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Bücker M, Hoti K, Rose O. Artificial intelligence to assist decision-making on pharmacotherapy: A feasibility study. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN CLINICAL AND SOCIAL PHARMACY 2024; 15:100491. [PMID: 39252877 PMCID: PMC11381493 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has the capability to analyze vast amounts of data and has been applied in various healthcare sectors. However, its effectiveness in aiding pharmacotherapy decision-making remains uncertain due to the intricate, patient-specific, and dynamic nature of this field. Objective This study sought to investigate the potential of AI in guiding pharmacotherapy decisions using clinical data such as diagnoses, laboratory results, and vital signs obtained from routine patient care. Methods Data of a previous study on medication therapy optimization was updated and adapted for the purpose of this study. Analysis was conducted using R software along with the tidymodels extension packages. The dataset was split into 74% for training and 26% for testing. Decision trees were selected as the primary model due to their simplicity, transparency, and interpretability. To prevent overfitting, bootstrapping techniques were employed, and hyperparameters were fine-tuned. Performance metrics such as areas under the curve and accuracies were computed. Results The study cohort comprised 101 elderly patients with multiple diagnoses and complex medication regimens. The AI model demonstrated prediction accuracies ranging from 38% to 100% for various cardiovascular drug classes. Laboratory data and vital signs could not be interpreted, as the effect and dependence were unclear for the model. The study revealed that the issue of AI lag time in responding to sudden changes could be addressed by manually adjusting decision trees, a task not feasible with neural networks. Conclusion In conclusion, the AI model exhibited promise in recommending appropriate medications for individual patients. While the study identified several obstacles during model development, most were successfully resolved. Future AI studies need to include the drug effect, not only the drug, if laboratory data is part of the decision. This could assist with interpreting their potential relationship. Human oversight and intervention remain essential for an AI-driven pharmacotherapy decision support system to ensure safe and effective patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bücker
- Münster School of Business -FH Münster - University of Applied Sciences, Münster, Germany
| | - Kreshnik Hoti
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Pristina, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Olaf Rose
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Stoimenova P, Mandadzhieva S, Marinov B. Clinical applications of forced oscillation technique (FOT) for diagnosis and management of obstructive lung diseases in children. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2024; 66:453-460. [PMID: 39257264 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.66.e135040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obstructive lung diseases such as bronchial asthma, COPD, and cystic fibrosis are a burden on many patients across the globe. Spirometry is considered the gold standard for diagnosing airflow obstruction, but it can be difficult for pediatric patients to do and requires a lot of effort. As a result, healthcare providers need new, effortless methods to diagnose airway obstructions, particularly in young children and individuals unable to perform the spirometry maneuver. The forced oscillation technique is a modern method requiring only tidal breathing combined with the application of external, source of low-amplitude oscillations to evaluate the respiratory system's response. It might be essential for identifying early respiratory changes caused by smoking, childhood asthma, and may prove more sensitive than spirometry in identifying peripheral airway disturbances or evaluating the long-term success of therapy. This review describes the methodology and the indications for the forced oscillation technique and outlines its relevance in clinical practice.
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Akduman S, Yilmaz K. Examining the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and COPD outpatient support in terms of patient health and public cost: SWOT analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38998. [PMID: 39029048 PMCID: PMC11398804 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to examine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outpatient treatment support in terms of patient health and public costs. The data obtained in the research using semiotic analysis, content analysis and trend analysis methods were analyzed with strengths, weakness, opportunities, threats (SWOT) analysis. In this context, 18 studies related to asthma, COPD and artificial intelligence were evaluated. The strengths of artificial intelligence applications in asthma and COPD outpatient treatment stand out as early diagnosis, access to more patients and reduced costs. The points that stand out among the weaknesses are the acceptance and use of technology and vulnerabilities related to artificial intelligence. Opportunities arise in developing differential diagnoses of asthma and COPD and in examining prognoses for the diseases more effectively. Malicious use, commercial data leaks and data security issues stand out among the threats. Although artificial intelligence applications provide great convenience in the outpatient treatment process for asthma and COPD diseases, precautions must be taken on a global scale and with the participation of international organizations against weaknesses and threats. In addition, there is an urgent need for accreditation for the practices to be carried out in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seha Akduman
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Yeditepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kadir Yilmaz
- Istanbul Commerce University, Social Sciences Institute, Industrial Policies and Technology Management Program (DR), Istanbul, Türkiye
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Zou X, Ren Y, Yang H, Zou M, Meng P, Zhang L, Gong M, Ding W, Han L, Zhang T. Screening and staging of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with deep learning based on chest X-ray images and clinical parameters. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:153. [PMID: 38532368 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is underdiagnosed with the current gold standard measure pulmonary function test (PFT). A more sensitive and simple option for early detection and severity evaluation of COPD could benefit practitioners and patients. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective study, frontal chest X-ray (CXR) images and related clinical information of 1055 participants were collected and processed. Different deep learning algorithms and transfer learning models were trained to classify COPD based on clinical data and CXR images from 666 subjects, and validated in internal test set based on 284 participants. External test including 105 participants was also performed to verify the generalization ability of the learning algorithms in diagnosing COPD. Meanwhile, the model was further used to evaluate disease severity of COPD by predicting different grads. RESULTS The Ensemble model showed an AUC of 0.969 in distinguishing COPD by simultaneously extracting fusion features of clinical parameters and CXR images in internal test, better than models that used clinical parameters (AUC = 0.963) or images (AUC = 0.946) only. For the external test set, the AUC slightly declined to 0.934 in predicting COPD based on clinical parameters and CXR images. When applying the Ensemble model to determine disease severity of COPD, the AUC reached 0.894 for three-classification and 0.852 for five-classification respectively. CONCLUSION The present study used DL algorithms to screen COPD and predict disease severity based on CXR imaging and clinical parameters. The models showed good performance and the approach might be an effective case-finding tool with low radiation dose for COPD diagnosis and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLing Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Scientific research project department, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy Laboratory (Guangzhou), Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China
- Shensi lab, Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, UESTC, Shenzhen, China
| | - HaiLing Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - ManMan Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Six Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - LiYi Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - MingJuan Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Huazhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huazhou, China
| | - WenWen Ding
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - LanQing Han
- Center for artificial intelligence in medicine, Research Institute of Tsinghua, Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou, China.
| | - TianTuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Sabry AH, I. Dallal Bashi O, Nik Ali N, Mahmood Al Kubaisi Y. Lung disease recognition methods using audio-based analysis with machine learning. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26218. [PMID: 38420389 PMCID: PMC10900411 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of computer-based automated approaches and improvements in lung sound recording techniques have made lung sound-based diagnostics even better and devoid of subjectivity errors. Using a computer to evaluate lung sound features more thoroughly with the use of analyzing changes in lung sound behavior, recording measurements, suppressing the presence of noise contaminations, and graphical representations are all made possible by computer-based lung sound analysis. This paper starts with a discussion of the need for this research area, providing an overview of the field and the motivations behind it. Following that, it details the survey methodology used in this work. It presents a discussion on the elements of sound-based lung disease classification using machine learning algorithms. This includes commonly prior considered datasets, feature extraction techniques, pre-processing methods, artifact removal methods, lung-heart sound separation, deep learning algorithms, and wavelet transform of lung audio signals. The study introduces studies that review lung screening including a summary table of these references and discusses the literature gaps in the existing studies. It is concluded that the use of sound-based machine learning in the classification of respiratory diseases has promising results. While we believe this material will prove valuable to physicians and researchers exploring sound-signal-based machine learning, large-scale investigations remain essential to solidify the findings and foster wider adoption within the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad H. Sabry
- Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering Techniques, Shatt Al-Arab University College, Basra, Iraq
| | - Omar I. Dallal Bashi
- Medical Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, 95G2+P34, Mosul, 41002, Iraq
| | - N.H. Nik Ali
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yasir Mahmood Al Kubaisi
- Department of Sustainability Management, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, 4545, United Arab Emirates
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Barwise AK, Curtis S, Diedrich DA, Pickering BW. Using artificial intelligence to promote equitable care for inpatients with language barriers and complex medical needs: clinical stakeholder perspectives. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:611-621. [PMID: 38099504 PMCID: PMC10873784 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inpatients with language barriers and complex medical needs suffer disparities in quality of care, safety, and health outcomes. Although in-person interpreters are particularly beneficial for these patients, they are underused. We plan to use machine learning predictive analytics to reliably identify patients with language barriers and complex medical needs to prioritize them for in-person interpreters. MATERIALS AND METHODS This qualitative study used stakeholder engagement through semi-structured interviews to understand the perceived risks and benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) in this domain. Stakeholders included clinicians, interpreters, and personnel involved in caring for these patients or for organizing interpreters. Data were coded and analyzed using NVIVO software. RESULTS We completed 49 interviews. Key perceived risks included concerns about transparency, accuracy, redundancy, privacy, perceived stigmatization among patients, alert fatigue, and supply-demand issues. Key perceived benefits included increased awareness of in-person interpreters, improved standard of care and prioritization for interpreter utilization; a streamlined process for accessing interpreters, empowered clinicians, and potential to overcome clinician bias. DISCUSSION This is the first study that elicits stakeholder perspectives on the use of AI with the goal of improved clinical care for patients with language barriers. Perceived benefits and risks related to the use of AI in this domain, overlapped with known hazards and values of AI but some benefits were unique for addressing challenges with providing interpreter services to patients with language barriers. CONCLUSION Artificial intelligence to identify and prioritize patients for interpreter services has the potential to improve standard of care and address healthcare disparities among patients with language barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Barwise
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
| | - Susan Curtis
- Biomedical Ethics Research Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
| | - Daniel A Diedrich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
| | - Brian W Pickering
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, United States
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Maldonado-Franco A, Giraldo-Cadavid LF, Tuta-Quintero E, Bastidas Goyes AR, Botero-Rosas DA. The Challenges of Spirometric Diagnosis of COPD. Can Respir J 2023; 2023:6991493. [PMID: 37808623 PMCID: PMC10558269 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6991493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the top causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although for many years its accurate diagnosis has been a focus of intense research, it is still challenging. Due to its simplicity, portability, and low cost, spirometry has been established as the main tool to detect this condition, but its flawed performance makes it an imperfect COPD diagnosis gold standard. This review aims to provide an up-to-date literature overview of recent studies regarding COPD diagnosis; we seek to identify their limitations and establish perspectives for spirometric diagnosis of COPD in the XXI century by combining deep clinical knowledge of the disease with advanced computer analysis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis F. Giraldo-Cadavid
- Departments of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
- Director of Interventional Pulmonology Service, Fundación Neumológica Colombiana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eduardo Tuta-Quintero
- Candidate for Master's Degree in Epidemiology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
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Sfayyih AH, Sulaiman N, Sabry AH. A review on lung disease recognition by acoustic signal analysis with deep learning networks. JOURNAL OF BIG DATA 2023; 10:101. [PMID: 37333945 PMCID: PMC10259357 DOI: 10.1186/s40537-023-00762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently, assistive explanations for difficulties in the health check area have been made viable thanks in considerable portion to technologies like deep learning and machine learning. Using auditory analysis and medical imaging, they also increase the predictive accuracy for prompt and early disease detection. Medical professionals are thankful for such technological support since it helps them manage further patients because of the shortage of skilled human resources. In addition to serious illnesses like lung cancer and respiratory diseases, the plurality of breathing difficulties is gradually rising and endangering society. Because early prediction and immediate treatment are crucial for respiratory disorders, chest X-rays and respiratory sound audio are proving to be quite helpful together. Compared to related review studies on lung disease classification/detection using deep learning algorithms, only two review studies based on signal analysis for lung disease diagnosis have been conducted in 2011 and 2018. This work provides a review of lung disease recognition with acoustic signal analysis with deep learning networks. We anticipate that physicians and researchers working with sound-signal-based machine learning will find this material beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Hamel Sfayyih
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Nasri Sulaiman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad H. Sabry
- Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Al Jadriyah Bridge, 64074 Baghdad, Iraq
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9
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Siebert JN, Hartley MA, Courvoisier DS, Salamin M, Robotham L, Doenz J, Barazzone-Argiroffo C, Gervaix A, Bridevaux PO. Deep learning diagnostic and severity-stratification for interstitial lung diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in digital lung auscultations and ultrasonography: clinical protocol for an observational case-control study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:191. [PMID: 37264374 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung diseases (ILD), such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are severe, progressive pulmonary disorders with a poor prognosis. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is important to enable patients to receive appropriate care at the earliest possible stage to delay disease progression and prolong survival. Artificial intelligence-assisted lung auscultation and ultrasound (LUS) could constitute an alternative to conventional, subjective, operator-related methods for the accurate and earlier diagnosis of these diseases. This protocol describes the standardised collection of digitally-acquired lung sounds and LUS images of adult outpatients with IPF, NSIP or COPD and a deep learning diagnostic and severity-stratification approach. METHODS A total of 120 consecutive patients (≥ 18 years) meeting international criteria for IPF, NSIP or COPD and 40 age-matched controls will be recruited in a Swiss pulmonology outpatient clinic, starting from August 2022. At inclusion, demographic and clinical data will be collected. Lung auscultation will be recorded with a digital stethoscope at 10 thoracic sites in each patient and LUS images using a standard point-of-care device will be acquired at the same sites. A deep learning algorithm (DeepBreath) using convolutional neural networks, long short-term memory models, and transformer architectures will be trained on these audio recordings and LUS images to derive an automated diagnostic tool. The primary outcome is the diagnosis of ILD versus control subjects or COPD. Secondary outcomes are the clinical, functional and radiological characteristics of IPF, NSIP and COPD diagnosis. Quality of life will be measured with dedicated questionnaires. Based on previous work to distinguish normal and pathological lung sounds, we estimate to achieve convergence with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of > 80% using 40 patients in each category, yielding a sample size calculation of 80 ILD (40 IPF, 40 NSIP), 40 COPD, and 40 controls. DISCUSSION This approach has a broad potential to better guide care management by exploring the synergistic value of several point-of-care-tests for the automated detection and differential diagnosis of ILD and COPD and to estimate severity. Trial registration Registration: August 8, 2022. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT05318599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan N Siebert
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 47 Avenue de la Roseraie, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Mary-Anne Hartley
- Machine Learning and Optimization (MLO) Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Delphine S Courvoisier
- Quality of Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marlène Salamin
- Division of Pulmonology, Hospital of Valais, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Laura Robotham
- Division of Pulmonology, Hospital of Valais, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Doenz
- Machine Learning and Optimization (MLO) Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Gervaix
