareness-autopilot" was negatively correlated with insomnia severity, arguably because it stimulates breaking automatic patterns of thoughts and behaviors that contribute to the perpetuation of the insomnia cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Curado
- Nepsis - Research Center on Health and Substance Use - MBRP Brasil - Brazilian Center for Research and Training in Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 1° andar Ed. Ciências Biomédicas, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
| | - Viviam Barros
- Nepsis - Research Center on Health and Substance Use - MBRP Brasil - Brazilian Center for Research and Training in Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 1° andar Ed. Ciências Biomédicas, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Emérita Opaleye
- Nepsis - Research Center on Health and Substance Use - MBRP Brasil - Brazilian Center for Research and Training in Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 1° andar Ed. Ciências Biomédicas, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Sarah Bowen
- Psychology Department, Pacific University, School of Health Professions, 190 SE 8th Ave., Hillsboro, OR, 97123, USA
| | - Helena Hachul
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 925 Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, R. Napoleão de Barros, 608 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.,Department of Gynecology, Casa de Saúde Santa Marcelina, Rua Santa Marcelina, 91 - Itaquera, São Paulo, SP, 08270-070, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Noto
- Nepsis - Research Center on Health and Substance Use - MBRP Brasil - Brazilian Center for Research and Training in Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862, 1° andar Ed. Ciências Biomédicas, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
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Esmaeili A, Khodadadi M, Norozi E, Miri MR. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive group therapy on cognitive emotion regulation of patients under treatment with methadone. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2017.1348553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Esmaeili
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Ensiyeh Norozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Miri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Jerath R, Beveridge C, Barnes VA. Self-Regulation of Breathing as an Adjunctive Treatment of Insomnia. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:780. [PMID: 30761030 PMCID: PMC6361823 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a quiescent behavioral state during which complex homeostatic functions essential to health and well-being occur. Insomnia is a very common psychiatric disorder leading to a myriad of detrimental effects including loss of concentration, memory, and performance as well as disease. Current pharmaceutical treatments can be expensive, impairing, unhealthy, and habit-forming. Relaxation techniques, such as meditation target the brain and body in contrast to pharmaceutical interventions which solely target neurotransmitter systems in the brain. In this article we present a viewpoint on the treatment of insomnia that techniques of slow, deep breathing (0.1 Hz) in adjunct to sleep hygiene and relaxation therapies may be highly effective in initiating sleep as well as facilitating falling back asleep. The autonomic nervous system is integral to sleep initiation, maintenance, and disruption. Understanding the relationship between the autonomic nervous system and sleep physiology along with the nature of sleep itself remains a challenge to modern science. We present this perspective in light of a prevailing "dysevolution" theory on the pathology of insomnia that proposes hyper-arousal characterized in part by chronic sympathetic hyperactivation and/or parasympathetic hypoactivation disrupts normal sleep onset latency, sleep quality, and sleep duration. We additionally discuss physiological mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of the breathing treatment we describe. A better understanding of these mechanisms and autonomic pathologies of insomnia may provide support for the effectiveness of such techniques and provide relief to sufferers of this health epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Jerath
- Charitable Medical Healthcare Foundation, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Connor Beveridge
- Charitable Medical Healthcare Foundation, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Vernon A Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Datta K, Tripathi M, Mallick HN. Yoga Nidra: An innovative approach for management of chronic insomnia- A case report. SLEEP SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41606-017-0009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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