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 47 Avenue de la Roseraie, 1211, Geneva 14, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sfayyih AH, Sabry AH, Jameel SM, Sulaiman N, Raafat SM, Humaidi AJ, Kubaiaisi YMA. Acoustic-Based Deep Learning Architectures for Lung Disease Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Overview. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101748. [PMID: 37238233 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung auscultation has long been used as a valuable medical tool to assess respiratory health and has gotten a lot of attention in recent years, notably following the coronavirus epidemic. Lung auscultation is used to assess a patient's respiratory role. Modern technological progress has guided the growth of computer-based respiratory speech investigation, a valuable tool for detecting lung abnormalities and diseases. Several recent studies have reviewed this important area, but none are specific to lung sound-based analysis with deep-learning architectures from one side and the provided information was not sufficient for a good understanding of these techniques. This paper gives a complete review of prior deep-learning-based architecture lung sound analysis. Deep-learning-based respiratory sound analysis articles are found in different databases including the Plos, ACM Digital Libraries, Elsevier, PubMed, MDPI, Springer, and IEEE. More than 160 publications were extracted and submitted for assessment. This paper discusses different trends in pathology/lung sound, the common features for classifying lung sounds, several considered datasets, classification methods, signal processing techniques, and some statistical information based on previous study findings. Finally, the assessment concludes with a discussion of potential future improvements and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Hamel Sfayyih
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad H Sabry
- Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Nahrain University Al Jadriyah Bridge, Baghdad 64074, Iraq
| | | | - Nasri Sulaiman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Safanah Mudheher Raafat
- Department of Control and Systems Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad 10011, Iraq
| | - Amjad J Humaidi
- Department of Control and Systems Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad 10011, Iraq
| | - Yasir Mahmood Al Kubaiaisi
- Department of Sustainability Management, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai 4545, United Arab Emirates
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Tekerek A, Al-Rawe IAM. A Novel Approach for Prediction of Lung Disease Using Chest X-ray Images Based on DenseNet and MobileNet. WIRELESS PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37360137 PMCID: PMC10177707 DOI: 10.1007/s11277-023-10489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Covid19 corona virus has caused widespread disruption across the world, in terms of the health, economy, and society problems. X-ray images of the chest can be helpful in making an accurate diagnosis because the corona virus typically first manifests its symptoms in patients' lungs. In this study, a classification method based on deep learning is proposed as a means of identifying lung disease from chest X-ray images. In the proposed study, the detection of covid19 corona virus disease from chest X-ray images was made with MobileNet and Densenet models, which are deep learning methods. Several different use cases can be built with the help of MobileNet model and case modelling approach is utilized to achieve 96% accuracy and an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 94%. According to the result, the proposed method may be able to more accurately identify the signs of an impurity from dataset of chest X-ray images. This research also compares various performance parameters such as precision, recall and F1-Score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Tekerek
- Department of Computer Engineering, Technology Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Sharma S, Shrivastava S, Kausley SB, Rai B, Pandit AB. Coronavirus: a comparative analysis of detection technologies in the wake of emerging variants. Infection 2023; 51:1-19. [PMID: 35471631 PMCID: PMC9038995 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-022-01819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of the coronavirus disease caused by a novel pathogen created havoc and continues to affect the entire world. As the pandemic progressed, the scientific community was faced by the limitations of existing diagnostic methods. In this review, we have compared the existing diagnostic techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), antigen and antibody detection, computed tomography scan, etc. and techniques in the research phase like microarray, artificial intelligence, and detection using novel materials; on the prospect of sample preparation, detection procedure (qualitative/quantitative), detection time, screening efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and ability to detect different variants. A detailed comparison of different techniques showed that RT-PCR is still the most widely used and accepted coronavirus detection method despite certain limitations (single gene targeting- in context to mutations). New methods with similar efficiency that could overcome the limitations of RT-PCR may increase the speed, simplicity, and affordability of diagnosis. In addition to existing devices, we have also discussed diagnostic devices in the research phase showing high potential for clinical use. Our approach would be of enormous benefit in selecting a diagnostic device under a given scenario, which would ultimately help in controlling the current pandemic caused by the coronavirus, which is still far from over with new variants emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Sharma
- Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, 302004, India
| | - Surabhi Shrivastava
- Physical Sciences Research Area, TCS Research, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, 411013, India
| | - Shankar B Kausley
- Physical Sciences Research Area, TCS Research, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, 411013, India.
| | - Beena Rai
- Physical Sciences Research Area, TCS Research, Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Pune, 411013, India
| | - Aniruddha B Pandit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
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Zhou B, Rao X, Xing H, Ma Y, Wang F, Rong L. A convolutional neural network-based system for detecting early gastric cancer in white-light endoscopy. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:157-162. [PMID: 36000979 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2113427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White-light endoscopy (WLE) is a main and standard modality for detection of early gastric cancer (EGC). The detection rate of EGC is not satisfactory so far. In this single-center retrospective study we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based system to automatically detect EGC in WLE images. METHODS An EGC detecting system was constructed based on the CNN architecture EfficientDet. We trained our system with a data set including 4527 images from 130 cases (cancerous images, 1737; noncancerous images, 2790). Then we tested its performance with a data set including 1243 images from 64 cases (cancerous images, 445; noncancerous images, 798). RESULTS For case-based analysis, our system successfully detected EGC in 63 of 64 cases and the sensitivity was 98.4%. For image-based analysis, the accuracy was 88.3%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 84.5%, 90.5%, 83.2% and 91.3%, respectively. The most common cause for false positives was gastritis (57.9%). The most common cause for false negatives was that the lesion was too small with a diameter of 10 mm or less (44.9%). CONCLUSION Our CNN-based EGC detecting system was able to achieve satisfactory sensitivity for detecting EGC in WLE images and shows great potential in assisting endoscopists with the detection of EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Rao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqiang Xing
- Thunder Software Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchen Ma
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Rong
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Mahdavi MMB, Arabfard M, Rafati M, Ghanei M. A Computer-based Analysis for Identification and Quantification of Small Airway Disease in Lung Computed Tomography Images: A Comprehensive Review for Radiologists. J Thorac Imaging 2023; 38:W1-W18. [PMID: 36206107 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) imaging is being increasingly used in clinical practice for detailed characterization of lung diseases. Respiratory diseases involve various components of the lung, including the small airways. Evaluation of small airway disease on CT images is challenging as the airways cannot be visualized directly by a CT scanner. Small airway disease can manifest as pulmonary air trapping (AT). Although AT may be sometimes seen as mosaic attenuation on expiratory CT images, it is difficult to identify diffuse AT visually. Computer technology advances over the past decades have provided methods for objective quantification of small airway disease on CT images. Quantitative CT (QCT) methods are being rapidly developed to quantify underlying lung diseases with greater precision than subjective visual assessment of CT images. A growing body of evidence suggests that QCT methods can be practical tools in the clinical setting to identify and quantify abnormal regions of the lung accurately and reproducibly. This review aimed to describe the available methods for the identification and quantification of small airway disease on CT images and to discuss the challenges of implementing QCT metrics in clinical care for patients with small airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Baradaran Mahdavi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Masoud Arabfard
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Mehravar Rafati
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of paramedicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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Du J, Huang M, Liu L. AI-Aided Disease Prediction in Visualized Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1199:107-126. [PMID: 37460729 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9902-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing a vitally important role in promoting the revolution of future technology. Healthcare is one of the promising applications in AI, which covers medical imaging, diagnosis, robotics, disease prediction, pharmacy, health management, and hospital management. Numbers of achievements that made in these fields overturn every aspect in traditional healthcare system. Therefore, to understand the state-of-art AI in healthcare, as well as the chances and obstacles in its development, the applications of AI in disease detection and outlook and the future trends of AI-aided disease prediction were discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Mengen Huang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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An Improved Endoscopic Automatic Classification Model for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Using Deep Learning Integrated Machine Learning. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112827. [PMID: 36428887 PMCID: PMC9689126 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive tract disease, and most physicians use the Los Angeles classification and diagnose the severity of the disease to provide appropriate treatment. With the advancement of artificial intelligence, deep learning models have been used successfully to help physicians with clinical diagnosis. This study combines deep learning and machine learning techniques and proposes a two-stage process for endoscopic classification in GERD, including transfer learning techniques applied to the target dataset to extract more precise image features and machine learning algorithms to build the best classification model. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the GerdNet-RF model proposed in this work is better than that of previous studies. Test accuracy can be improved from 78.8% ± 8.5% to 92.5% ± 2.1%. By enhancing the automated diagnostic capabilities of AI models, patient health care will be more assured.
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Zhou J, Wang P, Guo L, Cao J, Zhou M, Dai R. Automated interpretation of the pulmonary function test by a portable spirometer in Chinese adults. THE CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2022; 16:555-561. [PMID: 35869604 PMCID: PMC9376142 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A portable spirometer is a promising alternative to a traditional pulmonary function test (PFT) spirometer for respiratory function evaluation. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of automated interpretation of the PFT measured by a portable Yue Cloud spirometer in Chinese adults. Methods The PFT was performed to evaluate subjects prospectively enrolled at Ruijin Hospital (n = 220). A Yue Cloud spirometer and a conventional Jaeger MasterScreen device were applied to each patient with a 20‐min quiescent period between each measurement. Pulmonary function parameters, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal expiratory flow at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the FVC (MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75, respectively), and maximal mid‐expiratory flow (MMEF), were compared by correlation analyses and Bland–Altman methods. The Yue Cloud spirometer automatically interpreted the PFT results, and a conventional strategy was performed to interpret the PFT results obtained by the Jaeger machine. Concordance of the categorization of pulmonary dysfunction, small airway dysfunction, and severity was analyzed by the kappa (κ) statistic. Results Significantly similar correlations of all variables measured with the two spirometers were observed (all p < 0.001). No significant bias was observed in any of the measured spirometer variables. A satisfactory concordance of pulmonary function and severity classification was observed between the automated interpretation results obtained with the Yue Cloud spirometer vs. a conventional spirometer interpretation strategy (all κ > 0.80). Conclusion The portable Yue Cloud spirometer not only yields reliable measurements of pulmonary function but also can automatically interpret the PFT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leixin Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ranran Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Where Is the Artificial Intelligence Applied in Dentistry? Systematic Review and Literature Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071269. [PMID: 35885796 PMCID: PMC9320442 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This literature research had two main objectives. The first objective was to quantify how frequently artificial intelligence (AI) was utilized in dental literature from 2011 until 2021. The second objective was to distinguish the focus of such publications; in particular, dental field and topic. The main inclusion criterium was an original article or review in English focused on dental utilization of AI. All other types of publications or non-dental or non-AI-focused were excluded. The information sources were Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, queried on 19 April 2022. The search string was “artificial intelligence” AND (dental OR dentistry OR tooth OR teeth OR dentofacial OR maxillofacial OR orofacial OR orthodontics OR endodontics OR periodontics OR prosthodontics). Following the removal of duplicates, all remaining publications were returned by searches and were screened by three independent operators to minimize the risk of bias. The analysis of 2011–2021 publications identified 4413 records, from which 1497 were finally selected and calculated according to the year of publication. The results confirmed a historically unprecedented boom in AI dental publications, with an average increase of 21.6% per year over the last decade and a 34.9% increase per year over the last 5 years. In the achievement of the second objective, qualitative assessment of dental AI publications since 2021 identified 1717 records, with 497 papers finally selected. The results of this assessment indicated the relative proportions of focal topics, as follows: radiology 26.36%, orthodontics 18.31%, general scope 17.10%, restorative 12.09%, surgery 11.87% and education 5.63%. The review confirms that the current use of artificial intelligence in dentistry is concentrated mainly around the evaluation of digital diagnostic methods, especially radiology; however, its implementation is expected to gradually penetrate all parts of the profession.
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Ijaz A, Nabeel M, Masood U, Mahmood T, Hashmi MS, Posokhova I, Rizwan A, Imran A. Towards using cough for respiratory disease diagnosis by leveraging Artificial Intelligence: A survey. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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20
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Thalanjeri P, Balakrishnan G, Vaswani V. Emerging ethical dilemmas in the use of intelligent computer programs in decision-making in health care: an exploratory study. MGM JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mgmj.mgmj_34_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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AIM in Respiratory Disorders. Artif Intell Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64573-1_178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Haider NS, Behera A. Computerized lung sound based classification of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Biocybern Biomed Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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23
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Nikolaizik W, Wuensch L, Bauck M, Gross V, Sohrabi K, Weissflog A, Hildebrandt O, Koehler U, Weber S. Pilot study on nocturnal monitoring of crackles in children with pneumonia. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00284-2021. [PMID: 34853781 PMCID: PMC8628192 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00284-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical diagnosis of pneumonia is usually based on crackles at auscultation, but it is not yet clear what kind of crackles are the characteristic features of pneumonia in children. Lung sound monitoring can be used as a "longtime stethoscope". Therefore, it was the aim of this pilot study to use a lung sound monitor system to detect crackles and to differentiate between fine and coarse crackles in children with acute pneumonia. The change of crackles during the course of the disease shall be investigated in a follow-up study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Crackles were recorded overnight from 22:00 to 06:00 h in 30 children with radiographically confirmed pneumonia. The data for a total of 28 800 recorded 30-s epochs were audiovisually analysed for fine and coarse crackles. RESULTS Fine crackles and coarse crackles were recognised in every patient with pneumonia, but the number of epochs with and without crackles varied widely among the different patients: fine crackles were detected in 40±22% (mean±sd), coarse crackles in 76±20%. The predominant localisation of crackles as recorded during overnight monitoring was in accordance with the radiographic infiltrates and the classical auscultation in most patients. The distribution of crackles was fairly equal throughout the night. However, there were time periods without any crackle in the single patients so that the diagnosis of pneumonia might be missed at sporadic auscultation. CONCLUSION Nocturnal monitoring can be beneficial to reliably detect fine and coarse crackles in children with pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Nikolaizik
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Wuensch
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Monika Bauck
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Gross
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Keywan Sohrabi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Hildebrandt
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Koehler
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Dept of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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Yevtushenko P, Goubergrits L, Gundelwein L, Setio A, Ramm H, Lamecker H, Heimann T, Meyer A, Kuehne T, Schafstedde M. Deep Learning Based Centerline-Aggregated Aortic Hemodynamics: An Efficient Alternative to Numerical Modelling of Hemodynamics. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 26:1815-1825. [PMID: 34591773 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2021.3116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Image-based patient-specific modelling of hemodynamics are gaining increased popularity as a diagnosis and outcome prediction solution for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. While their potential to improve diagnostic capabilities and thereby clinical outcome is widely recognized, these methods require considerable computational resources since they are mostly based on conventional numerical methods such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD). As an alternative to the numerical methods, we propose a machine learning (ML) based approach to calculate patient-specific hemodynamic parameters. Compared to CFD based methods, our approach holds the benefit of being able to calculate a patient-specific hemodynamic outcome instantly with little need for computational power. In this proof-of-concept study, we present a deep artificial neural network (ANN) capable of computing hemodynamics for patients with aortic coarctation in a centerline aggregated (i.e. locally averaged) form. Considering the complex relation between vessels shape and hemodynamics on the one hand and the limited availability of suitable clinical data on the other, a sufficient accuracy of the ANN may however not be achieved with available data only. Another key aspect of this study is therefore the successful augmentation of available clinical data. Using a statistical shape model, additional training data was generated which substantially increased the ANNs accuracy, showcasing the ability of ML based methods to perform in-silico modelling tasks previously requiring resource intensive CFD simulations.
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25
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Yuan Y, Zhao Z, Xue L, Wang G, Song H, Pang R, Zhou J, Luo J, Song Y, Yin Y. Identification of diagnostic markers and lipid dysregulation in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma through lipidomic analysis and machine learning. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:351-357. [PMID: 33953345 PMCID: PMC8329198 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer (EC) ranks high in both morbidity and mortality. A non-invasive and high-sensitivity diagnostic approach is necessary to improve the prognosis of EC patients. METHODS A total of 525 serum samples were subjected to lipidomic analysis. We combined serum lipidomics and machine-learning algorithms to select important metabolite features for the detection of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the major subtype of EC in developing countries. A diagnostic model using a panel of selected features was developed and evaluated. Integrative analyses of tissue transcriptome and serum lipidome were conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of lipid dysregulation. RESULTS Our optimised diagnostic model with a panel of 12 lipid biomarkers together with age and gender reaches a sensitivity of 90.7%, 91.3% and 90.7% and an area under receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.958, 0.966 and 0.818 in detecting ESCC for the training cohort, validation cohort and independent validation cohort, respectively. Integrative analysis revealed matched variation trend of genes encoding key enzymes in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a panel of 12 lipid biomarkers for diagnostic modelling and potential mechanisms of lipid dysregulation in the serum of ESCC patients. This is a reliable, rapid and non-invasive tumour-diagnostic approach for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Yuan
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxi Wang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huajie Song
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifang Pang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China ,grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Juntuo Zhou
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China ,grid.440601.70000 0004 1798 0578Institute of Precision Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Yang Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li X, Guo J, Li W, Cheng L, Chen H, Kang Y. Lung parenchyma parameters measure of rats from pulmonary window computed tomography images based on ResU-Net model for medical respiratory researches. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:4193-4211. [PMID: 34198432 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our paper proposes a method to measure lung parenchyma parameters from pulmonary window computed tomography images based on ResU-Net model including the CT value, the density, the lung volume, and the surface area of the lungs of healthy rats, to help promote the quantitative analysis of lung parenchyma parameters of rats in medical respiratory researches. Through the analysis of the lung parenchyma parameters of the control group and the treatment group, the law of change among the lung parenchyma parameters is given in our paper. After comparing and analyzing the lung parenchyma parameter CT value and the density of the two groups, it is discovered that the lung parenchyma parameter CT value and the density significantly increase in the treatment group which is after continuously inhaling the nebulization of contrast agents. The change of the lung volume with the surface area in both two groups conforms to the law of lung changes during breathing. The relationship between the lung volume and the CT value or the density is analyzed and it is concluded that the lung volume is negatively correlated with the CT value or the density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Yang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yingwei Guo
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Medical Imaging and Intelligent Analysis, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110169, China
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Yan W, Shi H, He T, Chen J, Wang C, Liao A, Yang W, Wang H. Employment of Artificial Intelligence Based on Routine Laboratory Results for the Early Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608191. [PMID: 33854961 PMCID: PMC8039367 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In order to enhance the detection rate of multiple myeloma and execute an early and more precise disease management, an artificial intelligence assistant diagnosis system is developed. Methods 4,187 routine blood and biochemical examination records were collected from Shengjing Hospital affiliated to China Medical University from January 2010 to January 2020, which include 1,741 records of multiple myeloma (MM) and 2,446 records of non-myeloma (infectious diseases, rheumatic immune system diseases, hepatic diseases and renal diseases). The data set was split into training and test subsets with the ratio of 4:1 while connecting hemoglobin, serum creatinine, serum calcium, immunoglobulin (A, G and M), albumin, total protein, and the ratio of albumin to globulin data. An early assistant diagnostic model of MM was established by Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), and Random Forest (RF). Out team calculated the precision and recall of the system. The performance of the diagnostic model was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results By designing the features properly, the typical machine learning algorithms SVM, DNN, RF and GBDT all performed well. GBDT had the highest precision (92.9%), recall (90.0%) and F1 score (0.915) for the myeloma group. The maximized area under the ROC (AUROC) was calculated, and the results of GBDT (AUC: 0.975; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.963–0.986) outperformed that of SVM, DNN and RF. Conclusion The model established by artificial intelligence derived from routine laboratory results can accurately diagnose MM, which can boost the rate of early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Haematology Department of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Shi
- Haematology Department of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao He
- Neusoft Research Institute, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Neusoft Research Institute, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Neusoft Research Institute, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aijun Liao
- Haematology Department of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Haematology Department of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Haematology Department of Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Glangetas A, Hartley MA, Cantais A, Courvoisier DS, Rivollet D, Shama DM, Perez A, Spechbach H, Trombert V, Bourquin S, Jaggi M, Barazzone-Argiroffo C, Gervaix A, Siebert JN. Deep learning diagnostic and risk-stratification pattern detection for COVID-19 in digital lung auscultations: clinical protocol for a case-control and prospective cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:103. [PMID: 33761909 PMCID: PMC7988633 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung auscultation is fundamental to the clinical diagnosis of respiratory disease. However, auscultation is a subjective practice and interpretations vary widely between users. The digitization of auscultation acquisition and interpretation is a particularly promising strategy for diagnosing and monitoring infectious diseases such as Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) where automated analyses could help decentralise care and better inform decision-making in telemedicine. This protocol describes the standardised collection of lung auscultations in COVID-19 triage sites and a deep learning approach to diagnostic and prognostic modelling for future incorporation into an intelligent autonomous stethoscope benchmarked against human expert interpretation. Methods A total of 1000 consecutive, patients aged ≥ 16 years and meeting COVID-19 testing criteria will be recruited at screening sites and amongst inpatients of the internal medicine department at the Geneva University Hospitals, starting from October 2020. COVID-19 is diagnosed by RT-PCR on a nasopharyngeal swab and COVID-positive patients are followed up until outcome (i.e., discharge, hospitalisation, intubation and/or death). At inclusion, demographic and clinical data are collected, such as age, sex, medical history, and signs and symptoms of the current episode. Additionally, lung auscultation will be recorded with a digital stethoscope at 6 thoracic sites in each patient. A deep learning algorithm (DeepBreath) using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine classifier will be trained on these audio recordings to derive an automated prediction of diagnostic (COVID positive vs negative) and risk stratification categories (mild to severe). The performance of this model will be compared to a human prediction baseline on a random subset of lung sounds, where blinded physicians are asked to classify the audios into the same categories. Discussion This approach has broad potential to standardise the evaluation of lung auscultation in COVID-19 at various levels of healthcare, especially in the context of decentralised triage and monitoring. Trial registration: PB_2016-00500, SwissEthics. Registered on 6 April 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01467-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Glangetas
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 47 Avenue de la Roseraie, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mary-Anne Hartley
- Intelligent Global Health, Machine Learning and Optimization (MLO) Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aymeric Cantais
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 47 Avenue de la Roseraie, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - David Rivollet
- Essential Tech Centre, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Deeksha M Shama
- Intelligent Global Health, Machine Learning and Optimization (MLO) Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Hervé Spechbach
- Division of Primary Care Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Véronique Trombert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Bourquin
- Department of Micro-Engineering, Geneva School of Engineering, Architecture and Landscape (HEPIA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martin Jaggi
- Intelligent Global Health, Machine Learning and Optimization (MLO) Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo
- Paediatric Pulmonology Unit, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Gervaix
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 47 Avenue de la Roseraie, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johan N Siebert
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, Geneva University Hospitals, 47 Avenue de la Roseraie, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Fang K, Dong Z, Chen X, Zhu J, Zhang B, You J, Xiao Y, Xia W. Using machine learning to identify clotted specimens in coagulation testing. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1289-1297. [PMID: 33660491 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A sample with a blood clot may produce an inaccurate outcome in coagulation testing, which may mislead clinicians into making improper clinical decisions. Currently, there is no efficient method to automatically detect clots. This study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing machine learning (ML) to identify clotted specimens. METHODS The results of coagulation testing with 192 clotted samples and 2,889 no-clot-detected (NCD) samples were retrospectively retrieved from a laboratory information system to form the training dataset and testing dataset. Standard and momentum backpropagation neural networks (BPNNs) were trained and validated using the training dataset with a five-fold cross-validation method. The predictive performances of the models were then assessed based on the testing dataset. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that there were intrinsic distinctions between the clotted and NCD specimens regarding differences in the testing results and the separation of the groups (clotted and NCD) in the t-SNE analysis. The standard and momentum BPNNs could identify the sample status (clotted and NCD) with areas under the ROC curves of 0.966 (95% CI, 0.958-0.974) and 0.971 (95% CI, 0.9641-0.9784), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Here, we have described the application of ML algorithms in identifying the sample status based on the results of coagulation testing. This approach provides a proof-of-concept application of ML algorithms to evaluate the sample quality, and it has the potential to facilitate clinical laboratory automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Fang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zheqing Dong
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiling Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinbiao You
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingjun Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Wang CC, Chiu YC, Chen WL, Yang TW, Tsai MC, Tseng MH. A Deep Learning Model for Classification of Endoscopic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2428. [PMID: 33801325 PMCID: PMC7967559 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease with high prevalence, and its endoscopic severity can be evaluated using the Los Angeles classification (LA grade). This paper proposes a deep learning model (i.e., GERD-VGGNet) that employs convolutional neural networks for automatic classification and interpretation of routine GERD LA grade. The proposed model employs a data augmentation technique, a two-stage no-freezing fine-tuning policy, and an early stopping criterion. As a result, the proposed model exhibits high generalizability. A dataset of images from 464 patients was used for model training and validation. An additional 32 patients served as a test set to evaluate the accuracy of both the model and our trainees. Experimental results demonstrate that the best model for the development set exhibited an overall accuracy of 99.2% (grade A-B), 100% (grade C-D), and 100% (normal group) using narrow-band image (NBI) endoscopy. On the test set, the proposed model resulted in an accuracy of 87.9%, which was significantly higher than the results of the trainees (75.0% and 65.6%). The proposed GERD-VGGNet model can assist automatic classification of GERD in conventional and NBI environments and thereby increase the accuracy of interpretation of the results by inexperienced endoscopists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Wang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (T.-W.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ching Chiu
- Master Program in Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Wei Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (T.-W.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (T.-W.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hseng Tseng
- Department of Medical Informatics, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Information Technology Office, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Mohammadi F, Pourzamani H, Karimi H, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi M, Ardalan N, Khoshravesh R, Pooresmaeil H, Shahabi S, Sabahi M, Sadat Miryonesi F, Najafi M, Yavari Z, Mohammadi F, Teiri H, Jannati M. Artificial neural network and logistic regression modelling to characterize COVID-19 infected patients in local areas of Iran. Biomed J 2021; 44:304-316. [PMID: 34127421 PMCID: PMC7905378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is an infectious disease that started spreading globally at the end of 2019. Due to differences in patient characteristics and symptoms in different regions, in this research, a comparative study was performed on COVID-19 patients in 6 provinces of Iran. Also, multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network and Logistic Regression (LR) models were applied for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods A total of 1043 patients with suspected COVID-19 infection in Iran participated in this study. 29 characteristics, symptoms and underlying disease were obtained from hospitalized patients. Afterwards, we compared the obtained data between confirmed cases. Furthermore, the data was applied for building the ANN and LR models to diagnosis the infected patients by COVID-19. Results In 750 confirmed patients, Common symptoms were: fever (%) >37.5 °C, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, chills and headache. The most common underlying diseases were: hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary heart disease. Finally, the accuracy of the ANN model to the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection was higher than the LR model. Conclusion The prevalent symptoms and underlying diseases of COVID-19 patients were similar in different provinces, but the incidence of symptoms was significantly different from each other. Also, the study demonstrated that ANN and LR models have a high ability in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Pourzamani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Karimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Department of Management and Health Information Technology, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahreza University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nahid Ardalan
- Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marzieh Najafi
- Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Yavari
- Genetic and Environmental Adventures Research Center, School of Abarkouh Paramedicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farideh Mohammadi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Teiri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Jannati
- Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
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Kaplan A, Cao H, FitzGerald JM, Iannotti N, Yang E, Kocks JWH, Kostikas K, Price D, Reddel HK, Tsiligianni I, Vogelmeier CF, Pfister P, Mastoridis P. Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning in Respiratory Medicine and Potential Role in Asthma and COPD Diagnosis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2021; 9:2255-2261. [PMID: 33618053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, a subset of AI, are increasingly used in medicine. AI excels at performing well-defined tasks, such as image recognition; for example, classifying skin biopsy lesions, determining diabetic retinopathy severity, and detecting brain tumors. This article provides an overview of the use of AI in medicine and particularly in respiratory medicine, where it is used to evaluate lung cancer images, diagnose fibrotic lung disease, and more recently is being developed to aid the interpretation of pulmonary function tests and the diagnosis of a range of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. The development and validation of AI algorithms requires large volumes of well-structured data, and the algorithms must work with variable levels of data quality. It is important that clinicians understand how AI can function in the context of heterogeneous conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where diagnostic criteria overlap, how AI use fits into everyday clinical practice, and how issues of patient safety should be addressed. AI has a clear role in providing support for doctors in the clinical workplace, but its relatively recent introduction means that confidence in its use still has to be fully established. Overall, AI is expected to play a key role in aiding clinicians in the diagnosis and management of respiratory diseases in the future, and it will be exciting to see the benefits that arise for patients and doctors from its use in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kaplan
- Family Physician Airways Group of Canada, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Hui Cao
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nick Iannotti
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Eric Yang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Janwillem W H Kocks
- General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands; Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - David Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Helen K Reddel
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ioanna Tsiligianni
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Claus F Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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Machine Learning and Deep Neural Network Applications in the Thorax: Pulmonary Embolism, Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension, Aorta, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Thorac Imaging 2021; 35 Suppl 1:S40-S48. [PMID: 32271281 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The radiologic community is rapidly integrating a revolution that has not fully entered daily practice. It necessitates a close collaboration between computer scientists and radiologists to move from concepts to practical applications. This article reviews the current littérature on machine learning and deep neural network applications in the field of pulmonary embolism, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, aorta, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Das N, Topalovic M, Janssens W. AIM in Respiratory Disorders. Artif Intell Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58080-3_178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Manava P, Galster M, Heinen H, Stebner A, Lell M. Algorithmen mit künstlicher Intelligenz. Radiologe 2020; 60:952-958. [DOI: 10.1007/s00117-020-00714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Khemasuwan D, Sorensen JS, Colt HG. Artificial intelligence in pulmonary medicine: computer vision, predictive model and COVID-19. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/157/200181. [PMID: 33004526 PMCID: PMC7537944 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0181-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare delivery. The digital revolution in medicine and healthcare information is prompting a staggering growth of data intertwined with elements from many digital sources such as genomics, medical imaging and electronic health records. Such massive growth has sparked the development of an increasing number of AI-based applications that can be deployed in clinical practice. Pulmonary specialists who are familiar with the principles of AI and its applications will be empowered and prepared to seize future practice and research opportunities. The goal of this review is to provide pulmonary specialists and other readers with information pertinent to the use of AI in pulmonary medicine. First, we describe the concept of AI and some of the requisites of machine learning and deep learning. Next, we review some of the literature relevant to the use of computer vision in medical imaging, predictive modelling with machine learning, and the use of AI for battling the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 pandemic. We close our review with a discussion of limitations and challenges pertaining to the further incorporation of AI into clinical pulmonary practice. Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing the landscape in medicine. AI-based applications will empower pulmonary specialists to seize modern practice and research opportunities. Data-driven precision medicine is already here.https://bit.ly/324tl2m
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Khemasuwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Henri G Colt
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Shen J, Chen J, Zheng Z, Zheng J, Liu Z, Song J, Wong SY, Wang X, Huang M, Fang PH, Jiang B, Tsang W, He Z, Liu T, Akinwunmi B, Wang CC, Zhang CJP, Huang J, Ming WK. An Innovative Artificial Intelligence-Based App for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM-AI): Development Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e21573. [PMID: 32930674 PMCID: PMC7525402 DOI: 10.2196/21573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can cause adverse consequences to both mothers and their newborns. However, pregnant women living in low- and middle-income areas or countries often fail to receive early clinical interventions at local medical facilities due to restricted availability of GDM diagnosis. The outstanding performance of artificial intelligence (AI) in disease diagnosis in previous studies demonstrates its promising applications in GDM diagnosis. Objective This study aims to investigate the implementation of a well-performing AI algorithm in GDM diagnosis in a setting, which requires fewer medical equipment and staff and to establish an app based on the AI algorithm. This study also explores possible progress if our app is widely used. Methods An AI model that included 9 algorithms was trained on 12,304 pregnant outpatients with their consent who received a test for GDM in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, a local hospital in South China, between November 2010 and October 2017. GDM was diagnosed according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2011 diagnostic criteria. Age and fasting blood glucose were chosen as critical parameters.
For validation, we performed k-fold cross-validation (k=5) for the internal dataset and an external validation dataset that included 1655 cases from the Prince of Wales Hospital, the affiliated teaching hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, a non-local hospital. Accuracy, sensitivity, and other criteria were calculated for each algorithm. Results The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of external validation dataset for support vector machine (SVM), random forest, AdaBoost, k-nearest neighbors (kNN), naive Bayes (NB), decision tree, logistic regression (LR), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) were 0.780, 0.657, 0.736, 0.669, 0.774, 0.614, 0.769, 0.742, and 0.757, respectively. SVM also retained high performance in other criteria. The specificity for SVM retained 100% in the external validation set with an accuracy of 88.7%. Conclusions Our prospective and multicenter study is the first clinical study that supports the GDM diagnosis for pregnant women in resource-limited areas, using only fasting blood glucose value, patients’ age, and a smartphone connected to the internet. Our study proved that SVM can achieve accurate diagnosis with less operation cost and higher efficacy. Our study (referred to as GDM-AI study, ie, the study of AI-based diagnosis of GDM) also shows our app has a promising future in improving the quality of maternal health for pregnant women, precision medicine, and long-distance medical care. We recommend future work should expand the dataset scope and replicate the process to validate the performance of the AI algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Shen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiebin Chen
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zequan Zheng
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Zheng
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zherui Liu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of International Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sum Yi Wong
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Huang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Po-Han Fang
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Winghei Tsang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonglin He
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taoran Liu
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Babatunde Akinwunmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Casper J P Zhang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jian Huang
- Multidisciplinary, Collaborative Research Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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van Schalkwyk MC, Bourek A, Kringos DS, Siciliani L, Barry MM, De Maeseneer J, McKee M. The best person (or machine) for the job: Rethinking task shifting in healthcare. Health Policy 2020; 124:1379-1386. [PMID: 32900551 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Globally, health systems are faced with the difficult challenge of how to get the best results with the often limited number of health workers available to them. Exacerbating this challenge is the task of meeting ever-changing needs of service users and managing unprecedented technological advances. The process of matching skills to changing needs and opportunities is termed task shifting. It involves questioning health service goals, what health workers do, asking if it can be done in a better way, and implementing change. Task shifting in healthcare is often conceptualised as a process of transferring responsibility for 'simple' tasks from high-skilled but scarce health workers to those with less expertise and lower pay, and predominantly viewed as a means to reduce costs and promote efficiency. Here we present a position paper based on the work and expertise of the European Commission Expert Panel on Effective ways of Investing in Health. It contends that this is over simplistic, and aims to provide a new task shifting framework, informed by relevant evidence, and a series of recommendations. While far from comprehensive, there is a growing body of evidence that certain tasks traditionally undertaken by one type of health worker can be undertaken by others (or machines), in some cases to a higher standard, thus challenging the persistence of rigid professional boundaries. Task shifting has the potential to contribute to health systems strengthening when accompanied by adequate planning, resources, education, training and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ci van Schalkwyk
- Department of Health Services Research & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Aleš Bourek
- Masaryk University Center for Healthcare Quality, Czech Republic
| | - Dionne Sofia Kringos
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public Health and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Siciliani
- Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret M Barry
- Head of World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Health Promotion Research, School of Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jan De Maeseneer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.
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Amaral JLM, Sancho AG, Faria ACD, Lopes AJ, Melo PL. Differential diagnosis of asthma and restrictive respiratory diseases by combining forced oscillation measurements, machine learning and neuro-fuzzy classifiers. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:2455-2473. [PMID: 32776208 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To design machine learning classifiers to facilitate the clinical use and increase the accuracy of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in the differential diagnosis of patients with asthma and restrictive respiratory diseases. FOT and spirometric exams were performed in 97 individuals, including controls (n = 20), asthmatic patients (n = 38), and restrictive (n = 39) patients. The first experiment of this study showed that the best FOT parameter was the resonance frequency, providing moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.87). In the second experiment, a neuro-fuzzy classifier and different supervised machine learning techniques were investigated, including k-nearest neighbors, random forests, AdaBoost with decision trees, and support vector machines with a radial basis kernel. All classifiers achieved high accuracy (AUC ≥ 0.9) in the differentiation between patient groups. In the third and fourth experiments, the use of different feature selection techniques allowed us to achieve high accuracy with only three FOT parameters. In addition, the neuro-fuzzy classifier also provided rules to explain the classification. Neuro-fuzzy and machine learning classifiers can aid in the differential diagnosis of patients with asthma and restrictive respiratory diseases. They can assist clinicians as a support system providing accurate diagnostic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L M Amaral
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre G Sancho
- Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C D Faria
- Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo J Lopes
- Pulmonary Function Laboratory, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Melo
- Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes and Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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40
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Nikolaou V, Massaro S, Fakhimi M, Stergioulas L, Price D. COPD phenotypes and machine learning cluster analysis: A systematic review and future research agenda. Respir Med 2020; 171:106093. [PMID: 32745966 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a highly heterogeneous condition projected to become the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. To better characterize this condition, clinicians have classified patients sharing certain symptomatic characteristics, such as symptom intensity and history of exacerbations, into distinct phenotypes. In recent years, the growing use of machine learning algorithms, and cluster analysis in particular, has promised to advance this classification through the integration of additional patient characteristics, including comorbidities, biomarkers, and genomic information. This combination would allow researchers to more reliably identify new COPD phenotypes, as well as better characterize existing ones, with the aim of improving diagnosis and developing novel treatments. Here, we systematically review the last decade of research progress, which uses cluster analysis to identify COPD phenotypes. Collectively, we provide a systematized account of the extant evidence, describe the strengths and weaknesses of the main methods used, identify gaps in the literature, and suggest recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Nikolaou
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7HX, UK.
| | - Sebastiano Massaro
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7HX, UK; The Organizational Neuroscience Laboratory, London, WC1N 3AX, UK
| | - Masoud Fakhimi
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7HX, UK
| | | | - David Price
- Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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41
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Xu C, Qi S, Feng J, Xia S, Kang Y, Yao Y, Qian W. DCT-MIL: Deep CNN transferred multiple instance learning for COPD identification using CT images. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:145011. [PMID: 32235077 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab857d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
While many pre-defined computed tomographic (CT) measures have been utilized to characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), it is still challenging to represent pathological alternations of multiple dimensions and highly spatial heterogeneity. Deep CNN transferred multiple instance learning (DCT-MIL) is proposed to identify COPD via CT images. After the lung is divided into eight sections along the axial direction, one random axial CT image is taken out from each section as one instance. With one instance as the input, the activations of neural layers of AlexNet trained by natural images are extracted as features. After dimension reduction through principle component analysis, features of all instances are input into three MIL methods: Citation k-Nearest-Neighbor (Citation-KNN), multiple instance support vector machine, and expectation-maximization diverse density. Moreover, the performance dependence of the resulted models on the depth of the neural layer where activations are extracted and the number of features is investigated. The proposed DCT-MIL achieves an exceptional performance with an accuracy of 99.29% and area under curve of 0.9826 while using 100 principle components of features extracted from the fourth convolutional layer and Citation-KNN. It outperforms not only DCT-MIL models using other settings and the pre-trained AlexNet with fine-tuning by montages of eight lung CT images, but also other state-of-art methods. Deep CNN transferred multiple instance learning is suited for identification of COPD using CT images. It can help finding subgroups with high risk of COPD from large populations through CT scans ordered doing lung cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwen Xu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, People's Republic of China
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42
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Li J, Huang J, Zheng L, Li X. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Education and Management: Present Status and Promising Prospect. Front Public Health 2020; 8:173. [PMID: 32548087 PMCID: PMC7273319 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid development of science and technology in healthcare, diabetes remains an incurable lifelong illness. Diabetes education aiming to improve the self-management skills is an essential way to help patients enhance their metabolic control and quality of life. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have made significant progress in transforming available genetic data and clinical information into valuable knowledge. The application of AI tech in disease education would be extremely beneficial considering their advantages in promoting individualization and full-course education intervention according to the unique pictures of different individuals. This paper reviews and discusses the most recent applications of AI techniques to various aspects of diabetes education. With the information and evidence collected, this review attempts to provide insight and guidance for the development of prospective, data-driven decision support platforms for diabetes management, with a focus on individualized patient management and lifelong educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.,Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Lanbo Zheng
- School of Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China
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43
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Exarchos KP, Gogali A, Sioutkou A, Chronis C, Peristeri S, Kostikas K. Validation of the portable Bluetooth® Air Next spirometer in patients with different respiratory diseases. Respir Res 2020; 21:79. [PMID: 32252783 PMCID: PMC7137268 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic respiratory diseases constitute a considerable part in the practice of pulmonologists and primary care physicians; spirometry is integral for the diagnosis and monitoring of these diseases, yet remains underutilized. The Air Next spirometer (NuvoAir, Sweden) is a novel ultra-portable device that performs spirometric measurements connected to a smartphone or tablet via Bluetooth®. METHODS The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy and validity of these measurements by comparing them with the ones obtained with a conventional desktop spirometer. Two hundred subjects were enrolled in the study with various spirometric patterns (50 patients with asthma, 50 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 50 with interstitial lung disease) as well as 50 healthy individuals. RESULTS For the key spirometric parameters in the interpretation of spirometry, i.e. FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75%, Pearson correlation and Interclass Correlation Coefficient were greater than 0.94, exhibiting perfect concordance between the two spirometers. Similar results were observed in an exploratory analysis of the subgroups of patients. Using Bland-Altman plots we have shown good reproducibility in the measurements between the two devices, with small mean differences for the evaluated spirometric parameters and the majority of measurements being well within the limits of agreement. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the use of Air Next as a reliable spirometer for the screening and diagnosis of various spirometric patterns in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athena Gogali
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Agni Sioutkou
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos Chronis
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Sofia Peristeri
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kostikas
- Respiratory Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Battineni G, Sagaro GG, Chinatalapudi N, Amenta F. Applications of Machine Learning Predictive Models in the Chronic Disease Diagnosis. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10020021. [PMID: 32244292 PMCID: PMC7354442 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews applications of machine learning (ML) predictive models in the diagnosis of chronic diseases. Chronic diseases (CDs) are responsible for a major portion of global health costs. Patients who suffer from these diseases need lifelong treatment. Nowadays, predictive models are frequently applied in the diagnosis and forecasting of these diseases. In this study, we reviewed the state-of-the-art approaches that encompass ML models in the primary diagnosis of CD. This analysis covers 453 papers published between 2015 and 2019, and our document search was conducted from PubMed (Medline), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) libraries. Ultimately, 22 studies were selected to present all modeling methods in a precise way that explains CD diagnosis and usage models of individual pathologies with associated strengths and limitations. Our outcomes suggest that there are no standard methods to determine the best approach in real-time clinical practice since each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Among the methods considered, support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (LR), clustering were the most commonly used. These models are highly applicable in classification, and diagnosis of CD and are expected to become more important in medical practice in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Battineni
- Center for Telemedicine and Tele pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Sciences Products, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Della carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.G.S.); (N.C.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-333-172-8206
| | - Getu Gamo Sagaro
- Center for Telemedicine and Tele pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Sciences Products, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Della carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.G.S.); (N.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Nalini Chinatalapudi
- Center for Telemedicine and Tele pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Sciences Products, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Della carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.G.S.); (N.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- Center for Telemedicine and Tele pharmacy, School of Medicinal and Health Sciences Products, University of Camerino, Via Madonna Della carceri 9, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (G.G.S.); (N.C.); (F.A.)
- Research Department, International Medical Radio Center Foundation (C.I.R.M.), 00144 Roma, Italy
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45
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Li L, Chen Y, Shen Z, Zhang X, Sang J, Ding Y, Yang X, Li J, Chen M, Jin C, Chen C, Yu C. Convolutional neural network for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer based on magnifying narrow band imaging. Gastric Cancer 2020; 23:126-132. [PMID: 31332619 PMCID: PMC6942561 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-019-00992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (M-NBI) has been applied to examine early gastric cancer by observing microvascular architecture and microsurface structure of gastric mucosal lesions. However, the diagnostic efficacy of non-experts in differentiating early gastric cancer from non-cancerous lesions by M-NBI remained far from satisfactory. In this study, we developed a new system based on convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze gastric mucosal lesions observed by M-NBI. METHODS A total of 386 images of non-cancerous lesions and 1702 images of early gastric cancer were collected to train and establish a CNN model (Inception-v3). Then a total of 341 endoscopic images (171 non-cancerous lesions and 170 early gastric cancer) were selected to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of CNN and endoscopists. Primary outcome measures included diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CNN system in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer were 91.18%, 90.64%, and 90.91%, respectively. No significant difference was spotted in the specificity and accuracy of diagnosis between CNN and experts. However, the diagnostic sensitivity of CNN was significantly higher than that of the experts. Furthermore, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CNN were significantly higher than those of the non-experts. CONCLUSIONS Our CNN system showed high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. It is anticipated that more progress will be made in optimization of the CNN diagnostic system and further development of artificial intelligence in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Yishu Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Zhe Shen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Xuequn Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Jianzhong Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yuyao People’s Hospital, Yuyao, China
| | - Yong Ding
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Jun Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Hithink RoyalFlush Information Network Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Jin
- Hithink RoyalFlush Information Network Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
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Lee H, Kim J, Kim S, Kong HJ, Ryu H. Investigating the Need for Point-of-Care Robots to Support Teleconsultation. Telemed J E Health 2019; 25:1165-1173. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsuk Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukwha Kim
- Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Joong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongju Ryu
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Blasiak A, Khong J, Kee T. CURATE.AI: Optimizing Personalized Medicine with Artificial Intelligence. SLAS Technol 2019; 25:95-105. [PMID: 31771394 DOI: 10.1177/2472630319890316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The clinical team attending to a patient upon a diagnosis is faced with two main questions: what treatment, and at what dose? Clinical trials' results provide the basis for guidance and support for official protocols that clinicians use to base their decisions upon. However, individuals rarely demonstrate the reported response from relevant clinical trials, often the average from a group representing a population or subpopulation. The decision complexity increases with combination treatments where drugs administered together can interact with each other, which is often the case. Additionally, the individual's response to the treatment varies over time with the changes in his or her condition, whether via the indication or physiology. In practice, the drug and the dose selection depend greatly on the medical protocol of the healthcare provider and the medical team's experience. As such, the results are inherently varied and often suboptimal. Big data approaches have emerged as an excellent decision-making support tool, but their application is limited by multiple challenges, the main one being the availability of sufficiently big datasets with good quality, representative information. An alternative approach-phenotypic personalized medicine (PPM)-finds an appropriate drug combination (quadratic phenotypic optimization platform [QPOP]) and an appropriate dosing strategy over time (CURATE.AI) based on small data collected exclusively from the treated individual. PPM-based approaches have demonstrated superior results over the current standard of care. The side effects are limited while the desired output is maximized, which directly translates into improving the length and quality of individuals' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Blasiak
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey Khong
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Theodore Kee
- Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of Singapore, Singapore
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McKee M, van Schalkwyk MCI, Stuckler D. The second information revolution: digitalization brings opportunities and concerns for public health. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:3-6. [PMID: 31738440 PMCID: PMC6859519 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of the written word, facilitated by the introduction of the printing press, was an information revolution with profound implications for European society. Now, a second information revolution is underway, a digital transformation that is shaping the way Europeans live and interact with each other and the world around them. We are confronted with an unprecedented expansion in ways to share and access information and experiences, to express ourselves and communicate. Yet while these changes have undoubtedly provided many benefits for health, from information sharing to improved surveillance and diagnostics, they also open up many potential threats. These come in many forms. Here we review some the pressing issues of concern; discrimination; breaches of privacy; iatrogenesis; disinformation and misinformation or 'fake news' and cyber-attacks. These have the potential to impact negatively on the health and wellbeing of individuals as well as entire communities and nations. We call for a concerted European response to maximize the benefits of the digital revolution while minimizing the harms, arguably one of the greatest challenges facing the public health community today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - May C I van Schalkwyk
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - David Stuckler
- Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management and Dondena Research Centre, University of Bocconi, Milan, Italy
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49
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Hoesterey D, Das N, Janssens W, Buhr RG, Martinez FJ, Cooper CB, Tashkin DP, Barjaktarevic I. Spirometric indices of early airflow impairment in individuals at risk of developing COPD: Spirometry beyond FEV 1/FVC. Respir Med 2019; 156:58-68. [PMID: 31437649 PMCID: PMC6768077 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Spirometry is the current gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring the progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). However, many current and former smokers who do not meet established spirometric criteria for the diagnosis of this disease have symptoms and clinical courses similar to those with diagnosed COPD. Large longitudinal observational studies following individuals at risk of developing COPD offer us additional insight into spirometric patterns of disease development and progression. Analysis of forced expiratory maneuver changes over time may allow us to better understand early changes predictive of progressive disease. This review discusses the theoretical ability of spirometry to capture fine pathophysiologic changes in early airway disease, highlights the shortcomings of current diagnostic criteria, and reviews existing evidence for spirometric measures which may be used to better detect early airflow impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoesterey
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nilakash Das
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Russell G Buhr
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Medical Service, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Christopher B Cooper
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Donald P Tashkin
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Igor Barjaktarevic
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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50
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Using Quantitative Computed Tomographic Imaging to Understand Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease. J Thorac Imaging 2019; 35:246-254. [DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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